C[]r:1r:1* [JATA SOFTWARE

GUIDES YOU AND YOUR VIC 20® DOWN ROADS OF ADVENTURE WITH:

• Maelstrom* • Escape MCP* • Gator Chase* • Astro Command • Caves of Annod • Capture the Beast • Whirlwind Rescue* • Street Maze • The Market • Chivalry

THROUGH TRAILS OF CREATIVITY WITH: • Sketch and Paint

ALONG THE PATH TO KNOWLEDGE WITH: • Wordspot • Math Tutor Series • Alphabet Tutor • Conversion • Gotcha Math • English Invaders • Math Invaders Series

ASK FOR COMM*DATA COMPUTER HOUSE SOFTWARE AT YOUR LOCAL DEALER.

Or Send for FREE Catalog: COMM*DATA COMPUTER HOUSE 320 Summit Avenue Milford, Michigan 48042 Quality software also available (313) 685-0113 for Pet and Commodore 64 computers Dealer Inquiries Welcome .

VIC 20 is a Registered Trade mark of Commodore Business Machines. In c. • 'High Res Full Machine Code Arcade Style Games. King of the mountain! Workhorse solutions for tough questions. When Southern Solutions acquiredthe exclusivemarketing rights for the CMSAccounting System. the first (andthe best) acrountingsystem for the Commodorecomputer. we offered dealerswho were di$atisfied with their current accounting software the opportunity to swap ... ours for an)Qneelses . WOINIWe were coveredwith the others ... MAS.BPI. ESS. etc ... all trading for CMS.We prCNidethe only completecoverage of real software for Commodore computers: . mE PREMIER... SYSTEMIv. Real accounting.More like a mini. yet pricedfor the Commodore.SuperMath n, givesprecision to $1 bllUon. No one elsecomes close . Generalledger. accounts receivable . acrountspayable. payroll. inventory. mailing list. Plus important vertical products:oil accounting.pharmacy managementencumbrance Software accounting.church recordsand more. mE STANDARD ... SYSTEMIII. Similar to SystemN but lower priced. GIL..AIR . NP. PIR. mailing list. Commodore 64*. Completeline of bookkeeping record keeping.personal and householdmanagement Usuallysells for under $100. Usesone or two drives.ju st about any printer. Peripherals. Monitors. monitor cables.blank cassettes. All software has FileGuardT " . Never losedata files. EVENIF YOU LOSE ELECfRICI1Y1Compatible with almost any computer.disk drive and printer combination.User-definable reports. Fast file access. Sold only through professional computerdealers . To becomea Southern Solutions dealer.or for the nameof JOUrnearest retailer.call or write our General Manager.Bill Swingler.

Dealer Hotline: 1-800-527-4548

'Commodore 64 IS a registered trademark of Commodore

Circle No. 62 ROW WITH US! EXPANSION PRODUCTS FOR YOUR MICROCOMPUTER

18 a Commodore com­ CII'IV8deeIgned to Interface ifJulbI.CommodorecomputerI .... ____ --=.. PET, VfC..20. and the .... 84. The dI8k drtva Ie com­ modeI4CMO.2031. 1540, Win a FREE drives and recognizaa trip to Ha I generated on any of theee . ,C.... The capacItIea are com- Join our thoae found on the Com- -Grow WIth U 11:.1t;IrIv... and Super Disk Club 1 the full inatrucllon set of the IiIIIIlICkIn drives. Super Disk offer8 The more .... within the disk unit, and buy .... end an IEEE bus Interface. The the batter a 1·~.. *v~Ea~ S~ DIsk. your chances. Details at your D.... r

Ask tor U8 by name

1·1I=~""""•.Power requirements -In­ :'ii -11 01220voIt8 +/- 10%; freq~ MSD eo Hertz; power - 30 walla. Com- r llill.In .... ICII - Commodoretype SERIALbus • ______==::::dI iltCloIWInodIintype IEEE bua. ~ _. PeeIIIIw: 18K ROM bued operating II( RAMarea; 6511Q MIcroprocesaor; an IIIIt t811 dlllgnoatlca. MSD also makes Port Expanders, RAM cartridges, Games, Audio Cassette Interface, Monitor Cables and Terminal Emulation Software.

Dealer Inqulrle.: MICRO BvaTEMB 1-800-527-5285 DEVELOPMENT. INC.

(214) 241-3743 PET. VJC.20. and Commodore 84 ate trademar1c8 of CornmacIIn aul i"... Machines. Inc. Super DIIk ia a copyright of MIcfo 8yIf8IM 11105 Shady Trail • Suite 104 • Dallas. Texas 75229 Development. Inc.

Circle No 29 JOIN THE SPECIAL COMPUTER , "',',,,.':::,:~ ""'v:-c:::;. w VERSION OF TYPING TUTOR TYPING TUTOR REVOLUTION I WORD INVADERB WITH A MASTERY PLUS WORD INVADERS OF THE KEYBOARD! • NOW AVAILABLE FOR THE • CO M MO DO R E 64™ ... $21.95 (Tape) In the age of the computer, everyone • • All of the features of the VIC 20 ™ Version and more from the school child to the Chairman of -~ the Board should be at home at the 10 a computer keyboard. Soon there will be . SPRITE I D:~;~.I a computer terminal on every desk and DESIGNE~I.:~~.E~~,I in every home. Learn how to use it righ t by Dr. Lee T. HIli i mmJIl ~ ... and have some fun at the same time l ~~RJI Rated THE BEST educational program for the VIC 20™ $16.95(Tape) $21.95(Disk) I.Nj;b;-· by Creative Computing Magazine Create and then tr ansform sprites automatically. We have the other sprite makin g prog rams, butth is is the TYPING TUTOR PLUS WORD INVADERS-$21.95 one we use to make sprites The automatic transfor­ l (2 programs on one cassette tape for the unexpanded VIC 20TM) mations are great Shipping and handling $1.00 per Typing Tutor plu s Word Invaders makes learn ing the keyboa rd ea sy and lun I order. Ca lifornia residents add 6% Typing Tutor teaches th e keyboa rd in easy steps . Wo rd Invaders makes typing -=- ~ _ sa les tax. VISA and Masterca rd ~ prac tice an en tert ain ing game. Highly praised by customers: orders must in clude full name as shown on ca rd, card " Typing Tutor is greaf.l ", " Fantastic ", " Excel/en!"', High quality" , " A source of nu mber , and expi ration date. Free cata log se nt with great jo y and learning for our children ", "Even my /illie sister likes it ", " Word order and on request Invaders is sensationa l' " Customer comment says it all ... ACAi>i:m'! .. and it was everything you advertised it would be. In three weeks , my 13 year old son, who had never typed before, was typing 35 wp m. I had improved my typing speed 15 wp.m and my husband was able to keep up wit h his college SOFTWARE typing class by prac ticing at home. " P.O. Box 9403, San Rafael, CA 94912 (415) 499·0850

Circle No.2

Call for Clubs and Newsletters Directory To be included in the future issues of the Commander Clubs and Newsletters Director, your club or publication must supply the follow­ ing information: 1. name of organization or publication 2. mailing address 3. contact person and telephone number 4. name of newsletter or publication 5. special interests Send your information to Clubs and Newsletters Directory, Com­ mander, PO Box 98827, Tacoma , WA 98498.

Commander-The Monthly Journal for Commodore Computer Users is published monthly by Micro Systems Specialties, P.O. Box 98827, Tacoma, WA 98498, Domestic Subscriptions, 12 issues, $22.00, Second Class Postage pending at Tacoma, WA 98143 and additional mailing offices, Postmaster: Send address changes to: Commander-The Monthly Journal for Commodore Computer Users; P.O. Box 98827, Tacoma, WA 98498. Entire Contents copyright © 1983 by Micro Systems SpeCialties. All Rights Reserved.

4/Co mmander June 1983 Table of Contents

STAFF TELECOM MANDER 6 by Donald L. Stoner Publisher THOMAS L. ROSENBAUM DATA BASED FILES Editor 12 by Claud E. Cleeton ALICIA A. LINDEN AN INTRODUCTION TO ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE Editorial Assistant VI TERIL YN M. AICHLMAYR PROGRAMMING ON THE VIC-20: PART 16 by Eric Giguere Dealer/Distributor Manager DEBBIE A. GABBARD LIVING WITH TOTL.LABEL 2.6 by Colin F. Thompson Sales/Subscription Manager 20 ELIZABETH K. STEAN ARITHMETIC AT NURSERY SCHOOL Advertising/Article Manager 26 by Dennis G. Smith LINDA L. LINDEN

Typesetting THE BASICS OF BASIC GRANGE PRINTING 32 by Tim Parker

Consultant MACHINE LANGUAGE I/O: Part Two of Three EDWIN SUND by Howard N. Rotenberg GEORGE R. GAUKEL 35 JOHN GABBARD PIE GRAPH Production Artists 46 by Eric Giguere MIKE BRIGHENTI BRIAN D. THOMPSON JON WONG A CHARACTER EDITOR FOR THE COMMODORE 64 Printed By 52 by Garry G. Kiziak GRANGE PRINTING A COMPREHENSIVE EDITOR/ASSEMBLER COMMANDER is published monthly by: MICRO SYSTEMS SPECIALTIES. PO Box 98827, FOR THE VIC-20 Tacoma, Washington 98498 71 By Eric Giguere

Subscription Rates (U.S. Funds) Per Year U.S. $22.00 Canadian, Mexican $26.00 DEPARTMENTS Surface Rates, Foreign $37.00 Ai r Mail. Foreign $54.00 80 Bits & Pieces 99 Dealers 54 Game Contest For back issues, subscriptions , change of address or other information, write to: 88 New Products COMMANDER 83 News Releases PO Box 98827 105 User Club Tacoma. Washington 98498 106 Advertisers Index (206) 584-6757 BACK ISSUES- 2 months 0Id-$4 .50

Copyright@ 1983 by MICRO SYSTEMS SPECIALTIES All Rights Reserved COVER BY Randy "Tarkas" Hoar Commander June 1983/5 by Donald L. Stoner Mercer Island, WA

Recently I was asked to explain the tory of On-Line Data Bases." This month, I plan to devote the col­ difference between an " information There are a dozen or so services umn to one of the nation's largest in­ utility" and a " data base." Most that fit my definition of an " information formation utilities, CompuServe Infor­ readers have heard the term " data utility. " Most are intended for mation Service (CIS). You can pur­ base" but may not be familiar with an businesses and are horribly expen­ chase a subscription to CompuServe " information utility." I define a data sive. Costs in the order of $100 per at your local Radio Shack store. It is base as a very narrow collection of called their Universal Sign-Up Kit (part hour are not uncommon I There are on­ specific information, while an informa­ ly three that I feel are within the budget number 26-2224) and costs only tion utility is a broad collection of of the average person. One is called $19.95. In addition to the free hour of general information. "Dow Jones News Service" and pro­ access time on Dow Jones (mention­ Virtually everyone reading this col­ vides extensive information on stocks, ed earlier), you will receive a free "get umn has used a data base at one time bonds, commodities, etc. One might acqu?inted" hour on CIS. or another. For example, when you argue that this makes DJ NS a data CompuServe Information Service call the telephone company informa­ base. However, Dow Jones also pro­ (CIS) is located in Columbus, Ohio and tion operator, you are accessing an vides news and other information of operates a large number of PDP com­ enormous data base of telephone general interest (albeit with a business puters made by Digital Equipment numbers. The phone company and financial slant) . Corp. As a matter of fact, when you are connected into this utility, your operators have millions of numbers The cast of the information varies, VIC-20 or C-64 is actually running right at their finger tips (their computer depending on which of their services these powerful 32 bit "mainframe" keyboard). The operator can extract is being accessed. My 13 year old, the correct phone number in seconds Dan, is learning to play the market (on devices ... making the discs whir and but he or she cannot tell you the paper) and has racked up a fair-sized accessing megabytes of memory weather in Houston nor who won the bill with Dow Jones! If DJNS is of in­ The reader may wonder "who can ball game last night. terest, check with the folks at your local afford long distance calls to Columbus, The public library fits my definition Radio Shack store. They sell a Univer­ Ohio?" Fortunately, it is not necessary of an information utility. The little sal Sign-Up Kit, which provides one to rack up a lot on long distance drawers, containing the 5x7 cards, are free hour on DJNS (see details below). charges to "talk" to CompuServe. the data base for all the books contain­ A second popular information utility They have established their own ed in the information utility. If you know is called The Source, and is a sub­ telephone network and have local where to look (or the 5x7 cards can tell sidiary of Readers Digest, Inc. The telephone numbers in all the major you) , information on virtually any sub­ Source can provide an enormous col­ cities of the country. These are called ject is available. lection of information to telecom­ I/O ports in and out of their network. There are literally thousands of data municators. It is so extensive, in fact, For example, the telephone number bases available to computer owners that I plan to make this information utili­ for their Seattle port is 634-1713. The with telecommunications capability ty the subject of a separate column. It number answers automatically and (those having a modem and communi­ costs $100 to join The Source and ap­ sends the answer tone (see last cations software). An extensive listing proximately $5 per hour for access month 's column). (but, by no means complete) is con­ time. See your local Computerland As soon as I am connected to the tained in a publication called "Direc- store to sign up. local port, the information I send and 6/Commander June 1983 receive is handled (along with many other users) on high speed telephone lines that CIS leases from the telephone company. In a split second, ·c my keystokes arrive in Columbus, User IDt 71625,1620 Ohio and tell the CIS computer what Password: I want it to do. I am charged approx­ Com~uServeInfor~alion Service imately $5 per hour (you can spend 8:12 PST Saturda~ 19-Mar-83 that playing Pac-Man!) for the use of their equipment and their transcon­ WHAT'S NEW tinental telephone network. If you have ever been charged for a long distance Software Exchanse Now Has 120 voice telephone call , you know this is Microcomputer Pro.raas quite a bargain price. Aunt Nettie Moves to Frida~s What if your city does not have a New Weather Features CompuServe port (a local telephone number)? In some of the smaller cities, For details, see What's New CIS sub-leases the lines of what are Enter: GO NEW al lhe ! pro.pl called "value added carriers" (VAC) , on an~ pase. such as TymeNet and TeleNet. The VAC equipment and setup is very similar to the proprietary network operated by CompuServe. However, Co"puServe Pa!le CIS-l access is slightly more complicated since you have to log in twice, once CompuServe Inforaation Service with the value added carrier IVAC) and once with CompuServe. How do you 1 Home Services know if CompuServe has a local 2 Business & Financi.l phone number or the location of the 3 Personal Co_putin. nearest VAC port? The easiest way is 4 Services for Professionals to check with your local Radio Shack dealer before you purchase your ac­ 5 User Inforaalion cess package. If you have to use one 6 Index of the value added carriers to access CompuServe (or most other informa­ Enter ~our selection nu.ber, tion utilities), it will cost you slightly or H for .ore infor •• tion. more per hour "of on-line time. By the way, you don't have to stay on-line for ! 1 a full hour. The billing equipment usually logs charges in six minute COIIIPuServe increments. It is somewhat difficult to explain an HOMESERVICES "information utility" to someone who has not yet connected his computer to the telephone network. The preceding 1 News/WealherIS~ort. definition (a collection of information) 2 Reference Librarv 3 COIIII,un seems quite inadequate. icalions 4 Home Shoppin!l/Bankin. Rather than describe it, why don't you log onto CompuServe with me 5 Groups and Clubs and see what is available on the hun­ 6 Gallies and Entertain.ent dreds of menus sent to us over the 7 Education telephone line? 8 HOllie ManBse.ent I made the accompanying printout 9 Travel of a recent session on CompuServe. The first step is to dial the nearest port CampuServe Pa!le FIN-l You will hear the phone ring a couple BUSINESS AND FINANCIALSERVICES of times, then answer. After a couple of seconds, you should hear a pierc- Commander June 1983/7 ing whistle. When you have this, unplug the telephone handset and 1 News/Report.s plug in your VIC Modem. You will not 2 Reference Dat.8ba~~s see anything on your screen until you 3 COillbunicat.ions send CompuServe a Control C. This 4 Brokera~eServic~s is done (for most VIC and C64 terminal 5 Bankin~Services software) by depressing the F1 key . 6 Discussion Foru. The control character is echoed back 7 Travel Services to you and this is the first thing you see on your screen (and the accompany­ 8 Personal Finance ing listing). This is followed by a re­ quest for your user identification ColtIPuServe P8!1e PCS-1 number. As you can see, from the listing, my number is 71625,1620. The PERSONAL COMPUTINGSERVICES next step is to enter your secret password. Note that this is not echoed 1 News back to you, in case someone is look­ 2 Refer~nce ing over your shoulder. You would not 3 COllllllunicalions want them to know your security 4 Shop a t. HOllie number any more than you would for 5 Groups and Clubs your bank card. 6 PrO!lra ...... er's Area At this pOint. you are logged into a CIS. A short preamble tells you what COillPuServe Pa!le SFP-1 new information and features are available. This is followed by what is Services for Professionals called the "top menu" (CIS-1 in the listing) . You might think of the menu 1 A~ribusiness structure as a tree, with menu CIS-1 at 2 Aviat.ion the very tip-top. Each one of the selec­ 3 En~ineerin!l/Technical tions shows branches off to other . 4 Environ.ent.al menus (which sometimes lead to other 5 Lesfal menusl) 6 Medical To show you a broad cross section of the information available, I re­ COIiPuServe Pasfe CIS-4 quested each of the menus for the items on the top menu. At any point, USER INFORMATION where you see the exclamation mark 1 What.' s New prompt (!), you can either type in the 2 Coamand Sum.ars , Usasfe Tips selection number, the letter " m" for 3 FEEDBACK, Manuals, Product.s the previous menu, or the letter " t" to 4 Chansfinsf Ter.inal Defaulls set to the top menu and start allover. 5 Chansfinsf Your Password After each of the menus shown 6 Reviewin!l Your Char!les (HOM-1 , FIN -1, PCS-1, SFP-1 , CISA), 7 ChanSins Credit. Card Info I entered an "m " to take me back to 8 Telephone Access NUlibers the top menu. However, I edited out 9 Current. Rat.es this repetitive menu so the listing re­ 10 Co~puServeViewpoint. quired as little space as possible in the 11 Elect.ronic Bounce Back magazine. Note that every information page ! So pcs-116 has a designator (for example, CIS-1 , PCS-1, etc.). If you know exactly where CompuServe Pasfe peS-11b you want to go, you can jump to the Reouest Recorded, page directly. This is what I did to get One Moment, to the Commodore SIG (special in­ Please terest group). If you have been follow­ Thank You for Waitin!i ing the listing, you will note that I Welcoae Commodore Co~pulers entered "go PCS-116" at the prompt. to CompuServe provides (both on-line a/C ommander June 1983 and by mail) a listing of each page. From previous experience, I knew the Name: Don Stoner 71625,1620 Commodore bulletin board entry page Las t on: 12-Mar-93 07:05:05 was PCS-116. Hi~h ms~t: 18055 There is a slight pause (One Mo­ ment Please) while CIS finds which You ar e user nuaber 60275 host computer that the information is Sys tem contains aeSSB.es on . After a few seconds, my keyboard 18548 to 19003 is connected to the Commodore data base. Their program knows who I am Funct io n: r. from my ID number, ad vises me the No marked aessa~espresent last time I was connected and what the high message number was during that Function: rr connection. It also tells me that I System contains aess •• es am the 60275th person to use the SIG 18548 to 19003 and what message numbers are Slartin~ messa~enuaber:9002 presently being stored (all old messages " drop off" the bottom of the t: 19002 Sec. 2 - Vendors pile like leaves on a tree) . Sb: VIC/C64 COMPAT? By entering an RM, I can retrieve 19-Mar-83 07:54:03 any messages marked to my attention. Fm: NEIL MCANALLY73225,263 Since there were none, I entered a RR To: COMMODOREBUS HACH. for reverse retrieval of messages. I listed out message 19002 from a fellow I'M CONSIDERINGREPLACING HY VIC named Neil to Commodore (the WITH A NEW64. I NEED'TO KNOW SYSOP, or system operator). At the WHETHERI CAN RUN VIC SOFTWAREON end of the message, I can either Con­ THE 64, AND WHETHER"Y VIC tinue, Reply or go to the Top. Select­ PERIPHRALS WILL FUNCTIONON THE ing " T" takes me back to the function NEWUNIT. CAN SOMEONEAT THE prompt. COMPANYSTRAIGHTEN HE OUT ON THESE Here again, I can go directly to the QUESTIONS? THANKSFOR YOUR TIME. entry page of another SIG. The pro­ SIGNED: NEIL MCANALLY73225,263. gram tells me the exit date and time and the number of the highest (C RE T): t. message I retrieved. Following this, I was transferred directly to page Function: ~o cea-450 CEM-45(l) the SIG for Computers and Electronics Magazine. Exitin~at 19-Mar-93 09:23:41 Again, I was transferred to another Last message on 5~st.e.:19004 host computer. This time , I found there Hig h message retrieved: 19004 was a message waiting for me. After Thank YOU for Co odore reading the message, I made an im­ visitin. •• mediate reply (RE). There is a whole CORIF-UServe Page CEH-450 " raft " of editing commands available if I make a mistake entering the Reauest Recorded. message or if I decide to change the One Moment, Please way I say something . By entering the Thank You Wait.ins blank line (depressing the RETURN for ke y, without having typed any W&11coRleto CEMSIG, V. lA( 46 ) characters), the program knows I am done and gives me the option of Name: DON STONER 71625,1620 editing , listing or saving the message. Last on: 19-Mar-93 09:21 :21 As you can see, I saved it, then log­ Hi~h 9357 ged off of CompuServe (not shown). msst: Once again , we are out of space, You are user nu~ber 21533 but I will be looking forward to seeing you here again next month . Until then , keep on telecommunicating. D Commander June 1983/9 Circle No. 19

Sysle~ conlains .essaSes AGiant Step 0950 lo 9418 forthe computeristI You have a messase wailinS: THE PAOmOlJEErl Opens up the world of modern elec­ t: 9382 Sec. 2 - Tl tronics, Now - a complete microde­ velopment system in a cartridge using Sb: VIC CASSETTE the Commodore VIC-20. You get 17-Mar-83 22:22:04 HEXKIT 1.(6for general purpose 8 bit microprocessor software develop­ Fm: EDWARDCOLE 74575,1466 ment, a 4K ROM emulator for testing program in circuits under develop­ ment plus an EPROM programmer Thes e messaSes have been .arked for making hard copy of programs. for relrieval wilh the RK co~~and AII-in-one cartridge with 100 page $19900 tutorial manual. Function: rill Gloucester Computer, Inc. 1 Blackburn Center, tt 9382 Sec. 2 - TI Gloucester MA 01930 Sb: VIC CASSETTE Phone 617-283-n19 17-Mar-83 22:22:04 Fro: EDWARDCOLE 74575,1466 To: DON STONER71625,1620

PLEASE GO INTO DETAIL ON THE VIC PROGRAMTHAT UPLOADS AND DOWNLOADS TO CASSETTE. IS THIS THE VICTERM-40~ I WOULDAPPRECIATE YOURHELP IN THIS MATTER••• BEST WISHES

(C RE T) (D=delele >: r'e Intelligent Software For 1 : Commodore Computers Hi Edward •• no, I lhink VicTer. 40 is du~b Copycalc Is on affordable electronic Jusl a ter.inal. spread-sheet which turns your video screen 2: into a window on a matrix of numbers. Cur­ However, lhis proSra. acetuallw "hand sor around the matrix. enter numbers; the totals reflect the changes. You can save the shakes" CompuServe matrix to disk or tope. or print it or your 3: printer. For S20 (S15 with another program). this program might justify the cost of your while il du.ps lhe downloaded dele to computer. Requires 6k RAM; smaller version lhe Dalaselle. It available for a standard VIC. Word Processor Plus was not designed 4: to be on expensive toy; it was designed will be announced bw Bwtesize Micro solely to facilitate correspondence. for a Technoloss next ~onth wide range of personal and business uses. quickly and easily, with a minimum of train­ 5: ing and frustration on the port of its user. for aboul $19.95. Works with 3.8K and at the least possible cost. both In hard­ ware and software. The most thoroughly of me~ors. Will keep tested, useable word processor available 6: at anywhere near the price, 525; 10k RAM, ~ou pas led. ReSards dIs printer req'd.; RS-232Cversion available for VIC and 64. Also available : Baseball Manager, a sporis-documentation program; and Inven­ tory, a perpetual inventory control program for a small retail business (various reports, Leave option: s multiple vendors); S30 each; 10k RAM req'd" printer suggested. All programs will load and run on any MessaSe t 9419 Slored Commodore computer; all support tope. disk, and printer. Prices Include documentation and ship­ ping; Calif. residents odd 6% . Please specify hardware configuration when ordering. Sorry, no games available.

Willam Robbins, Box 3745. San Ratael. CA 9~912

Circle No 20 10/Commander June 1983 TM

by APROPOS The ONLY MEMORY your VIC-20® will need

FEATURES • A full 27k bytes of RAM (added to VICs 5k equals 32k.) • Fully switch able in sections: BLK 1 switches 8k (Adr. 8192 to 16383) BLK 2 switches 8k (Adr. 16384 to 24575) BLK 3 switches 8k (Adr. 24576 to 32767) BLK 5 allows/disallows your 8k ROM (games) (Adr. 40960 to 49152) RAM switches 3k (Adr. 1024 to 4095) • May be used with Super Expander® games or ANY other VIC-20 compatible cartridge. • Built in RESET switch. • Fuse protected. • Totally self-contained. • 2 duplicate extension connectors for any device SOFTWARE normally plugged into the expansion port. DR. FLOYD (BLK 5 is switched to connectors) Psychoanalysis by computer? - well, not quite. but Dr. Floyd will • Very low power usage. (.150 amp max.) carry on a conversation with you using psychoanalytic techniques • High reliability gold plated connectors. giving the appearance of artificial intelligence. Requires 16k RAM • 6 month parts and labor warranty. or more. • Factory service. - Extended service always available. $14.95 shipping included. THIS SUPERB PLUG-IN GIVES YOUR VIC-20 WORDPLAY REAL POWER AND EXPANDABILITY "WORDPLAY" is a collection of programs which allow the user to make original stories, write a form of Japanese poetry. play the fun FOR ONLY $149.00 Shipping included game of Animal (children love this one), and create jargon. A 1 0 DAY SATISFACTION OR YOUR MONEY BACK GUARANTEE bonus secret messa~e(cypher) program is also included. In a word, "WORDPLAY' is a bargain. Already own an 8k Expander? The new 19k RAMAX Requires 16k RAM or more. JR." allows you to use your 8k Expander as BLK3 to $14.95 shipping included. get the full compliment of memory. Complete instruc­ TYPE FOR YOUR LIFE tions Included. Only $129. Includes shipping. With more challenge than an arcade game, learn to type up to 75+ WE SERVICE WHAT WE SELL words/min. (User selectable, but no FOOLING AROUND allowed). TEXT IS WIDELY VARIED SINCE IT COMES FROM THE TO ORDER: PROGRAM TAPE. Action color graphics with sound fix your eyes Send Check or Money Order For the Total to the screen (away from your fingers - clever!) Your man rows Calif. residents add 6% tax. your boat up stream as fast as you can type. Maintain speed and destroy the Sea Monster; slow down and he will get you. Runs on Phone orders: CALL (805) 482-360424 HRS. the unexpanded VIC. For credit card orders, Include all information on card. $14.95 shipping included. or contact your local dealer. All software is on high quality cassettes and is replacement guaranteed. Foreign orders, add $15.00. VIC-20 & SUPER EXPANDER are registered All items shipped from stock. trademarks of Commodore Business Machines. Inc. DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME • 350 N. Ave., 821 Lantana Suite __ APROPOSTECHNOLOGy ____ ca_ma_rill_o,C_A_930_10 __ ~~ Circle No. 37 ponents, After this recovery one would Data Base Files normally go to some analysis program rather than just printing a list. I In creating the table you are first ask­ I-- l- f-- I-- r- r-r- I-- ed to INPUT the month as three leiters fo- I- I-- l- t- r-- l- tt= l- t- (subroutine 1(lJ(lJ(lJ(lJ) . then the year as I-- '-- '- 2 digits (line 2220). This is followed by f-- - a print of the table heading and a re­ I-- .------" - R- - '- tJr=t I quest for inputs under each item of -----1 ( DAY, PRICE, ADVANCES and DE­ J------L, I CLINES, Preceding each DAY is ( ~ I f"I..-.-J printed a number (K) starting with one 1 c (1) which keeps track of the number I I I I I of line entries and is used as a line 1. I I I -:1 I reference for the data for each date, ( This subprogram is contained in lines I I I I I 2200-2360, To terminate the data en­ ( try you are instructed to enter DONE r- u which returns the program to the ~ menu. The three components of the r I :1>+ data are entered as strings and these together with the numerical values for by Claud E. Cleeton P, AD , and DE, converted to strings, Bellevue, WA are added (concatenated) in line 2320 as Y$(K) , The symbols # and * are A program is described for creating panded if desired, The listing given will field separators, All the data for a given a file of dated entries of stock market run on a PET with only 8K RAM, but date is then contained in Y$(K) with K data that is often used in market the amount of data which can be providing a serial number correspond­ analysis, Techniques for assembling stored is limited, With more memory ing to the date, Line 2260 adds a zero the data in strings, saving on tape files available, the data handling capabil­ ahead of each day number less than for future use, and recovery of specific ity can be extended simply by increas­ 1(lJ so that each day is two characters items are discussed, The program also ing the Dimensions in line 4(lJ,With 16K long, The complete date is thus provides for adding to the data list or memory, daily data for over a year can located in the first seven characters of modifying it. The program as listed will be stored along with additional pro­ Y$ and is recovered in line 2330 as run on any PET with 8K RAM , Techni­ gramming for analysis. DT$ . ques useful in other programs are The program is menu driven, pro­ Collecting the various components pointed out. viding the following selections (see in a single string simplifies the hand­ There are many computer applica­ lines 2010-2075). ling procedures, When the individual tions utilizing an extensive data base components are of known length, as CREATE DATA TABLE such as a time series for analysis of in the date. each may be recovered by READ DATA TABLE trends, This program is designed to a LEFT$ or MID$ function, The re­ SAVE DATA ON TAPE generate such a data base, update it, maining three components are of ADD TO DATA TABLE modify or select portions of the data, unknown length , hence the need for SELECT DATA and store the data in a tape file for later the field separators, The separation CORRECT DATA ERROR use, A number of programming tech­ technique is illustrated in lines PRINT DATA TABLE niques are illustrated by this program 3300-3410. FOR-NEXT loops are us­ and will be specifically described as an These items are largely self explana­ ed to find the field separator and the aid to other programming applica­ tory. The item SELECT DATA permits component is then found by a MID$ tions, Programming is in BASIC and one to select a block of data from the function, As each component is found, can be followed by the beginning pro­ total series. It is useful for discarding the next FOR-NEXT loop may start grammer, old data to shorten the series, but it from the previous separator, If this is The example given here is taken can also select a block within the done, the separator symbols may be from my stock market analysis pro­ series. The selected block can be repeated. Fixed length components grams where a time series of stock saved in a tape file as a part of a new may also be located at the end of the market data is built up consisting of series, When read back, it becomes string and found by RIGHT$ and MID$ date, price (P), number of stocks ad­ the main table, The PRINT DATA calls measured from the length of the vancing (AD) and number of stocks TABLE selection is given merely to string (LN) , declining (DE), The items may be ex- demonstrate recovery of the data com - Another useful technique is demon- 12/Commander June 1983 strated in creating the data file which reference number is recorded as KM 2430 and 3040) and should be clos­ saves inputs of repetitive values. The and the last date as LD$ (line 1300). ed when the operation is completed. program may use daily or fairly fre­ When the data is saved on tape, lines The reading program must corres­ quent time intervals. Once the starting 3000-3120, the number of items is first pond exactly to the saving program, year and month are entered only the entered in the file for it will be needed that is, the order of the items must be day is called for. Since the value of the when the file is read, lines 2400-2530. the same. The designation of the day values increase during the month, In this program there is a choice of files variables may differ, but not the when a day number less than the to be saved, either the complete file Y$ character, that is, strings must corres­ previous number is encountered, line or a selected portion Z$. The number pond to strings and numbers to 2270 senses this and the subroutine of items saved is MX which is either the numbers. 1000 is called asking for the new number KM in the complete table or The listing that follows can be keyed month to be entered. When this oc­ KS, the number in the selected table. into most any computer using BASIC curs, line 2270 also notes when the Likewise, the last date saved is DT$ with only minor changes. The changes new month is JAN and automatically corresponding to either LD$ or LS$. which you would probably need to adds one to the year number. This This last date saved is DT$ correspon­ make are the clear screen instruction technique materially reduces the key­ ding to either LD$ or LS$. This last which is CHR$(147) here and the cur­ strokes needed for inputting a series date is important when adding to a file sor control shift up one CHR$(145) ot dates. to denote the starting point for the new found in lines 2290-2310. Also, the file When the data series is terminated data. handling instructions must conform to by entering DONE, the last data The files must first be opened (lines the part,icular computer. 0

10 REM DATA BASE FILES 20 CT$="ENTER CONT WHEN READY":ER$="ERROR" 40 DIM Y$(SO),D(SO),K(SO),D$(SO),Z$(SO):60TO 2000 60 PRINT"NO. DATE PRICE ADVANCES DECLINES":RETURN 70 PRINT"NUMBER OF DATA ENTRIES=";KM:RETURN 80 PRINT"LAST DATE =";LD$:RETURN 90 PRINT"INSERT DATA CASSETTE. ":RETURN 100 D$(K)=LEFTS(Y$(K),2):D(K)=VALCD$(K» lOS M$=MID$(YS(K),3,3):YRS=MIDS(Y$(K),6,2):RETURN 110 PRINT, "VALUE TOO LAR6E":RETURN 200 IF A$="1I60TO 200 210 60TO· 2000 1000 PRINT:INPUT"MONTH <3 LETTERS>";M$:PRINT 100S IF LEN(M$)<>3 THEN PRINT ER$:60TO 1000 1010 RETURN 1020 PRINT TAB(lO);:INPUT"YEAR <2 DI6ITS>";YR$:PRINT 102S IF LEN(YRS)<>2 PRINT ER$:60TO 1020 1030 RETURN 1050 YR=VAL(YR$):YR=YR+l:YR$=STRS(YR):YRS=RI6HT$(YRS,2):RETURN 1100 PRINT CHR$(147):PRINT,"* CREATE DATA TABLE ''':RETURN 1200 PRINT CHR$(147),'" TO CORRECT ERROR ,":6=1 1210 PRINT"RETYPE DATA FOR THIS ITEM": INPUT" ITEM NUMBER";K 1220 60SUB 100:60TO 2240 1300 KM=K-l:D$=STR$(D(KM»:LDS=D$+M$+YR$:6=0:GOSUB 80 2000 PRINT CHR$(147), " •• DATA FILE ,,":PRINT 2005 PRINT TAB(12);"SUBPR06RAMS":PRINT:6=0 2010 PRINT"TO SELECT SUBPROGRAM,""IIENTER II:PRINT 2020 PRINT, "CREATE DATA TABLE", "1" 2030 PRINT, "READ DATA TAPE",,"2" 2040 PRINT, "SAVE DATA ON TAPEII,"3":PRINT 2050 PRINT, "ADD TO DATA TABLE", "4" 2060 PRINT, "SELECT DATA",,"S" 2070 PRINT, "CORRECT DATA ERROR", "6":PRINT 2075 PRINT, "PRINT DATA TABLE", "7" 2080 INPUT I 2090 ON I GOTO 2200,2400,3000,2800,3200,1200,3300

Commander June 1983/13 2200 GOSUB 1100:M$= .... :K=1 2210 IF M$= .... THEN GOSUB 1000 2220 INPUT"YEAR <2 DI6ITS>";YR$ 2225 IF LENCYR$)<>2 THEN PRINT ER$:GOT02220 2230 GOSUB 1100:PRINT"WHEN FINISHED, ENTER DONE FOR DAY" 2235 IF G=O THEN GOSUB 80 2240 GOSUB 60:PRINT K;:INPUT"DAY";D$:IF D$="DONE"THEN 1300 2250 VL=VALCD$):IF VLKM THEN BOSUB 110:GOTO 3230

14/Commander June 1983 3250 FOR 1=1 TO L-S+1 3260 Z$(1)=Y$(S+1-1): PLAYFULMADE USEFUL NEXT Stop playing games and start programming your 3270 KS=I-1:LS$=LEFT$ n (Z$(I-1),7):GOTO 2000 Commodore® with PC-CocuMate ., the keyboard template designed with the new programmer in 3300 GOSUB 70:GOSUB n mind. PC-CocuMate • surrounds the keyboard 80:GOSUB 60 with logically formatted, comprehensive reference FOR TO KM 3310 J=1 data. The essential information you need IS at your 3320 DT$=LEFT$(Y$(J), fingertips. Programming your VIC-20® or Commo­ 7):LN=LEN(Y$(J» dore 64® has never been easier. Order your PC­ 3330 FOR K1=8 TO LN: n IF MID$(Y$(J),K1,1) DocuMate • today for only $12.951 BASIC statements and ="#"THEN 3350 options are documented 3340 NEXT 3350 P=VAL(MID$(Y$(J) ,9, K1-9) ) Complete reference for 3360 FOR K2=K1 TO LN: MUSIC programming IF MID$(Y$(J),K2,1)= ..... THEN 3380 3370 NEXT 3380 AD=VAL(MID$(Y$ (J),K1+2,K2-K1-2» 3390 DE=VAL(MID$(Y$ (J),K2+2,LN-K2-1» 3400 PRINT J;TAB(3); DT$;TAB(12);P;TAB (21);AD;TAB(31);DE 3410 NEXT J 3500 PR1NT:PRINT "ENTER CONT":STOP: GOT02000

FEATURES ATTENTION OWNERS OF • Control keys defined • BASIC language reference (Commands/Statements/ (= commodore Functions) VIC::201M • Music programmingguide • Screen memory map • Color graphics reference Color and character • VIC-20® and CBM-64® SCREEN map defined versions

PC-DOCUMATE TO'ISONLY s12.95 (,ncludes shipp'ng) Huge Selection Please send personal check, money order, or credit card Fast Service-Low Prices information. Specify VIC-20® or Commodore-64® version. WRITEOR CALL FOR FREE CATALOG ------Foreign orders add $5.00 (excepi Canada). No COD's please. Telephone orders: Call 9191787 -7703. NCresodenlS add 4%sales tax. THESOFTWARE CLEARING HOUSE No-Risk, Moneyback OHer: If you are not completely Dept. C-1 , P.O. Box 68756 Indianapolis, IN 46268 satisfied, return your PC-DocuMate™to us (undamaged) within (317) 353-4855 10 days for a full refund. CEJIffi l NAME______ADDRESS______CITY ______STATE ZIP_ -----:-__ __ MasterCard & Visa Accepted Circle No. 65 Circle No. 61 Commander June 1983/15 An Introduction to Assembly Language Programming on the VIC-20 Part VJ- More Branches by Eric Giguere Alberta, Canada

Last month my column concen­ LOA $121C for VIC/C64 trated on branches and comparisons BMI ERROR LOOP LOA $C5 in assembly language, as well as a bit • CMP #$4Ql on loops. Unfortunately, I ran out of • BEQ LOOP space before I could explain all the re­ In this example the computer will for PET/C BM maining branch instructions and get branch to the routine labelled ERROR LOOP LOA $97 into more detail on loops. So this (not shown here) only if the value in CMP #$FF month I won't get into another topic, $121 C is greater than $7F, and is thus BEQ LOOP but simply continue where I left oH last negative. If the BMI was changed to Location $C5 ($97 in PET/CBM) is month. BPL, the branch would occur on a a location in memory that holds the value less than $8Ql Bee and BeS current value of the key currentl y be­ BVe and BVS ing pressed If no key is being press­ These two instructions cause the These two Instructions are used to ed, it holds a value of $4Ql ($FF In computer to branch if the carry bit in detect an overflow via the V flag in the PET/C BM) What the program does, the status register is clear (Ql)or set (1), status regi ster An overflow occurs then, is load the accumulator with the respectively. The carry bit is used wh en two binary numbers of the same va lue in $C5 (or $97) and then use a mainly with the math instructions, and sign are added and the sum has the CMP to check if a key is being press­ since I'm going to discuss those next opposite sign This is not necessarily ed or not. If a key is being held, the month, I'll leave these for then an error condition, but sometimes computer will leave the loop and con­ BMI and BPL wh en you add signed numbers you tinue wi th the code after the example don't want this (it doesn't make any dif­ These two instructions cause a Otherwise it will simply continue ference if you don't care about the branch if the N flag in the status loading the accumulator and compar­ signs of the numbers). Also, an register has the proper setting The N ing until you do press a key You can overflow will only happen if the two the same thing from BASIC using flag determines if a byte is positive do values together exceed the allowable ($QlQl-7F) or negative ($8Ql-$FF), and the following range for signed numbers ( - 128 to relates directly to bit 7 of a byte. For 10 A = PEEK(197)IFA = 64THEN 1Ql + 127). An example is adding - 128 example, loading the accumulator with REM FOR VIC/C64 to - 128 $FE would set the N flag, because bit 1(JJ A =PEEK (151 ) IFA= 7 is on : sign 255THEN1(JJ:REM for PET/C BM (JJ Ql Ql Ql Ql( - 128) Ql Ql Ql $FE = % 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I could have coded It as 1(JJ plus (JJ Ql Ql Ql(JJ (JJQl( - 128) Loading a register with a positive IFPEEK(1 97) =64THEN1(JJ (for VIC/ QlQlQlQlQlQlQlQl number (one without bit 7 set) would C64), but I Just wanted to make it clear the N flag . BMI is the branch that extra bit ignored, so value becomes resemble the machine language code works If the N flag is set, while BPL %(JJ(JJ(JJ(JJ(JJ(JJQlQl as much as possible, so I " loaded" the works if clear. It 's easy to remember As you can see, the resu ltant from variable A with th e valu e and then did how these two work because BMI and this addition is % QlQlQlQlQlQlQlQl,and a comparison and branch. You might BPL stand for Branch on Minus and causes th e overflow flag to be set, also find it easier to think of the Branch on PLus, respectively Thus because we added two negative registers as " variables ,. The accumu­ you know that a number with bit 7 set numbers and the result is considered lator would become A, the X- and Y­ will branch on BM I because this positive. Again, more on this in some registers X and Y, and the status means that it is negative BPL works future column. register S, subdivided into C,N ,V and in a simi lar fashion, except it operates Using Branches z. If this helps you to understand what on positive numbers You can use Last month I briefly discussed using I'm talking about, then by all means these instructions in a program to branches to create loops These loops use it. check if a value is wi thin a certain can be used for practical purposes Getting back to our little program, range, as such within a program, as such we can alter It very easily to wait for 16/Comrnander June 1983 you to press a certain key and ignore (This program starts at $Q)33c - 828 screen. So if the accumulator has a all others. The new program is as dec. - and will work on all machines, value of $3Q), it will print a zero (the follows since it starts in the cassette buffer. number zero) to the screen, since VIC/C64 Just remember to replace xx with the ASCII $3Q) (48) is the code for a zero. LOOP LOA $C5 value you want to use.) The program will then branch back via CMP #$xx a BNE (the accumulator doesn't hold BNE LOOP Printing a Message a zero ($00)) to increase the X-register PET/CBM Remember two columns back when and print the next character if not a LOOP LOA $97 I gave you monitor listings that plac­ zero. If you're not quite certain how it CMP #$xx ed a message onto the screen? It was works, perhaps this BASIC equivalent BNE LOOP a long listing and really amounted to will clarify it for you . It follows the nothing, since all it was doing was machine language routine line for line All we did was change the CMP and POKEing each letter in the message except for the defining of the message, the BEQ Now the computer will wait to the screen, as if you had said in which is done in line 1 instead of lines until you press the key that has the BASIC POKE 768Q), 34: POKE 7681, 18 and 19 value of xx (you put in the value you 45 ... etc. It's very inefficient but since 1 ME$="HELLO " +CHR$(13)+ want) Anything else will be ignored. we only knew how to load and store CHR$(Q») To find out what value to use, RUN the registers, it was all we could really do 9 X = Q) following short routine: at the time (how would you have felt 1Q) X = X + 1 1Q) PRINTPEEK(197):GOT01Q) if I had thrown in a few branches 11 A$ = MIO$(ME$,X, 1) REM FOR VIC/C64 without explaining what they were? 12 IFASC(A$) = Q)THEN15

1Q) PRINTPEEK(151):GOT01Q): .) But now we have learned about 13 PRINT A$ REM FOR PET/C BM branches, so we can make a routine 14 GOTO 1Q) to print messages using these wonder­ 15 RETURN REM if called as a Your screen should fill with numbers. ful statements. Program 1 is that subroutine. The program prints out the current routine. It starts at $Q)33C and outputs value of the key being pressed by PRINT ME$ would be faster and more characters to the screen one at a time PEEKing location 197 (151 for efficient, but I just wanted to show you until it encounters a zero byte. You PET/CBM). As long as you don't press the logic behind the program might find it useful Following is a a key, the value from that location detailed explanation of how it works. A Scrolling Routine (which I've named KEYMAT) should The message to be printed consists My final program for this month is a be 64 for the VIC/C64, or 255 for of the word "HELLO" and a carriage little routine to scroll the screen one PET/CBM. Now press a key; the value return (ASCII 13), which are placed in­ position to the left. It will only work on changes. Find the key you wish to use, to memory along with a zero byte, the VIC, but you can learn a lot just be press it, and note its value. Then which indicates the end of the examining it and trying to figure out replace the variable xx in the machine message Lines 18 and 19 of the how it works Gust remember the VIC language program with that value. For disassembly do this, at the same time has a 22-column screen). If you VIC example, on the VIC/C64 the space giving the start of the message the owners want to use it, simply type in bar's value if pressed is 32. If we place label MESSGE (as if we were assign­ the BASIC loader program given. this in the program instead of xx, the ing a string variable in BASIC) The X­ SYS7168 will scroll the screen one CMP instruction will read CMP #$2Q) register is used as a pointer to the position to the left. A line like ($2Q) = 32). Now the program will loop next character to be loaded. This is 2Q) FORI = n022SYS7168 NEXT until you press the spacebar. Wasn 't achieved with the instruction LOA will scroll the whole screen out of sight. that neat? (You can also use this in MESSGE ,X, which wi ll load the ac­ The program doesn't need to be left BASIC, instead of GET. Just use the cumulator from the address pointed to at 7168 either. You can put it statement X = PEEK(197) and a few by MESSGE plus the value of the X­ anywhere in free memory without IF .. THEN statements to check for a register. A BEQ then tests to see if the changing it by replacing the proper value. The nice thing about it value loaded was zero (we don't need POKE7168+I ,A in line 1~ with is that it repeats and ignores the shift to do a CMP #$Q)Q)-remember?), and POKExxxx + I,A where XXXX = the key, so you don't have to worry about if so, exits the routine by branching to location you want it in . Just remember these) the RTS statement (RTS IS like saying to SYS to this new location to activate The monitor listing for this program RETURN in BASIC-it ReTurnS you it, otherwise the computer could freeze is as follows: from a subroutine). Otherwise, a JSR up. VIC/C64 Gump to subroutine, like GOSUB in Before explaining a bit of how the .033c a5 c5 c9 xx dQ) BASIC) is made to a routine in ROM program works, I have to make a com­ .03 41 fa Q)Q)Q)Q) Q)Q) Q)Q) at $FF02 which is present in all Com­ ment about it it isn't very efficient. I PET/CBM modore computers and prints the have a better routine to scroll the . :033c a5 97 c9 xx dQ) fa Q)Q) Q)Q) ASCII value of the accumulator to the screen, but it uses addition instruc- Commander June 1983/17 tions, and since we haven 't covered these yet, I felt It best to write a pro­ gram to exclude these. So although the routine isn't the best there is, it does make good use of the concepts Jointhe we've learned so far. Comments Basically, what SCROLL LEFT does is move each character on a line on parade position left and place a blank in the last (22nd) position It does this for every line until it reaches the end of screen memory, at which time it to returns to BASIC . It uses the indirect indexed addressing mode to move screen memory around. The Y-register is the pointer to the next byte to be moved, and locations $0 and $1 hold the indirect address $1 E00 or $1 F00 , the two pages of screen memory. It has to make several checks to deter­ mine when it reaches the end of a line, and when to leave the program . An in­ teresting piece of code is found in lines 'Micro-Ed 35 and 36 CLC BCC LOOP The instruction CLC clears (sets to 0) the carry flag. Because the carry is now clear, the program is forced to branch back to LOOP. It's like saying in BASIC C=0:IFC=0THENGOTO 100, or something similar. I just thought I'd mention this to you. Next Month Next month we're going to explore the intricate world of mathematical functions in assembly language, so be sure to pick up the next issue of educational Commander.O software Send for free catalogs Specify: Pet • VIC • Commodore 64 telephone us at 612-926-2292

oPET _.- c,- Micro-Ed Inc. P.O. Box 24156 Minneapolis, MN 55424

Circle No 26 l8/ Commander June 1983 PROGRAM1 PROGRAM#2 - SCROLL LEFT

1 ***************** 2 * PRINT MESSAGE* 10 FORI=0T057:READA:POKE7168+I~A:NEXT 3 *****************t00 DATA169.0.133.0.169.30.133.1.160. 4 1.162.0.177.0.136.145.0.200.200.192.0 ~ 110 DATA208)9.230.1.165.1.201.32.208.16.96. 6 232.224.21.208.231.169.32.136.145 7 ORG S033C '20 DRTA0.200.200.24.144.219.173.0.31.141. ;CASSETTE BUFFER 2~~)30)200.232.232.208)210 (828 DEC.) READY. e , DISASSEMBLYOF PROGRAM#2 9 LDX #IFF 1 ******~******** ;XcPOINTER 2 * SCROLL LEFT * 10 LOOP INX 3 **~**.********* 11 LDA MESSGE.X 4 ;OET NEXT CHARACTER 5 12 BEQ EXIT 6 ;IF 0 THEN EXIT 7 ORG $lC00 ;STARTS AT 7168 DEC. 13 JSR $FFD2 8 • ;PRINT CHARACTER 9 START LDA #$00 ;PUT SCREEN ADDRESS 14 ENE LOOP 10 STA $00 ;$lE00 (7680) ;NEVER ZERO. IN LOCATIONS SO GO BACK TO LOOP 11 LDA #$lE ;$0 AND $1 15 EXIT RTS (IN REV. ORDER) 16 ; 12 STA 501 j .,.~,' LDY #$01 ; INITIALIZE POINTERS 17 ~ 18 MESSGE ABC .HELLO. 14 LOOP LDX #$00 19 BYT 13.0 15 GETCHR LD8 ($00)JY;GET FIRST CHARACTER 16 DEY ;CARRIAOE RETURN 17 STA ($00) ;STORE IT ONE AND ZERO A COLUMNBACK 18 INY 19 INY 20 CPY #$00 ;MOVE POINTER TO NEXT 21 BNE NEXTCO ; CHARACTER 22 INC $01 23 LDA $01 24 CMP #$20 ; INCREMENTBASE ADDRESS 25 BNE PAGE ;TO NOWPOINT TO $1F00 26 RTS ;IS IT NOW$2000? 27 NEXTCO INX ;NO. GOTO PAGE 28 CPX #21 ;RETURN TO BASIC 29 ENE GETCHR 30 LDA #$20 ;22 COLUMNS? 31 DEY 32 STA ($00).Y 33 INY 34 INY ;PUT A BLANK IN THE LAST COLUMN 35 CLC 36 BCC LOOP ;MOVE POINTER TO NEXT LINE 87 PAGE LDA $IF00 ;CLEAR CARRYTO FORCE A RETURN 38 STA $lEFF ;WITH Bce 39 INY ;GET CHAR 40 INX ;AND STORE IT oNE POSITION BACK 41 INX 42 BNE GETCHR ; INCREMENTPOINTERS APPROPRIATELY ;WILL ALWAYSBRANCH TO GETCHR ABEL 2.6

by Colin F, Thompson Santa Monica, CA

I traded in my Apple// + on a Management System was not cheap enough for Jim Kirk, it's good enough VIC-20 No, this isn't a sCience fiction or easy to learn. I had no program­ for me. tale. The story begins nearly two years ming skills, but I was willing to learn. In the next two weeks, I emerged ago when the recession was in full A year passed and my proposal was from my apartment only once. I bloom. Economic times were tough; I accepted on a trial basis. We would bought a disk drive and returned was looking for ways to cut costs in our lease the hardware for 6 months for quickly. My two week visit inside the department. My primary target for cost $1800. VIC revealed one astounding fact the cutting was a 30-page cross-reference I spent two months learning DB VIC is the technological superior of the list, used by thousands of our dealers Master, and setting it up. The first com­ Apple. If I could find the right sohware and salesmen across the country. I puter generated list was well received . for the job, the list could be done on relied on the list in my daily work, and It was up-to-date and legible The list my little "Game Machine." I submitted knew it was never up-to-date and not was printed two times in the next four a proposal to the company Alii need­ too accurate. Once a year the list was months. Each list was more accurate ed was a good $500 printer. To my updated , typed by a secretary, sent to than the last. I was having a blast with surprise the proposal was promptly ac­ the printers and typeset. 15,000 the Apple, learning BASIC and, yes, cepted. I think others were suffering copies were printed and distributed. playing some games. At last the lease without an up-to-date list also. I bought Each update required hundreds of expired, and I was informed the an NEC 8023A printer (with the Com­ man-hours of research, and the type­ $6,000 purchase price for the Apple pany's $500) and began the search setting charges were astronomical. I was not in the budget, leaving me for software. could find no reason it needed to be without a computer. I began with­ typeset. The worst part of this opera­ drawal symptoms immediately Enter the Chicken tion was that the once-a-year update Most software companies I called was too infrequent. The list was out­ thought I was deranged for attempting dated soon after it was printed. This Capt. Kirk- to use the VIC in the office. I wasted looked like a job for a computer. Call the Computer Room nearly two months looking for a To my horror, I found I was hooked database manager for the VIC. My on computing. Days later , as I listlessly boss, 3000 miles away, started calling Apple Fever watched TV, Captain James T. Kirk in­ me daily, asking when the list would After doing a month's research on troduced me to the " Wonder Com­ be ready. He expected to see results microcomputers and software, I sub­ puter of the Eighties." The computer sometime during his lifetime. It was mi_tted a proposal. I could do the en­ junkie in me forced my body off the clearly time to re-evaluate my sohware tire job on an Apple// +, print the list couch and out to the nearest VIC store. needs. Aher carefully laying out the job on a dot matrix printer and deliver I gazed longingly at the full-sized requirements on paper, I got a pleas­ camera-ready copy to the printers. The keyboard, asked questions and read ant surprise: a database manager was data would remain on disk and be the owner's manual The 22 giant not necessary. I needed a list easily updated. I chose Stoneware's characters on each line seemed manager. List managers are a cross DB Master as the software to do the strange, but that didn't prevent me between mailing label programs and job. At $250 , the Relational Data Base from buying my VIC. If it's good database managers. 20/Commander June 1983 The list consisted of 1100 records screen and character colors and the each line The added space allowed (printed lines), and seven fields per printer's logical file number. (My NEC more data and comments. Now that record. Each printed page had a title, uses LFN 130 instead of the usual 4) I had a program that printed labels date, page number, and column My next change challenged my sideways, I found lots of uses for it. For headings This kind of job was child's modest programming skills. I wanted example, I changed our customer file play for DB Master, but comparable to print the same label more than into a telephone book. I soon had software for the VIC did not exist. My once. TL didn't have this option, so I more than 20 versions of the program previous software search had turned broke in and made some changes. printing different lists. My boss was up a mailing label program that met The secretaries had asked for about elated; he wasn't too sure that I could some of the requirements It would 100 labels of each name TL printed replace an Apple with a VIC . print any number of lines, alphabetic­ each name in the list once, requiring At long last the project was com­ ally sorted, and each line could have me to print each list 100 times . That's plete I benefited from this job in an any number of fields. not very efficient. To solve the problem unexpected way At the start I was a That would be a good start. All I had I wrapped a for-next loop around the novice programmer, and ended up to add was the title, page numbers, print statement, changed the print with a lot of confidence and now rate etc. For a novice programmer, this menu and much to my amazement, it myself an intermediate level program­ was a monumental project. My call to worked. After this change was made mer. It was worth the effort. TOTL Software to order the cassette I could ask for 100 of each label to be based TOTL LABEL 10 was answer­ printed before TL went on to the next ed by a pleasant woman who turned label in the list. Using TOTL.LABEL out to be the author, Ann Palmer­ I had convinced the company to Even though TL can store its files on McCarty I told her of my plans and buy the NEC printer by offering to use disk, it is not a random access pro­ she thought it could be done by a skill­ the VIC to print a large list. The list had gram. It uses sequential files on both ed programmer. I ordered it anyway. 1100 lines of data, alphabetically sort­ tape and disk. To change or add a ed Each line was 130 columns wide label you must load the entire file into Duck Soup and had seven fields. I began the job memory. This is a time consuming by defining a label with eight lines the event. Changes can be made easily To get the time I needed to modify the program, I tried a bit of misdirec­ first for alphabetizing, and seven for after the file is loaded, but if there are tion. I called the secretaries of each of data. My first programming task was more than 40 or 50 labels in a file, the the company officers and offered to to make each line of the label print loading time is fairly long. Most other AFTER the last, not UNDER the last. operations such as printing or saving provide them with all the mailing labels are rapidly done. My 1100 line list, for they could ever use. They responded That was easily done by adding a example, takes over six hours to load with a total of about 1000 different semicolon after the print statement names. Before I began keying in all The next job was to separate each field and print. For several months, Ann these labels, my luck took a turn for the so they lined up under a column title. kept promising me a faster version Something with some machine lan­ better. The disk version, TOTL.LABEL The NEC has a Tab function which guage routines to speed up the Load 2.0 arrrived. That speeded up the pro­ was difficult to understand, but I final­ and Browse functions. A few weeks cess considerably. Within two weeks, ly made it space the fields properly. secretaries allover the country were The page title and column headings ago, I was surprised and pleased with getting their labels. At last the NEC proved to be troublesome, but event­ I opened my mail and found a diskette marked TOTL.LABEL 2.1. printer was earning its keep As a side ually everything lined up correctly The benefit, I was by then, completely last hurdle was the tallest. I wanted to print 57 lines of data on familiar with the operation of the pro­ Chickspeed gram. The diversion seemed to work. each page, then skip three lines, print TL2.1 has two sections. The MIL My boss stopped calling when his the column titles and print another 57 loader, Chickspeed, is loaded first. It secretary got her labels lines. I wrote a complex subroutine to count lines, interrupt the print routine, stores some MIL routines at the top of check status, change printer codes, memory, resets all pointers and auto­ Breaking and Entering print the title and page number and matically loads the BASIC TL2.1 . The I'm never completely satisfied with turn on the coffee pot. It took me three entire process takes about one minute any program I buy. I like to go into a months to make the changes and Once Chickspeed is in place, it doesn't program and tinker. By making another month to enter the data. have to be loaded again, unless you changes to commercial programs, I turn off power to the computer. I did improve my programming skills and some comparison tests matching 20 end up with a more useful program Success against 2.1. TOTL.LABEL 2.0 (TL) soon became The VIC generated list turned out to The results were better than I ex­ my favorite target for making changes be more useful than the Apple version pected For the test I used a label file My first foray into TL changed the because It had an extra 50 columns on with 100 labels in it. From disk TL2.0 Commander June 1983/21 loaded it in six mi nutes, 18 seconds might expect, the 64 version, TL2.6, ID's for the back of a picture or a photo TL2.1 loaded it in 29 seconds. Very im­ has more features than the VIC. album page; Name tags for luggage. pressive. Printing time was never a The C-64 version allows the RS-232 If you have a use for mailing labels problem with 20, but 2.1 is about 25% user to configure the channel from a I haven't mentioned, write and let me faster. Both versions have a feature menu It also prints multiple copies of know about it. Send examples. I'll called Browse. It allows you to see the labels next to each other Labels can assemble a list of the most creative first line of each label on the screen. be printed up to three wide and there uses and print it here in a couple of A number next to each line is used to is a report format that prints the data months. Let's hear from you. While Select a label to be printed, or Display for each label on one or two lines you are in a letter writing mood, let me the full label. The Browse had been across the page (sideways) . This know if there is a piece of Business or painfully slow before. TL2 .1 sped it up would be useful in making lists from Home Management software you so that the lines fairly fly onto the your data. Both have the machine would like to see reviewed. This is screen. language loader, will print to any really YOUR column. I know how diffi­ printer including an RS-232 , and will cult it is to buy software without first try­ do the Commodore to ASCII transla­ ing it. I'll answer all letters. Please in­ VIC Specs tion . 40/80 column boards can now be clude a SASE to Colin F. Thompson, TOTL.LABEL 2.1 is quite easy to used and the color variables are eas­ BASF Systems Corp. , 1307 Colorado learn. The manual is complete and ily changed to colors that look good Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90404 . printed with a good quality printer. I on your TV or monitor. used the manual for only a few days Its low cost and high versatility make Unfinished Business and then never looked at it again. The TOTL.LABEL 2.6 an excellent value, Last month 's review of Ouick Brown memory requirements are modest, whether you use it at home or in the Fox raised a point about the View func­ considering the power of the program. office . tion . When Viewing your document on TL2.0 needs 8K and the Chickspeed a 22 column VIC, OBF scrolls the first 21 needs 16K expansion Labels may few lines off the top of the screen. be printed 1 or 2 wide. If you are a What Else? Mailing labels can be stuck on Although it's a very minor complaint, registered owner of TL2 .0, you may things other than envelopes. If your I asked the manufacturer to look into upgrade to 2.1 for a small charge. printer can expand, condense, this lapse in an otherwise flawless pro­ Write to TOTL for the details. TOTL of­ gram. OBF's superb tech support staff fers a 30-day warranty against defec­ double-strike or print graphics, you can use those features on a label. The is still working on my complaint. tive tapes or diskettes followng is a list of some of the uses I make of labels Auto maintenance What Next? C-64 tags for oil changes, etc; Telephone Next month 's review will focus on a The C-64 owners who have skimm ­ number tags for the phone; Office ex­ "sp readsheet" p rog ram for th e ed this article looking for information tension or comm line numbers; File VIC-20 Of the many spreadsheets on on their 40 column wonders should tabs; Return address labels; Property the market, I chose Practicalc, from begin reading now. TOTL .LABEL is tags for equipment; Program titles for Computer Software Associates, to available for the C-64 also. As you cassettes and diskettes; Photograph make my life a little easier. 0

JOURNAL/20

A publication that shares your enthusiasm for the V1C-20. * Published every two weeks for $12 per year, JOURt04AL/20 has up-to-date news, reviews, and o~ '0 practical tips on hardware and o E E software. Send check or money­ o v order to: t: JOURNAL/20 r- PO Box 55 Van Alstyne, TX 75095

22/C ommander June 1983 Win A FREE Commodore 64™ Computer Can You Beat PARATROOPER? 10 Prize Winners A New Commodore 64 will be awarded to the person with the highest score. The winning entry must contain a photograph of the highest score of the game.

PARATROOPER ByNicDudzik REALISTIC SMOOTH ACTION AND TRUE HI-RES GRAPHICS

1st Prize CBM64 2nd Prize Disk Drive 3rd Prize $200 worth of Software 4th - 10th Prize $100 worth of Software

RULES PARA TROOPER a High Resolulion game that doesrl'tlet you make any mistakes. You are in command. Helicopters fill the sky. (and we mean fill the sky!). dropping 1. All entrtes must be mailed. as postmarks are required 10 determine dw earhest winning entry. In the paratroopers. Your mission is to keep 3 paratroopers from hilling the ground on either event 01 a lie the postmark WIll determine the winner. side of your gun. Butthat's just the beginning. You score by hilling the helicopters or the 2. Deadtine for entr"" i. July 3 t. 1983 paratroopi;rs. but if you miss a shot it subtracts from your score. Therefore. you must make every shot count to make a high score' IT HAS FOUR FAST ACTION LEVELS 3. Proof of purchase must be provided. Return your entry with package front and proof of purchase slip and photo. TO CHALLENGE THE BEST PLAYER. The High Resolution graphics helicoptors are fantastic. They look exactly like helicopters' The paratroopers are super realistic . Their 4. ENTRIES MUST BE MAILED TO: PARATROOPER CONTEST. P.O. Bo. 388. Lake Havasu Cny. AZ 86403 chutes open and then they drift down to earth. If this weren't~noughthe sounds are fantastic. There are helicopter blades whirring and you can hear the howitzer pumping S. Game (Onl(>5.1VOid where prohibited. shells. This game really show off the sound and graphic capabilities of you VIC. 6. Conte51 begIn. Apfli 2. 1983. Allentrie5 must be postmarked by July 31. 1983. Con'es' ends July 31. PARATROOPER IS OUR # I SELUNG ARCADE GAME. you've gat to see this game to 1983 believe it. $19.95 7. Winners....nll be notlhed by mail. Public nolKe of winners WIll be printed In thIS and other computer magazines. Order your copy today or see your dealer. 8. Only one entry per person please - all duplicates will be discarded, Will you get the top score? 9. There will be 10 winners for a lSI, 2nd & 3rd prize . Prizes for 4th · 10111wlll be for software. 10. Conlesl is limited 10 U.S.A .. Propert'les and Canada. only .

ComputerMat . P.O. Box 1664T . Lake Havasu City, Arizona 86403

Circle No. 12 ENTER THE GALACTIC EXPERIENCE WITH

- Galactic - GaJactk; - Software Software

We wouldn't settle for second best, so why should you? In this day, too many people are compromising quality for price. We feel that we have the alternative. Announcing THE MAILING LISTS, the most powerful programs of their kind. By being completely menu-driven , these programs are friendly and very easy to use. With each record containing name, address, city, state, zip code, telephone number, and several comments, you not only have a complete mailing list but also a small data base manager . With capabilities reaching into alphabetizing upon entry, sorting and searching on all fields , printing labels and printing complete records, you start to feel the Galactic Experience. Currently there are four versions to cover anybodies needs.

These are: The mailing list VIC-20' tape $25 .95 The mailing list VIC-20' Disk $27 .95 The mailing list 64 tape $27.95 The mailing list 64 Disk $29.95

To order, send check or money order to: Galactic Software P.O. Box 10516 San Jose, CA 95157

or phone (408) 247-4434 for COD or see your local dealer dealer inquiries invited

'VIC-20 and 64 are trade marks of Commodore Business Machines. COM.ST AR FIT

Deluxe • VERTICAL FORMAT CONTROL: program­ IMMEDIATE REPLACEMENT COMSTARFIT mable form length up to 127 lines, useful for WARRANTY PRINTER - S349.oo short or over-sized preprinted forms. The Comstar Is an excellent addition to. any If your printer falls because of warranty defect micro-computer system. (Interfaces are • FRICTION AND TRACTOR FEED: will accept within 180 days from the date of purchase you single sheet paper. available for Apple, VIC-2O, Commodore-64, simply send your printer to us via United Pet, Atarl 400 and 800, and Hewlett Packard) At Parcel Service prepaid. We will "Immediately" only 5349. the Com star gives you print quality • 224 TOTAL CHARACTERS send you a replacement printer at no charge and features found only on printers costing via United Parcel Service prepaid. This warran­ twice as much. Compare these features. • USES STANDARD SIZE PAPER ty applies to all products we sell because WE LOVE OUR CUSTOMERSI

• BI·DIRECTIONAL PRINTING with a LOGIC If you want more try _ SEEKING CARRIAGE CONTROL for higher 15 DAY FREE TRIAL through-put In actual text printing. 80 Premium Quality characters per seCond. COMSTAR FIT SUPER·10" OTHER OPTIONS PRINTER - $449 • PRINTING VERSATILITY: standard 96 ASCII Extra Ribbons ...... S 5.95 character set plus block graphics and Interna­ For S449.oo you get all of the features of the Roll Paper Holder ...... , ..... 32.95 tional scripts. An EPROM character generator Comstar plus 10" carriage, 100 cps, 9 x 9 dot Roll Paper ...... _. . . .. 4.95 Includes up to 224 characters. matrix with double strike capability for 18 x 18 5000 Labels ...... , .... 19.95 dotmatrlx. High resolution bit Image (120 x 144 1100 Sheets Fan Fold Paper ...... 13.95 • INTERFACE FLEXIBILITY: Centronics Is dot matrix), underlining, backspacing, 2.3K standard. Options Include EIA RS232C, 20mA buffer, left and right margin settings, true Add S20.oo shipping, handling and Insurance. Current Loop. (Add S2O.OOfor RS232) lower descenders, with super and subscripts, illinois residents please add 6% tax. Add and prints standard, Italic, Block Graphics, $40.00 for CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII, • LONG LIFE PRINT HEAP: 100 million special characters, plus 2K Of user definable ALASKA orders. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO character life expectancy. characters. For the ultimate In price per· OTHER COUNTRIES. Enclose cashiers check, formance the Comstar FfT Super 10" leads the money order or personal check. Allow 14 days • THREE SELECTABLE CHARACTER packl for delivery, 2 to 7 days lor phone orders, 1 PITCHES: • 10, 12 or 16.5 characters per Inch. day express mall available II Canada orders 132 columns maximum. Double-width font also WE HAVE THE LOWEST PRICES must be In U.S. dollars. Is standard for each character pitch. We sell to customers and you save the profit • THREE SELECTABLE LINE SPACINGS: 6, 8 margin normally made .by computer stores, or 12 lines per Inch. department stores and distributors, we are PROTECTO willing to take a smaller margin to develop ENTER PRIZES (FACTORY·DIRECt) • PROGRAMMABLE LINE FEED: program­ volume. WE LOVE OUR CUSTOMERS - OUR BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 80010 mable length from 11144to 255/144 Inches. PRICES PROVE ITI Phone 3121382·5244 to order COMSTARFIT ABCDEFGH~JKLMNDPQRSTUVWXVZ~bcd~~9h~~kl~n ~PQr~t~~~xYZ 1234567890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdef9hijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890

SUPER·10" AeCDEFGH%~KLMNOpgReTUVWXVZ CICcie No 34 ABCDEFGHIJt

by Dennis G. Smith Marshall, MI

The VIC's potential in education is pistol, and a new one replaces it. If the simplest problems. If A = 8 and 8 = 1, Just beginning to be realized. In many wrong answer is typed, the bullet then the identity equations and opera­ ways, it is ideally suited for classroom misses the problem, and the correct tions with unity will be generated for use, especially in the early grades. answer is given. If ten consecutive whole numbers, 0-8. After these are There has been a bandwagon move­ problems are answered correctly, a mastered, then increase the value of ment in education to purchase the big­ happy-face message is seen and 8, so that problems such as 5 + 3 =? ger personal computers. Impressive heard. The opportunity to begin again and 7 - 2 =? can be displayed. The simulation routines and multiple-choice is given after a wrong response and problems will remain on the screen un­ of subprograms have convinced some after ten problems are correctly til the child answers; this provides as school administrators and teachers answered. A teacher or parent will much time as needed to count out the that 32K, 48K, or 64K machines are have to walk a young child through the answer on fingers or mentally. Even­ necessary in the school environment. program a few times at first. but my tually the answers will become mostly While simulations are valuable enrich­ daughter can easily use it by herself cemented into memory as we have ment exercises, basic education can now. As it is listed now, the most diffi­ them as adults. I omitted the speed be packaged in smaller units. The cult problems are 9 + 4 =? and factor from this program, because my VIC's low cost. color and sound 9 - 4 =? daughter showed extreme frustration capabilities, large print for brief and The number of problems given per when she was pressured to type in the easy reading, and 3.5K limitation for game as well as the problem difficulty answer quickly. short loading are ideal features for an can easily be changed by editing line For older kids, the program could be elementary classroom computer. 20. For example, if you redefine the used for more advanced mental arith­ The program offered here was writ­ variables as follows metic. For instance, problems such as ten for my four-year-old daughter, 15 + 23 =? and 62 - 29 =? can be 20 K = 15: A = 1: 8 = 1 Carol, who has been showing the abil­ displayed. A = 50 and 8 = 49 yield the ity to retain numerical facts. She, like then only the problems, 0 + 1 =?, widest range of two-digit problems. most kids, loves to play with the VIC. 1+1=?, 1+0=?, 1-0=?, 1-1=? In my classroom, the seventh­ I am sure, however, that this program can be displayed; and 15 problems, graders hardly noticed the difference can easily be used in grades, K-4. randomly selected from these, must between a game and an educational The program title is "Addition and be answered correctly to get the hap­ tool. To this teacher, it seems criminal Subtraction Facts." A more appro­ py face. Answers in this program can­ not to use kids' fascination with com­ priate name might be "Ands and not exceed two digits; and therefore, puters to their own advantage-start­ Take-aways", however. The program the maximum values (A and 8) must ing as soon as possible. flashes simple addition and subtrac­ be chosen with this in mind. I will save a copy of this program for tion problems onto the screen. It is a This program was designed to intro­ you. Send $4, a self addressed mailer, colorful program and uses arcade duce the youngster to arithmetic prob­ and a blank cassette to Dennis G. sounds If the correct answer is typed, lems in the equation format. In the Smith, 225 Highfield Road, Marshall, then the problem is blown away by a beginning it is advisable to use the MI49068 .o 26/Commander June 1983 PUT SOME MUSCLE 3 REM+ AND - FACTS 5 "1=36878:81=36874 IN YOUR 6 S4=36877:CO=30720 VIC 20 7 SB=36879:S3=36876 10 REMA+B=C OR A-B=C 16K RAM 11 REMK=' OF PROBLEMSPERGAME EXPANSION 12 REMAJB=MAX VALUES 213 K=10:A=9:B=4 $69.90 28 POKESBJ124 lI 8K RAM 29 PRINT"[CLEARl ; 30 PRINT"[REVl [OF EXPANSION F] II ,; 31 PRlt~T"[REVlADDITION 8: SUBTRACTIO~4[OF $47.70 FllI; 32 PRINTII[REVJ [OF -DIRECT FROM Fl"; MANUFACTURER 33 PRINTlI[REVl FACTS [OF -HIGHEST QUALITY FlU; -LOW PRICE 34 PRIt~TII[REVl [OF -gO DAY WARRANTY Fl .. 35 PRItH" [DOL~Nl[REVJ3+4=7[OFFl [REVJ 5-2=3[OFFl lI CE"TUAY~ II 36 PRINT [DOL~Nl[DOWN] [REV] 1+1=2[0 MICRO FFJ [REV]0+0=0[OFFJ" 7881 La Riviera Or. Suite 131 37 PRHHII[DOWN] [DOWNJ [REVJ 1+6=7[OFFJ Sacramento, CA 95826 II ACId $2 for snipping & handling [REVJ8-5=3[OFFJ (California Re8idents add 6., sales tax) 38 PRI~H"[DOWN] [DOWNJ [REVJ3-3=0[OFF DEALER INQUIRES WELCOME 1 [REV]6-5=1[OFFlII 50 PRI ~HII [DOWNJ [DOWN J PRESS AN',..KElT' II 60 GETM$:IFM$="ITHEN60 PET JOYSTICK 65 T=190:GOSUBI000 70 POKE8BJ169:PRINTII[BLACKJ" INTERFACE 80 PRINTII[CLEARJ [REVlDESCRIPTION[O FFl II • Now any PET®or CBM® 90 PRINT"[DOWNJ[DOWNJANSWER";K;IIRIGHT can use joysticks and game II paddles, 100 PRINT"IN A ROWAND YOU WIN. II 110 PRHn ll [DOWNJ[DOWNJ MISS A PROBLEM • Accepts popular Atari®· ANDII and Apple®·style 120 PRI NTlI'iOU ~1USTSTART OVER. II Joysticks/paddies, 130 PRINT"[DOWNJ[DOWNJ[DOWNJ[DOWNJ[DOWN ][DOWNl[DOWNl[DOWNl[DOWNlPRESS ANYKE • Sample software provided, .,....

140 GETM$:I F~l$=II II THEt~140 • Only$69.95! 150 POKESBJ222 155 T=210:GOSUB1000 Send check, money order, lI 159 PRINT"[CLEARl VISA/MC (please include exp, 160 PRINTII[DOWNJ[DOWNJWHATKIND OF PROB dote) or specify C,O.D. LEM ?II 170 PRINTII[DOWNl[DOWNJ +11 J SYSTEMSCORP. 180 PRINTII[DOWNl ORII 1 Edmund Place 190 PRItH II [DOWNJ _" Ann Arbor, MI 48103 200 GETO$:IFO$="ITHEN200 313-662·4714 210 IFO$()II+"ANDO$()"_IITHEN200 24121IFO$="+"THEN260 VIS4 • - C" eleNo 21 -.Commander June 1983/27 CirCle No. 15

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VIC-20'", COMMODORE'", COMMODORE 64'", and CBM'" are trademarks of Commodore Business Machines, Inc. Circle No. 13 year's worth of articles. So a neophyte BASIC user should rush out and browse through the local bookstore or The library's shelves. Find a book that is easy to read , and appears to be writ­ ten in a competent manner. Avoid the Basics of Basic "cutesy" books. They tend to slow you down, rather than help. Several things require pointing out. First is that for all Commodore com­ puters (in fact, for any computer that doesn't compile the program) line numbers must be used. Each line of by Tim Parker instruction code has to be prefaced by Ontario, Canada a number that is usually less than 65,536 It doesn't matter what order the lines are written in, as the BASIC interpreter will arrange them in as­ cending order. Remember that they will be executed in order, though It also doesn't matter what number you This series is being written in science to learn . The obvious ap­ start with , or what interval you use be­ response to a large number of com­ proach was to relate functions to their tween line numbers. There are a cou­ ments about the programs appearing everyday English meaning. A PRINT ple of considerations to this, though. in this (and other) magazines namely statement should print something, Inevitably, you will want to add lines that they seem to be total gibberish to while a STOP statement should halt in between the existing lines. many readers. A large number of operations. Naturally, some definitions Therefore, leave enough line numbers writers tend to assume that most had to be created. These were done free between each line for expansion. readers will have a sufficient aquai n­ with the most logical approach possi­ Also, it is nice to be able to structure tance with BASIC and any machine's ble that still retained some sensible your programs to an extent, so that quirks that are required to get the most meaning. specific line numbers do specific jobs. out of an article. I confess that I am BASIC quickly grew in popularity, If subroutines are included (if you don't probably one of the worst offenders. and was refined in complexity and understand what a subroutine is, don't I hardly ever document my programs, ability to the state it now exists in. Al­ worry) it is convenient to give them a as they all seem so simple to me. Alas, though several different BASICs have numerical sequence to themselves. a mistake if ever there was onel been created, most with common Examine a few published programs, In the next few issues, I hope to take features, there is no set standard to be and see if they follow the above a quick yet thorough tour through adhered to. A de facto standard was guidelines. Personally, I usuall y leave BASIC as a language specifically ap­ approached by the massive adoption ten lines between each line number for plied to Commodore machines, then of a BASIC version by Microsoft. It expansion (i.e I increment by ten go into a few operation details on the quickly became universal in its use, on 210, 220, etc.) because ten is a con­ different machines such as the VIC-20, almost every machine imaginable venient number, and it is easy to count VIC-64 , the PETs and CBM machines. Thereafter, most BASIC's have been by tensl When starting a program, I'll At this point, though, I will begin at patterned on Microsoft's lead. usually begin at one hundred or so, as the beginning. I hope veteran users, To learn BASIC requires only a com­ I will probably want to add some in­ and those who will quickly become puter and a well written manual. There structions or definitions at the top of the veterans, wi ll not be too bored by the are dozens of BASIC instruction books program Subroutines, if they are ma­ following, but it is always best to begin on the market, and most are well writ­ jor (such as Klingon ships moving, or at the beginning. ten. Some, unfortunately, are not. The pirates attacking), will be done in BASIC is an acronym for Beginners only way to learn a language is to write blocks of thousands. As an example, All -Purpose Symbolic Instruction programs in it. That is why a book is if a Trek game is in the works (See Code. That really doesn't tell anyone so useful. Examples are usually given Commander, January), the different much. When deciphered, and the in­ of all functions, and most popular functions such as moving, firing, com­ tent of BASIC is included, it boils down books approach BASIC in a tiered puters, etc, will be at 1000's, 2000's, to the followi ng. A general purpose level, introducing the complexity levels 3000's, etc. This allows fast access to language applicable to most program­ one by one. There is no point in the required routine, and helps a pro­ ming situations was sorely needed that repeating the BASIC instruction books grammer " remember" where he did didn't require a degree in computer here. To do so would require over a this or that. 32/C omrnander June 1983 Most BASICs allow multiple com­ loop occurs, use the same va riable. means absolutely nothing to the com­ mands per line. By this I mean that Each va riable named requires puter as it stands. The interpreter has more than one instruction can be memory space. to read the above, and realize that it given per line number, as long as they Ensure that the variable types are is telling the computer to send to the are separated by a colon. (This is a known. With Commodore BASIC ver­ screen the word TEST. The interpreter technique to save memory .. more on sions, this is not a difficult task . Most is exactly that. It understands what you that in another column.) While it may character variables (those that are not say in one language, and translates it be easy to type many commands on just numbers) must have a dollar sign to a language the computer can one line, for many applications, it is not tagged on the end to identify itself. understand. (That is why when a pro­ too good an idea. Usually, program­ Some BASICs require other identifiers, grammer writes in a language the mers will do functions such as INPUTs too. machine understands directly, it is call­ and response analysis on separate Begin programming with the "easy" ed machine language programming) lines, although to "compartmentalize" commands until their use is determin­ The interpreter is usually a pretty big the program, they can be combined. ed . Granted, there are only so many program, which itself IS written in One big feature that should be includ­ things that can be done with PRINT, machine code All that just to make ed in every program, but seldom is, is INPUT, and GOTO, but there is no your programming easierl documentation Judicious use of the point in using the commands such as A compiled language takes the in­ REM (remark) statement will help in LEFT$, CHR$, etc. if the basics are not structions you write, and like an inter­ later analysis and error fixing. This is mastered. This may seem obvious, but preter, changes it all to machine code great advice, but no one ever follows appears to be the major downfall of The difference is, the program is it (especially me)1 I have had several most programmers at the early stage. changed to code, and can be saved cases where I have written programs For those who are eager to get on on storage media as a machine code for specific tasks, such as games, without, and don't want to waste time program. An interpreter requires that calculations, sorts, etc. and they have reading book after book of theory, use it interprets every time through . Ob­ worked perfectly. They are then stored the instruction manual that came with viously, a compiled language will be on a shelf for a few months to gather your computer. Most come with an ex­ much quicker, as it doesn't have to go dust. At some point later, I'll dig it out planation of BASIC Write a specific through the translation step. It also has and attempt to modify it, but complete­ program, not one of their trivial ex­ several problems, in that if a minor ly forget what each variable does, or amples (although do read their ex­ change is made to a program, it has why that loop is there, or what that amples to see how it's done) Design to be recompiled. Compilation itself is cryptic GOSUB is doing. Usually, I a program that you see as a challenge a longish prOJect. spend more time analyzing the pro­ to your programming skills at that The major fault to compiled pro­ gram than I saved in the first place point. The satisfaction gained by grams is that they cannot easily be (Several times I have found it easier to finishing the task is tremendous, and debugged. With interpretive BASICs, rewrite the whole thingl) The moral is will aspire you to greater heightsl if a line is not behaving correctly, yo u that documentation will save At this point, some definitions can be simply change the line and RUN the headaches and lot of hassle in the introduced for future use First , the dif­ program again. With a compiled pro­ future. It doesn't have to be elaborate ference between interpretive and com­ gram, the source code has to be Just stick in a REM that says what piled languages should be under­ reloaded , changed, and compiled. each variable does, and one at the stood. An interpretive BASIC uses an Enough for this month In the next start of a loop or subroutine that ex­ " interpreter" routine to decipher any installment, a look at some of the more plains its purpose. code you may have written. For exam­ advanced features of BASIC, and how While mentioning variable names, ple, the instruction PRINT "TEST" they can best be applied. 0 it's a good idea to mention that in the same sense that documentation can help your programming, variable names can do the same. Try to use a o o name that is somewhat indicative of its (J) Nt-vJ- • DISK -O-MATE" IW"le '0' P,;cel (J) A must fOf 2040 , 4 0 4 0 disk owner s. Wrlle prOle::t indic ato r s purpose. Most BASICs on the Com­ ....J sWitches. power indicat o r and ellor beeper ....J modore machines only recognize two « • "Real World" SOFTWARE ISI7 . S251 « Wo rd P'ocesso' Mailing Li s t Cala lo g H am Raa.o F' i[>Quenc y Counl{>1 characters at the beginning of the o r-"OLD" 8K PETs------l 0 variable. 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Circle No. 40 34/Commander June 1983 Machine Language I/O: P art Two of Three by Howard N. Rotenberg Toronto, Canada

In my last article on machine lan­ BASIC programs to detect different 1/0 ment with the exception that the loca­ guage 1/0, we discussed two aspects conditions. The possible values are: tion $01 is of no consequence. of this somewhat difficult and undocu­ 1) 1-for Timeout on Write when the DFAUL T - This routine will set the mented subject. The first part dealt IEEE bus is the listener. computer back to its default devices with a machine language input routine 2) 2-for Timeout on Read when the as on power up. The screen (device and the second with a method to open IEEE bus is the talker. 3) is made the output device and the files on the disk drive. The article was 3) 4-for a short block on a cassette keyboard (device 0) is set to the input accompanied by two small sample read, verify or load. device. Any output device on the IEEE programs. This article will side step a 4) 8-for a long block on a cassette bus is UNLISTED and any input little bit from what seems the logical read, verify or load. device is sent the UNTALK command. pattern of the total concept that I am 5) 15-for an Unrecoverable Read This routine does not affect the X and trying to get across. It will all come Error on cassette read or Any mis­ Y registers nor does it close any open together as mentioned in part one of match on a tape verify or load. files . the article, when we get to part three. 5) 32-for a checksum error on a T ALK- This routine will set the If you have not read part one, I recom­ cassette read, verify or load. desired device to be the talker. EG. If mend that you do if you want to follow 7) 54-for End of File marker. you print the listing to your printer, the flow and understand the routines 8) 128-for end of tape on cassette the printer is called the listener while that I am piecing together. If you have read, verify or load and Device not your computer is the talker. If you are just joined in and wish to start from present on the IEEE bus. spooling then your disk drive will have here, I am sure that it will present no WRITE-This is the same routine been set to be the talker. problem as this section should be able called by a BASIC print or print#. It is LlSTEN- This routine sets the to stand on its own. used to output the contents of the desired device to be the listener. The I would like to briefly explain the accumulator to any device specified. previous example covers this subrou­ routines that will be used in our two The values of A, X and Yare not tine also. sample programs. The two programs changed. .. will be a small PET to PET terminal pro­ UNTALK and LISTEN-I will just gram for the IEEE modem followed by GETCHR- This will take the one briefly say that these two commands another terminal program that will con­ character from the keyboard input buf­ are the opposite of their counterparts fer. The values of X and not verse in ASCII to any other computer Yare previously covered. The actual rou­ or mainframe. I will go through the changed . tines used along with the registers and routines in the order that they appear OPENO- This routine is often the IEEE bus lines are a bit compli­ in the first program listing. Note: Both refered to as Set Output Device. The cated to cover at this time. programs use the same routines. X register holds the logical file number GETIEE- This routine will set one The Routines and the IEEE device becomes a character from the IEEE bus and re­ listener. OPENI- This routine is often refer­ turn it in the accumulator. It must return ) red to as SET INPUT DEVICE . The X CLEAR-This will clear open chan­ a character within 54 milliseconds or ST will be set to 2 indicating a timeout. ~ register holds the logical file number nels to the IEEE bus. Before calling this of the open file. This will make the IEEE routine, the file number should be held CHKSTP- This simply checks for in the X register device the talker and BASIC 4 will the stop key and returns a 0 if it was clear DS$ and S1. The three errors that OPEN- This routine is identical to pressed may occur are : FILE NOT OPEN , NOT the BASIC open. The memory loca­ The only locations that we will use INPUT FILE or DEVICE NOT PRES­ tions $01-$04 must be previously set in the program that I have not mention­ ENT. up. These locations will be discussed ed in the above routines are $01 to Status shortly. $04. The location $D1 must contain This is the status byte that ST is com­ CLOSE-This routine follows the the number of characters in the file puted from. Most of us use it in our same rules as the BASIC open state- number. We will use a 0 in our exam-

Commander June 1983/35 pie since we will be opening a file to for our guideline. tor's contents to get ready to send our a modem that needs no file name. Just The first thing we do is JSR to a character. We use the JSR WRITE that the same, the location must be set. subroutine called RECV. This routine now acts Just like a BASIC print#5. As The location $02 must contain the cur­ is used to get one character from the you can see from this that a single rent logical file number that we are modem and display it. The beginning subroutine may be used to send a about to open. The last two locations, of RECV saves the contents of the ac­ character to whatever device we want $03 and $04, must contain the cur­ cumulator since other routines also by defining what the output device is rent secondary address or the R/W use it. We send a talk command to the to be. We then send a clear command command and the current device modem to inform it that it will be the Just as before to clear the channel fol­ number respectively. Since we are not device to send us any information it lowed by an unlisten to cancel our using a secondary address, we will set has in its buffer. We must open the listen command. One difference here $03 to 255 and $04 to our device modem for input since we want it to is that we use the subroutine OFAUL T number which happens to be 5. get any character that may come over to restore our default devices. I.E. This covers most of the information the telephone line. When we open it Keyboard as input and Display as that will be of importance to the work­ for input, we must use the X register output. ings of the sample programs, so with for the file number. Considering that At this point, we return to our main this under our belt, we will carryon the modem is now open for input, we program and continue until the with the workings of the programs. may restore our accumulator. We then stop key is pressed. We will now Programs use the subroutine GETIEE to get a assume that the stop key has been The program that we will mainly character from the modem buffer if pressed and causes the branch to discuss will be Program 1. This is the one exists. At this point we check the QUIT, which will get us back to BASIC PET to PET terminal program. The se­ status and if it is not equal to zero then after a little. cleanup. All we have to do cond program is almost identical with we skip the instruction to display the now is clear the channels we have the exception of two additional character. If the status was zero then been using and close any files that we routines that are used to translate from there was a valid character to display may have opened. Since we only used PET ASCII to ASCII and VICA-VERSA and we do so. Before going back to one, this job is quite brief. It is impor­ I will discuss those routines after we our main routine, we must clear the tant to notice that the X register has are finished with the main topic. channel and tell the modem that it is been used to clear the channel and The constants are declared at the no longer a talker. The X register, the accumulator has been used to beginning, followed by the load ad­ which still contains our file number, is close the file. This is a must for a good dress which happens to be $9000 or used for these subroutines. close and clean exit from the program. decimal 36864. This may of course be This takes us back to our main pro­ ASCII Program changed at the user's discretion gram which will not check for the The second part of this article just The first thing we must do is to open depression of the stop key. If it was makes the first terminal program more the files we are going to use. In this pressed, we branch to QUIT to end flexible. It deals with the second pro­ case we will be opening a file to an the program. I will discuss QUIT after gram which is nearly a carbon copy IEEE modem with a device number of the rest of the program. of the first as far as the mi3.in routines five. We will also use five as the logical We now JSR to GETCHR which will are concerned The big difference is file number to open with. As stated look at our keyboard buffer to see if we that this program may be used as an earlier, we will store the logical file have entered any characters. If there ASCII terminal program which will number and device number in the is nothing there, it branches back to enable you to converse with almost memory locations $02 and $04 re­ MAIN and goes back to check the any other computer. spectively. Since we are using no file modem again. If it fails the test then we There are two additional subroutines name, we store a zero for the number must have entered some character so that do all the work for us. These are of characters in the file name in $01. the program will go to the subroutine called TOASC and FASCII. Their pur­ Lastly, after storing 255 into memory called XMIT. pose is to take the Commodore's location $03, indicating no secondary This routine once again starts off by character set and translate it to the address, we are ready to Jump to the saving the contents of the accumulator standard form of codes used by most subroutine OPEN. on the stack since it now contains the other systems. There are a few dif­ The file to the modem is now open character we want to transmit. The ferent ways to do this conversion. One providing we did not get any of the modem is sent the listen command of the fastest would be to construct a possible errors that were mentioned since it will be receiving our character. table of the character codes to con­ earlier. The main body of the program It is now opened for output, once vert. This would, however, take up is a series of seven instructions that will again using the X register since it will more memory. I chose to calculate the call the appropriate subroutines for our be transmitting the character. After the value of the proper character for program. I will use these instructions open, we may restore our accumula- transmission or reception. This is

!::-Cc::x::lCCC~C~CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC_ 36/Commander June 1983 similar to the way you would reverse choose not to explain the routines that : COMMODORE 64 'M convert since I hope that the com· upper and lower case characters in : AND VIC-20'M BASIC. ments will be sufficient. It is also not I really an I/O operation and I would like I The routine FASCII is called from the I .• . . .•. • receiving subroutine if there was a to stay within that capacity in these character received. This will convert articles. • EXCITING ADVENTURES' the ASCII character received into the Upgrade Basic Anyone? EERIE MANSION - El\plorethe Commodore character set before dis· The subroutines that I have used in mansion and find the treasures but beware the dangers . 1995 tape 2495 disk playing it. The other routine TOASC is the terminal programs are for BASIC called by the main program If there is 4. If you are still using UPGRADE . FUN GAMES' a character In the keyboard buffer to BASIC, then the substitutions should MONOPOLY - Sound and send. This will ensure that the transla· be made. (See BASIC Upgrade box.) graphics make this family favorite more fun than ever. 64 only - tion will be done before sending it. I Note The stars represent no change. 1995 tape 2495 disk . SELF IMPROVEMENT' Subroutine Substitutions DIET CALC - Tell the computer OPENI $F7AF $F770 what you eat and what activity you do STATUS $96 $96 and it will calculate your gain or loss. WRITE $FFD2 $FFD2 VIC 1995 tape 2495 disk GETCHR $FFE4 $FFE4 64 available soon . OPENO $F7FE $F7BC All orders add 150 handling Send for Free Catalog CLEAR $F2A6 $F272 OPEN $F563 $F524 MYSTIC SOFTWARE CLOSE $F2E2 $F2AE P.o. BOX 536 DFAULT $FFCC $FFCC LAKESIDE, CA 92040-0536 TALK $FOD2 $FOB6 (619) 443-9776 Commodore 64'" and VIC 20" are registered UNTALK $F1AE $F17F trademarks of Commodore Business LISTEN $FOD5 $FOBA Machine s. Inc UNLISN $F1B9 $F183 Circle No 56 GETIEE $F1CO $F18C CHKSTP $F335 $F301 Our Toll Free Conclusion will be answered. Once again, I would Subscription Number is This takes us to the end of part two. like to say that all listings have been In the last part, we will bring everything assembled using COMMODORE's 1-800-426-1830 together and hopefully all questions assembler.

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Commander June 1983/37 LINE# LOC CODE LINE 00(1[11 0[1(10 .: PUT "1!0 : t'lS"

~:u}(102~}000

OO(1~}::::[1~:10[1 ;++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ (10004 0000 ;+ ASCII TERMIHAL PROGRAM +

(1[1 (U35 0~:1(10 ;+ VERSION 1.0 + (10(1(16 0000 82.·... t14,/1 !:: + (1(1007 [100(1 HOWARD ROTENBERG +

~:H:100:3~}000 ;++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

[U3[109 0(100 .' 00~}1[1 J.}~:10(1 OPEt'~I= $F7AF .: DPEt·~FO~: I NF'UT ~}0[111000(1 OPEND = $F7FE .: OPEN FOR OUTPUT [10012 [1(10[1 STATUS = $96 0001:;: 0~}~}~3 L,JF.:ITE = $FFD2 .: PF~INTA CHF.: [H)[1l4 ~}[1[1[1 GETCH~:= $FFE4 .:13ET A CH~: 00~}15 ~}000 CLEAR = $F2A6 ;CLEAR ALL CHANNELS 0(1[116 ~}(100 OPEN = $F56:::: .: OPEN FILE [1[H}17 J.}~}00 CLOSE = $F2E2 .: CLOSE FILE 0(U318 00[1(~ DFAULT = $FFCC .; ~:ESTO~:EDEFAULT DEVICE 00~319 (100[1 TALK = $F0D2 .;SEt·m TALK (10~}2~}0000 UNTALK = $Fl AE .; SEt·m UtHALK

~)(1021o [U}[1 L ISTEt·~ = $FOD5 .: SEt·m LISTEt·~ I](U}22 (1[100 Ut~LI ::;t ·i = $Fl B9 .:SEND UNL I STEt~ (n}[12:;: [H}0[1 GETIEE = $Fl C0 ;HANDSHAKE BYTE IN 00024 ~}000 CHKSTP = $F:3:35 ;CHECK FOR STOP KEY [1fh}26 00[1[1

~:10[127(10(10

00~32:::9(1I:J~} 00[129 9(10(1 OPEN FILES 000::::0 9000 00~:1:;:1 900[1 A9 05 LDA #5 ;GET DEVICE NUMBER

~:10[1:329002 85 D2 :::TA $D2 .: STORE LFN 0~}03::::9004 :::5 D4 ::;TA $D4 ;STORE DEVICE NUMBER [U:U334 9[106 A9 00 LIlA #0 .-11:" ~:1[1~~1:;:59~~10:3 .=.._1 Dl ::;TA $Dl .; t·W FILE t'~At'lE ~:U303690(1A A9 FF LIlA #255 ,-,c:- [1(10:37 9~}0C _:. __1 D:::: STA $II:;: ;NO SECONDARY ADDRESS

000:3::: 9[10E 20 6~:F5 J:::R OPEt~ .;OPEt ·~ t10DE~1

0~}~}::::99[111

0[104~39011 t'lA I t~P~:OG~:At'l

~~H}~}419[111 .. EI[H)42 9011 2[1 74 9f1 t'lA I t·i JSF.: REC'·'" .:F.:ECE I '·... E CHAR ,-,E:' ~:H}04::::9(114 2~}. ~•• _f F''-':' .JSR CHKSTP .: STOP PF.:ESSED 00[144 9[117 F0 0E BEG! STPF.:E::;

[1[1~}459019 2~:1E4 FF .JSR GETCHR .; GET CHARACTEF.: (1[1046 9(11C F[1 F'"'.j BEQ f'1AIH .: tKITH n~G THERE 00(147 901E 20 2A 90 J:::R TOASC ; TRANSLATE TO ASCII

00048 9~}21 20 92 90 JSR ::'::~lIT ; TRANSMIT CHARACTER

[1(H]49 9~}24 4C 11 90 .Jt'lF' t'l A I t·~ .: LOOP BACK 00[15~~19027 4C A9 9~} :=;TPF.:ES JMP OUIT .; GO TO Et·m At·m CLOSE FILES 0~X151 9(12A 00052 902A CHANGE PET TO ASC I I [K1053 902A [10054 902A C9 41 TOASC Ct'1P #$41 ;(= LOWER CASE /A/ 00055 902C 3[1 1::: B~lI ADELET .; 'T'ES THEN CHECK FOR DELETE

3a/Commander June 1983 LIHE# LOC CODE LINE 0€K156 9CJ2E C9 5B CNP #$5B ;)= LOWER CASE 'z' (S5A)

(10~~15791213121 1121 ~36 BPL t'~~'~TCHK ;YES GOTO NEXT CHECK

.: t,~O 0£105::: 9~]:321 ~; CLC 0('1('159 9033 69 20 ADC #$20 ~CONVERTTO UPPER CASE ~)I~K16~j9121:;:5 4(: 43 9~) Jt'1F' E:>a T ; RETURN TO NAIN ROUTINE

00[161 90:;::::: C9 Cl t·~::-:;rCHKCt1P #$C 1 ;(= UPPER CASE 'A' 0(1(162 9 (t:;:A 312107 BtU E::

~3(H::1669(141 E9 8[1 SHC #$:::0 ;CONVERT TO LOWER CASE [u)067 9043 29 ?F £::-:;IT At'm #$7F ,; t'1fiSK 7"'TH 1::1T 0006::: 9045 60 RTS ; BACK TO MAIN ROUTINE 2n::K169 9046 C9 14 ADELET CNP #$14 .;1:::: IT A DELETE o(1t17 [1 904:3 D(1 F9 Bt'1E E;:.:;rT ,: t·w SO GET OUT 00071 9~34A CLC 000 72 9[i4B A9 [18 LDA #$8 ;CHANGE TO BACKSPACE 0007 :3 9{ND 4(: 43 9[1 Jt1P E::-nT ; AHD GET CIUT ~~100749~~150

0~::1~::175905[1 CHANGE ASCII TO PET 0(1~3769(,15[1 " (10077 912150 C9 41 FABCII CMP #$41 ;(= UPPER CASE 'A' @~1078 9052 3~)16 EMI PDELET ,: 'T'ES THAt~CHECK FO~:BACKSPACE O(n379 9054 C9 5E cr'lP #S5B ,:) = UPPER CASE "'Z·'· ($5A)

~::1(1~380 9~356 10 06 BPL CHKt·~~,a ,; 'T'ES GOTO N£::

0121~~196912174 [u)(197 912174 RECEIVING ROUTINE

0(1(19:3 9(174 )

~::112112199912174 REe ...·' PHA ; SA'·iE CHARACTE~: (1(11[u) 9075 20 D2 F~3 JSR TALK ,; SEt·m TAU( [1(11(11 9£17:3 A2 05 Lnx #5 ; FILE t·~Ut'lE:E~:

[u)102 9G7A 2(1 AF F7 JS~:OPEt~I ;OPEN MODEM FOR INPUT 0121112139[17D F'-'_'0 PLA ;RESTORE CHARACTER ~::U310491217E 2(1 C[1 Fl JSR CiETIEE ;GET CHAR FROM MODEM 121[1105 9081 A4 96 LD'T' STATUS .: GET STATUS 0[111216 9€1c::::: DI2t 1216 BNE HOE:'T'TE .: t·mT :: 0 [11211(17 912185 21215£1 90 JSR FAseI I ~TRANSLATETO PET

[1(11(18 9~38:=:2121 D2 FF .JSR ~~RITE .; ~JRI TE CHARACTER TO CRT (1(11('19 908E 20 A6 F2 NOBYTE JSR CLEAR .; CLEAR CHAt·U·~EL [1011121 9(,18E 2~)------AE F 1 J::;R Ut-HALK ,;ut·HALK Commander June 1983/39 L It'~E#LOC CODE LI t·4E (1€H 11 9091 6(1 RTS .:BACK TO r1AI t'4 ROUTINE (10112 9092 , 0(111:3 9092 TRAt'4St1I T ROUTIt~E ~30114 9092 00115 91392 4°'-' ::';MIT PHA .;SAVE CHARACTE~~ 0(1116 9~j93 213 D5 F£1 JSR LISTEN .;sEt·m LISTH4 00117 9096 A'-'.:::. ti5 LD;:':; #5 .;FILE NUt'1BER 0011 ::: 9€198 2(1 FE F7 .JSR OPEt·4Q .: OPEt·4 CHANNEL FOR OUTPUT ~J01199~39B 6::: F'LA .: ~:E:3TOF.:ECHARACTER

(10120 9(19C 20 D2 FF .J~=;F~l·JF::I TE .:PF.: I tH#5

O~J121 909F 2~~1A6 F'":'.:.. JSR CLEAR .: CLEAF.: CHAt~NEL 00122 9(1A2 2(1 £:9 F1 .J:=;F.:Ut·4L I::;N .;SEND UNL I ::;TEt~ 00123 90A5 2(1 CC FF .JSF.: DFAULT .: F.:ESTOF.:E DEFAULT DEVICE 00124 9€1A::: 6(1 F:T~; .;BACK TO t'1AI t·4 ROUTINE 0(1125 90A9 00126 9~JA9 CLOSE FILES 0~3127 90A9 .' A'") 0012::: 90A9 .:.. ~35 G!UIT LD:X: #5 .;FILE t·4Uf1BER 00129 90RB 2£1 A6 F'.:..-:' .J~;RCLEAR ; CLEAR CHANNELS 13013£1 90AE A9 05 LDR #5 .; FILE HUt1BER

001 :31 901:(1 2~jE2 F'-'.::. .J!::R CLOSE i CLOSE FILE

0(11 :;:2 9(1B3 6(1 ~:TS .;Ei·::IT TERr'l I ~4ALNOrtE 001:3:3 90B4 • Et·m

S'T't'1E:OLTABLE

S'T't'1E:OLVALUE -"-'C' ADELET 9046 CHK~~>::r9€15E CHKSTP F.':J.:J..,.I CLEAR F2A6 CLOSE F2E2 DFAULT FFCC Ei

TOASC 902A Ut·4LI St·~ FtE:9 UNTALK F1AE L.JRITE FFD2 :x:t'lIT 9092

END OF ASSH1BL'T'

CROSS REFERENCE •••••• PAGE 1

COC' ADELET $9046 ...I __t 69 CHKN:>::T $905E 80 E:4 CHKSTP $F335 24 43 CLEAR $F2A6 15 109 121 129 CLOSE $F2E2 17 1:;:1 DFAULT $FFCC 1:3 12~: ..,.") EXIT $9~f43 613 62 64 67 70 I ... • ======a 40/Commander June 1983 FASCI I $9~~150 77 H:17 GETCHR $FFE4 14 45 .-...-. GETIEE $F1C0 ~.::- 1£14

LISTEt·~ tF(1D5 21 116 ~lAH~ $9(111 42 46 49 t'KlB'T'TE $908E: 1£16 109

t'~~'::TCHK$9038 57 61 OPEH $F56 :;: 16 :38 OPH~I $F7AF 10 1£12 OPEtKI $F7FE 11 118 ,-.-i OUT $9£169 .:. .;, 85 1-''''Of 913 92 95 ..,,.. PDELET $906A .. .=- 91 I]U1T $90A9 5£1 1'-"-'~O PECV $9(174 42 99 1 .., :=:TATUS $0(196 .:... 1135 !:;;TPPES $9027 44 50 TALK $F0I12 19 lee TOASC $9~32A 47 54 Ut·4L1SN $F1B9 22 1·t::.t::.-· ..... UtHALK $F1AE 2~3 110

~'JR1TE$FFD2 13 1138 120

~-<~1IT $91392 48 115

~INE#LOC CODE LINE

00001 (i(i~:::10 .: PUT "1~0: t·10DE~12. SRC" 00002 00130 oooe:;: O(H30 ;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ O(j004 o~mo ; + SAMPLE TERMINAL PROGRAM + 0(10(15 0000 ; + FOR PET TO PET COMMUNICATIONS + ~1(u3(16~1000 ; + TO SHOW EXAMPLE OF OPENING +

00007 000(1 .: + At·~IEEE DEVICE FOR n~PUTAND OUTF'UT +

(1 ~:1£1~:1 B ~300(1 ;+ BY HOWARD ROTENBERG + 00009 (1000 ; + TOF.:ot-nO CANADA +

0[101(1 00f1~~1 ;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ (10011 [1 (H3(1 00012 0000 OPEt~I = $F7AF .: OPEN FOF.: I t~PUT 0(1(11 ::;: 0000 :::TATU::: = $96 (10(1(1 00~~114 ~,JF.:I TE = $FFD2 .: PRI tH A CHR ~3~3(115 0[1(10 GETCHF.: = $FFE4 .: GET A CHR: (H:3016 (u300 CF'Et·m = $F7FE .: OPEt~FOR OUTPUT 00 0 17 000(1 CLEAF.: = $F2A6 .: CLEAR ALL CHANNELS 00 0 1::: 00 £10 OPEN = $F56 :3 j OPEt~FILE 0 012119 [1.:100 CLOSE = $F2E2 .: CLOSE FILE O~3020 0 0(10 DFAULT = $FFCC ;RESTORE DEFAULT DEVICE O(1'J21 00(10 TALK = fFOD2 .:SEND TALK ,:10022 ~J(1e(1 UtHAU::: :: $F 1 AE .: SEND UNTALK

O~)CJ2:;: ~XujO LI::;TEt·~= $F~3D5 .: sEt·m LISTEN

~:10024 0(100 UHLIst·~= $F 1 B9 .: SEt~DUt'~L I STEt~ 00025 (1(10(1 GETIEE = $F 1 03 ;HANDSHAKE BYTE IN 0002 6 (1000 CHKSTP = $F:335 ;CHECK FOR STOP KEY

O~:::1027 (1(1(1(1

Commander June 1983/41 n[l~~f;::; :::Ol10~~1 AD A E O~X12 .. = $ 9(u30 .; LO , C1tK129 9€u30

00030 9(1(10 .' OPEt·~ FILES 9(1(1(1 OO~~1::::1 .'

O~10::::2 9000 A9 05 LIIR #5 .;GET DEV I CE t·~UNBER ,-,t:" OliO:;:3 9 (n)2 .=.._ 1 It2 ::,TA :fD2 .;STOPE LFt·~ -.1::" _1 ~JOO34 90~)4 ,=.. D4 8TA J:I14 .;STOPE DEVICE t'~Ut'1E:ER

1:: #~j ~1~~1(;5 :::~~=1(16A 9 00 LIlA .;GET A l1 FOF~ '-Ie::" .;~ (1 OC1::::6 )0121::: .=..... 1 111 STA $D1 m FI LE t'~At1E '-.c:" c #'':"'-"C::C'0_1._, ., ~~_L_I ~1~:~(1 :3"( ' JOl1A A9 FF LDA GET TO ,-,C" I _1 OUO:::::: 9[10(: .: •• D''::'-' ':;TA :tIl 3 .;STOPE ::;ECOHDRP 'T ADD~:ESS 0 0039 90(1E 2(1 6:3 F5 JS~:OP Et·j .; OPEN t'10DEt'1 00040 9(111 , 00041 3(111 Nfl I t·~PPOGPAt '1 00042 90 11 , 0004:;: 9(111 20 24 9~j t'1A I t·j J::;R PEel,,.' .' RECEIVE CHAP '-, e" O~J044 9(114 2(1 .; ••_1 F"'-'';' J::;F.: CHK::;;TP.; ::HOP PF.:E3::;ED 00045 9017 F(1 3D BE(:j GHJIT .' ITIES (.!UIT 0[1046 9~319 2(1 E4 FF J::;R GETCHP.;GET CHRF.:ACTEF.:

~,JHEt·~ 00047 9~:::11c FO F'-':' BEl) t'1RH~.; t·iOTHI t·m 0004::: 901E 2~~1:3F 9(1 .JSR ::·:;t'1IT .; iF.:At·~St'1I T CHARACTE~:

.:)e049 9~321 4(: 11 9(1 J~lPt'1AH~ .: LOOP BACK ;~100509024 .' , 00051 9024 RECEI '",II NCi ROUTIt'~E 00052 9024 .'

.~::;A1,.,IE 00053 9 (124 48 F~EC'",IP HA Cot~TEt~TSOF ACCU~1/jLRTOR

';::11X154 ::~(12520 D2 F(1 J:::;f:;:TA LK .;3Et·m TALK W) 0005~; 902::; 0:.. (15 LII:=-=:#5 .; FI LE t'~U~1BER

L I ~'iE#LOC CODE LI t'~E

F"":' ~:1(10569(12 A 20 AF .. JSF.: OPEtH ; OPEt·4 MODEN FOR I t'~PUT 00(157 902D 6::: PLA ; F.:ESTORE CONTEHTS OF ACCUf1ULATOF.: i:":1(105B9(12E 2(1 CO F1 .J:::;R GET I EE.; GET CHAP FF.:OMt'1ODEf1

~:::10~~15990~:1A4 96 LD',.. STATUS .; GET STATUS 0006~:1903 :3 DO 0:3 Bt·4E HOB'TITE

O~X161 9(135 20 II2 FF JS~:~ ,JRITE .; ~,JRITE CHAF.:ACTE~:TO CF::T ·4 ~=u)~:162 9(138 20 A6 F2 t-KlB'rITE .JSR CLEAR ; CLEAF:: CHAHt EL

~:::u~m6 :::: 903B 20 AE F l .JSR Ut·HAU :: .; UNTALK

(10064 91213E 6(1 F.:TS .;BACK TO f'lAIN ~:OUTINE (1(1(165 903F .' 0(1(166 9(13F , TRAt'4St'lIT F.:OUTINE

(1(UJ67 903F .' (1[1(168 903F 48 >::r'lIT PHA .;SAVE c mH ENTS OF Accu r'lULRTOR (10069 9040 20 {l5 F0 ,-T::;RL I STEH .; SEt~D L IS TEt'4

0(1070 9(143 A'-'.:::. 05 LD:>~#5 ,; FI LE t'~U~lBER

00071 9045 20 FE F7 .J~;F.: OPENO .; OPEt·~CHAN HEL FOR OUTPUT

00(172 9(148 6:=: F'LA .; RESTOF.:E Cot·nEt~TsOF ACCU~1ULATOR

00(173 9049 20 112 FF J::;R ~,JF.:ITE .; P F~INT#5 (n)(174 904C 2(1 Fl6 F.:::.'-' .JE;R CLEAF.: .; CLEAF.: CHAHHEL

OO~]75904 F 20 E:9 F l JSR ut·4LI :;t·~.; SEN D UHLI STEt·4

O(1~=1769(152 20 CC FF JSR DFAUL T .; F~ESTOF~E DEFAULT IIEVICE

00077 9055 6(1 PT::; .;BACK TO ~lAI t-~ POUTINE

42/ Commander June 1983 0(H37::: 9 056

0~210799(156 CLOSE FILES AND RETURN TO BASIC 00 121:::0 9056 00(1:::1 9(156 A'-'.::. 05 OUIT LD::·': #5 .; FILE t·~Ut·1BER '.3(10:::2 905::: 20 A6 F'-'.::. ,J::;F.: CLEAR .; CLEAF.: CHANNEL!:; 00083 9fl5B A9 05 ~DA #5 .; FILE ~~Ut-1BEF.: ~.-. 0[1(1:::4 905D 20 E.:..'"":' ,..:::.. Y:.P CLOSE .;CLOSE FILE lnJOB5 9060 60 fH'=;

~Zf(1(1:::69061 • END

S'rl t'1BOL TABLE

!:;'r't'1BOL ....IALUE

c:~·n:::!:;TF'F ::::35 CLEAF.: F2A6 CLOSE F2E2 I1FAULT FFCC

GETCHF.: FFE 4 GETIEE F1CO LI S;TEt·4 F0I1S t'1AI t·~ 9(111 l t·40Br'TE 9(138 OPH~ F56~: OPENI F7AF OPENO F7FE OUIT 9(156 F.:ECV 9024 STATU!; t::1096 TALK F~)D2

~~F.:ITE :<~1 9~)3F Ut'~LI ::;t·~ F 1 B9 UtHRLI< FiRE FFII2 I T

Et·m OF ASSEt'lBL Irl

C:F.~CI~:;~:: PEFEF.:Et·~CE ••••• • PAGE 1

.....- CHKSTP $F~::35 c:.t:. 44 .- .-, ,-.'-. CLEAF: $F2A6 17 f::• .::., 74 Crt::. CLO~;E $F2E2 19 84 DFAULT $FFCC 2(1 76 GETCHF.: $FFE4 15 46 '-Ie' C".-. GETIEE $FI0::1 '::"-' ...'0 .-,.-, LISTEt·~$F0D5 .:.:.~. 69 t'1AH~$9011 4'-'.;. 47 49 t'KlB'T'TE $90::::8 60 62 l'-J OPEt·~ $F563 .=- :39 1 .-. OPENI $F7AF .::. 56 OPENO $F7FE 16 71 OUIT $9056 45 81 C'.-. F.:ECV $9~324 4'-'.:,s ._1.;:- STATUS $0096 1'-'.;. 59 TALK $F0It2 21 54

UNL I ::;t·~$FIB9 24 75 .-,,-, UNTALK $F1AE .::..::. 6:;: ~ .... ~~F.:I TE $FFII2 14 61 .. ..;.. ;:,::t'1IT $903F 48 68

Commander June 1983/43 Vanilla Pilot? Yes, Vanilla Pilot!

What is Vanilla Pilot?

Vanilla Pilot is a full-fe atured pilot language interpreter including TURTLE ~ GRAPHICS for the PET or CBM 4000 , 80CO, 9000 and CBM - 64 series computers .

At last' A Pilot interpreter for the 'J Commodore computers. This Pilot in- ~, cludes some powerful extensions to h the screen editor of the computer. Things like FIND /CHANGE, TRACE and DUMP enhance the pro g ramming environment.

The TURTLE has a very powerful set of graphics commands. You c an set the Turtle's DIRECTION and turn him LEFT or RIGHT. The pen he carries can be set to any of the 16 colors in the CBM - 64. He can DRAW or ERASE a Line .

What else? Vanilla Pilot is all this a nd much, much more. In fact, we c an 't tell you about all of the fe l;ltures of the language in this small ad. So rush down to your local Commodore computer dealer and ask him to show you Vanilla Pilot in action.

Tamarack Software Darby, MT. 59829

Circle No. 42 44/ Commander June 1983 AARDVARK - THE ADVENTURE PLACE TRS-80 COLOR COMMODORE 24 VIC-20 SINCLAIR/TIMEX TI99 WE CARRY MORE THAN ADVENTURESli ADVENTURES - Adventures are a unique PYRAMID by Rodger Olsen - This is one of form of computer game. They let you spend our toughest Adventures. Average time MAXI-PROS WORD PROCESSING ~~~ 30 to 70 hours exploring and conquering a through the Pyramid is 50 to 70 hours. The The easiest to use word processor that I world you have never seen before. There is old boys who built this Pyramid did not mean know of. Has all the features of a major word little or no luck in Adventuring. The rewards for it to be ransacked by people like you. processor (right and left margin justification, are for creative thinking, courage, and wise Authors note to players - This is a ve.-y page numbering, global and line editing, single, gambling - not fast reflexes. entertaining and very tough adventure. I left In Adventuring, the computer speaks and double, triple spacing, centering, etc.) at clues everywhere but came up with some in· text listens to plain English. No prior knowledge genous problems. This one has captivated a very cheap price because we wrote it in of computers, special controls, or games is re­ people so much that I get calls daily from as BASIC. Includes 40 page manual and learning quirE!d so everyone enjoys them-even people far away as New Zealand and France from guide. Easily modified to handle almost any who do not like computers. bleary eyed people who are stuck in the printer combination. Available on disk or tape Except for Quest, itself unique among Ad­ Pyramid and desperate for more clues. for V IC20, COMMODOR E64, and TRS-80 venture games, Adventures are non-graphic . MARS by Rodger Olsen - Your ship crashed· COLOR computer. Requires 13k RAM on Adventures are more like a novel than a comic book or arcade game . It is like reading a par­ on the Red Planet and you have to get home. Vic, 16k EXTENDED on TRS-80 COLOR . ~ ticular exciting book where you are the main You will have to explore a Martian city, repair $19 .95 on tape $24 .95 on disk. ~€ character. your ship and deal with possibly hostile aliens GENE RAL LEDGE R - Complete bookkeep­ All of the Adventures in this ad are in Basic. to get home again. ing for a small business. Disk required . For They are full featured, fully plotted adventures Authors note to players - This is highly recommended as a first adventure. It is in no Vic20 (13k), Commodore64, TRS-SO COLOR that will take a minimum of thirty hours (in several sittings) to play. way simple -playing time normally runs from (16k EXTENDED). $69.95 (Send $1.00 for Adventuring requires 16k on Sinclair, TRS- 30 to 50 hours - but it is constructed in a manual before ordering.) 80, and TRS-80 Color. They require 8k on OSI more "open" manner to let you tryout ad­ and 13k on VIC-20 . Sinclair requi res extended venturing and get used to the game before BASIC. Now available for T199_ you hit the really tough problems.

TREK ADVENTURE by Bob Retelle - This one takes place aboard a familiar starship and is a must for trekkies . The problem is a famil ­ iar one - The ship is in a "decaying orbit" rm:~ (the CaPtain never could learn to park!) and the engines are out (You would that in ---'7/ I' '­ think all those years, they would have learned to LABYRINTH - 16K EXTENDED COLOR build some that didn't die once a week). Your BASIC - With amazing 3D graphics, you fight options are to start the engine, save the ship, your way through a maze faCing real time get off the ship, or die. Good Luck. monsters. The graphics are real enough to Authors note to players - I wrote this one cause claustrophobia. with a concordance in hand. It is very accurate Similar game for Timex/Sinclair 16k - hunting - and a lot of fun . It was nice to wander treasure insteaq of monsters $14.95 . around the ship instead of watching it on T.V .

DE RELICT by Rodger Olsen and Bob Ander­ son - For Wealth and Glory, you have to ran­ sack a thousand year old space ship. You'll have to learn to speak their language and - operate the machinery they left behind. The • hardest problem of all is toJive through it. QUEST by Bob Retelle and Rodger Olsen - :J-.:2;.I:-~4~ Authors note to players - This adventure THIS IS DIFFERENT FROM ALL THE Vo: ·~·:"w is the new winner in the "Toughest Adventure OTHER GAMES OF ADVENTURE!!!! It is at Aardvark Sweepstakes". Our most difficult played on a computer generated map of problem in writing the adventure was to keep Alesia. You lead a small band of adventurers ADVENTURE WRITING/DEATHSHIP by it logical and realistic. There are no irrational on a mission to conquer the Citadel of Moor­ Rodger Olsen - This is a data sheet showing traps and sudden senseless deaths in Derelict. lock. You have to build an army and then arm and feed them by combat, bargaining,explora­ how we do it. It is about 14 pages of detailed This ship was designed to be perfectly safe for its' builders. It just happens to be deadly to tion of ruins and temples, and outright ban· instructions how to write your own adven­ alien invaders like you. ditry. The game takes 2 to 5 hours to play tures. It contains the entire text of Deathship. and is different each time. The TRS-80 Color Data sheet - $3.95. NOTE: Owners of T199, version has nice visual effects and sound. Not TRS -80, TRS-80 Color, and Vic 20 computers Dungeons of Death - Just for the 16k TRS- 80 COLOR, this is the first D& D type game available on OSI. This is the most popular can also get Deathsh ip on tape for an addi­ game we have ever published. tional $5.00 . good enough to qualify at Aardvark. This is serious D&D that allows 1 to 6 players to go 32K TRS 80 COLOR Version $24.95. Dealers-We have the best deal going for you. on a Dragon Hunting, Monster Killing, Dun­ Adds a second level with dungeons and Good discounts, exchange programs, and fac­ geon Exploring Quest. Played on an on-screen more Questing. tory suPPOrt. Send for Dealer Information. map, you get a choice of race and character Authors- Aardvark pays the highest commis­ (Human, Dwarf, Soldier, Wizard, etc.), a PRICE AND AVAILABILITY: sions in the industry and gives programs the chance to grow from game to game, and a 15 All adventures are $14.95 on tape_ Disk widest possible advertising coverage. Send a page manual. At the normal price for an Ad­ versions are available on VIC/COMMODORE Self Addressed Stamped Envelope for our venture ($14.95 tape, $19.95 disk), this is a and TRS-80 Color for $2 .00 additional. $2.00 Au thors Information Pac kage. giveaway. shipping charge on each order.

Please specify sys tem on all orders ALSO FROM AARDVAR K - This is only a partial list of what we carry. We have a lot of other games (particularly for the TRS-80 Color and OSI) , business programs, blank tapes and disks and hardware. Send $1 .00 for our complete catalog. AARDVARK 2352 S. Commerce, Walled Lake, MI 48088 / (313) 669-3110 Phone Orders Accepted 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST. Mon.-Fri. TRS-80 COLOR TIMEX/SINCLAIR COMMODORE 64 VIC-20 $2.00 shipping on each order Circle No. 1 Commander June 1983/45 Pie Graph by Eric Giguere Peace River, Alberta, Canada

The Super Expander cartridge from all REM statements and lines that on­ zero (0), and so the line drawn by Commodore offers the VIC owner ly have a colon": " in them). This is a DRAW represents the start of the easy access to some remarkable demonstration of what you can circle. graphic capabilities. These graphics achieve with the Super Expander. All Line 30 gets a random number for can be used not only for entertain­ the program does is plot a circle, the degree, and gosubs 70 to find the ment, but also for more practical pur­ choose a random angle, and then col­ proper X-Y location it needs. The poses, such as creating graphs. This or in the two parts of the pie. It also DRAW in line 35 then draws a line from is the object behind this article-to alternates the pie colors for each draw­ the center to the appropriate point on show you how to use the Super Ex­ ing . It will continue to run until you hit the edge of the circle. This is the divi­ pander in the creation of graphs. Ac­ a key, at which time it will stop and sion line, and the pie is now separated tually, we're only going to deal with pie return to the text mode. By now you're into two parts. We could stop here, but graphs, but you can apply some of probably impressed with what can be I chose to add some color to the these methods to other kinds as well. done and want to know how I did it, graph, and so used the PAINT com­ so I won't keep you in suspense any mands in lines 40 and 45. The coding What is a Pie Graph? longer. After you read this, you'll pro­ preceding the paints is used to find an Figure 1 is an example of a pie bably think how easy it is! offset from the division line so that the graph. It is a circle divided up into PAINT routine will fill in the space bet­ various "pieces", each representing a First, we have to set up some variables, as done in line 15. Here we ween the lines (otherwise it won't do specific percentage of the pie as a anything). This done, line 50 prints out whole. Direct comparisons are easily define the function FNR(Z) to equal the the angle of the division line at the top made, as the larger the percentage, formula for generating a number bet­ corner of the screen and then waits the bigger the piece. It's a convenient ween 0 and Z. We then define all other while the VIC counts to a thousand. way of showing how resources or permanent variables. X and Yare the coordinates for the center of the The keyboard buffer is then checked money is being used, and how much screen, RX and RY are the circle's to see if a key has been pressed, and is being used exactly (of course, it if not then it returns to draw another doesn't just apply to money-it can be radius in X and Y, and C is a constant used in our formulas in lines 70 and graph. used for anything that totals up to 75. Notice that the X radius (RX) is less Lines 70 and 75 are the important 100%). Like they say, a picture is than the Y radius (RY). This is to ac­ parts of the program. They use SIN worth a thousand words, and that's and COS to find the actual point on the easy to see when compared with the count for the fact that the pixels (dots) edge of the circle that the angle T chart in Figure 2, which lists the same on the screen are shorter than they are refers to, and returns these in the information show in the pie graph. tall, and a circle with RX and RY the variables X% and Y%. This routine From which one do you absorb same would actually be an oval. Thus both variables are different to correct was from an article in the March 1983 the most information? Isn't it easier to issue of COMPUTE! magazine, and make conclusions from the graph than the problem and make sure the circle though I'm not exactly sure how it from the chart? That's the reasoning is indeed a circle. works, it does the job just fine, even behind the extensive use of charts in Line 20 randomly selects the two after a bit of careful modification. It business. Hey! There's a real use for colors in which the pie will be filled (but keeps the background and border col­ sure saved me a lot of trouble! these graphs with the Super Ex­ ors the same) , and then draws the cir­ pander! It can be used for business Pie Graphs and Percentages purposes! Got your interest now? cle with the CIRCLE command in the Good, because it isn't that hard and middle of the screen as defined by X Program 2 (Pie Graph 1) is also Y. We to mainly a demonstration, but it can be it is useful to be able to use pie and then proceed line 25, which draws a straight line from the modified for more practical purposes. graphs, if only to impress your friends! center of the circle to its right side. T It lets you enter a percentage from 1 Creating the Graph is used by the formulas in the X-Y to 99 and will then make a graph using Type in Program I (Pie Graph routine as the degree (0 to 359) that that figure. Although the program uses Demo) and RUN it (you can exclude you wish to use. In this case it equals only the integer portion of your figure 46/Com mander June 1983 so that it can be neatly displayed on the screen, the program can be quite accurate, down to about .S%. About the only thing different in Program 2 Commodore 64 as compared to Program 1 is line 12S, which calculates the proper angle for HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE your percentage by multyplying it by 360 and dividing it by 100. The rest is pretty well much the same as in Pro­ MASS STORAGE: gram 1. If you wish to stop the pro­ ) High Performance FLOPPY DISK gram, simply hit 'Q' after it has finish­ ( ~~~ISKII for Commodore 64 ed with the graph. PEDISK directly transfers data to computer memory. This and the 250000 bps transfer rate means performance up to 10 times faster than Conclusion a serial bus disk. Many useful adaptations can be Model C340-2 Dual 3' ... $995 .00 ModeICS77-1 SingleS' ... $1095.00 made to these programs. You can add Model C540-2 Dual 5' ... $S95.00 Model CS77-2 DualS' ... $1695.00 a printout module, labels, etc. In any 80 COLUMN VIDEO: case, these programs are good as demonstrations of the VIC's graphics Screenmaker so column VIDEO BOARD ...... $179.95 Give the 64 a screen full of characters. Screen maker gives a complete and the easy use of Super Expander set of characters (SOX24) in a 2K Video RAM . Software to link the system commands (few computers have a is included. PAINT command). I just hope that you enjoy these programs, and if there is WORD PROCESSING: enough interest, I might publish a few COPY-WRITER Professional Word Processor ...... $145.00 more programs like these for use with The next logical step in the evolution of Word Processors. Copy-Writer the Super Expander.D has the features found in the best and more. Double columns, shorthand, the works! Figure 1: Example Pie Graph show­ COMMUNICATIONS: ing the imaginary sales of an imag­ inary product. COM PACK Intelligent Terminal Package ...... $129 .95 A complete communications control center - record/read to/from disk­ convert files ASCII, BASIC, BINARY, MAE - print incoming data. Complete 2S% with software, port board and cable. SO% Canada LANGUAGES: U.S. fuIiFORTH+ enhanced fig Forth for Commodore 64 ... $100.00 Strings, floating point, editor, conditional assembler, interpreter, and more are included in fuliFORTH +. Target Compiler is also available for $50.00 KMMM PASCAL forCommodore 64 byWilserve . ... $S5.00 One of the newest HL languages, KMMM PASCAL isa true compiler that generates machine code from PASCAL source . . . FAST! Editor, Compiler, Translator included. UTILITIES: Copymaker SINGLE DISK BACKUP ROUTINE ...... $30.00 12.S% Copymaker allows a 1541 owner to quickly backup an entire floppy disk 12.S% England on ONE DRIVE! Simple swap prompting and full use of memory make this Other easy to use and essential for any disk owner. MAE Macro Assembler Editor from EHS ...... $ 99.95 MAE has become the standard of the 6502 industry by providing the power and ease of use needed by the best assembly programmers. MAE Figure 2: A chart showing the same is a complete development system including a word processor and lots information in Figure 1. of source goodies. M ICROTECH is your complete 64 center. Dealer inquiries invited. % Place P.O. BOX 102 SO.O USA 2S.0 Canada LANGHORNE, PA 19047 (MICROTECH] 215-757-0284 12.S England 12.S Other CIrcle No 6 Commander June 1983/47 .Program 1

1 REM P!E GRAPH DEMO ? c;:.Er'1 ~ REM ( C) \982 BY 4 PEt'1 5 REM. ERIC GIGUERE f. REt'" ? R~M BOX 901, PEACE RIVER 8 REM AL~ERTA CANADA ':, RFt1 10 GR!=iPH1 C 1 14 RFM SET UP VARIABLES 15 DEFFNR(Z)=INT(RND(1>*Z):X=511:Y=511:RX=300:RY=400:C=3.14;1~0 1.7 18 REM CHRNGE COLORS 19 ~FM ~ DRAWCIRCLE 20 COLOR0.1,FNR(16)+1 , FNR(16)+1:CIRCLE1,XJYJRX,RY

?d REM DRAWLINE AT g DEGREES ?5 T=0:GOSUB70:DRAW1,XlyroX%,Y%

29 REM GET RANDOMDEGREE 80 T=FNR(850)+5 :GOSUB70

84 REM DRAWDIVISION 35 DRRW1,XJYTOXXJY~

:'~7

39 REM FILL IN CIRCLE 40 T=T-5:M=1:GOSUB70:PAINT3,X%,YX ~5 T=T+10:GOSUB70 :PAINT2,X%,Y%:M=0

,~1.8 49 REM PAINT FIRST AREA 5~ T~=STR~(T):CHAR0,0,T$:FORI=lT01000:NEXT

54 REM CHECK TO SEE IF KEY PRESSED :55 OETA1:: I FA:t.() II II THE~'~: GRAPH I C4 : Hm 56 f::::7 6R REM CRLCULATEX-Y ....:.9 PE:M POSITrm~

7."1<1 ~,~~,~=~<+

8~1RETURt·~

48/ Commander June 1983 Program 2

~.0 POKE368?9 ., 27 : PR I HTCHR$ ( 142) ":'Iw.:. PIE GRAPH 1 " 1.5 PR I HT" P. (C )1983 B'T' E. GIGUERE" : PR I NT" ==------'- --- " 20 PR I ~n"'..-'OU WILL BE ASKED TO EHTER A PERCE~nAGE.II

2~ PR I HT II m PIE GRRPH L,JI LL THE~'~ BE GE~~ERATEDFROM I THE FIGURE YOU OAVE." 3~ PR 1.NT" :JUOU MA'T' PRESS AN'r' KE'T' TO START OVER AGA I t4 WHEN THE ORAPH IS FHHSHFD." 35 PR I NT" ms HIT At·fT' KE'T' TO START "

40 GFTA~::I FA$=" "THEN40 45 POKE36879.' 27' : PR I HT II ~" : I FA$e: II Q II THE~~E"m ~0 PR I NT II PERCEt·nAGE TO GRAPH? "; : OOSUB 1000 !5~p= I NT ( IN) : I FP( 1 ORP)99THENPR I NT ".,\/ALUE OUT OF RANGE:. ll" : GOTO~0 1000RAPHIC1 : X=503 : Y=X:RX=300:RY=400:C=3.14/180:M=0 110 COLOR0.1.10.1~:CIRCLE1,X'YJRX.RY 120 T=0 : GOSUB300:DRAW1,X.YTOXX.YX 1'5 T=P*360/100:GOSUB300:DRAW1.X,YTOXX~Y% 130 T=T-5 : M=1:00SUB300:PAINT3.XX.Y% 135 T=T+10:008UB300:PRINT2.XX.YX 14~ S:t=r1III$(STR$(P)" 2)+" X": REGlma 14~ CHFlfU0 ., 115., S$

'9~ WAITI97~64,64:GRAPHIC4:GETA$:GOT04~ 300 X%=X+(RX-M*100)*COS(T*C) 310 Y~~Y+(RY-M*100)*SIN(T*C) 32rt RETURN 1000 OPEN1,0 : INPUT#1.IN$:CLOSE1:PRINT:IN=VAL(IN$):RETURN f;'EAJ)'T'•

TIl~f)UI 4-f)/Sf) VIU~()CAI2TI2IUf3~~ Quantum Data, Inc. produces two 40/80 Video Cartridges For the Commodore VIC-20 computer. The Video Cartridge which does not contain memory, and the Video Combo Cartridge which contains 16K RAM composed of eight 6116 CMOS memory chips. The 40/80 Video Cartridge or the 40/80 Video Combo Cartridge is the means to upgrade the VIC-20 computer to a 40 x 24 or an 80 x 24 character display. This provides a wealth of new uses For the VIC-20 and with the appropriate software you can now accomplish quality word processing and various business Functions that previously were difficult to achieve with only the VIC's standard 22 character video display. Both Cartridges Feature a screen printing routine and a terminal emulator routine which are written in BASIC so that you can add these capabilities to your programs. Either Cartridges can be plugged into the memory expansion port of the VIC-20 or an expansion chaSSis. The 40 character mode may be easily viewed on most standard T.V. sets but a monitor is required For the 80 column mode to provide the necessary additional resolution. VIDEO CARTRIDGE $159.95 VIDEO COMBO CARTRIDGE $259.95 Call (714) 553-1945 to place your order todayl .~ Ask for other \/1(-20 hordwore end softwore peripherolsl

QUANTUMDATA, INC. 14252 Culver Drive, Suite A, Box 285, Irvine, CA 92714 Items In stock reodl,! for immediate deliverl,! ~saor Mastercard accepted. Above prices retai l in US dollars Shipping and handling not included. Clfele No 36 1(,20 IS a trademark of Commodore uSlness Iv'.achlncs Commander June 1983/49 ~ ======A5TROBLITZ TRAINMAN " &AMI OR CMlIIID8IIOA1111 CDIMODOM 64 -

THIS GAME IS AlSO AVAIlABLE FOR THE VlC·20. THIS GAME IS ALSO AVAIlABlE FOR THE VlC·20. CREATIVE *Based on survey of distributors and retailers. These Home Appli­ Copyright 1983 by Creative Software. All rights reserved. cation Programs SOFrWARE are also available A Division 01AS CI. Ire. 'VIC·20," "COMMODORE" and "COMMODORE 64" 230 East Caribbean Drive are trademarks of COMMODORE ELEGRONICS, LTD. for the VIC-20. Sunnyvale, CA 94086

Set 7. It also stores a short machine Character Editor for Commodore 64 language program and the data for a sprite, used by the editor, into memory. Finally, it loads the Character Editor into memory and runs it. The CHAR BOOT program (listing 1) has been listed showing all the cursor con­ trol characters within square brackets to simplify entering the program. Cassette users should leave out the ",8" in line 35 and make certain that the CHAR EDITOR program (listing 2) is saved immediately after the CHAR BOOT program on tape. How to Use the Editor Once the Character Editor is up and running, you will see an 8x8 grid in the upper half of the screen, at the left hand side It is called the EDIT GRID. On the bottom half of the screen, you will see 64 characters enclosed by a by Garry G. Kiziak border, with the label "CHARACTER Burlington, Ontario SET 2" at the top, and a box cursor flashing over the"@ " character. The characters that are normally it is pOSSible to have the VIC chip There are two distinct modes in the PRINTed or POKEd to the screen on "look" at a different bank in which they editor, Character Selection Mode and the COMMODORE 64 are stored in are usable, but for our purposes we Edi.t Mode. ROM. There are two different shall only consider sets 1, 4, 5, 6, and In Edit Mode, several commands character sets, each occupying 2K 7 as being available. Since these sets are available that allow you to create (2048) bytes of memory. are located in the same part of and edit the characters in your The GRAPHICS character set (the memory that a BASIC program nor· character set. usual uppercase characters and the mally occupies, it may be necessary In Character Selection Mode, there special graphics characters) is enabl· to move your BASIC program up in are commands to help you select the ed with a POKE 53272,21 while the memory whenever you use a RAM character set you want to work with, TEXT set (the lowercase characters) is character set (see (1) for details on the character you want to edit, as well enabled with a POKE 53272,23. how this is done). If your program is as commands to load and save your It is possible to have character sets relatively small (6K-12K), relocation completed character sets. stored in RAM on the 64-actually 8 may not be necessary. In such cases, sets are possible but only 5 are usable. character sets 5, 6, or 7 can be used Character Selection Mode The RAM character sets are number­ and can even be saved with the When you first run the editor and ed 0 to 7. Each set occupies 2K of BASIC program itself (again, see (1) for see the box cursor flashing over the memory and is enabled by poking details). "@" character, you are in Character location 53272 with an appropriate The CHARACTER EDITOR present­ Selection Mode. The label " CHAR­ value. Table 1 contains a summary of ed in this article will allow you to ACTER SET 2" reminds you that you the locations used by these characters create, edit, etc. characters in any of are presently viewing the first 64 char­ sets and the values required to enable these five character sets. The char­ acters in character set 2, the normal them. (See Table 1.) acter sets that you create can be sav­ Graphics set. As we mentioned earlier, Character set 0 is not usable since ed to disk or cassette for later use in this set is in ROM and cannot be this part of memory is used by the your own programs. edited. One of the commands avail­ operating system and screen memory. able to you in this mode allows you to Notice that the pokes that enable Entering the Programs change from one character set to character sets 2 and 3 in fact enable In order to use the Character Editor, another. To do this, press an y one of the ROM character sets (The VIC chip you will have to type in two separate the keys 1,2, 3,4 , 5, 6, or 7. Pressing " sees" the ROM sets in these loca­ programs, the CHAR BOOT program any of these keys at this time (except tions even though they are actually and the CHAR EDITOR program. The for 2 or 3) will produce garbage on the stored in high memory) . Thus CHAR BOOT program alters the point­ screen. This Occurs simply because character sets 0,2 , and 3 are not nor­ ers in zero page so that the Character you don't have any characters stored mally usable. I say normally because Editor can be loaded above Character in the necessary RAM locations. Press 52/comm ander June 1983 the 2 or 3 key now to make the screen readable once again. Table 1 About the only useful command that Character Set Location Enable With you can use at this time involves press­ o o - 2047 POKE 53272,17 ing the COMMODORE key and the 1 2048 - 4095 POKE 53272,19 " L" key simultaneously. You should 2 4096 - 6143 POKE 53272,21 see the message " LOAD FROM 3 6144- 8191 POKE 53272,23 ROM " displayed at the top of the 4 8192 - 10239 POKE 53272,25 screen and Just below it the prompt 5 10240 - 12287 POKE 53272,27 " GRAPHICS OR TEXT" with the G of 6 1 2288 - 14335 POKE 53272,29 GRAPHICS and T of TEXT highlighted 7 14336 - 16383 POKE 53272,31 in reverse. Press one of these keys (G or 1) now. Immediately the program will ask you " TO WHICH SET ". Listing 1 Answer 1 for the time being (you could 10 PEr'l choose 1, 4, 5, 6, or 7). Immediately, 15 PEM CHRACTEREDITOR BOOT character set 1 will be displayed and 20 PEt'1 the characters will be loaded from 25 POKE 53280, 14 :POKE 53281.6 ROM into that character set. When the 30 Pf;,~ItH"[CLEAF::] [l,JHITEJ [Dm-U·n [IIOWt·n [DO flashing box cursor returns, you are WN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWNJ back in Character Selection Mode and [DOWN]EDOWN][DOWN][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT] ready to proceed. Here are the com­ [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIG mands available to you in Character HT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[ Selection Mode. RIGHT]LOAD 1 t·H3 ••• [Dm~t·n[DOW~ J " : GOSUB11)(1 Keystroke / Action :35 PR1 tH "[ HOt'lE][BL.UE] LOAD II CHF.~$':: :34) "CHff 11 CRSR-RT, -LFT, -UP, -OWN­ F.: ED 1 TOP"CHF.:$ 0:::34) " _, 8 These keystrokes move the box cur­ 40 FOR 1=0 TO 63:READ X:POKE 704+I,X:NEXT sor to any of the 64 characters 45 FOR 1=0 TO 79:READ X:POKE 896+I,X:NEXT displayed on the screen. Notice that 50 FOR 1=0 TO 18:READ X:POKE 976+I,X:NEXT wraparound occurs to the next line 55 FOR 1=1 TO 8:READ X:POKE 630+I,X:NEX horizontally and the same column T vertically. 60 POKE 19:::.,8 Return - This selects the character 65 POKE 44,64:POKE 16*1024,0:CLR:NEW inside the box cursor for editing. The 10£1 PF.:1 NT" [F.:E',/] [OFF] [F.~EV][OFF] character is displayed on the Edit Grid [REV] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] in an enlarged format, and to the right [REV] [OFF] [F.:E',/] [OFF] [F.:EV] (0 of the Edit Grid, in normal format, in FF] (REV] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] each of the 16 available colours. At this 110 PR I tn II [RE"'~][OFF] [RE',l] [OFF] point you are in Edit Mode and you [F.:EV] [OFF] [RE',/] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] [F.:E can proceed to edit the character on I,,.'] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] [REV] the grid. [OFF] [RE',lJ [OFF] [F~EV][OFF] [F.:EV-J CTRL-N- This displays the NEXT [OFF] [F.:EV] [OFF] [F.:E',/] [OFF] Il 64 characters of the present character 12121F'PItH [F.:EV] [OFF] [F~EV][OFF]­ set at the bottom of the sc reen . (There [REV] [OFF] [REV] [OFF]-[REV] [OFF] [RE are 256 characters in each character V] [OFF]' [PEV) [OFF]-[REV] [OFF] [REV set. but only 64 are displayed at any ] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] [~:EV][OFF]- [ given time. Pressing CTRL-N four REI,,..][OFF]'" 13121 . ----- times in succession will bring you back PPItH" to the original 64 characters. -- -- . CTRL-P- Displays the PREVIOUS 14121PF.: I t-n II [F.:E',/] [OFF] [F.:EV] 64 characters of the present character [OFF] [REV] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] [REV set. ] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] 15121PF.:ItH Il [REV] [OFF] [REV] CTRL-B-A llows you to change the BACKGROUND colour of the screen. [OFF] [PEV] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] [REV] [ Actually, like the Sprite Editor in [1) it OFF] [REV] [OFF] [REV] [OFF] [REV] [OF [F.:EV] steps through the 16 available colours. F] [OFF] Continued on page 56 Commander June 1983/53 Game-CONTEST

Terms for Game Contest First prize will be awarded to the person with the highest score. The winning entry must contain a photo­ graph of the highest score of the game, a Creative Software package front and proof of purchase slip. Entries must be mailed to Com­ mander, Creative Software Contest, PO Box 98827, Tacoma, WA 98498. All entries must bemailed . as postmarks are required to determine the earliest winning entry. In the event of a tie, duplicate prizes will be award­ ed. Employees of Creative Software and their families may not participate. First prize will be $250, second prize $100, third prize $50. The contest will run until a first prize is awarded. Creative Software will notify Commander Magazine of the winner(s) .

The Game Contest is a continuing feature of Com­ mander Magazine aimed at providing entertainment for and promoting competition among our readers. Creative Software has graciously provided us with this Game Contest.

DEADLINE FOR ENTRIES­ AUGUST 1, 1983

Trashman may be purchased from Creative Software or anyone of its fine dealers: 230 East Caribbean Drive Sunnyvale, CA 1-408-745-1655

54/Commander June 1983 DR

Only COMMANDER will do all this GUIDE Reports that give you hands-on, user oriented information on the entire range of Commodore Computers • More comparison charts, diagrams, instructional illustra­ tions, and how-to photos than any other publication in the field • Articles written by the top working experts in the field. Innovative ways to use your computer equipment-from self-improvement INSTRUCT to home security. Valuable tricks and practical advice on how to get the most from your investment in the high tech field of computers • In depth and unbiased analyses of the latest in educational software. Fascinating glimpses into the wonders of the computer future • Profiles of ENTERTAIN the industry' s most creative people • Provocative discussions on the impact com­ puters will have on you and your family. SIMPLIFY Critical comparisons of the Commodore Computers • Exactly how your computer equipment works • What those computer "buzz words" mean and ex­ pensive " special featu res" do • Usefu I trou ble-shooti ng & mai ntenance advice. INFORM An expanded directory of the latest programs on ROM-PAK, tape and disc • New product previews of the latest and best equipment on the market • Exciting technologies in development for tomorrow • Important applications of computers for health, education, business, and the public good • New directions in computers • Much More ... Subscribe now and take advantage of our limited Offer of $4 off the one year subscriptions

-Subscription Orders Only­ Toll Free Number: 1-800-426-1830 DON'T MISS OUT (except WA , HI, AK) COMMANDER on the most informative PO BOX 98827 TACOMA, WASHINGTON 98498 magazine dedicated to the (206) 565-6818 o 1 YR. $22 0 2 YR. $40 COMMODORE COMPUTERS o 3 YR. $58 (Prices do not include $4 discount) HAVE YOU GOT WHAT Prices in U.S. Funds Washington resident s please add 78% s.}les lax IT TAKES TO BE A Allow S·b wee ks for delivery. R Commander June 1983/55 CTRL-E-Steps through the 16 EDGE (Border) colours. 160 F'PI tH" [PE'·/ J [OFF J -.. [F.:E'·.·'] Any of the # keys 1 to 7-Displays [OFF] [F~E"/J [OFF] [~:E'...' ] [OFF] [F~E'·,,'][ the corresponding character set for OFF] [F.:E',/] [OFF J [RE'·."J [OFF J [PE',,..J [OF editing. Remember that character sets FJ-l 2 and 3 can be displayed but cannot 170 PPltH" be ed ited. • [HOt'1E J CTRL-L-Loads a character set 18[1 RETUF.:t·~ from disk into memory. You are prompt­ 1000 DATA 255,255,0.255,255,0,192,3,0,1 ed for the FILENAME of the set. If 92,3,0,192,3,0.192 DATA it is found, it IS loaded into the same 1010 3.0,192,3,0,192,3,0,192,3.0,1 S-I2.. :3 .. [1) 192.1 :::: set (1, 4, 5, 6, or 7) that it was orginal­ Iy saved to. 1020 DATA 0,192,3,0,192,3,0,255,255 . 0,2 (1, 0 .. I~L(1 SHIFT-L-LOADS a character set 55.255. DATA from cassette into memory. 1030 (1.0,0,0.0.0,0,0,0,0,0.0,(1,0,0

.' ~1 C = -L-LOADS the ROM character 1040 DATA 160,7.177,251,162,O,42,62,157 set that you specify (GRAPHICS or ,3,232,224.8,208.247.136 TEXT) into the character set that you 1050 DATA 16.240,160,7.185.157,3,145,25 specify 1,136.16.248.96.234.234,234 CTRL-S-SAVES the character set, 1060 DATA 234,234.234.234,234,169,148,1 presently being displayed (ed ited) , to 33,251.169)5;133)252.162,7.160 disk. You are prompted for a 1070 DATA 7.169.46.126,157,3.144.2.169, FILENAME and the number of the set 81,145.251,136.16,242,56 you wish to save that set to. Notice that 1080 DATA 165,251,233,40.133,251,165,25 even if you are presently editing 2.233,0,133.252.202.16,224.96 character set 1, you can save it to 1090 DATA 162.8.160.0,177.251.145.253,2 character set 4, 5, 6, or 7 if you wish. 00.208,249.230.252)230,254,202,208/242. SHIFT-S-SAVES the character set 96 presently being edited to cassette. 2000 DATA 19,13,32,32,82,85,78.13 CTRL-K-Allows you to select a READ'.,.. character for editing by pressing the corresponding key (rather than by moving the box cursor to it and press­ ing RETURN) . As soon as CTRL-K is Listing 2 pressed the message " WHICH KEY" 100 PT=160:POKE 953,PT:X1=52 :Y1=166 : IF is displayed on the screen. Press V=0 THEN GOSUB 1120 RETURN and you are back in Char­ 110 PRINT LEFTS(V$,5)TAB(18)LEFTS(BL$,9 acter Selection Mode. (Do this if you pressed CTRL-K by accident or if you 120 PRINT:PRINT TAB(18)LEFT$(BLS,16) have changed your mind.) Pressing 130 GOSUB 610:GOSUB 1160:GOSUB 620:GOSU any other key on the keyboard will B 860: GOSUB 65~j display that character on the Edit Grid 140 FOR 1=0 TO 7 :P=PEEK(L+I) :POKE Z+I,P and put you in Edit Mode. Shifted : t'~E>::T characters and characters obtained by 150 GOSUB 570:X=0 :Y=0 :GOSUB 590 first pressing the COMMODORE key 160 P=1148+X+V*40:Q=PEEK(P) :R=Q can be selected by this means­ 170 R=(NOTRAND128)ORCNOT128ANDR) control characters, of course, cannot. 18121POKE P.R Even reverse video characters can be 19121FOR 1:::1 TO 3~j:GET AS: IF AS="" THEN selected by preceding the key of your t'~E>::T: GOTO 17121 choice with the RVS (actually CTRL-9) 2121121POKE P. G! key. 21121IF A$="[~:IGHT]"THEN ><=O.;:+1)AND-,."':GO I found this method of selecting a TO 160 character useful when I attempted to 22121IF A$= II [LEFT] II THEt·~X= (>::-1) At·m7 : GOT create a wide (i.e. double width) I) 160 character set. Each character in this 23121IF AS=II [DOL.JNJ II THEN ',..=('.,.+ 1 ) At~D7: GOT set is actually two characters. I found o 160 it convenient to store the left half of a 56/ Commander June 1983 character in its normal location (eg the A key) and the right half of the 24(1 IF A$= II [UP] " THEt4 'T'= 0::'T'·-l ) At·m? : GOTO 16121 character in the shifted character (i.e 25121 IF A$:DES THEN X=(X-1)AND7:P=1148+X the SHIFT-A key). Trying to select a +Y*412t:POKE P,46 : T=Z+Y key by moving the box cursor to it 26121 IF A$=DES THEN POKE T.PEEKO::T)ANDH(X each time was very time consuming ):GOTO 16121 and error prone, especially when 27~3I FA:$:=" " THEt·~POKE F'.,46: T=2+'T' : POI(E some characters are so similar in ap­ T.PEEKO::T)ANDH(X):X=O::X+1)AND7:GOTO 16121 pearance (e.g. SHIFT-H and SHIFT-Y). 2:::0 I FA:$:=" ." THEt4 POKE P, PT : T=2+'1' : POKE T.PEEK(T)ORM(X):X=(X+1)AND7:GOTO 160 Q-QUITS the editor. Once you have quit the editor, you may restart 29~:1IF A$=" [CLEAR J" THEt4 CiOSUB 62121:GO!3U B 64121:X=I21:¥=I2I:GOTO 16121 it, with all the characters in tact, sim­ ply by typing RUN. The CHAR BOOT 3~:1121IF AS=" Q" THEN GO:3UB 620: GO:3UB 64~j: program does not have to be reload­ DC=32:GOSUB 53121:DC=255:GOSUB 65121:GOTO 14121 ed and run. Note: Some of these com­ 31121 IF AS=" [HOt'1E]" THEt·~>:::;:121: '1'=121 : GOTO 16 mands do not work when viewing 121 character set 2 or 3 since these sets 32121 IF A$:CR$ THEN X=0:Y=(¥+1)AND7:GOTO cannot be edited. 16~::1 :3:3(1 IF AS="." THEt·4 FOR 1=1 TO 7: POKE Z+ Edit Mode-Once the character I-1,PEEK(Z+I):NEXT:POKE Z+7JI21:GOSUB 57121 you have selected is displayed in the 34121 IF AS="." THEt·~16121 EDIT GRID, there are a number of :35121IF A$="~"THEt·4 FOR 1=7 TO 1 STEP -1 commands available that simplify the :POKE Z+I,PEEK(Z+I-l):NEXT:POKE Z,121 creation or editing of this character. If :36121I F AS: """ THEt4 GOSUB 57121:GOTO 16~j you typed in the SPRITE EDITOR in [1] 37121 I F AS: "'I" THEt4 FOR I =13 TO 7: POKE Z+ then you will find that the following I. (PEEK(Z+I)*2)AND255:NEXT commands work in exactly the same I :38121IF A$= "II" THEt·~GOSUB 57121:GOTO 16~3 way. 39121 IF A$: "II" THEt·~FOR I =121TO 7: POKE Z+ CLR-Clears the edit grid (and the I.(PEEK(Z+I)!2):NEXT character being edited). 4121121IF A$=" II" THEt·~GOSUB 57~3:GOTO 16~3 HOME-Places the cursor in the 41121 IF AS=" [REV]" THEt·~FOR 1=121 TO 7: R=P upper left corner (the home position) EEK(Z+I):R=(NOTRAND255)OR(NOT255ANDR) without affectng anything else on the 42121 IF AS=" [REV]" THEt4 POKE Z+ I • R : t'~E>n: screen. GOSUB 57121:GOTO 16121 43121 IF AS=" l=:t" THEt4 BG= (BG+ 1 ) AND 15 : POKE CRSR-RT,-LFT, -UP, -DWN­ 53281.BG:GOTO 16121 Used to move the flashing cursor around the edit grid without affecting 44121 IF AS=" [~JHITE]"THEt4 B~:=(BR+1)A~m15 anything else on the screen. :POKE 5328121.BR:GOTO 16121 442 IF A$=".I"A~m'T'(7THEN FOR 1=7 TO Y+1 .- Turns the block under the STEP-1:POKEZ+IJPEEK(Z+I-1) : NEXT:POKEZ+ flashing cursor (and the corresponding '1',121 pixel of the character) on. 444 IF A$=" •• " A t·m',.'(7 THEN GOSUB 57~3:130TO SPACE- Turns the block under the 160 flashing cursor off. 446 IF A$=" 11]11At·m'1'(7 THEt4 FOR 1 =.,.' TO 6: P DEL- Turns the block to the left of OKEZ+I.PEEK(Z+I+l):NEXT:POKEZ+7.0 the cursor off (taking into account 448 IF AS= 1111]11At·m'1'(7 THEt·~GOSUB 57~1:GOTO wraparound). 160 RETURN-Moves the cursor to the 449 IF (A$=" .111ORF"i$= "11]" ) At·W',.'=? THEt4 POKE beginning of the next line. 2+YJ0:GOSUB 57121:GOTO 160 F1,F3,F5,F7-Moves the entire 450 IF A$="£" THEN IJOSUB 58121:G0:3UB 57121: grid up, down, left, or right one line or GOTO 16121 column. 455 IF A$=";I" THE~4FOR I =121TO 3: Z2=PEEK CTRL-R-REVERSES the entire (Z+I):POKEZ+IJPEEK(Z+7-I):POKEZ+7-IJZ2: grid (and character). NE~0ANDA<8AHD details.) FK=0THENCS=A:GOSUB610:POKEI570JCS+176:G 5) In some circumstances, it might OT0670 be practical to store a partial character 700 IF A$="13" At·m FK=0 THEt~BG= (BG+ 1 ) AN set in DATA statements. Therefore DI5:POKE 53281,BG:GOTO 670 listing 3, is a short program (CHARS 710 IF A$=" [l~HITE]II AHD FK=0 THENBR=(B TO DATA) that will perform the R+l)ANDI5:POKE 53280/BR:GOTO 670 necessary conversion (it will even do 720 IF A$=IIIIIITHEt·~ TT=(TT+1 )AND:3: GOSUB an entire character set if you wish) . 860 : GOTO67€1 With the character set in memory (e.g. 725 IF A$=";i" THEt·~TT=(TT-l )AND3:GOSUB after pressing Q in the Character 86~j: GOTO 67121

Editor) , load and run this program 730 IF A$=II Q II At·m FK=0 THENPOKE '.1+21, 0 You will be asked for the starting line : PRItH"[CLEAR] "; : Et·m number for the DATA statements, the 7:35 IF A$=" I" At·m FK=0 THENPOKE V+2L a increment, the number of the char­ :GOSUB1600:GOTO 670 acter set (1,4 ,5,6,7), the number of the character in that set at which to begin 740 IF A$="III AND FK=0 THENPOKE V+2L 0 (0 to 255), and the number of char­ :GOSUB880 :GOTO670 acters to convert. After the conversion Commander June 1983/59 is complete, delete lines 0-12 and save

the resulting DATA statements. You 742 IF A$="L" At·m FI<=e THEt·~F'OI{E '· ... +21 J ~:1 can then append these DATA :GOSUB 198121:GOTO67121 statements to any BASIC program in 745 IF CS=2 OR CS=3 THEN 670 which you wish to use those 750 IF AS=" [RIGHT]" THEt·~21 = (Z 1+ 1) AI··Ht63 characters (see below). 76~3IF A$="[LEFT]" THH~ Z1=(Z1-1)At·Ht6:;: 77121IF A$="[UPJ" THEt·~Z1=(Z1-16)At·m63 Appending a BASIC Program 78121IF AS="[DOloJt·n" THEr-~Z1=(Z1+16)AND6~3 785 IF AS=" 3" At~DFK=O THEt·~FK= 1 : GOTO 1 Appending one BASIC program to 40~3 the end of another can be done quite 79121IFAS=CRSTHENGOSUB54a :GOSUB620:DC=32 easily on the 64. Here are the steps : GOSUB59121:DC=255 : P=Z1 +TT*64: L=CB+P*8: F.:ETURt·~ required. 81121IF A$=" [HOt'1EJ" mw FK=~jTHEt·~ POKE V 1) Make certain that the program to +21,e:GOSUB 97e:GOTO 678 be appended has line numbers 815 IF AS="." At~DFK=~) THEt·~ POKE '.,1+21.. 121 greater than the largest line number in :GOSUB 177e:GOTO 67121 the other BASIC programs. (The 82121Y1=INT(Z1/16):X1=Z1-Y1*16:Yl=166+16 CHARS TO DATA program allows you *'T'1: POKE '·... +21, ~3 to choose the starting line number for 83121IF X1(13 THEN X1=52+X1*16:FL=e:GOT085121 the DATA statements so this should be 84121IF X1)12 THEN X1=-12+(X1-12)*16:FL= no problem.) 1 858 POKE V+16)FL:POKE V,X1:POKE V+l,Y1: 2) Turn the computer off and then POKE V+21,1 :GOTO67121 on again to make certain that certain 86121J=1548:FORI=0T063:K=IAND15:IF K=0 T

pointers have not been altered by the HEt·~J=J+:::~) previous program that you used. Then 87121POKE 2*K+J,I+TT*64:NEXT:RETURN load the original program into REM memory. 874 **************************** 875 REM* * 3) In direct mode, type 876 REM* LOADA CHARACTERSET * PRINT PEEK(45) 877 REM* FROMDISK * If this number is 0 or 1, then add a 878 REM* * dummy line (such as 0 REM) to your 879 REM**************************** ::::::::10PRItH "[HOt1EJ[F.:IGHTJ [F.:IGHTJ [F.:IGHTJ [ program and repeat step 3. RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGH 4) Again in direct mode, type T][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][R POKE 43 ,PEEK(45)-2:POKE 44, IGHT] [F.:IGHT][RIGHT] [F.:IGHT]______PEEK(46):CLR " 89121PR ItH "[F.:IGHT][F.: IGHT] [RI GHT]ERI GHT] 5) If you try to list your programs, [RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ[ RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT][RIG nothing will list, but it is still there­ HT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][ hidden. Now load in the program to be RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][REV] LOAD appended. After loading, you can list [OFFJ" that program but the original is still not 9121121PRI tH "[RIGHT] [R I GHT][R I GHT][RIGHT] there. [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIG 6) Now type in HT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][ POKE 43,1 :POKE 44,8CLR RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT][REV] FROMDISK The original program should now list [OFFJ" along with the appended program. If 91121LI=7:COL=18:LE=16:PRINT LEFTS(VS,5) you had to type in a dummy line in TAB(18) "FILE~~At'1E:" step 3., delete it now and save the 92121t1:3GS=" [OFF] [OFF] " : GOSUB 12:3121;FLS=" 121 resulting program to disk or tape. : "+U~$ 93121 I F U~$=III' THEt·~PR un LEFTS('0/$,5) TAB (18)" " : GOSUB116121: RETUF.:t·~ References 94121 OPEt·~ 1.8,15 .. "10" [1]A SPRITE EDITOR FOR THE 950 OPEN 21810,FL$:GOSUB 1340 :CLOSE2:CL COMMODORE 64-by Garry G. OSEI Kiziak, Volume 1, Issue 3 (February 960 LOADFL$,8,1 1983) of the COMMANDER. 60/Com mander June 1983 964 REM**************************** 965 REM* * 966 REM* SAVE A CHARACTERSET * 967 REM* TO DISK * 968 REM * * 969 REM**************************** 97121PR I tH "[ HOt'1E][F.: I GHT][F.: I CiHT][F.: I GHT][ RIGHT)[RIGHT][RIGHT] (RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGH T](RIGHT](RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][R IGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT] [F.:IGHT] ______" 98121F'RItH II[RIGHT] [F.:IGHT][F.:IGHTJ [RIGHT] [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIG HT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][ RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][REV] SAVE [OFF]II 99121F'F: I tH II[R I GHT][R I GHT][F.: I (3HT][R I GHT] [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT][RIG HT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][ RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][REV] TO DISK [OFF]" 1121121121LI=7:COL=18:LE=16:PRINT LEFT$(V$J5 )TAB( 1:3>IIFILE~mt'1E: II

1~j 1[1 t'lSG:t=II [OFF] [OFF] II : GOSUB12:30: FL$=" II 121:II+IN$+", PRe3-WRITE U32121IF H~$="IITHEt·4 PRItH LEFT$("/$,5:nA B( 18) II ": GOSUB116~j: RETURt,~

11213121LI =9 : COL::::19 : LE=1 : t'1~3G$=II[OFF] SA",/E T I] SET? [OFF] II : GOSUB12:3121 : TS='."IAL( I t·~$) 11214121IF T5(1 OR T5=2 OR T5=3 OR IS)7 TH

Et·~1 er3G 105~jOPEt -.l 1., 8, 15, II Ie" ; GOSUB1 :34121 11216121OPEN 2,8,1,FL$:GOSUB 1340 11217121PRINTI2,CHR$(e);CHR$(8*TS); 112180FORI=0T07:K=CB+256*I:FORJ=0T0255:P RINTI2,CHR:t(PEEKCK+J»; :NEXT:GOSUB134e: t·~E:X:T: CL05E2 11219121CLOSE1:PRINT LEFTS(VSJ5>TAB(18>LEF T$(BLS,9):PRINT:PRINT TAB(18)LEFT$(BLS, 16) 110121PRINT LEFT'(V$,9)TAB(18)LEFT$(BL$, 18) : GO~3UB116121 1110 F.:ETURt·~ 1114 REM**************************** 1115 REM* * 1116 REM * INITIALIZE VARIABLES * 1117 REM* ANDENABLE CURSOR * 1118 REM* * 1119 REM**************************** 1120 F'RItH II [CLEAR][WHITE]" : '.1=53248: CL= IG24+5*40+18:DC=255:CS=2 1131211,/$=" [H0f01E] [DOL,Jt-.l] [DmJt-.l] [DOWt·~] [DOL,H·4] tnoWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DO WN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN] [DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][DO ~JN]II : BL$=II II

Commander June 1983/61 1140 POKE 2040Jl1 :POKE 5327110:POKE 532 77J0 :DE$=CHR$(20):CR$=CHR$(13) 1150 FOR 1=0 TO 7:M(I)=2t(7-I):H(I)=255 -M(I):NEXT:RETURN 1155 REM**************************** 1156 REM * * 1157 REM * SCREENDISPLAY * 1158 REM* * 1159 REM**************************** 1160 PF::ItH II[HOt1E] [R I GHT][RIGHT] [RI GHT] [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIG HT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][ RIGHTHRIGHT] II 1170 PR1 tH II[R I GHT][~: I GHT] [F:: 1 GHT] [F~I GHT ][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RI GHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT] [R I GHT] [~:EV] CHA~:ACTER [ OFF] II 11:3~3PRItH II [F.:IGHT][~:IGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT ](RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RI GHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ

[RIGHT] [~:E',.,,]EIIITOR [OFF] II 1190 PRItH LEFT$( ...·'$J 13)TAB(11) " __ _ _ II 1200 PRItH II[RIGHTHRIGHT] [REI",I ] CHARACTERSET II C::3"[LEFT] [OFF] ___ _

."1210 FOR 1=1 TO 9: PRHH II[RIGHT] [F::IGHTJ [REV]I[RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGH T][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][R IGHT][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT ][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RI GHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT] [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIG HT]I II: NE>c:T 1220 PRItH II [RIGHTHRIGHT] -[REV]u__ _ 7 [HOt1E]II : RETU

Rt~ 1225 REM **************************** 1226 REM * * 1227 REM * INPUT ROUTINE * 1228 REM* * 1229 REM**************************** 1230 '1'9=2: I t·tf.=II II : UC==0: UB$:::LEFT$ (BL$ J LE) : GOSUB1 :330 : UB$:::II II: UC=3 1240 UT=TI 1250 GET Z9$: IF Z9$=1I1I THE~~1310 1260 IF Z9$=CR$ THEN Y9=2:GOSUB 1330:PR 1tH II[LEFT] [LEFT] II: RETURt·~ 1270 IF Z9$=DE$ THENON -(LENCIN$)=0) G OTO 1310:IN$=LEFT$(IN$)LEN(IN$)-1):GOTO 1310 1280 IF (ASC(Z9$)AND127)(32 OR Z9$=CHR$ (34) THEt·~1310 1290 IF LE=LENCIN$) THEN 1310 1300 IN$=IN$+Z9$ 1310 GOSUB1330 : IF TI-UT(10 THEN 1250

62/ Comm ander June 1983 C-64 compute $399.00 BUSINESS USES FOR YOUR VIC-20® VIC-20® Pel'1lonal Computer 147.00 SS Accounts Payable & Receivable $29.95 VIC-1515 Printer 334.95 CW-107A Home Calculation Program Pack 4S.95 VIC-1530 DataseHe 67.50 CPV-31 Data Flies - your storage is unlimited 14.95 VIC-1541 Disk Drive 347.00 CPV-96 Household Finance Package - to 30.95 VIC-1010 Expansion Module 139.95 keep records of all your household expenses VIC-1311 Joystick 9.95 CPV-20S Bar-Chart - display your nume"cal data S.95 VIC-1312 Game Paddles 19.95 CH Turtle Graphics - learn programming 34.95 Telephone Modem 99.95 CH VIC Forth - a powerlullanguage lor 49.95 VIC-1210 VIC 3K Memory Expander Cart. 34.95 BASIC programming Plugs directly into the VIC's expansion port. Expands to 8K RAM total. CH HES MON - a 6502 machine language 34.95 VIC-1110 VIC 8K Memory EXDander Cart. 52.50 monitor with a mini-assembler 8K RAM expansion cartridge plugs directly into the VIC. CH HES Writer - time-saving word process tool 34.95 CM102 24K Memory Expander Cart. 119.95 CH Encoder - keep your personal records 34.95 VIC-1011A RS232C Terminal Interface 39.95 away from prying eyes Provides Interface between the VIC-20 and RS232 telecommunications CT-21 Statistics Sadlstlcs - stat,st,cal analys,s 14.95 modems. Connects to VIC's user port. CT-121 Total Time Manager 2.0 - creates 15.95 PETSPEED - Basic Compiler lor Commodore 140.00 personal or business schedules Compile any Pet Basic program. The only optimizing compiler. Programs compiled with Petspeed run up to 40 times faster. Pets peed code is un listable CT-124 Totl Label - a mail,ng list & label program 13.95 and compiled programs cannot be tampered with. No security device required CT-125 Totl Text BASIC 15.95 for compiled programs. Available NOW for the Commodore 64. CT-126 Research Assistant - keep track 01 data 17.50 Star Gemini 10 Printer 360.00 CT-140 Totl Text Enhanced 29.95 450.00 Star Gemini 15 Printer CM-152 Graflx Designer - design graphic characters 12.95 347.00 SND Monitor CQ-5 Mlnlmon - allows you to program. load. 13.95 save. or execute machine language programs CS 1 QUICK BROWN FOX $55.00 CS Home Inventory - lists your belongings 17.95 The Word Processor of this decade l For the VIC-20 and C-64. CS Check Minder - keep your checkbook right 14.95 CS General Ledger - a complete ledger 19.95 COMMODORE SOFTWARE VI C-1211 A VIC-20 Super Expander $55.00 Everything Commodore coutd pack Into one cartndge - 3K RAM memory GAMES FOR YOUR VIC-20® expanSion, high resolution graphiCS plotting, color paint and sound com­ CH-G203 Tank Wars $15.95 mands GraphiC. text. multlcolor and mUSIc modes 1024x 1024 dot screen CH-G205 Pinball 13.45 plotting. All commands may be typed as new BASIC commands or accessed by hitting one of the VIC's special function keys. Includes tutorial instruction CH-G206 Simon - It gets tougher as you get better. 13.45 book. Excellent for all programming levels. Great for kids of all ages. VIC-1212 Programmer's Aid Cartridge $45.99 CH-G207 Fuel Pirates 13.45 More than 20 new BASIC commands help new and experienced programmers CH-G209 Laser Blitz 15.95 renumber. trace and edit BASIC programs. Trace any program line-by-line as it executes, pause to edit. Special KEY command lets programmers redefine CH-G210 Tank Trap 15.95 function keys as BASIC commands. subroutines or new commands. CH-G211 Concentration 13.45 VIC-1213 VICMON Machine Language Monitor $48.99 CH-G212 Dam Bomber - pilot the plane. avoid enemy 13.45 Helps machine code programmers write fast. effiCient 6502 assembly lan­ Shamus - search room after room lor the 34.95 guage programs. Includes one line assembler/disassembler. CH-C307 shadow-eluding androids; 2 levels of intense arcade action CH-C30S Protector 36.95 CARDCO CPU-79 Breakout 7.95 Atari. Adapter - play your 2600 games on the VIC-20 $79.95 CPU-S5 Hangman - unbelievable graphics & sound 9.95 CARDBOARD 6 $S7.50 CPU-S7 Memory - VIC challenges your memory 9.95 An expansion interface for the VIC-20. Allows expansion to 40K or accepts up CPU-SS Match - hand & eye coordination 7.95 10 six games. May be daisy-chained for more versatility. CPU-S9 Monks - a devilish game of logiC 7.95 CARDBOARD 3 $35.95 CPU-1OS Bomber - you must decide who you want to lIy 9.95 Economy expansion interface for the Vic-20. for, then pick a target & your experience level CARD "?" CARD/PRINT $76.00 CPU-109 Amok - the halls 01 Amok are populated by 20.95 Universal Centronics Parallel Printer Interface for the VIC-20 or CBM-64. Use robots that obey one command - get the intruder! an Epson MX-80 or OKIDATA or TANDY or just about any other. CPU-153 Tank vs. UFO - the tank is moving back & 9.95 CARDETTE $30.95 forth along the base; shoot the UFO before It shoots you Use any standard cassette player/recorder with your VIC-20 or CBM-64. CPU-194 Snakman - Pacman lorthe VIC 14.95 LIGHT PEN $29.95 ~ A light pen with six good programs to use with your VIC-20 or CBM-64. Defender on Trl - you're the pilot 01 an experimental ship 17.95 16K Memory Expander $50.50 3-D Man - the popular arcade game. requires 3K 17.95 All CAROCO Products have a lifetime warranty. Exterminator - a game lull 01 bugs 20.95

We have over 400 programs for your VIC-20 and over 250 programs for your C-64! I

Shipping a. Handling Charges: First two (2) items - $2.00 per item. Three (3) or more items - $1.00 per item. For orders over $100 total, surface Shipping will be paid by CompuSense. Blue Label or special handling will be paid by Write for the customer. Additional $2.00 C.O.D fee on all C.O.D. orders. MasterCard and Visa accepted. Give card number and expiration date on order form. FREE Allow three (3) weeks for personal checks. TO ORDER: P.O. Box 18765C Catalog! Wichita. KS 67218 (316) 263-1095

Prices subjectto·change. Crrcle No 9 ~~. VIC-20@ IS a registered trademark of Commodore . s:;;:;s;~~~:;s;~~SS~:;s;~~s:;;~;;so~~~~~~~~""S 1320 Y9=3-Y9:GOTO 1240 1330 PRINT LEFTS(V$}LI)TABCCOL-l)MID$(M SG$, '19)UBSH~$~lID$("[REV] [OFF]"., 'T'9, UC)" " ; : RETURt·~ 1335 REM**************************** 1336 REM* * 1337 REM* CHECKFOR DISK ERRORS * 1338 REM* * 1339 REM**************************** 1340 INPUT#l,A$,BS,C$,DS 1350 IF VAL(A$)=0 THEN RETURN 1360 PRItH" [CLEAF~][DOWN] [DOWt4] [RIGHT] [R

EV]DISK E~:RO~::[OFF] "B$ 1370 CLOSE2 1:380 Et·m 1395 REM**************************** 1396 REM* * 1397 REM* CONVERTASCII TO SCREEN * 1398 REM* * 1399 REM**************************** 1400 RV=0:POKE V+21,O:IF FK=1 THEN PRIN T" [ HOt'lE][ Dm~t·~][DOWt·~] [ IIOWN] [DOWt4] [ DOWt·~] [ DmJt~][DOLoJN] (DOLoJN] "TAB(21) "~'JHICHKEY" 1410 GET AS: IF AS="" THEt·~1410 1412 IF AS=CR$ANDFK=1THEN GOSUB 54e :FK =O:GOTO670 1413 IF A$="[REV]" THE~~R'·,.'=1 :GOTO 1410 1414 IF A$=" [OFF]" THENR'· ... =0: GOTO 1410 1415 IF A$=CR$ THEN GOSUB540:GOSUB 59121 :POKE V+21,1:GOTO 160 1420 A=ASC(A$):IF A(32 OR (A)127ANDA(16 0) THEN 1410 1430 IF A{64 THEN 150121 1440 IF A{96 THENA=A-64:GOTO 1500 1450 IF A(128 THENA=A-32:GOTO 1500 1460 IF A(192 THENA=A-64:GOTO 1500 1470 IF A{224 THENA=A-128:GOTO 1500 1480 IF A(255 THEN A=A-64:GOTO 1500 149~3A=94 15121121IF RV=1 THENA=A+128 151215GOSUB 540:GOSUB 620:SS=TT:TT=INTCA 164):Z1=A-64*TT:IF TT()SS THEN GOSUB860 151121Yl=INT(Z1/16):Xl=Zl-Yl*16:Yl=166+1 6*Yl 1520 IF Xl(13 THENXl=52+Xl*16:FL=0:GOTO 1540 1530 IF Xl)12 THEN Xl=-12+(Xl-12)*16:FL =1 1540 POKEV+16,FL:POKEV,Xl:POKEV+1,Yl:PO KEV+21J1:IF FK=1 THENFK=0:A$=CR$:GOTO 79121 1550 DC=32:GOSUB590:DC=255:P=Z1+TT*64: L=CB+P*8:GOTO510 1595 REM**************************** 1596 REM* * 1597 REM* LOADA ROMCHARACTER SET * 1598 REM* * 1599 REM****************************

64/Commander June 1983 1600 PRINT "[HOt-1E][F~I(;HT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIG HT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT][ RIGHTJ[RIGHT] [F~IGHT][RIGHTJ ______1I11 1610 P~:ItHII [RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT ][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RI GHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT] [RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][REV] LOAD [OFF] " 1620 PRItH "[RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT ][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RI GHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT]CRIGHT] [RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ[REVJ FROMROM [OFF]"

163~3PRINT" [HO~1E] [DOL~N] [DOL~NJ [Dma.lt~] [DOW t~J"TAB(18)"_ _" 1640 PRINTTAB(18)" [REVJG[OFFJRAPHICS-[F.: EVJTCOFF]EXT:"j :POI

166121PRINTII [HQtolEJ [DOWt ·~][DmJN] [DOWN] [DOW NHDO~JN]"TAB(8)" " 168121SR=53248: I FA$="T II THE~~SR=55296 1687 HI=8R/256:LO=8R-256*HI 1688 POKE 251,LO:POKE 252)HI:POKE 253,121 :POKE 254,C8*8 169121POKE56334,PEEK(56334)AND254:POKE1, PEEK( 1 ) At~D251 171210SYS 976 171121POKEIIPEEK(1)OR4:POKE56334IPEEK(56 334)OR1 172121GOSUB 61121 1730 GOSUB1160:RETURN 1764 REM**************************** 1765 REM* * 1766 REM* SAVE A CHARACTERSET * 1767 REM* TO CASSETTE * 1768 REM* * 1769 REM**************************** 1770 PRItH II [Hot1E][RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIG HTJ[RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHTJ[ RIGHT][RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT] ______II 178121PRINT II[RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT ][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RI GHTJ[RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT](REV] SAVE [OFFJ"

Commander June 1983/65 179f:l PRItH II[RIGHT] [F.:IGHT][RIGHT] [RIGHT ][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT](RIGHT](RIGHT][RI GHT][RIGHT](RIGHT][RIGHT](RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ [RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT](REV] TO CASSETTE [OFF] II 1800 LI=7:COL=18:LE=14:PRINT LEFTS(V'15 )TABe 18) "FILEt·~At1E:" 1810 NSG,=II[OFF][OFF]":GOSUB 1230:FL'=IN$

1820 IF It4,="11 THEt·~ PRItH LEFT'(VS J 5)TA B(8) II II: GOSUB1160: RETURN

18:3~3LI=9: COL=19:LE=l : t'lSG'=!I[OFF]SAVE T o SET? [OFF] II : GOaUB 1230: TS=VAL( I t~$) 1840 IF TS{l OR T8=2 OR T8=3 OR TS)7 TH

H~ 18:3~3

1845 PRltH 11 [HOt'1E][DOWN] [DOWN][DOWN] [DO

Wt~].. TAB ( 18) 11 PPESS : [IIOj..U·~]11 : P~:I t·n TAB( 18) IIF.:ECORD & PLAlrl [ DOL,Jt.~]11 1847 PRIt~TTAB( 18) lITHEt~PRESS RETUR~ill 1849 GET A$: IF A$() CHR$(13) THEN 1849 1851 PRINT II[HOt'lE] [DOWt~J [DOl~N] [DOWt4] (DO j..JNJIITAB( 18) 11 SAVIt~G [DOL~N]II 1852 KL=INTCC15-LENCFL$»/2) 1853 PRINTTAB(18)RIGHT$(BLSJKL)FL$LEFT$ CBL$/20-KL-LENCFL$» 1855 PPItH TAB(18)II[Dm~t~J 11 1860 OPEN 2,l/1JFL$ 1870 PRINT#2JCHR$(TS); 1880 FOR 1=0 TO 2047:PRINT#2ICHR$(PEEK( CB+I»; :NEXT:CLOSE2 1890 PRINT LEFT$(V$,5)TAB(18)LEFT'(BL$J 15):PRINT:PRINT TAB(18)LEFT$(BL'J16) 1900 PRINT LEFT'(VS,9)TAB(18)LEFT$(BL$, 18):GOSUB 1160 :GOSUB2500 191 t1 RETURN 1974 REN **************************** 1975 REM* * 1976 REN * LOADA CHARACTERSET * 1977 REM* FROMCASSETTE * 1978 REN * * 1979 REN **************************** 1980 PRIt-H .. [HOt'lE][RIGHTJ [RIGHT] (R IGHT] [RIGHT](RIGHT][RIGHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT][RIG HT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][ RIGHTJ[RIGHTJ [RIGHTJ (RIGHTJ____ _ II

1990 PRIt~TII [RIGHT] [RIGHTJ[RIGHT] [RIGHT J[RIGHT][RIGHTJ(RIGHT](RIGHT](RIGHTJ(RI GHTJ[RIGHT][RIGHT](RIGHT](RIGHT](RIGHT] (RIGHT][RIGHT](RIGHTJ(REVJ LOAD [OFF] 11 • 200121PRINT "(RIGHT](RIGHT](RIGHT](RIGHT ][RIGHT][RIGHT](RIGHTJ[RIGHT](RIGHT][RI GHT](RIGHT][RIGHT](RIGHT][RIGHT](RIGHTJ [RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT](REV] FROMCASSETT E [OFF]"

66/Commander June 1983 SOUTHERN AUDIO VIDEO ELECTRONICS, INC. 1782 Marietta Blvd., N.W.,Atlanta, Georgia 30318

COMMODORE VIC20 $119.00* PRINTER DISK DRIVE

DATASSETTE

-~, ", -

COMMODORE 64 ALSO AVAILABLE Commodore VIC20j641541 Single Disk Drive...... 325.00 Commodore VIC20j64 1530 Datassette. . . . • ...... 62.00 Commodore VIC20j64 1525 Printer ...... 325.00 Commodore VIC20j64 1701 Color Monitor ...... 245.00 Commodore VIC20j64 1600 Vicmodem (Telephone Interface)...... 91.00 *When purchased with 1530 Datassette and VLl10 Reference Programmers Guide.

VICll10 VIC 8K Memory Expander Cartridge...... 41.00 VIC1111 VIC 16K Memory Expander Cartridge...... 65.00 VIC1923 Gorf...... 28.00 I4rB VIC1924 Adventure Land Adventure ...... 28.00 Get the best prices on hardware and software. For a complete VIC1917 The Count...... 28.00 UstinBof aDMVE's products, send $5.00 tOrour analogue (refund­ VIC1929 Personal Finance ...... 28.00 able with )'OUrfirst order). VIC1211AVIC 20 Super Expander ...... 53.00 EoJoythe convenience of in-home shopping. CaDour toll free VICI212 Programmers Aid Cartridge ...... 44.00 number today fOr orders only. VICI213 Vicmon Machine Language Monitor ...... 44.00 Use your American Express,VISA, Mastemu-d, check or money VLl02 Introduction to Basic Programming-Part I...... 18.00 order. Minimum order of $50. Shipping and handling charges VLl03 Basic Programming-Part D••.•...... 18.00 lire ex1ra. AUprices are subject to cbanKewithout ootice. AUOW' vn07A Home Calculation Program Six Pack ...... 42.00 2-4 'Itftks fOr deliml. Prices good through July 15. 1983. vn64 Programmable Character Setl Gamegraphics Editor...... 11.00 Order Toll Free 1-800-241-2682 VMlOOPersonal Computing On The VIC20...... 4.50 VLll0 VIC20 Programmers Reference Guide ...... 13.00 In Georgia (404)-351-8459

Circle No. 59 CM6-A 212110LI=7:COL=18:LE=14:PRINT LEFT$(VS.S )TAB( 18) IIFILEt'~AME:II 202121MSG$= II [OFF] [OFF] II: GOSUB12:3121: FLS::: I t~$ 21213121IF IN$='"' THEN PRINT LEFTS(V$,S)TA B( 18) II " : GO:3UB1160: F~ETURN 21214121PR I t~TII [HOME] [DmJN ] [ DOWt~][DOW~] [DO Wt~]IITAB( 18) IIIt~SERT DATA TAPE[DOWN]": PRI NT TAB( 18) "PRESS PLA'r' O~~TAPE [DOWt~] " 205121PRINT TAB(18) IITHEN PRESS RETUF<~N" 2060 GET A$:IF A$()CHR$(13) THEN206e 2070 PRI tH II[Hot'lE] [DOWN][ DmU4] [DOWt·~ J ( DO W~~]"TAB( 18) II LOADIt4G [DOW4]II 2075 KL=INT«15-LENCFL$»/2) 21218121PRINT TAB(18)RIGHT$(BL$,KL)FL$LEFT $(BL$.2121-KL-LENCFL$» 212190PRINT TAB(18)II[DOWN] II 2100 OPEN 2.1.e,FL$ 211215GETI2.A$:TS=ASC(AS)*2048:FORI=0T02 12147:GETI2.A$:POKETS+I.ASC(A$+CHR$(0»:NEXT 211121CLOSE2: PRI~H II[HO~lE] [DOW~4] [Dm~t~] [D OWt4][DOL~N] IITAB( 1:3) II [DOWt4]II 212121PRINT TAlh18)1I II:G OSUB 1160:GOSUB 25e0:RETURN 250121RESTORE:FOR 1=0 TO 98:READ XZ:POKE 896+I.XZ:NEXT :POKE 953.PT:RETURN 2510 DATA 16121,7.177.251.162.0.42.62,157 .3.2321224.8.21218.247,136 252121DATA 16.240,16121.7.185,157,3,145,25 1.136.16.248.96.234.234.234 253121DATA 234,234/234.234/234,169.148,1 33.251.169.5.133,252,162,7.16121 254121DATA .7.169,46,126.157,3.144.2,169. 81.145.251.136,16.242.56 255121DATA 165,251.233.4121.133,251,165,25 2,233.121.133,252.21212.16.224.96 256121DATA 162.8.160.0,177,251,145.253.2 121121.21218.249.230,252,230,254,202,208,242. 96

READ',.'.

Listing 3

121POKE53281,6:GOT07 1 READL.I.S.E:PRINTII[WHITE][CLEAR][DOWN ] [DOWN][DOWN] II; rlID$(:3TR$(L), 2);" DATA " , 2 PRINTMID$(STR$(PEEKCS»,2); 3 8=8+1: T=T+1 : IF8)=ETHH~PRINT:PRINT" [EL UE]PRINTCHR$(147)CHR$(5)II:GOT06

68/Commander June 1983 4 IFT(16THEHP~:ItH""II ,; : GOT02 5 L=L+I : PRItH" [BLUE] [HONE] [Dm~t'~J[Dm~t~J0 DATA"; L " [lEFT] J ".; I; "[LEFT]" ",; !:;; "[LEFT] J " ; E : PR I tH " [ Hot'1E] [DOl·Jt~][Dm~H] (DOl,JN ] [ DOl·J HJ [DmU'~]RUH"j 6 PRltH" [HONE]" ,; : POI(E631., 13: POKE6:3Z,. 13: POKE633. 13:POKE634. 13 : POKE198.4:EHD Il 7 PRItH [CLEA~:][L~HITE] "TAB(Z) " ___ _ " 8 PRItHTAB(2)" [REV] CHARACTER DATA TO D ATA STATEt1EtH::; II 9 I t~PUT"[DOW~] [Dm~t~] [nOl,Jt4] [F.:I CiHT] [F.: I GHT ][RIGHTJ[RIGHTJSTARTIHG lINE NUMBER "jl : INPUT "[Dm~HJ[F:: IGHT J [RI GHT] [R I GHTJ [R 113 HT] I NCREt1EtH "j I: L=L-I 10 IHPUT" [DO~Jt~J[F.:IGHTJ [F.:IGHTJ [RIGHT] [RI GHTJ WHI CH CHARACTER SET "; S : I t'~PUT"[DOl,Jt '4 J(RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT](RIGHT]BEGIN AT W HICH CHARACTER II;C 11 It~PUT"[DO~Jt,~] [RIGHT] [F~IGHT][RIGHT] [RI GHTJ Hm~ MAN'T'CHARACTERS "; H : S=S*2048+C* 8:E=5+H*8 12 PRltH" [CLEAR]" : GOT05

READ'T'•

STep VICRABBIT CARTRIDGE More than just an Assembler/Editor! Standard Terminal Communications Pacl02 BELL . 12'30:00 10:14:36 "High-Speed for Cassene r'0 V) (IncludesCanndge Professionally PET Don't senle for non·standard Communications Prolocol~ Loadand Save!" and Manuat) Designed Access Micro Net. Source. Bulletin Boards, Local Main· V. APPLE frame. etc Software ExpanSionConnector • CompletePackage -Incluaes RS?32lnler· --- Development face Board and software (does nOI include System roodem) " Don'twaste your Life awaywaiting to LOADand SAVE I(W~ PflIC£ • CommunicatesIn Industry Standard ASCII programson CasseteDeck ." ~q'l.9~ • Upload/Downloadlo/lrom Disk Loador Save8K in approximatel)'30 seconds'Try • Automattc File 1ranslation it - your Un-RabbitizedVIC takes almost 3 minutes. Blast 011with the software used on the space • Canbe controlled Irom keyboardo r user sup· It's not only Fastbut VERYRELIABLE . plied tlaslc or machine languagep rogram shunle project! Almostas fast as VICDisk Drive' Don't be foolish - • DesIgnedto ,mprove PTogtirrmer Prodoc1Mly Specify: 3.0 or 4.0 ROMS or 8032 CommOdOO'eCom PUle! Whybuy the disk whenyou can get the VICRabbit 4040 or 8050 or PEDISK \I Disk • ~r synlU. 1013commands - No need to relearn pecutar for much.much less I syntu.es ind commands when you QOtrom PH 10 APPlE Price: $129,95 Easyto install - it just plugs in. 10AIARI ExpansionConnector on rear. • CoreSoldenlAsMmbter/EClItOr - No need 10 Ioid the EClIIorthen the Workswith or without ExpansionMemory. AsMmbter then lhe ECIllOI'. etc ATARIAND PET Workswith VICCassene Deck. • Also ,nciulJn WJrClProcessor. RelOUtrnoLOider. and much 12Commands provide other neat features. more EPROMPROGRAMMER • OptO"lS EPROMProgrammer. um",*mented 00C0deCIrcuitry AlsoAvailable for 2001. 4001. and8032 • STILLNOT CONVINCED: SenCllor tree spec sheel' Programs 2716 and 2532 EPROMs.Includes hardware TRAP 65 5% INCHSOFT TRAP65 is a hardware device Ihal and software. PET= $75.00- plugs IOtOyour 6502's socket. PrevenlS SECTOREDDlSKmES ATARI (includes sophisticated • execution of unimplementedopcodes and prOVidescapability to extend the Higbest quality. We use them on machinelanguage monitor) = machines' Instruction set For PET/APPlE/SYM. our PETs, APPLEs,AT ARls, and other $119.95 Reducedlrom 5149.9510 569 95 $22.50110or $44.50120

Commander June 1983/69 Circle No. 28

Circle No .<:15 COMMODORE USERS Quit Playing Games ... Disk Based Software to Make Your Join the largest, active Commodore Computer Get Down to Business Disk Data Manager-Create and manage your own data users group in North America and get- base. Allows you to create, add, change, delete, search, sort, print, etc. Up to 1200 records on a single disk. VIC 20 ... 59.95 CBM 64 ... 89,95 Payroll System-Full featured, complete payroll sys­ Access to club library of over tem . Even prints checks. VIC 20 ... 89 .95 CBM 64 ... 99.95 3000 free programs. Mailing List-Up to 1200 records on a single disk. Presorts by Zip Code. Prints on stock up to four labels wide. VIC 20 .. . 44.95 CBM 64 . .. 54.95 - Informative club newsletter. Inventory Package-Maintains quantity on nand, cost, sales price, reorder pOint, etc . Generates suggested reorder, sales report, and sales analysis. VIC 20 ... 89.95 CBM 64 ... 99.95 General ledger-Up to 75 accounts! Generate~Balance The latest information about the Sheet . I ncome Statement, UPdate Report. etc. PET®, CBM"', VIC 20"", Super­ VIC 20 ... 89.95 CBM 64 ... 99.95 Checkbook Manager-up to 25 expense categories. PErM and Commodore 641M. Tracks all outstanding checks until the y are paid. VIC 20 , , , 49.95 CBM 64 . .. 69.95

COMmodore 64 it .. VIC 20 iif~ rl!?':>lered Irfl demarks 01 COtnmOdQre CONTACT YOUR DEALER FOR COMPLETE Send $20.00 ($30.00 overseas) for INFORMATION ON ALL YOUR DISK-BASED SOFTWARE NEEDS Associate Membership to: Send Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope for Catalogue of Games and other APplications DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME Toronto Pet Users Group PO Box 863085 Department "0" Plano, Texas 75086 1912A Avenue Road, Suite 1 CEJ. (214) 867-1333 Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5M 4A 1 VISA and MASTERCARD Accepted

FREE Catalog NEW VIC SOFTWARE CBM 648 COMMODORE 64 SOFTWARE PARATROOPER a High Resolulion game lhal doesn'l lei you make any mislakes. You are in your command. Helicoplers fillihe sky, (and we mean fill Let the COMPUTERMA T lhe sky,! , dropping paralroopers. Your mission is 10 keep 3 paralroopers from turn your 64 into a home arcade! hilling lhe ground on eilher side of your gun. Bullhal's jusllhe beginning. You score by hilling lhe heJicoplers or the paralroopers. bUl if you miss a shot it sublracls from your score. Therefore, you must make every ShOl counl to COLOR. GRAPHICS. SOUND make a high score'lT HAS FOUR FAST ACTION LEVELS TOCHAll£NGE ON CASSETTE ll-IE BEST Pu\ YER The High Resolution graphics helicoptors are fantastic . They look exaclly like helicoplers' The paratroopers are super realistic. Their (Disk Versions Available - Add $5.00) chules open and then Ihey drift down to earth. If this weren'l enough the ARCADE PAK - $24.95 EDUCATION PAK - $24.95 sounds are fanlaslic. There are helicopler blades whirring and you can hear the howilzer pumping shells. This game really show off the sound and graphic 3 Programs 4 Programs capabililies of your VIC PARA TROOPER IS OUR #1 SElUNG ARCADE Head On Geography Match GAME, you've got to see lhis game to believe it. $19.95 Alien Invasion Math Adventure SPACE PAK Can you survive? 3 space games wilh the sights and sounds of Target Command Ruler & Micro an arcade. The excilemenl builds as lhe aClion is un·ending. IBlasl away al everything in sight. The alien atlacks will slOP at nothing to destroy you. Prepare for batlle, there is no escape, only you can help. Can you survive? Hi­ TREASURE PAK - $14.95 GAME PAK - $14.95 Res, color, graphics and sound. Joystick or keyboard. 3 Games - Rocket Race, Fence-A-Tron and Raiders. $19.95 3 Programs 3 Programs COSMIC CRUZER Hot action and 3 challenging scenarios. Move your Adventure Dragon Chase cruzer inlo the lunnel - fire missiles and drop bombs. Hit Ihe fuel dumps to gel more fuel. Move as quick as you dare 10 hil the surface-lo-air missiles. If you are Caves of Silver Deflect good enough you will make il 10 Ihe asleroidz field and lhen Iry to destroy the Shuttle Voyage Flip It base. No one has destroyed lhe base yet. Will you be the first. $19.95 Joystick and Keyboard versions included, VIC All STARS We look Ihe besl selling VIC programs and put them in a package 10 save you $35. If purchased seperalely it would COSIyou $85. You gell------C-O-M-P-U-T-E-R-M-A-T------­ Paratrooper, Target Command, Head On, Cattle Round-up, Snake Out, Trapper, Double Snake Out and Artillery. NI eight games for $49.95. Box 1664 • Dept. M • Lake Havasu City, Az. 86403 Hurry because at lhis price they won't last long. limited quantily. 8 (602) 855-3357 $49.95 A Comprehensive Editor/ Assembler for the VIC·20 Part I

by Eric Giguere Peace River, Alberta

A few months ago I promised the terned EDIT/ASM after the Apple's the source code in memory. A prac­ readers of my column on assembly EDASM, and so users of the Com­ tical ceiling for LIMIT (represented by language that I would publish an modore assembler may find this one the variable LI in the listing) is 1000. assembler for the VIC . True to my a bit strange at first. But it does work, I doubt that many people are going to word, I now present to you here the and I'm sure you'll find it very useful use more than that, and if they do, program EDIT/ASM . There is also the in all your assembly language work. they'll have two problems to contend added benefit that the program is eas­ Hardware Requirements with: 1) the line numbers are truncated ily adaptable to any Commodore ma­ To be really workable, EDIT/ASM to three numbers when listed, so you'll chine with only a few changes. But requires a 13K VIC with disk drive, but only see lines from 1 to 999; and 2) the more on that later, as I now proceed it can also work with cassette (changes garbage collection (the discarding of to introduce you to EDIT/ASM. are given later on). It will work with an unwanted variables) becomes very What Is An Editorl Assembler? 8K VIC (VIC + 3K expander), but it time consuming, producing noticeable Put very simply, an editor/assembler doesn't leave much of a workspace. time delays before the actual execu­ is a program or group of programs But it will work! tion of the commands. That is why you that lets you enter assembly language The Editor Module should keep your LIMIT down to a code, modify (edit) it, save it, and then The editor is probably the most impor­ practical limit (the reason I put the in­ convert it into actual machine lan­ tant part of an assembler, as it is the putting of LIMIT into the program is guage code (assemble it). If assembly part that interacts with the user. Bear­ that you could then use EDIT/ASM in language is totally new to you and you ing this in mind, I have tried to make any VIC memory configuration 8K + are interested in learning about it, I the editor in EDIT/ASM as easy to use without having to modify the variable suggest that you either buy a book on as possible. Source code (the assem­ LI manually inside the program. If you it (there are several good titles avail­ bly language instructions) can be eas­ want to keep LI fixed, simply delete able), or at least read my monthly ily entered and edited, and makes full line 45 and replace it by 45 LI = n, series on it (Assembly Language Pro­ use of labels, equates and comments. where n is the fixed number.) gramming on the VIC-20) , starting with In fact, you get quite a deal for the After having entered a value for the first issue of Commander. Other­ price of a magazine. Let's now see liMIT (let's say it was 100), the screen wise this program will be of absolute­ what happens when we RUN EDIT/ will clear once more and the title and ly no use to you . ASM. copyright notice will appear just to re­ Most editor/assemblers have two First, the screen should turn to the mind you whose program this actually parts-an editor and an assembler. normal blue border/white background is. You should then notice a colon and EDIT/ASM is no exception, and con­ combination and the screen clear. In a blinking cursor a few lines down. sists of two separate yet similar pro­ the upper left corner there will be the This is your signal that the computer grams (in BASIC). The first, which I am word "LIMIT" and a question mark, is waiting for you to do something. I presenting here, is the Editor Module. thus indicating the computer is waiting have used a colon (": ") as a prompt It allows you to enter code, edit it with for you to input some information. to distinguish EDIT/ASM from BASIC useful commands, and then save it for What it actually wants is the maximum (with commands like LIST and NEW, use by the second module. This number of lines you wish to use dur­ it's easy to confuse the two). It will ap­ module, the Assembler Module, then ing this run of the assembler. It will ac­ pear whenever the editor is waiting for takes your program and converts it cept any number greater than zero, as a command. into actual machine code, which you long as you have the memory space Now to do something. Type in HELP will then be able to load and run (as for it. It will then DIM that amount of and hit RETURN . A list of all the avail­ long as your coding works). I've pat- memory for use by the array that holds able commands should appear, fol­ Commander June 1983/71 lowed by their correct syntax. Follow­ ing is a list of each command and its purpose. Note: In each of the follow­ I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1[I F.:Hl *** ing, the period represents a space, 12 REM* * and should be typed in as such. It has 14 REM* EDIT/ASM * been used here for added clarity to the 16 REM*------~-----* list. 18 REM* EDITOR * ADD-allows you to add source 20 REM* MODULE * code to the end of the present code 22 REM*------* in memory, or to start a new program 24 REM* * if there is no code in memory. This 26 REM* (C)1983 BY * mode is exited by hitting the "/" key 28 REM and pressing RETURN. * * 3121REM * E. GIGUERE* CATALOG-an adaptation of a 32 REM routine by Jim Butterfield, this com­ * * 34 REM************** mand displays a list of all the programs :35 on diskette, as if you had LOADed the 37 directory. At any time the listing may 39 be frozen by holding down a key, or 45 POKE36879, 27 : PRI HTCHR$( 142) II[CLEAF~] L aborted by hitting the SPACE bar, It1IT"; : It~PUTLI$:LI=VAL(LI$): IFLI{l THEt~4 which will return you to the command 5 mode. 48 : DELETE.a(.b)-aliows the deletion 49 REMDEFIHE VAR. of the specified lines from memory. A 5121R$=CHR$(13) :P'~CHR$(16):QU$=CHR'(34) is line number necessary and may use : CS$=1\ ADI NEDLI LOSAG),Ut'~EDI CADEPLHE II the following syntax: 6121OPEt-H5.' 8.15 DELETE.2-delete line #2 70 DIMA'(LI+l):X=FRE(0):POKE788J194 DELETE.-.3-delete from line 1 8121PR I tH II [CLEAR][Dm~t~] [POW~] [DO~Jt~] [DOWt~ till line 3 ][DOWN][DOWN][DOWN][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT DELETE.2.6-delete lines 2 to 6 ] [RIGHT] [R I GHT][R I GHT][RIGHT ]ED I T/ASt1" : DELETE.5.--delete from line 5 PRIt4T" [RIGHTJ [RIGHT] [R IGHT][RI GHT][RIGH to end of program T] [RIGHT] [RIGHT] II : PRI t·n" [DOl·J~~][ Remember: All periods represent RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGHT][RIGH spaces which must separate each part T](C)1983 BIT"' of the command. DELETE-5 is wrong 85 PRItH" [DOL~t·~][RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RIGHT] [RI because there is no space separating GHT][RIGHT]ERIC GIGUERE[DOWN][DOWN][DOW the hyphen ("-") and the number 5. t4J [Dm~t~]II DISK-allows the sending of com­ 98 : mands to the disk drive. Enter this 99 REMGET COMMAND command and press RETURN. A 1121121PRItH" [BLUE] [DO~m]: "; : GOSUB10e0:PRI prompt ("]") will appear signifying that NT:Z$=IH$:GOSUB1010:COM'=LEFT$(A$,2) whatever you type next will be sent to 11212Y=0:FORZ=lT025STEP2:IFCOMS=MID$(CS$ the disk. If you don't wish to do so, .Z.2)THENY=Z/2+.5:Z=26 simply hit the up-arrow key beside the 104 ~~EXTZ:I FIr'=0THE~~PR I t·n II [GREEN] ILLEGAL RESTORE key and hit RETURN . You Cor1t1At~D[ BLUE] II : GOTO100 will be returned to the command 1060NYGOTOl10,130J160J185J25e,3e0J350, mode. Another thing you can do is 360. 380,41210,470,490J 550 read the error channel. When 108 : prompted with the bracket, type in 109 ":Et'1ADD ERR and hit RETURN. You will be lie L=L+l:GOSUB1025:GOSUBle50:IFLEFT$(I shown the current status of the error ~~$,1 )="/"THEt'~L=L""l : GOT0100 channel . Anything else is sent to the 115 A$(L) = I t·~,: I FL =L I THEt·~PF.:I t·nR$ II [F.:EDJ WA disk (you may use the DEL key to cor­ RNING - NO MOREROOMSAVE FILE NOW.[BLUE rect any errors-these will not be sent). ]":GOTOI0121 EDIT.a-this command allows you 120 GOT0110 to change an existing line of code in 128 memory, as specified by " a". The line 129 RH1 I ~~SERT will be listed to the screen and a cur- 72/C ommander June 1983 sor will appear under it Type in the new line, press RETURN, and it is automatically entered into memory If 130 IFB=00RC=0THEN1030 you don't want to edit the line, hit the 135 IF(B(10RB)L)OR(C+L)LI)THEN1030 "J" key and press RETURN. The line 14121FORI==LTOBSTEP-l:AS(I+C)==AS(I):AS(I) will remain as it was. ==II ": t'~E::

31121 I FAS= II .. THE~~PF.:I tH : GOT04(12 NEW-allows the creation of a new 315 FORI=ITOL:PRINT#3IQU$A$(I)QU$:NEXT source code program. If typed acci· 320 CLOSE3:GOTOIG0 dentally, exit the program using QUIT 348 Then type in direct mode L = n, where :349 RE~1G!U I T n equals the last line of your source 350 PF.:I tH II (Dm~~·~]rr'F'E " GOTD 100" TO RE-::; code before being NEWed, and press TART. " : POKE?88. 191 : Et'm RETURN. Then type GOTO 100 and 357 you will be returned to the command 358 :. mode. A LIST should reveal that your program is now back in memory. Commander June 1983/73 PLlST(.a)(.b)(.title)-allows the listing of your program onto a printer. :359 REt'1 t'~EvJ

PLiST by itself lists the whole program. 36121 L:::G: GOTO1 ~j~) The rest of the syntax is like LIST and DELETE. You may also add a title to the listing using the .title reference. :379 ~:EI"1DISK

After typing PLiST and the parame­ 38~Jpp I t-H II J II.; : CiO:3UB1 (150 : I F I t~$:::II 'f'1ITHEt~ 1121 ters, hit the space bar and type in the 121 title you wish printed. It will be printed 385 IFItU:::IIEF~RIITHEt·n~~PUT#15.E.E$: GOTO 1 121 on the first line, and the listing will 42 follow a couple of lines down. To get 39121 PRINT#15.IN$:GOTOIB0 a complete listing with title, type PLlST, :39:3 3 spaces, and the title. The complete :399 F.:Et1 CATALOG program will be listed with a title u 4121~3F'F:UH#15. U Il2I : OPEtN. 8 .. ~~1.,U$I2I" : ~~U$=CH beforehand. R$CI2I)

4~:11GET#4. AS. AS QUIT -allows the user to quit the 4(12 GET#4. AS. AS program. Type GOTO 100 to re-enter 41215 IFA$=IIIITHEN465 program intact. 41121 GET#4 .. AS .. B$ 42121 PRINTASC(A$+NUS)+ASC(BS+NU$)*256; SAVE. filename-allows you to 4:30 GET#4. AS save a program to disk or tape. Tacks 44~JI FAS= II II THEt'~PRI tH : GOT041212 on a ".sOU" to the end to differentiate 45(1 PR UHA$; between source and object code. 452 GETAS: I FAS= II . II THEt-~465 That was the complete list of com­ 455 L·JAIT197. 64 mands. As you can see, they are quite 460 GOT0430 powerful and versatile, making for 465 PRINT:CLOSE4:GOT0100 easy entering and editing . 46:3 469 REt'1 DELETE Entering Source Code 47121 GOSUB1075:IFEOR(SL=1ANDEL=L)THEN103 It may be very well to have all these 121 commands, but they amount to 4:3121X=EL-SL+l :FORI=EL+lTOL:A$(I-X)=A$(I nothing if you cannot use them prop­ ) : A$ ( I ) =II " : HEKT : L=L -><: GOTO 1 ee erly. Our first priority is to learn how to enter data. The following is an explan­ 4:39 REM PRINT LIST ation. 49121 IFL=I2ITHEN100 After going through the opening 5121121GOSUB1075:IFETHEN103121 procedures, type the command ADD. 51~JCLOSE4 : OPEt·~4.4: PRItH#4. R$: IFD$()IIIIT A number one (1) should appear on HENPRINT#4.DS;RS the line below, followed by a blinking 515 TE=L:FORL=SLTOEL:GOSUBl12125:PRINT#4. cursor. The number refers to the line LS; :X$:::LEFTS(A$(L).l) of code you are presently entering and 517 I F::<:$=II .; II OF.:;~:S::II *II THEt'~PfU tH #4. AS ( L) : G is used for editing purposes only. It will OT0525 not be present when the object code 52121 Z$=AS(L):GOSUB101121:GOSUB112145:PRINT# (the machine language program) is 4.A$;P$"1:3 U B$;P$"17"C$;PS"29"D$ generated. You now have three 525 GETA$: IFAS=u "THE~~L=EL+1 choices as to what to do: 1) enter a line 5:3121t·~EXT :L=TE:PRHn#4.. RSIIEt~DOF LIST"R$ of code; 2) enter a comment; and 3) :CLOSE4:PRINT:GOT0100 exit this mode. To exit, you need sim­ 549 REM HELP COMMAND ply type the ("I") and hit RETURN. 55121 PRItHIl [BLACKJALL SLASHES SHOULD BE You will be returned to the command T'-r'PED I t·~A:3 SPACES: [DOVJt·~J II mode. The other two are more compli­ 555 PRHH II [BLUEJ [REVJAD[OFFJD" : PRINT" [R cated. EVJCACOFFJTALOG" Entering a line of code is what you 56121 PRUHII [F.:EVJDE[OFF JLETE[REDJ/LI NE#(/ will be doing most often. One line con­ LH~E#)H:PR ItH II [BLUEJ [REVJDI [OFFJSI<" sists of an instruction, and can be ac­ 565 · P~:ItHIl[REVJED[OFFJ IT[REDJ/Llt~E#": PR companied by a label and a comment, I tH II [E:LIJE J CRE'.,"J HE [OFF J LP II as such: 74/Commander June 1983 START LDA #$00 ;COMMENT Here START is a label to refer to that 57'0 F'PI tn" [PE .....] I t·~[OFF] sun [F.:ED]""'L I t··IE#/t·~ line, LDA #$00 is the instruction, and O. " : PP I t-n " [BLUE1 [PE',,..]L I [OFF] ST [PED] (/L I ;COMMENT is a comment. These are t·~E#).::/l I t'~E#)" all separated by spaces, and are 57'5 PRI tn" [BLUE] [F.:E',/]LO [OFF] AD..··' [F.:ED] F I l entered the same way. First you enter Et-~At'1E": PRI tH" [ BLUE][F.:EV] t'~E [OFF] ~'JII the label. Then you hit the space bar 58~jPR I tn" [RE',/]Pl [OFF] I ST [RED] ell I t~E#)( and enter the instruction itself (such as /L I t'~E#)" : PR I tn" [BLUE] [F.:E',/]G!U [OFF] I TII LDA). If the instruction requires data 5:::5 PF.:I tn" [F.:E',/]::;A [OFF] ',,IE[F.:ED] ,····F I LEt'4At'1EI! (such as #$00), hit the space bar again : pF.:nrr and type in the data. The comment is 590 OOTO1 0(1 not necessary, but if you wish to 995 have it, you must again type the space 996 bar and then enter your comment. If 997 you've noticed something, it's probab­ 99:3 ly that everything is separated by a ~~~ REM INPUT ROUTINE space character. This is true, as the 1000 CLOSEK:OPENIJ0:INPUT#lJINS:PRINT:C space is used when both listing and LO:3E1 : RETUF.:t·~ assembling to separate the fields, or 1009 PEM ROUTINE TO FIND FIELDS different parts of an assembly listing. 1010 FORY=0T02:SP(Y)=0:NEXT:Y=0:FORZ=lT Thus if you don't want a label, you can OLEt·~(ZS) simply hit the space bar and type in 1012 ::::$=" IITHEt~SP('r')= the instruction. Similarly, if you don't Z:Y=Y+l:IFY)2THENZ=LEN(Z$)+1 need any data following the instruction II 1014 t'~E::-::TZ:A$="" : BS="II : CS:::" : DS:::"" but want a comment, you should hit 1016 IFSP(0)=0THENAS=ZS:GOT01024 the space bar twice after the instruc­ 1018 A$=LEFTS(ZSJSP(0)-1):IFSP(1)=0THEN tion and then type in your comment. BS=MIDS(Z$)SP(0)+1):GOT01024 This may all seem a bit strange at first, 1020 B$=MID$(ZS)SP(0)+1)SP(1)-SP(0)-1): but you'll soon get used to it. Simply IFSP(2)=0THENCS=MIDS(Z$)SP(1)+1):GOT010 remember that once you hit the space '-;'4 bar you skip to the next field, and it will i022 C$=MID$(Z$JSP(1)+1)SP(2)-SP(1)-1): become a virtual habit with you. DS=MID$(ZS)SP(2)+I) As for entering comments, there are 1024 A=VAL(A$):B=VAL(BS):C=VAL(CS):D=VA two distinct ways (these comments I LCDS): PETURt·~ am now referring to are different from II 102~5L$=t'lIDS(:3T~~S(L») 2) : LS=F.:IGHTS(" those that may follow an instruction). +LS+" ") 4) : PF.:I tnLS; : RETUFJ'~ You may either type in a "*" or a";" 1028 : and then your comment. Both are ac­ 1029 REM ERROR MESSAGE ceptable, and the" *" is used mainly 1~j:3~3 PF.:I tn" [RED] ILLEGAL PAF.:At'1ETEF.:S[BLUE for decoration. When listed, comments ]" : GOT01(1~3 will appear as they were typed, and 1038 will not be separated into fields as will 1039 REM DISK ERROR any other lines. They're just there to 1(140 PF.:I tn" [DmJt~][RED] DISK I/O EF.:F.:OR help document and beautify the pro­ -" 1042 PRItn" [DOL'~~~][BLACK] [LEFT] "E" [LEFT] gram. ) II ES : CLOSE2: CLOSE3: GOTO10£1 1043 : Special Pseudo-Opcodes 1044 REM TRUNCATESTRINGS Opcodes are the commands that 1045 A$=LEFTS(AS)6):B$=LEFTS(BSJ3):C$=L the computer recognizes, such as EFTS(CS)10):RETURN LDA and CMP. Pseudo-opcodes 1050 WAIT197.64:POKE212J0:POKE204.0:XS= resemble opcodes, but in fact are in­ II " : 'r'S=CHR$(2121) : I t·~S="" structions to the assembler, not the 112155POKE207)0:WAITI98)255:POKE207J255: computer. They are used to tell the GETXS:IFXS)YSTHENIN$=INS+XS:PRINT" [LEF assembler to do something. The T] "::·::S.;: GOTO 1(155 pseudo-opcodes are placed where a 106121IFX$=CHR$(20)ANDLENCINS)THENINS=LE normal instruction would usually be, FTS( INS) LEt·~(It'~S>-I): PF.:ItH" [LEFT] [LEFT] but are not outputted as part of any ob­ [LEFT]"; : GOT01055 ject code. The pseudo-opcodes I have Commander June 1983/75 included in my assembler go as follows 1065 IFX$=CHR$(13)ANDLEN(INS»0THENPRIN T II ": POI

Cllct~No 57 76/ Commander June 1983 PROGRAMCHANGES FOR CASSETTE USERS: ------

lJELr-:.TF.L I r.~E8: 6r.1 3:=':0-:397 40r.~-460 1.040 CHANGETHE FOLLOWINGLINES: CS$ IN LINE 50 SHOULD READ "ADU~EDLILOSAQU~~EDEPLHE"

IN LINE 102 THE FOR..• NEXTSTATEMENT BECOMES: FORZ;lT021 INSTEAD OF FORZ=lT02~

"?55 fJPEN2 .. 1) 0) B.... ". SOJJJf

'~105OPEN3 J 1 J 1 , B$+ II • SOU"

555 PRI~n"(BLUE, RVSJAD(RVOFFJ"

560 PR I ~H"C R',/S J DE (RVOFFJ '-ETE (REDJ /L I NEi

TNSERT R [BLUEJ CURSORCONTROL IN LINE 56~ JUST BEFORE THE [RVSJ

1 :!O:~:!=:ARE ALL THE CHA~mES.

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:7~F5 :~;ETJ3 LDR PORTE Cardco, Creative Software, EPYX, ::!7 FiI··.j!:l :tt-t!:;0 HES, UMI, WICO, Romox. :'''8 S~TA iABLE .• ('.' . Get the best prices on hardware and software. For a com· '.3'::;' LeA ,,~:!.r-r- plete listing of all SAVE's products. send $5.00 for our cata­ .:1.(.3 ~TA 0DP.13 logue (refundable with your first order). : Enjoy the convenience of in·home shopping. Call our toll free 1· r:->:~rT i?T:::: number today for orders only. Use your American Express. VISA. Mastercard. check or money order. Minimum order of $50. Shipping and handling charges are extra. All prices are subject to change without notice. Allow 2-4 vveeks for delivery. Prices good through July 15. 1983. Order Toll Free 1-800-241-2682 In Georgia (404)-351-8459 CM6·B 78/ Commander June 1983 Circle No. 59 mcornrnodore VIC3 Slot Expander...... 27 MasterCard, Visa, VIC6 Slot Expander...... 70 Money Order, Bank Check NEW CO.... ODORE PRODUCTS RS.232 Printer Interlace...... 65 CBM 128-40 S 695 COD(add S5) accepted...... CossetteInterlace...... 30 CBMC128-80 795 ...... Gorl (64 also)...... 30 Add 3% surchargefor credit cards. CBMB700...... 2990 Omega Race...... 30 In slack items shipped within 48 hours, CBM1520 Plotter...... 169 ArcadeJoystick - HeO't'Yduty w/2 firing F.O.B,Dallas, Texas CBM1701 Color Monitor...... 269 buttons! Great for lIle VIC or 64 . . . . 25 All products shipped with manufacturer's B SeriesSoftware ...... Coli warranty. CBM4023 Printer ...... 399 ONITORS - GREAT SOFTWARE FOR CB .. Prices are subject to change without notice. .. 84: RESOLUTION (84 OR VIC, Word Processing(WordPro 3 +) ...... S 69 Amdek Color I ...... S 299 M File Database ...... TO ORDER Amdek " or III ...... call (merge with Word Pro) ...... 89 CALL TOLL FREE Quick Brcr.vnFox ...... 56 PanosonlcCTl60 ...... 279 Writer'sAssistant (easy and flexible) ... 99 Comrex6500 - 13" Color ...... 299 800-527-4893 FlleAsslstant(databosewithmerge) ... 99 Translar20 (High Resolution 800-442-1048 SpreadsheetAssistant ...... 99 GreenPhosphor)...... 129 (Within Texas) Pern. Finance Assisl.(great reports) ... 45 Video/AudioCoble ...... 15 Busicalc (Spreadsheet)...... 55 PRINTERS - LEnER QUALITY BusinessHours Coco II (build your owngames easily) . . . 45 Mon.- Ffi. 8 to 6, Sot. 10-2 CBM8300, 40 cps ...... S1450 Colc Result...... 125 Diablo 620, 25 cps ...... 949 General Ledger, NR. NP for free catalog. ComRlter,17 cps ...... 819 ~ (with check writing) 80.139 ...... Transtar130, 16 cps (auto load, CBM EasyFinance...... 50 wp features!)...... 769 GAME OF THE MONTH CBM EasySaipt...... 80 NEC7700 series...... 2350 Adventu-Wrlter(make your CBM EasyFile...... 80 NEe3500 series...... 1600 ownadVenture game) ...... 39 Data Manager...... 70 Slack(investmentanalysis) ...... 80 PRINTERS - DOT .. ATRIX Pet Emulator (emulates 4.0 basic) . . . . 30 CBM8023, 150 cps/graphics...... 589 PRODUCT OF THE MONTH Sprite-Master...... 29 EpsonFX Printer, 160 cps ...... 549 INTERPOD(intelligent IEEE AssemblerPackage (casselle or disk. EpsonMX-80FT ...... 459 RS232, serial interlace campiled. indudes editor, loader, EpsonMX-80 w/Graftrox...... 349 for VIC or C64) ...... S 179 disassembler) ...... 39 CBMGraphics for Epson...... 65 $pocebeit...... 20 Okldata 82A, 120 cps (serial R8ITobali...... 34 and paralle~...... 429 MARK ...... 25 NEe8023A (parallel) . . . . . 429 INTERFACES & ACCESSORIES Okidata 92 ...... 559 Slar Gemini,1 0 ...... 329 80 Column Expander...... S159 Slor Gemini, 15...... 499 VIC 1600 Modem...... 95

VIC 1650 (auto answer, auto dia~.. .. 150 CO.... ODORE BUSINESS VIC 1525 Graphic Printer . . 329 SERIES VIC 1530 DoIaselle Recorder...... 65 SuperPet(5 languages, VIC 1541 Disk Drive...... 329 2 pracessors)...... S1409 VIC SNitch (connect 8 64's or Vics CBM8032 Computer,80 Column. .. 1029 to printer, del) ...... 149 CBMMemory ExpanSion, 64K...... 359 PET-IEEEcable...... 33 CBM8050 , 1 mg. Dual Drive...... 1259 IEEE-IEEEcable (2m)...... 43 CBM8250 , 2 mg. Dual Drive . 1395 Parallel Interface (Epson, Okidata, CBM09060 , 5 mg. Hard Disk 1995 IDS, NEC) ...... 80 CBM09090 , 7.5 mg. Hard Disk. . . .. 2295 RS.232 Printer Interlace (Okidata, CBM2031, 170K Single Drive (New) 489 Diablo, etc.)...... 60 DC HayesSmart Modem...... 220 ProgrammernReference Guide...... 18 Verbatim Diskettes(1 0 per box)...... 26 BUSINESS SOFTWARE Victree (ProgrammernLltllily). . 75 WordPro 4' or 5+ ...... S 309 Administrator...... _. . . . 489 SJB DISTRIBUTORS INC. VIC PRODUCTS & ACCESSORIES VlSiColc(expanded) ...... 199 10520 Plano Rood, Suite 206 8K RAMMemory Expansion cartridge ... S 40 The Manager(databaSe)...... 199 Dallas, Texas 75238 16K RAM...... 70 BPI AI R. G/L Job Cost, Inventory, 24K RAM...... 105 Payroll...... ea.325 (214' 343-1328

CIrcle No Bits

Pieces

Wolf Whistle done at no charge to the customers on LDA #$FF part production modules. ST A $ DC(J)2 DDRA (Output) All Editor's Note-We at Commander Regards, Tony LaMartina LDA #$F7 would like to give Neil Harris, Editor of STA $DC(J)(J) PRA (enable row 3) the Commodore Magazine, credit for LDA $DC(J)1 PRB the " Wolf Whistle" listing in "CB2 CMP #$F7 is the "8 " key Sound" written by Louis Sanders, Selective Keyboard depressed which was published in our December BNE Premier Issue . Entry for Commodore 64 $_- JSR $ ()SUBROUTINE REF: Appendix M, page 429 of the CLDA #$FF Commodore 64 Programmers Refer­ STA $DC(J)(J) PRA Answers to White ence Ports (PRA, PRB, Guide-I/O RTS Flashes on the Screen DDRA, DDRB). PRA/PRB-Peripheral Register Ac­ Dear People: ~ tual I/O Port. In response to Vincent J. Monney, DDRAIDDRB-Data Direction Reg­ Jr.'s article in Bits & Pieces-Vlncent's Keyboard Selective Entry ister. Controls which pins of the peri­ problem with white flashes when his • May only be used in a machine pheral registers are Input and Output. 64 is in the RUN mode may be cured language routine. A) If a BIT in the DDR is set to a one by replacing the 6510 Microprocessor. 1) Set DDRB to Input. $DC(J)3 = $(J)(J) (1), the corresponding BIT in the PR I had a similar problem. The chip is 2) Set DDRA to Output. is an Output. $DC(J)2 easily replaced if you are careful or = $FF B) If a BIT in the DDR is set to a zero take it to your service center and have 3) Enable selected row by placing a ((J)), the corresponding BIT in the PR zero (J)in the corresponding PRA BIT them do it. is an Input. position. $DC(J)(D?? Sincerely, Richard Medrano, 3310 Kimber Court 133 , San Jose, CA 4) Read PRB and Compare to value 95124.0 Example corresponding to select key entry CMP $DC(J)1 ??

In your March/April issue, in the Bits DDR (J) 1 (J) 5) Decide action to take & Pieces department on page 42, a 6) Clear PRA $ DC(J)(J)= FF reader asked about " . enormous PR OUT IN OUT IN OU T IN OUI I 7) Return from subroutine white flashes on the screen whenever the computer is running Note- This reader can take his/her 64 to When key is depressed on a the nearest Commodore repair facility Example of selected row, the corresponding BIT to get the unit repaired. The repair per­ Selective Keyboard Entry in the PRB will go low (~.All other BITS son will be adding a .33 ut capacitor JSR will remain high (1). onto the CIrcuit board to remove this problem. ~ Sincerely, This modification is already done on LDA #$(J)(J) Joseph E, Albritton current production units and will be STA $DC(J)3 DDRB (Input) All SO/Commander June 1983 MSB I LSB PRB INPUT $DC01 COLUMN READ PB 1 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 PB 1 PB0 DDRB = $DC03 = $00 ~1~~~/~~~-/~~~~i~~~~/~~-I~\~-/~\~~/~~-

t { F5 F3 F1 F7 ~ RET DEL PA0 ,..... (L) SHFT E S z 4 A W 3 LSB PA1

x T F C 6 D R 5 PA2 ~

- y v U J B 8 G 7 ROW PA3 SELECT

N o L M J 9 PA4

@ - L P + MSB PA5 " (R) / t SHFT HME X £. PA6 PRAOUTPUT " $DC0 STOP Q o SPC 2 CTRL * DDRA= PA7 $DC02 =$FF

Our "64-PENCIL" Is a 100% MACHINELANGUAGE high-res sketch pad designed for the Commodore 64 microcomputer. Design, store and print high quality drawings, game back­ grounds,maps, blueprints, etc., using the PENCIL'Sconvenient special features: • Concisesingle-key command • High-resand block erase modes format and documentationenables for both line and color correcllons use by children and laymen. • Hard copy Is obtained rapidly • Precisemanlpulallon at the "pencil" with the Integral "DUNGENESS sprite with Joystickand fire button DUMP,"our machine coded high­ ·10 drawing speedsfor flexibility res bit map dump for the CBM1525 and detail graphic printer • 16 pencil and 16 pad colors • Images saved to disk or tape • Special "block-shutlle" sprtte • Full Commodorecharacter set feature for rapid block-by-block (Including graphics) con be duplication and translation of accessed and transposedto Images Images Send check or money order for $24.95 to:

DUNGENESSSOFTWARE FREE 323 Lotzgesell Road Catalog Sequim, WA 98382 Included I

Commander June 1983/81

News Releases

marketing a la carte marketing a la carte is located at "PIPES" for the VIC-20. This home 4929 North 43rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, concept education program, design­ Donald E. Rosner recently Joined (602) 952-2918.0 C"cie No 87 ed and written by John Doering, is the marketing a la carte as a partner. first in a series of titles intended to Previously, Rosner was with CAPEX bring the worlds of education and CORPORA TION for 13 years as a Vice games together. President. CAPEX (now Computer Commodore Capability The object of the program is to con­ Associates) is a major supplier of soft­ In recognition of the growing base nect all of the houses in Gilroy, CA to ware to the large-scale IBM computer of Commodore computer owners, the the main water tower. You have just so users. During Rosner's career with growing popularity of the VIC-20 and much money to buy different lengths Capex he had numerous responsibil­ Commodore 64 and the lack of good of pipe and you have just so many ities including marketing, sales, long software for them (particularly for the pieces of pipe available to you. The range planning, and product 64), Synapse Software has establish­ brilliant graphics and realistic sound acquisitions. ed a line of Commodore game make this educational piece play like "The addition of Don Rosner to software. a game while teaching children be­ marketing a la carte gives us exper­ Having assigned several key de­ tween the ages of 6-15 the concepts tise in some very specialized software signers to the project, Synapse will be of spatial relationships and economics. marketing areas, such as software releasing 8 Commodore compatible Adults will enjoy the strategic distribution, acquisitions, and long games during the first half of 1983, challenge of " PIPES." range planning," explains Barbara J. primarily in April and May. All the "PIPES " is a cartridge based pro­ Walter, partner and company founder. games are updates and improve­ gram available on the Commodore marketing a la carte offers market­ ments on highly popular and suc­ VIC-20 and will be available for the ing and sales services to computer cessful Atari 400/800 products. Commodore 64 by late 1983. software companies. It specializes in: The line-up includes: Astropatrol, Creative Software, dedicated to • Solving software distribution pro­ Fort Apocalypse, Gridworld, Drelbs, publishing a full-line of consumer soft­ blems for vertical markets. Survivor, Siamball , Pharoah's Curse, ware programs, was founded in 1977 • Developing video training courses and Harrier, and will receive extensive, Its offices are at 230 East Caribbean and video brochures for software. separate advertising support. Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 0 • Marketing communications pro­ Synapse Commodore products will C" cle No 89 jects: brochures, newsletters, direct all remain faithful to the graphic ex­ mail, advertisements, press releases, cellence, challenge and playability that etc. distinguish their other games; all will Gypsy • Acquiring or selling software broaden the rather narrow horizons of It's a jungle out there l Here you are, products. Commodore software currently avail­ a happy-go-lucky bug in the garden of • Establishing dealer incentive pro­ able; and all are guaranteed Instant your dreams . . you have spotted an grams for software companies selling Hits. Synapse, 5221 Central Avenue, especially juicy Ook tree in some through dealers. Richmond, CA 94804, (415) human's back yard and decided to

Many software companies cannot 527-7751 .0 C'rde 0 88 settle down to some serious leaf support a separate marketing depart­ munching. ment or sales force marketing a la But beware" You are not the only carte began business a year ago to of­ one who considers this tree their fer sales and marketing services on an "PIPES" First in Home home. Before you sink your teeth into "a la carte" basis. In addition, it offers Education from the luscious foliage, be prepared to the large software companies assist­ face enemies on all quarters. Nearby ance on special marketing projects for Creative Software grazes the infamous Flying Ant of which they do not have extra Creative Software is pleased to an­ Tasmania, a stubborn and ill-tempered manpower. nounce the immediate release of beast. He is busy about his own work, Commander June 1983/83 but if you disturb him he will give you a nasty bite' But ants are not your greatest worry. There is much greater danger here. The Poisonous Mushrooms at the foot of this tree are definitely to be avoid­ ed. Also in pursuit, the Fandango Bee, who has already become notorious in lower Sumatra because of her foul temper and selfish disposition. Last, but certainly not least of your worries, is the Locknest Spider who spends most of his time dangling from his sticky silk thread. So eat while you can . Each leaf sec­ tion is worth points on the widely ac­ cepted Blintz nutritional scale. The nectar from the flowers of Ook is also worth points, and you must take care not to travel on an empty stomach. But most important, avoid your predators Commodore Computers SURVIVAL is the name of the game in Used to Teach Preschoolers Gypsy. Preschoolers are stepping into the educational sales, Kindercare, the For the: Atari 4/800 Diskette + future as they use the Commodore largest nationwide childcare facility, Joystick, 32K: $26. Atari 4/800 PET and the Commodore 64 to started using the Commodore PET to Cassette + Joystick, 16K: $21. TI develop basic skills. The children, teach preschoolers in June of 1982 at 99/4A Cassette available later this ages three to six , attend Kindercare eight centers in Minneapolis. As this spring' Learning Centers in three cities, Min­ advanced educational technique pro­ Microcomputer Games, 4517 Har­ neapolis, MI; Houston, TX; and Mont­ ved to be successful, the program was ford Rd, Baltimore, MD 21214. 0 gomery, AL, where an innovative com­ expanded to 35 centers in Houston. Corcle 1\0 90 puter learning program is available. The program has been accepted Since the preschoolers do not yet with enthusiasm by both parents and New for Apple lie RGB read, they are given directions by a students. The Commodore computers Color Board natural voice recording played on a have proved to be so reliable and suc­ tape recorder connected to the com­ cessful as a teaching tool that in A new video board that provides the puter. The children who use a light pen January of 1983, the program was ex­ Apple lie computer with RGB to answer questions, are being taught panded once more and the Com­ (red/green/blue) video signals that pre-math and pre-reading concepts modore 64 was installed in 11 centers enhance the resolution and color quali­ memory skills, colors, shapes, and in the Montgomery, AL area. Commo­ ty of the supplied composite video, is concepts such as over/under. dore Business Machines, Inc., 487 now available. The board can be us­ Working with Fisher Scientific, Inc., Devon Park Drive, Wayne , PA ed with 80 column text so that color a Commodore Dealer specializing in 19087.0 Corcla No 92 graphics and text are displayed on one RGB Monitor. In addition, each text line can be set to anyone of 8 col­ Mailing List for the VIC-20 ors on any of 8 colors of background. Galactic Sof1ware announces the containing Name, Address, City, State, SYNC signals are ± TTL composite or availability of the '20 Mailing List which Zip, three comment fields, you not only ± TTL separate horizontal and vertical, gives the VIC user professional quali­ have a complete mailing list but a small for universal RGB Monitor compatibili­ ty, low-priced software. data base manager ty . The board plus into slot #7 and The '20 Mailing List comes in two The '20 Mailing List is completely comes with 5' of ribbon cable for versions one for tape and one for disk. menu driven and user friendly. It will signal output. Optional cable connec­ Both come in attractive binders with run on any VIC that has a 16K or more tor and longer length cable is complete documentation expander. available. The '20 Mailing List gives you capa­ The price is $25.95 for tape and Model VCB -2e-$169.00; Model bilities reaching into alphabetizing $27.95 for the disk version. VCB-A2, with VSS-80 RGB/80 column upon entry, sorting and searching on Contact Galactic Software, PO Box soft switch, is available for the Apple all fields, printing labels and printing 10516, San Jose, CA 95157, (408)

II.::::J Corcie \10 9 1 complete records With each record 247-4434. 0 C,' cl Na 9] 84/C ommander June 1983 It's . Time for TOTL SOFTWAREI m for the VIC 20 and COMMODORE 64 ™ WORD PROCESSING AND MAILING LIST & LABEL now available with CHICKSPEED FAST PRINTING • LIGHTNING LOADS • SIMPLE COMMANDS TOTLTEXT 2.0 + CS VIC + 8K expansion $25.00 A ll prog ram s work with 40/80 colu m n (V IC) and 80 TOTLTEXT 2.5 + CS VIC + 16K expansion $35.00 col umn (64) adapters - com pati ble wit h tape o r disk TOTLTEXT 2.6 + CS Commodore 64 $40.00 systems -sh ipped o n cassette tape - avai lable TOTLLABEl 2.1 + CS VIC + 16K expansion $20.00 o n disk 54.00 extra. TOTLLABEl 2.6 + CS Commodore 64 $20.00 Quality You Can Afford TOTl TIME MANAGER 2.1 VIC + 8K expansion $30.00 Available at your local dealer TOTl TIME MANAGER 2.6 Commodore 64 $35.00 or by phone order time management, scheduling, reports RESEARCH ASSISTANT 2.0 VIC + 8K expansion $30.00 RESEARCH ASSISTANT 2.0 Commodore 64 $35.00 key word cross·reference research tool TOTLBUSINESS 3.0 VIC + 16K expansion $85.00 ~ TUTL TOTLBUSINESS 3.6 Commodore 64 $95.00 3~~) software inc. business programs require disk and are shipped on disk .-/'555 Third Ave., Walnut Creek, CA 94596 One Megabyte Fuzzy Diskette $25.00 ~' ~ computer novelty pillow ' \ •. . ,. : ' , VISA . Call (415)943·7877 r ,~ 1 ,. 'I:: '. " - Commodore 64 and VIC 20 are registered trademarks of Commodore Electronics, Ltd .

MEMORY EXPANSION Don't just save money at 24K BOARD K- I Z MicroMedia's So/lware Sale B eca u se o ( o u r rece nt L e:!I I'L • hI g h vo lu me p u rc hase o ( - earn ~ome n~ng. Creative Compu tJng 's best educa tiona l and game so ft ware, we can offe r you th ese tg~VIC-20 ™ we ll reviewed progr ams well below list price (or free no'risk 30·day evaluation. So If yo u ' ve been waitmg for a chance to tr y before you buy. you've come to t he ngh l ~ORDERFACTORY DIRECT ad . And. because we have be tter t hing s to do With our tIm e tha n proc ess a pil e 01 re- tu rn s. we're prett y su re th at y o u 'r e going ~ ~"'.e*__ to like w hat you see . Le t u s kn ow. -AI $119.~ PET Programs on Cassette Board Games (SK ) $7.00 ADD $2.00 FOR POSTAGE & HANDLING Conversational Games (SK) 7.00 TEXAS RESIDENTS ADD 5% SALES TAX Ecology Simulations I (16K) 12.50 Ecology Simulations II (16K) 12.50 Graphic Games (SK) 7.00 .PLUGS INSIDE VIC-20 Haunted House Adventure (l 6K) 7.00 Sector 3 Air Traffic Controller (24 K) 7.00 LEAVES EXPANSION SLOT FREE Social & Economic Simulations (16K) 12.50 Study Made Easy (16K) 12.50 • USES HIGHEST QUALITY PARTS Trucker/Streets of the City (32K) 12.50 .90 DAY WARRANTY TRS-BO Programs on Cassette Air Traffic Controller (16K) $ 12.50 • COMPLETEL Y ASSEMBLED Ecology Simulations II (16K) 12.50 IQ Test (16K) 7.00 NO SOLDERING Social & Economic Simulations (16K) 12.50 Super Invasion (32K) 7.00 D~NAMICTECHNOLO~IES O HICldl school purch ase orders a nd preView reque sts on schwllellerhe ad dIes UIK ARLINGTON, TEXAS 76014 K-12 MICRDrMJ[ill)n~~ (817) 261-8363 172 Broadway,Woodcliff Lake, N.J, 07675 (201) 391·7555 VIC·20 is a registered TM of Commodore Business Machines

C" cle No 50 CirCle No sa Commander June 1983/85 Use Any Cassette (206) 236-BYTE. Include $2.50 for with a five-minute video brochure that shipping outside the US, Canada or they can use in their stores to tell Recorder with New Mexico. Credit card and COD cus­ customers about our accounting VIK-OUBBER tomers can call (1-800) 227-3000 toll software. ' , The VIK-DUBBER cassette interface free or (1-800) 792-3000 in CA Ask for BE Software feels that video support allows VIC-20 and 64 users to save operator 225.0 Circle No 94 for customers is a necessity. " We can and load data using any standard no longer expect computer stores to cassette recorder. The VIK-DUBBER know everything about every package circuitry filters and enhances the BE Software Offers they carry," Gale explains. " The ven­ cassette data, virtually eliminating bad dor has to take responsibility. We loads. The VIK-DUBBER also includes Video Training would like to challenge the other micro several features to allow easier cas­ Business Enhancement Software, a software vendors to follow our lead sette use. It allows you to connect two supplier of accounting systems for the and provide video training for their cassette recorders together to make full line of Commodore computers, an­ products." high quality backup copies of cassette nounces a major addition to its line: In addition. BE Software has a toll programs, even machine language. It video training for customers. free number that dealers and cus­ also has an indicator light and quiet , 'With the addition of video support, tomers can use if they have an y audible tone to help you adjust the we are the first micro-software com­ questions-(602) 271-9181. cassette volume for proper use, and pany to offer the complete product. BE Software is a division of Merrill to allow you to monitor the cassette When a customer leaves a computer Communications, a mu lti-million dollar data. Its power is from the computer, store with our product, he not only gets high technology corporation. BE Soft­ so no batteries are needed. The VIK­ the software to do the accounting, but ware has been in business since 1977, DUBBER comes in an attractive case, he also gets the video cassette to show handling all accounting needs for the tested and read y for immediate use. him how to use the software," said L. Commodore line, and doing it at affor­ It's available for $34.95 postpaid from Russel Gale, President of BE Software. dable prices. The company is located Bytesize Micro Technology, PO Box He adds, " Even our dealers get a at 2949 West Osborn Road . Phoenix . 21123, Dept. GC, Seattle, WA 98111, complete product. We provide them AZ 85017. D O rcle No 9S

For your Commodore 64 CIR-KIT ENCINRJ!RING

For only $12 .95 each, our CURSOR ARlIOUliCES 64 tapes are your best buy for the Commodore 64. They take advantage VIC 20 - SUPER EXPANDER BOARD (VM 10 4) . (QUICKSET of the color, sound , and sprites that

make the 64 such a delight to use. Fou r Inde~endent]y Swit cha b le Zxpan sion Sl ots Most of our packages include three Quic k set ~rt{!:Jat) S..,i c h Po'.;e r t' U 5G Pr o tect ed excellent Basic programs on one cas­ Use :- Po,,",e r Su pp l y Co nn ec tion sette tape. The programs are not copy Gold Pl at ed PCB Edge Connec t o r s protected, so you can look at the Highes t ~ ~ltty Mate rials

source code, and learn how to make COKl!ODORE 64 - SUPER EXPANDER BOARD (64~i-I04).• ( , U[CK~Ei the 64 do its tricks. We don't have room to describe all Al l The F'eatur~9 Of The Ab ove VIC 20 Bo~rd Pl u s 25 of our CURSOR 64 programs here. . F'l lly Bu ffe r ed - f, lh'ce S3ttr y Req ! r emC n t For Cor r ec t As a sample, you may want to order Opcr~tion From ~~iD o r t tape 64-5 with the exciting Godzilla PET( CBM - ROM Ei~ULATOR (PMB ) .,/B A;1f.R Y 3AC;; UP program. You'll be challenged as you -l

try to save Tokyo from from the ram­ Allo ws 4~~Of 'Nri t~ Pr otecte ci ,/d'l paging Godzilla. Or try tape 64-3 with Plug r; I n t o Any R;}M Socke Aho ve Scre e n il:e :no :-y

~_jtun a r d 'oU t h tt~ry Jiac ku p the popular Miser tex1 adventure that & Co rtlplt' bl e . ',j i tn Any lr"'lrtJe K[:y bo:lr d t-iuch i ne will take you hours to solve (even if you Us . As A Soft~are Developm~n 7001

cheat and read the program source). US~ 70 LD~d ROM Images At Conf lic t i ng Addres~e~, We have super programs for the r.:. g .: Bns c Aid , 'Hc r o:!lo n , ":'o r ':. Rou:.. l ll·::'o , E t c: . ... Fo r ·t GP~cinl lim i t.e d t illle ',l i lt i nc lude a Basic VIC 20, such as Dungeon ($12.95), a Rc lo ca to r li 3 t ! ng whl e n wi l n l l o w y ou to conY~rt visual adventure for 16K VICs. Our & 'c!xec u t e bas ic p r ogramG st o r e d i n the rr·jB-l. VIXEL programs are also popular with ------AVAI LABLE IN THREE ECONOMICAL FORMS------VIC owners. And, we still sell all 30 of the original CURSOR cassettes for the t'MP _ !

~ . t $~6 ~ original PET and CBM. \, Fully Bu tl & Test ed $59 · 95 5 $7 9· 95 2. :~it.Fo r m ( Al l Par t s In cl d) $4 9.95 $59 · ') 5 J 9 · '; 5

Call or write for a catalog today. Be 3· PCB Only (No Pilrts) $29 . 95 $2:' ·95 $Z~·95 sure and tell us whether you have a 64, '~nd Check o r Money Or der to : eiR - KI T ENGINBERING a VIC, or a PET We welcome credit 101 36 E_ 96TH STREET cards, and ship most orders the same INDI ANAPOLIS, [ N 46 25 6 day they are received. Dealer inquiries In~!udc S2 .00 Shi p pi nS & lian d li n&

invited. : ndiL.\na RCG~dC:1t.5Add 5;( S", lee lu X Allow 20 D~ys Fo r Pe r s o na l C ~cks

CURSOR 64, Box 6905 FUTURE PRODUCTS AVAI LABLE SOON -

Santa Barbara. CA 93110 Di r ec t : APE t o TAPE C~ssett.e COpy MODULE 805-683-1585 £PRO,",l Pr OB r amlDe r Ext e r nal Ke yb oa rd for Bua l nl'!:)3 , Gam!!!1, Pr o 'r'~:1I::', Etc

Circle No. 43 a6/C ommander June 1983 Clf'!:le NO 38 Micro Computer VIC-20 24K Memory Interference Control Expansion Board A new 40 page catalog from Elec­ A fully assembled PC Board that fits tronic Specialists presents their line of inside the computer, leaving the ex­ ,.. 22 B MILLER STREET, BELFAST. MAINE 04915 computer interlerence control pro­ pansion port free. Total installation time V (207)338-1410 c0MIII0D0R£6II:: ducts. Protective devices for smooth is less than five minutes and requires Software & Accessories for the VIC-20 software operation include Equipment only a screw drive r. A complete set of -CARDCO- CAROBOARDl6: 6 Slot ExpanSion VIC 579.99 Isolators, AC power line filter/Suppres­ easy to follow pictorial instructions are CAROPRINT: Parallel Primer Interlace lor VIC or 64 564.99 CARORITER: Light Pen with 6 good programs. VIC or 64 531.99 sors, Line Voltage Regulators and AC included. CAROAOAPTER: Play Alan VCS Games on your VIC 574.99 CAROBOARD'3S: slot exp.·fused·swltche

ONLY $ 119_99 ~usstQOOsh<>p;ng& handl'ng - CREATIVE SOFTWARE- TERRAGUARO: Destroy the aliens belore they land VI( S2'.99

SPeLLS & FILLS: Develop fano and perspective sk~ns-Iunfl . S2,.99 PIPES : Hook all homes to waler WIth 1Im1ledPIpe & cash . !i. S2' .99

V1DEOMANIA: Kill aliens With lapper beCoret hey 9ft1you .. ~'.S2'.99

BASIC COMPILER RAT HOTEl : Move I,om top 10 bonom IkX:Ir$-walch Waldo ~, $l'.99 APPLE PANIC: Set Traps 10' Deadly Apples Before they get you . $l'.99 AND ASSEMBLER ASTRO BUTZ: lJke Defender - CrealJlle ComputJrg Rales thiS' t . S2'." BLACK HOLE: AvOid Space Debns & Gravity 01 Btack Hole" $l'.99 CHOPUFTER: Fight onJets . Tanks. Sams 10 Rescue Hostages $l'.99

SERPENTINE: Banle 01 the Serpents "'~ $2',99

HOUSEHOLD FINANCE: 2 Taoes - 4 Programs ' ,~ $l4 .99 '~' FOR ATARI LOAN ANAL VIER : Loan Ca,culahons - Amortlzahon Table ,I! S12.99 SKYLIGHT SOFTWARE TAPE /I' - Canon Due!- Breakout - Runarourd - Slockcar - Space & TAPE Target Space Tank - COMMODORE 64,R) #2 - PIsaoI- Duel- B29 - Roadblock TAPE #3- Sub Hunt - Blockade - tndySOO- uFO - Jungle Dnver TAPES".'2, '3ONLYS9.99 EACH VICGAilE lIIRARY - All. 15 GAMESON ONE TAPE $25.00 THE BASM BASIC COMPILER AND ASSEMBLER FOR Voc In1onnanonManagemenl - 10 Convnards $12.99 N£WI COMMODORE64 LlBRARl'-DI51 ONLY•••••• 529.99 AT ARI / COMMODORE 64 produces programs that run up to 80MM.R - POKER- BLACl.JA(X - 3D MAZE - TREASURE ISU ADv - 64 DATA MANAGER- SPRITEAID 130 times faster than Atari / Commodore BASIC. Uses the FliGHTIIMULATOR- 3 MILEIILANO - MISCELLANEOUS- syntax of BASIC w ith ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE data types and aulCK BROWN FOX: Prol6SSlOl"'.a1Word Proc:e5S.IrgCan VIC/64 549.99 TOTL TEXT 2.0: Cass - BasIC Word Processor VIC/64 SI','9 addreSSing modes Has the efficiency of ASSEMBLY but cu ts TOn TEXT 2.5: Cass - Advanced\-\brdProcessor-Req BKExp . S27 .'9 TO'!"L LABEL : Cass - Mailing Lisl.VIC/64 $16.99 program development time by 2 to 3 times Produces highly RESEARCH ASSISTANT: Cass -NoIek€ePrg to' Term P-djJefS, etc $24.99 ROAD TOAD: Cass - LJke Frogget . VIC 516.99

efficient ROMabie binary files Programming features IF­ MIWPE.OE: Cass - L.ke CemlpeOe .• ~ 516.99 GALACnC BLITZ: Casso - , 5 Drf1erent Panems " $19.99 ELSE-ENDIF ; WHILE-ENDWHILE , DEF-ENDDEF . Utility SIDEWINDER: Casso - BK Exp. ReqUIred .; . $24.99 SWARM : Casso - The laSleSI you ve seen ,. . $24.99 libraries: graphics : disc access: debugging aid. Ed itor in­ WIllII 'S ASSISTANT:Pawerlul Disk Bosed Word Processor. 64 SID •.•• filiNG ASSISTANT:DOlo ManagemenT for all your needs 64. SIO •••• cluded Block-structured capability Eases the transition from SPIU,DSNHT ASSISTANT:Visi·lype sahware for The 64 SI 0 •. " eOMMDDOII LOGO: Similar To Appll! logo. 64 sa•.•• BASIC to ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE programming Eliminate VANILLA PILOT: Easy 10 use language, VIC or 64 S2'." PrT EMULATOR:Run many PETpt"ogroms on 64 S26.99 the tedium of calculating the logistics of ASSEMBLY Syntax IUSINISSMAN BTCM5: Generolle

FOOTBALL : Casso - Req. 8K Exp. - All 81 NFL Teams ,~. SI2.9' A vailable soon for APPLE I/@ GALACTfCCONQUEST: Req.8KExp - StralegyGame-lI06 S •. " MARTIAN RAIDER : Inlergalacllc ships In anack on Mars'~S 16." Dealer inquiries invited. SHARK TRAP : Snare the Sharks With atomiC net or die ,I SI6.99 MUL Tl·SOUND SVNTHESISER: CompJse youl own kind 01 muSic S16." ANNIHILATOI: llk.e Defender VI(/64 SI7." BASM requires 32K, disk Price $9995 plus $200 for shipping IONGO lONG: Lik.e Dankl!Y Kong VI(/64. S17 ." 1 ADV[NTURI PAell : 5 AdvenTures VI(/64 S17 ," (add $150 for C.OD.) In Calif. add 6 1c% tax Specif., Atari or &DVINTUII PACI If: 5 Advenlures VI(/64 . S17 .99 Commodore. Send check or money order to GIAVE IO.IIIS : Graphic AdvenTure VIC/64 . S17.99 ADD $2.00 FOR SHIPPING & HANDLING COMPUTER ALLIANCE 21115 DevonShire St .111320, Chatsworth, CA91311 / (213)368-4089 SENQSI OOFORCCW'\£TEL!STt~ OI''''''OIO&I) OVEFl200ITEMS·SPECJr"w''o'IC·20OAC~ '" Circle No 10 Commander June 1983/87 New Products Quality Software From Scientific Educational Software Multiplication Tables- Practice VIC with or without memory expan­ tion reduces the liklihood of ad­ multiplication tables or administer a sion. Order #104 $8 .95 ministering identical histograms more timed test. The test problems are Pearson r Correlation-r can be than once during each running of the presented in random order and the calculated for data entered by key­ task. Requires 8K memory expansion . score is displayed at the end . Fun and board or from page. Program features Order #144. $19.95. easy to use. Does not require memory mistake correction option for data en­ Probability Change Detection expansion Order #1 . $7 .95 . tries. Enables user to save data files on Program- This three minute task Numeric Keypad I- Keypad and tape. Printer is recommended but not was developed to determine the software that allow easy entry of required Order #106. $15 .95. minimum amount of change from ran­ numeric data into VIC-20 . Enhances Super Randomizer-Program dom probability that is required for the VIC as a scientific and business generates random numbers within a detection by the user. Up to four dials tool. Requires no modification of the range specified by the user. User can are presented on the screen wi th VIC . Contains automatic error detec­ specify integers, or real numbers and pointers that move in random fashion tion and allows user to display, print, sample with or without duplication. until a bias occurs to which the sub­ change, or delete entries. Develop Runs with or without memory expan­ Ject responds. User presses the key your software around this device for ef­ sion. Order #109. $6.95 with the number of the dial on which ficient operation. Requires 8K memory Super Checkbook Balancer­ the bias is present. Bias occurrences, expansion. Use with or without printer. Program accepts as input statement subject responses and reaction times Order #2. $3995 balance, outstand ing deposi ts , are recorded Requires 8K memory Numeric Keypad II - Similar to checks, miscellaneous charges, and expansion Order #145 . $19 .95 . above but utilizes a heavy- duty credits. Outputs total outstanding Item Categorization Task- This keypad that is easy to use for extend­ deposits, total outstanding checks, task is designed to assess the .Ievels ed periods in the home, office, school, and current account balance. Pro­ of cognitive processing associated or laboratory. Software allows you to gram features mistake correction op­ with discriminating two objects or items save data files on tape for use later or tions on all entries, and will run without when three rules are used for classify­ to feed into your existing software with memory expansion. Order # 131 ing the objects. Response times, only minor modification; instructions $8 .95 . means, standard deviations, stimulus provided. Requires 8K memory ex­ Histogram Identification Task­ items, stimuli, and user respo nses are pansion. Use with or without printer. This three minute task was design­ recorded and displ ayed 32 items are Order #3. $6995. ed to assess the level of cognitive pro­ presented per trial. Duration of this Joystick Repair Kit-Contains the cessing associated with spatial task depends on user response times. parts that break or wear out most manipulations. The program requires Requires 8K memory expansion. frequently on Commodore or Atari the user to determine if a user­ Order # 146 $19 .95. joysticks. Use with your existing cord selectable number of histograms Gas Mileage Calculator- Program and base. Have one on hand when matches target histograms previously requ ires as input car mileage at you need it. Available in black. Order displayed at a different orientation previous fill-up, mileage at current #4 . $3 .95. Response times, mean response at previous fillup , mi leage at current Mean, Standard Deviation, and times, standard deviation, user fillup, and the number of gallons or Variance-Pro gram calculates the responses , histogram orientation and litres at current fillup. Subsequent mean, standard deviation , and vari­ heights are recorded. Sixteen targets calculations require only current ance of sets of numbers entered via and sixteen comparison histograms mileage and current quantity at fillup keyboard. This program will run on the are presented during a run. Randomi- since previous information is saved on 88/ Commander June 1983 tape. Runs with or without memory ex­ 3 reports a large concentration of what each of the three voices, and filter con­ pansion. Order #152. $7.95. appears to be larva-stage aliens. In trols for the voices. (Also includes Address Label Maker-Program room B, Sgt. Olmn announces the ring/sync/gate). The data can be prints address labels and stores lists presence of several large life forms saved and recalled from disk. Voice on tape for economical preparation of that appear to be scattering spores. Programmer utilizes a °graphics mailings. Great for churches and The situation looks grim. Certainly, equalizero display to define the various clubs. VIC 1515 or 1525 printer re­ success will depend on your daring, on/off options. The keys f1, f3, f5, f7 quired. Memory expansion not re­ cunning, tactics and ability to make select the waveform . The keys 4-7 quired for up to 30 average length ad­ quick decisions. select the voice and filter, 8 saves the dresses. Order #180. $10.95 Space Station Zulu is ready to run data on disk and 9 recalls it. In addi­ All software is provided on high in diskette form on the Apple II and tion, the keyboard is configured to the o quality computer-grade cassettes. Atari 800 computers with 48K fifth octave, with the °a keyassign­ Products warranted against defects memory. The price is $25 each The ed to middle C, through the ° 1 ° key, in materials and workmanship for 90 cassette version is available for Atari assigned to D in the sixth octave. days. Claims handled on an exchange 400/800 with 32K, at $20. Sharps are also represented . (C# is o basis during warranty period. We commend Avalon Hill on this assigned to the °w key). This allows No minimum order. No charge for new software. This gamemaker is the user to sample the tonal quality of shipping and handling. answering its sci-fi hungry customers' the voice and filter settings. Programs are for Commodore demands with this new solitare adven­ Player-Taking from the disk the VIC-20 only. ture game from the microcomputer compiled version created in Melody Orders accompanied with money division. Maker or Sound Compuser, Player order or cashiers check are filled within The Avalon Hill Game Company, constructs a data table in memory, 24 hours. Otherwise allow 4 to 6 4517 Harford Rd , Baltimore, MD and executes a machine language weeks. 21214, (301) 254-5300 D Circle No. 67 subroutine which plays the piece. The Ohio residents please add 5'/2% subroutine is constructed so that any sales tax. parameter of the SI D can be repro­ VIC-20 is a registered trademark of 3 Programs to grammed at any 1/60 second interval, Commodore Business Machines. Create and Play Music giving the user great flexibility in sound AT ARI is a registered trademark of effect. ATARI, INC. Melody Writer-Melody Writer These programs are separated from Write for quotes concerning custom allows the user to type in sheet music one another so that the memory of the modification of products to suit your using up to three voices and save the 64 can be used most effectively­ specific needs: Scientific & Education­ data on disk for future recall and storing data. al Software, Inc , PO Box 54 , Dayton, editing . Melody Writer also includes a All three programs on disk or tape OH 45420. 0 Circle No 66 compiler program, which converts the for only $24.95. Contact your local sheet music into frequency and dura­ dealer or Skyles Electric Works, 231 E tion note tables, which Player utilitzes South Whisman Road, Mountain View,

Fun and Adventure in constructing its data tables. Melody CA 94041 (415) 965-1735. 0 Co,:leo &8 with New Writer allows the user a standard piano keyboard range: eight octaves, 12 Microcomputer Game notes per octave (equal tempered Responding to diverse customers' scale) Furthermore, the user can T AXaWIK® Overview demands, Avalon Hili introduces a specify a tempo, which adjusts the TAxaWIK® , intended for use by new adventure game for play on the duration of each note. Notes and rests profeSSional consultants and tax most popular Personal Home can be programmed from whole to accountants, has been created with Computers. thirty-second in duration, including the ability to process the following Space Station Zulu is an outpost of dotted notes. Provisions for sharps are forms and schedules-1040, 1040 a peace-loving civilized race called also included. (Flats must be translated Estimated Tax-Lettered Schedules: Yargs. You think, just another routine to sharps.) A, B, C, 0, E, F, G, SE, W-Num­ tour, as you settle back into the plush The music data is stored on disk with bered Forms: 3903-Mo ving Expen­ comfort of the captain's chair. a file name specified by the user. ses, 2106-Employee Business Ex­ ALARM! You're jolted to your When compiling the data, the music pense, 2441 - Child Care Credit, senses. Suddenly, the bridge is a data file and the voice data file must 3468-ln vestment Credit 5695- pandemonium . The disturbing be specified The compiled version is Home Energy Credit, 2210-Under­ message says: ALIENS ABOARD! then saved out to disk. payment of Estimated Tax, 4562- Quickly you instruct your tough robots Voice Programmer-This program Depreciation. to engage the aliens. Some reports are is used to define the waveform, attack T AXaWIK ® enables productivity filtering back. A robot in Landing Dock /decay, sustainirelease settings of increases in every phase of tax prepar­ Commander June 1983/89 ation; actual preparation of the return , All input requests are fully prompted curacy of larger numbers not available checking and editing of the return, and with complete verification of input data. in smaller systems. printing and assembling of the com­ Most reports may be printed either to Most reports may be printed either pleted return . the screen or the printer and started to the screen or the printer and started For example Income Averaging, a or stopped at any point. The user is led or stopped at any point. The system method of tax computation involving completely through each function by provides to options of printer widths to averaging the current year's taxable a series of highlighted prompts, fully accommodate most printers in use: 80 income with the taxable income for the explaining the required input at each and 130 columns. All input requests four prior years can be computed in point. are fully prompted with complete veri­ less than a minute. A professionally written instruction fication of input data. The user is led The program also makes simu ltane­ manual is included, which shows sam­ completely through each function by ous comparisons of a client's Joint ple reports generated by the system. a series of high lighted prompts, ful ly return with the same client's return fil­ Further explanations of each step and explaining the required input at each ed on a married, filing separately prompt as it is encountered by the point. basis. Using income averaging as a user, together with the reports, make A professionally written instruction base, the client can then decide which the system extremely user-friendly. manual is included, which shows sam­ approach will better satisfy his individ­ The System III contains File­ ple reports generated by the system. ual tax requirements. Guard ™ I to protect irreplaceable Further explanations of each step and T AXaWIK@ will also provide you data files, assuring the user that all prompt as it is encountered by the with the ability to process the follow­ data files will remain intact, even if elec­ user, together with the reports, make ing State's returns-New York, New trical power is lost. the system extremely user-friendly. Jersey, Pennsylvania, California, Flor­ The System III, when used with an The System IV contains FileGuard™ ida, Iowa 8050 Disk Drive (or larger), requires II to protect irreplaceable data files, T AXaWIK@ prints directly onto the only one disk for all programs and assuring the user that not only will all Federal Forms with the option of im­ allows the user to have either a single data files remain intact should elec­ mediate as well as batch printing. or multiple data disks. The configura­ trical power be lost, but also that in­ T AXaWIK @ , The Tax Prepara­ tion later may be changed by the user. terim posting data is retained and tion System, is well documented and The system will interface ali modules available as processing is restarted easy to use. This program has been together, if so desired by the user. and continued. in use for more than 6 years The system may begin with less than The System IV, when used with an SpeCifications all of the available modules and have 8250 Disk Drive (or larger), requires only one disk for all programs and Equipment Requirements-8032 , the other modules added later. System allows the user to have either a single 8050, 4040 Full Range of Printers. III can be upgraded to System IV. Language-Compiled Basic. Computer Requirements: Commo­ or multiple data disks. The configura­ Storage Capacity-68 Complex dore 8032, 8096 or SuperPET. tion later may be changed by the user. Returns (8050) 150 Simple Returns, Suggested Configuration: 8032 Double 8050 Disk Drive units may also Utilities-Format a New File Disk, Computer, 8050 Disk Drive, 4022 be used and one 8050 with some pos­ Back-Up Your Diskette, Validation of Printer. sible disk interchange is also support­ Date, Look-Up/Print Client File, Clear Alternative Disk Versions: 4040 Disk ed . The system will interface all mod­ Memory. Drive, 8250 Disk Dri ve, Corvus. ules together, if so desired by the user. For more information write or call Contact: Southern Solutions, PO The system may begin with less than Geneva Technologies Corp., 14 Com­ Box P, McKinney, TX 75069.0 all of the available modules and have Circle No 69 merce Drive, Cranford, NJ 07016, the other modules added later, Just as both the Commodore 64 Business­ (201) 276-1144.0 Circle No. 70 System IV Ware and System III from Southern Solutions can be upgraded to System Accounting System IV will be able to be upgraded to future System III The System IV Accounting System larger systems from Southern Solu­ is a fully interactive general accounting tions, Accounting System system designed for the larger busi­ Computer Requirements: 8032, The System III Accounting System ness user, especially those who must 8096 or SuperPET Computer. is a fully interactive general accounting deal with large figures, $1 million up Suggested Configuration: 8032 system designed for the first-time user. to $1 billion. It provides more modules Computer, 8250 Disk Drive, Mannes­ It is especially useful for the small for a wider variety of applications. The mann-Talley 8024-L Printer. business that has fairly large demands most significant feature of the system Alternative Disk Versions: 8050 Disk H for printing, and whose files of ac­ is SuperMath ." allowing entry and Drive and Corvus, counts, customers, vendors, employ­ use of numbers up to one billion Contact: Southern Solutions, PO ees, and invoices are Significant. dollars and providing calculation ac- Box P, McKinney, TX 750690 Circle No. 7 1 gO/ Commander June 1983 YES! Publishes Unique New Guide A new guide to the rapidly expand­ ing field of microcomputer books has just been published by Yes! Inc., for the Yes! Bookshop in Washington , DC. Entitled Computers: A Comprehensive Guide, this 64-page annotated bibli­ ography contains short, critical reviews FIVE POWERFUL SOFTWARE of over 800 of the best microcomputer DEVELOPMENT TOOLS books published to date. PItts (;lteExcitiltg .New Eook The books in the guide are arrang­ ed by 26 separate topics. These range INSIDE THE COMMODORE 64'· from the philosophical-such as arti­ THE BOOK THE TOOLS ficial intelligence, computers and A complete clear explanation of machine Assembler/Edltor/Loader/Decoder/Monltor language, Assembly language. Commodore 64 Full-featured Assembler allows use of labels, architecture. graphiCS, loystlck and sound effect comments and arithmetic expressIons to create society-the the practical-such as programming. Detailed step-bY'step guide to the machine language programs . Create. save. use of the development tools. How to combine modify Assembly language programs with the business applications, programming BASIC and machine language. make auto-start Editor. Load and link machine language modules cartridges. Interface with the Internal ROM· with the Loader. Decode machine language back languages, assembly languages and based programs of BASIC and the Kernal. inlo assembly language for study or Input to the Sample programs fully explained. Editor. Single-step program execution with the microprocessors, and machine­ Monitor. Combines Assembler/Editor for maxi­ specific hardware and software. mum ease of use. Each book is critically reviewed by ALL FOR $54.95 PLUS 52.00 POSTAGE AND HANDLING Add 55.00 lor disk version . l Cris Poponoe, manager of the Yes Send check , M.O. , VISA/MC (52.00 S.C.) or specify C.O .D. (add 53.00) to: Bookshop and author of the highly­ acclaimed Yes! Bookshop Guides, P.O. Box 207, Cannon Fails , MN 55009 Inner Development and WeI/ness 507-263-4821

(both distributed by Random House). Co mm o d o re 64 '''' Is "' re9j~leredTM of Commodo re Busine ss Machine s Inc. Popenoe's clear, concise style-and obvious love of computers-makes reading the guide an informative and .OX~@JJLrTM pleasurable experience. For those ·Crafty Software from THE FOX" who have difficulty choosing, a few FOX 20:'" books in each topic are specially The magazine for ·VIC 20 users. On Cassette. The all magnetic magazine with 5 or more original programs per month. Game - Educational - Utility recommended for their superiority in programs at an average cost 01 88C per program. FOXTALES - our video newsletter h.. Articles. Hints. content and presentation. Reviews and more. Delivered monthly to your door. Give your VIC 20 value and power with FOX 20. T exaa Resident. add 5'1b Salea Tax S53/yr. U.S. Je3/yr . Cannada. Overaeu Je.50 Slngl •• Back laauea All of the books reviewed are regularly stocked by the Yes l 0prmono/mulltcolor sprit... joyatick/key­ board. tape/disk. 10K w/FAST machine language routines. Over I\(' command&: ROTATE (any angle 0-380), its world-wide mail order service. Com­ INVERT/OBVERT. SHIFT. SYMMETRY. AND/OR, REVERSE. REVIEW. MOI/IE (animation). Create and edit plete information, including order UP to 128 sprites per llie. For programming efficiency and FUN1 Includes the Game Maker - automatically prepares a base lor game development forms, is included in the guide. For Can.tte 129.95 Disk 134 .95 over seven years, the Yes! Bookshop FOXPACS Selected program collections lor the VIC 20 and Commodore 84 - Games. Adventures. Educatlonals. Home has been providing its thousands of Utilities. Programming Utilities. etc. Each FOXPAC contalna 4 program. on Individual caasettes. See mail order customers with fast, effi­ catalog lor descriptions. 120. cient, personal service. This includes All orders pre-paid (U.S. lunds). Author and Dealer Inquiries Invited. Send lor our free catalog for more helping them with special orders and inlormation on these and other fine products. sending them free, fully annotated up­ Don't be outFOXed - Run with dates of the new books in their fields as they are published. FOX~®IFlJTM Computers : A Comprehensive P.O. Box 507 Guide is priced at $2 , postpaid, (refun­ Deer Park, Texas 77536 dable with the first book order) and is (713) 473 -6723 available from : Yes I Bookshop, 1035-31 st Street NW, Washington, DC A Division 01 Fodire Syetema. Inc. 'VIC 20 • Commodore 64 ar. trademart.a of Commodor. 8 ...... Machin... Inc. 20007, (202) 338-2727.0 Circle NO 72 Circle No. 51 Commander June 1983/91 BusinessWare™ with the typical Commodore 64 con­ dates,when the respondent is incor­ figuration of equipment the computer, rect, nor discourages, when the com­ The BusinessWare™ group of soft­ a 1541 Disk Drive, a C2N Datasette pleted drill test score falls below ware for the Commodore 64 computer Tape Drive, and a 1525 Printer. But passing. provides full-featured, computerized some users will find they have different Where appropriate, Learn- record keeping that is designed for the needs. These programs will support ingWare™ scores each completed non-professional computer user, as almost any Commodore disk drive unit drill, with both percentage correct, and well as the non-professional book­ or printer, plus the Corvus hard disk letter grade. Provision is made for keeper or record manager. Although drives and almost any standard ASCII altering the letter grades to fit the some packages are for home or pro­ printer, assuming the user purchases user's grading system, which is ex­ fessional use, most of these systems suitable interfaces. plained in the program documenta­ are perfect for the very small, or at­ Some systems will communicate tion. All programs also display the home, business. In addition, other with each other for posting or updating number of questions attempted, allow­ businesses that have limited needs for of information. All files can be transmit­ ing the drill supervisor to consider the heavy-duty processing will find these ted through a modem to another com­ percentage relati ve to the students packages are ideally "in-between." puter by using the MailBoxTM chosen number of questions. These systems are an excellent choice package and the standard VIC Contact Southern Solutions, PO for " step-up" systems, allowing the Modem or any other suitably interfac­ Box P, McKinney, TX 75069 0 beginning computer-user the oppor­ ed modem. C" ele No.7. tunity to start using real accounting Contact Southern Solutions, PO systems and concepts that can be Box P, McKinney, TX 75069 .0 upgraded later to a larger system, Creative Software Wants C"ele No 73 such as the System III or System IV. You to "Save New York!" All systems have menus for the user LearningWare™ & Creative Software is pleased to an­ to select various operations to be per­ nounce the release of " Save New formed. The programs provide FunWare'" Yorkl" , a game cartridge for the Com­ prompts, to which the user responds, The LearningWare'" series of pro­ modore 64, designed and written by to move through the operation being grams has been designed specifical­ Joe Jetson. This game will be available done. Each program provides reports ly for the Commodore 64 and VIC-20 June 1. and printouts that provide verification computers. All of the LearningWare™ New York, more than most towns, of proper entry and for use in com­ programs will run either in the Com­ has mutants ... in the buildings, in the municating away from the computer. modore 64 or the unexpanded VIC-20, sewer system, on the streets and Each program comes complete with but memory expansion may be used. especially in the subways. You, a guidebook that is easy to read and All programs are available on disk or defender of all that is good, must understand. It provides complete infor­ tape. destroy all of the above ground and mation necessary for learning to use The concept of the FunWare'" pro­ subterranean mutants before they the system, for explanation of each grams is strictly to entertain. These destroy New York. prompt and possible alternatives, and programs use the high quality sprite The hardest part of "Save New for reference for as long as the system and sound synthesis capabilities of the Yorkl" is trying to figure out why you is used . Commodore 64 to give hours of pleas­ would want to Save New York. These programs contain profes­ ure to the whole family Available either Creative Software, is located at 230 sional level file structures developed on disk or tape. East Caribbean Drive, Sunnyvale, CA for use in larger systems, but available LearningWare™ is an educational 94086. (408) 745-1655.0 Circle No 75 at prices affordable by the smaller set of programs ranging in subject and user. The user can normally configure skill level, designed to supplement the system to allow data to be stored elementary, junior, and senior high Video Activated on the main disk dri ve, a separate disk school courses. Each program is user­ Power Switch for drive, or maximize file contents by friendly, in the Southern Solutions trading disks in the main dri ve and tradition, containing simple-to-read­ Remote Video Monitors storing data separately from the pro­ and-understand prompts, and safe­ A low cost video activated power grams Historical copies of files may be guarded against accidental program switch to turn-on and turn-off video made to the tape dri ve, to a second exits, yet forgiving in input spelling monitors, is now available. The switch 1541 Disk Drive or to drive 1 of the errors, when appropriate. detects horizontal SYNC from the H double drive unit. All programs contain LearningWare " is especially useful video signal to turn the monitor, or FileGuard™ II, to protect the data in drills, and other educational applica­ other device on. In the absence of a files, even in the event of power failure tions requiring repetition and memori­ video signal, the monitor or other during operation. zation Students are presented with the device turns off. Advantages of the These systems are designed for use data in a manner that neither intimi- remote switch are Saves electrical 92/C ommander June 1983 energy by using monitor display only IEEE-488 64 Digital when video signal IS present; reduces Channel Data Acquisition Input Module monitor maintenance; eliminates distractions from free-running Connecticut microComputer an­ The BUSSter A64 Digital Input monitors; eliminates the need for nounces a new 64 digital line input Module is easily programmed through special AC power lines or tall ladders module which is a self contained IEEE BASIC commands from the controlling to turn video monitors on/off in unusual 488 (GPIB) bus compatible device. It computer The built-in timer and buf­ locations. is the first product in the BUSSter fer allows data sampling and collection Model VSP-I-$99 , mounts inside series of I/O modules. to occur, while the host computer is the monitor; Model VSP-IA-$149, The BUSSter A64 Digital Input occupied with other tasks. used external to the monitor The Module accepts commands from any The BUSSter A64 Digital Input monitor power cord plugs into the host computer through its IEEE port, Module sells for $495.00 in standard VSP-IA , and the VSP-IA plugs into a reads and stores data from up to 64 version, including case and power source of AC power. digital TTL level lines and then sends supply, and is available from stock. Telemax, INC. 780 Lorraine Drive, this information back to the computer. Bo x 339, Warrington, PA 18976, (215) A BUSSter module economically in­ Connecticut microComputer, 36 Del

343-3000.0 G"cie 0 76 creases a computer's interfacing Mar Dri ve , Brookfield, CT 06804. 203 capability while reducing its workload. 775-4595. 0 Circle No 78

ill~ A64

TIMER FtC BUFFER

Modem Interface-Cost­ saving convenience The MODEM INTERFACE offers VIC-20 and C64 users the cost-saving convenience of connecting virtually any modem to their computer. The Modem Interface is compatible with the Microconnection, Smartmodem, IEEE·488 64 DIGITAL CHANNEL DATA ACaUISITION MODULE CAT, etc. A 3-foot cable with a stan­ INPUT dard DB25 connector is supplied at no • 64 Digital Inputs • Buffered • Built in timer • 2048 Byte Buffer Optional extra charge. The Modem Interface allows use of your modem's autodial/ autoanswer features Included with the inter-network mail, terminal linking, file Modem Interface is a free autodial ter­ CeeNet protection, and database support minal program. The cost is only $2195 Introduction-The CeeNet is a postpaid from Bytesize Micro coordinated software and hardware Features and Implementation­ Technology, PO Box 21123, Dept package which allows up to 64 Com­ The CeeNet has been designed to be GC, Seattle, WA 98111, 206 modore VIC's and CBM 64's to be in­ fully extensible. That is, the system can 236-BYTE. Include $175 extra for terconnected. Devices, such as disk be easily upgraded at any lime. This shipping outside the US, Canada, or drives, printers, and modems can be allows users to 'start simple' and let the Mexico. VISA, Mastercard, and COD shared by all microcomputers con­ system 'g row' as their needs require. customers can call (1-800) 227-3000 nected to the network In addition, The sections below describe range of toll free or (1800) 792-0990 in CA ask library of application programs provide systems, starting from a simple

for operator 225 C"rl~·'0 77 powerful network functions such as system. Each network consists of a Commander Ju ne 1983/93 number of workstations (Computers gram provides file transfer operations, Contact: 1901 Avenue of the Stars, for use by students and teachers) and inter-network mail, and the capability Los A ngeles, CA 90067, (213) Shared Oevices (Computers which to connect to large time-shared com­ 557 -133 1.0 Corcle No 80 provide shared resources such as a puters such as the SOURCE. Avail­ disk drive or printer. Each shared ability-Summer 1983. DesignWare Makes resource requires one computer). The Skyles Electric Works, 231 E South Learning Words Fun total number of computers can not ex­ Whisman Road , Mountain View, CA with Spellicopter Game ceed 64 . 94041, (415) 965-1735.0 Corel ·O 79 The beginning system consists of Spellicopter , an action-packed either VIC's or CBM 64 's. A shared Word Puzzles Challenge computer-based spelling game for disk drive provides users with a cen­ personal computers has been an­ trollibrary of programs. In addition , an Fans of All Ages nounced by DesignWare, Inc., a lead­ application program, ADVISE , allows Crypto-Cube, a new educational ing developer of educational software teachers to 'link' their computer to the computer game wh ich provides word for personal computers. student's computer. This allows the puzzle enthusiasts with exciting , imagi­ In Spellicopter, the pi lot must ac­ teacher to take control over the stu­ native chal lenges is now available complish a dangerous rescue mission dent's computer. Users may also send from DesignWare for Apple, Atari and The task requires keen memory, ver­ messages to other users via the MES­ IBM microcomputers. bal , spelling and navigation skills. The SAGE command. This configuration Designed for one or two players, goal: To rescue letters " stranded" on requires each microcomputer to have Crypto-Cube features a cube which a distant field , organize them into a a network interface card ; there is no rotates, each side exposing a grid correctly spelled word and bring the other addition to each microcomputer similar to that found in a crossword cargo back to the helicopter's landing The network software is loaded into puzzle. Players take turns uncovering pad. each computer at the start of each letters to fill in the missing words. DesignWare's new game involves day. This system is ideal for applica­ Crypto-Cube encourages kids to ex­ the player in a series of actions that in­ tions which require little programming pand their vocabulary as well as prac­ terrelate. Prior to takeoH, the " pilot" is but require that many computers have tice their spelling . They can also use shown a list of 20 words. One by one access to a common set of programs the computer to create their own puz­ the pilot will try to rescue these words (i.e. Computer aided instruction). zles on the computer. from the field of letters. Availability-December 1982. Prior to the start of each game, As the flyer readies his helicopter, he The advanced beginning system in­ players pick one of the 50 possible is shown a sentence with the target cludes the VIC-TREE programmi ng puzzles included on the Crypto Disk, word om itted . With all systems " Go", cartridge. This cartridge includes all or create their own word list for place­ the pilot must fly through crowded network software in addition to a large ment on the cube by the computer's skies and mou ntainous terrain When set of commands which ease BASIC puzzle generator. These puzzles can the flyer reaches the field, he picks up programming, editing, and de-bug­ be saved on their own disk. the letters by focusing a laser beam on ging. In addition, users may add a " This game is a word puzzle fan's them . Correctly spelled words are car­ shared printer. dream," said James Schuyler, presi­ ried back to the landing pad in the The intermediate system requires a dent of DesignWare, Inc. " It's lively, cargo bay of the helicopter. CBM 64 to operate the shared disk with a lot of animation and sound The pilot must pass other aircraft drive. This system provides a sophisti­ features. It stimulates ch ildren's in­ and obstacles which threaten his flight cated shared disk which supports pro­ terest in words, helps them with spell­ path . If he does not maneuver quickly tected individual user accounts, group ing and gives them keyboard famil iar­ to avoid these obstacles, his helicopter accounts for file sharing, database ity. For adults, it's a real mind-bender, will run ou t of fuel and crash . support, faster access to disk files, and on a par with the best board games " The idea behind Spellicopter is to a mail facility . This system is intended available tOday." provide a chance for both children and for high schools which intend to teach Aimed at children eight years and adults to exercise their own personal programming, word processing , and over, Crypto-Cube will be available in 'spelling demons' in a motivating envi­ accounting. Availability-Spring 1983. quality computer and software stores ronment in which we have combined The advanced system provides a nationwide in early May. Retailing for hand-eye coordination with a peda­ gateway. A gateway is a method by $39.95, the new software package gogically sound educational proce­ which many CeeNet's can be intercon­ runs on the Apple II Plus and 113, IBM dure," explains Jim Schuyler, presi ­ nected via the telephone lines. The PC, Atari 400, 800 and 1200 XL with dent of DesignWare. gateway requ ires one CBM 64 com­ 48K memory and disk drive. Available on the Apple II + and lie, puter and a modem . Up to 255 Based in San Francisco, CA, Atari 400, 800 and 1200 XL, and IBM CeeNet's can be interconnected. This DesignWare, Inc., develops and dis­ PC with 48K memory and disk drive. allows users to transfer files between tributes a full line of educational soft­ Spellicopter retails for $39.95. The new networks. A supplied application pro- ware. game will be available in early May. 94/ Commander June 1983 Contact: DesignWare, 1901 Avenue of the Stars, Los Angeles, CA 90067, (213) 557-1331 .0 Circle No. 81 ADATA-IWHORTHECQW.(()JlE A Friendly Companion 64COYrulER~TESW1TH'1HE For You and Your VIC-20! MAllER"mAM 00 D5K IN"I1t-M. Hello! My name is PAL and I am ~ $3P here to help you, the VIC-20 program­ mer, with a wide assortment of quick and easy aids for programming the VIC-20. P-A-L stands for Program­ A IlJSKSSUST,AN) L4m AO­ mer's Aids and Logs and I hope to (JAMFOR THE Cr:JIN(JJJl 64 become a real 'pal' to you as weil' CCNPJIERSLmJED 00DISK INAN Whether you are just beginning to ATTPACTM3~~ Btm $3P learn programming on the VIC-20, or are a real expert, I'm sure you will find me a great help. My aids and logs are patterned after those that professional programmers use. But of course, they YOJ'IC~CtR OF TIf Llll­ are designed just for you ; the VIC-20 NATEWAAIMGit£A~9..B­ programmer! M'lt{ IB ~CAmE tts ao PAL is not a how-to-program guide, nor is it a technical manual. PAL's aids • 7~W19-lIHfJvt and logs are merely a collection of .. MT.WJSm, l fi1!JJ useful VIC-20 information and NrllAl1 311/394-5165 worksheets in a very easy to use form. And, PAL contains the most com­ plete collection of VIC-20 aids and logs Circle No. 64 to be found; ranging from simplified BASIC definitions to screen graphic design worksheets. Anyone wishing to CONNECT ANY MODEM TO write better programs, more quickly, without the frustration of hard to use YOUR VIC--20 OR C-64 reference materials will find using PAL The MODEM INTERFACE allows you virtually invaluable. to connect any standard acoustical or PAL is designed to help you locate that particular piece of programming information you need very quickly. PAL 's aids place commonly used in­ formation in a quick and easy to use form. No more page flipping thru the manuals! The logs help you organize di rect connect modem to all your other VIC-20 information, so your VIC·20 or C·64 . Works with the Microconnection, DC Hayes or CAT. Compatible that you may easily locate it as with autodial/autoanswer modems. No soldering, just needed. plug it in. Comes with a BASIC autodial terminal PAL helps you write better pro­ program. $2l.95 Postpaid. Add $l. 75 extra for shipping grams. You'll be more organized, outside the U.S., Canada, or Mexico. VISA or MASTER· have quicker access to VIC informa­ CARD welcome. tion, and your programs will be better FOR CHARGE OR C.O.D. ORDERS designed and documented. PAL can 1.800·227·3800 TOLL FREE help you to form a mental image of 1·800·792·0990 IN CALIFORNIA what you would like your program to ASK FOR OPERATOR 225 do, and how it should appear. This is For check order, additional information or service, call or write: most important for writing good pro­ BYTE SIZE MICRO TECHNOLOGY grams. A program that is not well PO BOX 21123 - DEPT. A - SEATTLE, WA 98111 thought out will never be as good as (206) 236·BYTE one that is! DEALER INQUIRIES WANTED Circle NO. 4 Commander June 1983/95 One look through PAL'S pages and ever to do BASIC programming, de­ number of editing/composing func­ you 'll quickly see how they will benefit bugging and to access your disk. And tions, the preparation of written data you and your programs. PAL is con­ the new VicTree provides routines to is far faster and outstandingly more ac­ veniently printed on a tear-out pad, is interface the VIC to the powerful curate than if it were prepared by color-coded for easy reference, and CeeNet local network. 8kb of ROM- hand. has been punched for a standard 4kb for the BASIC' commands, 4kb for For use with Commodore CBM 64, 3-ring binder. disk commands and interfacing to 1515, 1525, Epson, C. Itoh, Qume, Programming the VIC-20 is a very CeeNet-plus 4kb of RAM for miscel­ Diablo, NEC Spinwriter, Starwriter, enjoyable past-time, and very educa­ laneous storage. Perfect not only for Prowriter, Okidata, Microline, tional as well! PAL is here to help you the new VIC but also for the Commo­ Gerriini-10, and many more printers. write better programs, keep organiz­ dore 64. Unbelievably simple to use BUSIWRITER 64-only $99 for the ed, and above all, have fun! and to install, the VicTree gives you all CBM 64. Now available from your Look what PAL contains ... the additional BASIC 4.0 commands local dealer. Call (800) 227-9998 for Border and screen full-color com­ to allow most BASIC 4.0 programs to the name of your nearest dealer. (CA, bination rainbow; EZ-Key quick guide work on your new VIC or CBM 64. Canada, AK and HI, please call (415) to all keys and characters. Includes: Now only $89.95-or $109.95 com­ 965-1735.) Skyles Electric Works, pokes, reverses, CHR$, set 1 - set 2: plete with Centronics standard printer 231 G South Whisman Road , Mountain EZ Note sound music chart and cable. (Cable alone $29.95) Available View, CA 94041. D Circle No. 84 worksheets; BASIC-L Y EZ condensed now from your local dealer or order basic dictionary; Create-A-Character through your Visa or MasterCard toll programmable characters worksheets; free: (800) 227-9998 (CA, Canada, Arrow EZ Screen tearout screen layout and AK, HI, please call (415) 965-1735) or Six times faster cassette opera­ design forms; EZ Graph graphics pro­ send check or money order directly to: tion. That's rightl An inexpensive gramming aid; Doc-U-Ment program Skyles Electric Works, 231 E South documentation worksheets; EZ Flow Whisman Road , Mountain View, CA plug in module for the Commodore program flow charting worksheets; 94041 . (415) 965-1735. D Circle No 83 VIC-20 or CBM-64 that allows 6 to 7 General Purpose programming times faster LOAD, SAVE and VERIFY of BASIC and machine language pro­ worksheets; Software Listing Log grams. In addition, we have shorten­ Sheets; Tricks and Hints Log Sheets; BUSIWRITER Tape Cassette Log Book. Now Available ed the "leader" preceding the pro­ gram to 4 seconds as a further speed And Even More ... Why word processors? Word pro­ up of cassette operations. Basic-Aid" Quick Reference Card to cessors allow the user to quickly and And that's not all. It was such fun and basic keywords important easily create letters, memos, notes, speeding up the LOAD, SAVE, and memory locations; Function-Aid" reports, term papers, manuals, poetry VERIFY commands that we added a Templates for programmable f1-f8 and any other written information us­ new command ... APPEND to enable keys. ("These two mount right on your ing the memory of the computer as a you to add one BASIC program to VIC-20!) pencil and paper. The computer dis­ another. We also added a command 95 pages of aids, worksheets and play or terminal acts as a window to move the tape at "Fast Forward" logs. Something for every VIC-20 pro­ through which the user views the infor­ speeds to one of nine specified 16,000 grammer! mation as it is entered. The outstand­ byte areas on the tape. We also add­ Data Equip. Supply Corp. Data ing advantage of using BUSIWRITER ed error detection to increase the Tape, 8315 East Firestone Blvd., is that it acts not only as a pencil and reliability of cassette operations. Downey, CA 90241, (213) 923-9361.0 paper but as a perfect eraser and Easy to use. ARROW-adds 4 com­ Circle No. 82 automatic typewriter. mands; S, L, V, and A that are used The Queen Bee of to SAVE, LOAD, VERIFY and Skyles Electric Works YVordProcessors APPEND at a high speed (3600 BUSIWRITER allows the user to baud). Presents The VicTree® quickly and easily make any number ARROW-leaves the usual The VicTree leaves your new VIC (or of alterations to the text. BUSIWRITER messages that appear on the screen. CBM 64) with 42 additional com­ will instantly reformat your text and ARROW-adds a message telling mands, branches out to most BASIC show you exactly and continuously you the length of the program that has 4.0 programs and roots into most how the final output will appear. BUSI­ been loaded (or saved). printers. WRITER has more functions than any ARROW-keeps all of the usual The VicTree is a coordinated hard­ other known microcomputer word pro­ short hand features of program ware and software package that allows cessor. With BUSIWRITER assisting in naming. your VIC to branch out in unbelievable the entry of text, providing a 20 page ARROW-starts automatically when directions and makes it easier than memory and performing an enormous you turn on your VIC-20 or CBM-64. 96/Commander June 1983 Programming Aids ARROW-Adds the following pro­ gramming aids: AUTOLINE number­ ing , RENUMBERING of lines, DELETE a line or group of lines, SEARCH with optional replace, MOVE a block of memory, COMPARE two blocks of memory, HEXADECIMAL/DECIMAL calculator converter, XIT two machine language monitor with ; Display, Go, FIVE POWERFUL SOFTWARE Register, Save, Load and Exit com­ DEVELOPMENT TOOLS mands. PIllS 'CiteExciting .New Bool< Prices Available AR20 (VIC-20), AR64 (CBM-64)­ INSIDE THE VIC $49.95 ; ARAS20 (VIC-20), ARAS64 THE BOOK THE TOOLS (CBM 64)-$89 .95. Call your local A complete clear explanation of machine Assembler/Edltor/loader/Oecoder/Mon;tor language, Assembly language. VIC 20 archl· Full·featured Assembler aliows use 01 labels, dealer or contact Skyles Electric tecture, graphics, loystlck and sound ellect comments and arithmetic expressions to create programming. Detailed step·by·step guide to the machine language programs . Create, save, Works, 231 E South Whisman Road, use of the development tools. How to combine modify Assembly language programs with the Mountain View, CA 94041 (415) BASIC and machine language, make auto-start Editor. load and link machine language modules cartridges, Interface with the Internal ROM · with the loader. Decode machine language back 965-1735.0 Circle No. 85 based programs of BASIC and the Kernal. Into assembly language for study or Input to the Sample programs fully explained. Editor. Single·step program execution with the Monitor. Extended feature. combine. Assemblerl Editor for maximum ease of use,

ALL FOR $49.95 PLUS S2-00 POSTAGE AND HANDLING Stlndard Yerslon runs on Computer Cases Iny ay5tem with Dillsette (5K Ind up) Add, S5,00 for disk Yerslon, $5.00 for extended features All COMP-CASES by COMPUTER (minimum SK) Send' check, M.O ., VISA/MC ($2.00 S.C.) or specify C.O.D. (edd $3 .00) to: CASE COMPANY are constructed of P.O. Box 207. Cannon Falls, MN 55009 the highest quality ,luggage material ~@ff71@iA1 with hard sides, padded handles, 507-263-4821 VIC-20 Is a registered TM ot brass hardware and key locks. Rub­ ~mD~~ Commodore Business Machines Ine-Clrcle No 17 ber pads provide furniture protection, and steel lugs on the bottom. protect the case when transporting. The out­ PSYC(J1SOFlWIRE INTEIf¥ITlttW. side is covered in the highest quality BUILOS ADULT SOFTWlRE FORTHE Personality scuff resistant textured vinyl in rich CIJt1000RE64, TEXASINSTRlKNTS

brown. The tops are easily removed so '~D OTHERPERS(HIL CIJ1PUTERS; that the equipment can be operated INDIVIDUAlORDERS ARE ACCEPTED Analyzer without removal from the case. Provi­ BYTELEPH(M USING YOUR VISA sions are made for cords to exit the M tv4STER.CARl> m SHIPPEDcoo. case even when the top is on and lock­ CALL(513)-474-2188 ed, to provide convenient security YOU~Y ALSOORDER USING n£

without the need to disconnect elec­ aNJENIENTFOItI INCLUDED BEL~. trical cords and cables. Storage space distributor inquiries invited is provided for manuals, cords, work­ 111111111111111111111111111111111 ing papers, and supplies within each I I Analyze yourself, your spouse, your date, case. Iname------I relatiyes, co-workers and friends. COMP-CASES are available for a I I Find out who you will. get along with, who will work well with you, who will wide variety of computer equipment Istreet------l be fun to be with. and peripherals. Additional cases are I I Measure compatibility, career potential, behavior tendencies, yalues, etc. being developed as the need arises. Icity------I Special requests will be appreciated. I I :··5: :5··:PSYCOM You can be confident that a COMP­ Istate ------zip------I • ••• •••• 5_-: :- _5SOFTWARE CASE will meet your every require­ I I ••• • •• ment for quality, protection, security, Ichg.card exp date------I 555::::555 INTERNATIONAL and portablity in an attractive case you I I 2118 Forest Lake Drive can be proud of-and we guarantee it. Icardl------I CinCinnati, Ohio 45244 USA Computer Case Company, 5650 In­ Iplease rush De [ ] copies of I $24.95 dian Mound Court, Columbus, OH Ithe PERSONALITYANAlYZER today I 2.50 disk (additional) xx~~xxxxxxxxxxx¥¥¥x¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥ 43213, (614) 868-9464.0 C ircle No. 86 Corele No 35 Commander June 1983/97 the

,

WORDPROCESSOR FOR THE COMMODORE 64™ ALSO CHECKS YOUR SPELLING!

Suggested Retail: $139.95

"REALLY FOXY IS BEING LETTER PERFECT"

Contact Your Nearest Commodore Dealer Today ... You'li Be So Glad You Did!

Distributed By: 1);----...... 8 300 W. Marlton Pike COMPUTER Cherry Hill. New Jersey 08002 MARKETING SERVICES~ INC. [609J 795-9480

Commodore 64 is a trademark of Commodore Electronics Limited Script 64 15 a trademark of Richvale Telecommunications

Circle No 11 ..

Commander Dealers Given here, in zip code order, is a partial list of the Charter Dealers who will be carrying the COMMANDER. We will provide updates for this list in following issues as a service to provide our readers with a local source at which they will find information, hardware, or software for their Commodore Computers

U.S.A. Connecticut New York Ray's Software Puerto Rico Multi· Business Computers Inc. Computer Center 412 Easl Jenesee Street The Micro Computer Store 28 Marlborough Street 31 East 31st Fayeneville, NY 13066 t 408 Avenue Jesus T. Pinero Portland. CT 06480 New York. NY 10016 Manager·Owner: Bob Howe (203) 342·2747 (212) 889·81'30 Rio Piedras. PR 00921 Durmac Cash Registers Manager·Owner: Bob Stasko Manager·Owner: Elhot RabinOWitz (809) 781 ·0350 1628 Erie Blvd East Manager·Owner: Julio C. Martinez Leigh'S Computer Syracuse. NY 13210 Massachusetts New Jersey 212 East 85th Street (315) 472-4531 Micro Computer Services Tycom Associates New York, NY 10028 Manager·Owner Wilham McCarthy 61 Mountain Blvd. 68 Velma Avenue Manager·Owner: Leigh Goldstein Warren, NJ 07060 Upstate Com puter Shop Pittsfield, MA 01201 (201) 56 1·3111 CompTek 99 Commercial Dri ve Manager·Owner: Dave Tyburski Manager·Owner: Jerry Prevete 90 John Street Whitesboro, NY 13492 Northshore News Co. New York, NY 10038 (315) 768·8151 Computer Workshop 150 Blossom Street (212) 962·6131 Manager·Owner: Tony Violante 1200 Haddenfield Road Lynn, MA 0 1902 Marlager·Owner: Frances Banks Cherry Hill, NJ 07013 Personal Computers. Inc. (61 7) 592· t 300 (609) 665·4404 Computer Store and More 3251 Bailey Avenue Manager·Owner: Tom Mulken, Jr. Manager·Owner: Charles Kolbe 90 John SI. Buffalo, NY 14215 Computech Ltd. New York, NY 10038 (716) 832·8800 Software Land 214 Derby Street Manager/Owner FranCIS Banks Manager·Owner: Frank C Smeirciak 99 Broadway Salem. MA 01970 Computer Emporium Pennsylvania (617) 741 ·1724 Elmwood, NJ 07407 Manager/Owner La Lit Modi 37 Norlh Street One Stop Computer Shop Manager·Owner: Tim Bush Middletown, NY 10940 65 North 5th Street NUBS Computer Center Inc. Omicron Corp oration Manager·Owner: Kate Honders Lemoyne. PA 17043 6 Ames Avenue 1416 Providence Highway (717) 761 -6754 Rutherford, NJ 07070 Compu·Tech Norwood, MA 02062 Manager·Owner: Joanne Wright Manager·Owner: Robert Weigel 511 Hempstead Avenue (61 7) 769-6867 West Hempstead, NY 11552 Micro Age Computer Store Manager·Owner: Steve Gavrilles Software City Manager·Owner: Jim BreWington 1352 Tilghman Street Rhode Island 85 Godwin Avenue Allentown . PA 18102 Midland Park, NJ 07432 Software EmpOrium International Computer Services (215) 434 ·4301 Manager·Owner: Arlene Destosito 151 Minola Avenue 165 Dyerville Avenue Manager·Owner: Ed Eichenwald Rosyln Heights. NY 11577 Johnston, RI 02919 Computerability, Inc. Manager·Owner: Sheldon Ostroy Maryland (401) 273·1001 441 Route 23 Professional Micro Service Manager·Owner: Steve Lablanc Pomton Plains, NJ 07444 B.C. Communications. Inc 100 West 22nd Street New Hampshire (201) 835·0688 World Wide Electronics D,st Baltimore. MD 21218 Mana New England Periodical Service ger·Owner: Dennis Mull 207 Depol Road (301) 366·0010 HuntingtOI1 Street, NY 11746 6th South S1. Manager·Owner: James A. Breen Wayne Computer Store (516) 549·8833 Milford, NH 03055 1459 Route 23 Tn·State Computers Manager/Owner: Jim Nolen Wayne. NJ 07470 Computer Headquarters 1504 South Salisbury Blvd . 1245 Middle Country Road Compu·Craft, Inc. (201) 628·7318 Salisbury, MD 21801 Manager·Owner: Rick Delti Selden, NY 11784 17 Dunbar Street (301) 742·2020 (516) 698·9373 Keene, NH 03431 Manager·Owner: Tom Weiland Software City Manager·Owner. James and (603) 357·3901 147 North Kinderkamack Road Kathy Lyons Manager·Owner: Richard Bishop Montvale. NJ 07645 Ray's Supply Virginia Echo Consulting Services (201) 391 -0931 190 Route 9 Virginia Micro Systems Cohoes, NY 12047 PO Box 1199 Manager·Owner: C.M. Hatfield 13646 Jeff DaVIS Highway Manager·Owner: Bob Howe Conway. NH 03818 Woodbridge. VA 22191 Software City (703) 49 1·6502 (603) 447·5455 161 Cedar Ln Upstate Computer Shop Manager·Owner: Suart Mitchell Manager·Owner: George Epotien Teaneck, NJ 07666 1823 Western Avenue Maine Manager/Owner: George Barnes Albany. NY 12203 Unidyne Corp. (518) 456·30 19 Maine Micro Systems. Inc. 536 Independence Blvd. Computer Workshop Manager·Owner: Wilham J. Smith VIrginia Beach, VA 23462 55 Center Street 1200 Hadde(lfield Road (804) 855·8037 Auburn, ME 04210 Ray's Supply Cherry Hill. NJ 08034 Manager·Owner: Vicki Knick (207) 786·0696 (609) 665·4404 350 Cornila Street Manager: Nancy Lecompte Manager·Owner: Chris Kolbe Plattsburgh. NY 12901 CALPRO- The World of Computers Manager·Owner: Bob Howe 31 19 Waterlick Road Vermont Software·n·Such Lynchbur(J. VA 24502 Computeam Warren Plaza, Route 130 Ray' s Software (804) 237 ·3825 205 Dorset Street East Windsor, NJ 08520 106 East Main Street Manager·Owner: Walter Leroy Ashley South Burlington. VT 05401 (609) 443·8984 Mallone. NY 12953 (802) 862·2802 Manager·Owner: Paul Hammer Manager·Owner: Bob Howe Manager·Owner: Mark Robinson West Virginia BBlThe Computer Store Future D'strlbulion Computer ASSOCiates. Inc Market Place 216 ScotCh Road Trimex Bldg.- Roule 11 113 Hale Streel 1 Main Street Trenlon, NJ 08628 Mooers, NY 12958 Charleston WV 25301 Winoski, VT 05404 (609)883·2050 (514) 861 ·2831 (304) 344·8801 Manager·Owner: Bob Howe Manager·Owner' Barry Brown Manager·Owner: Phillippe Faure Manager·Owner· Jeff Knapp

Commander June 1983/99 Waltz Photo Bob West Computers Michigan Dealers, continued 438 Sixth Street 54 West Main Street Micro Station Inc. Canton. OH 44701 Brevard, NC 28712 24484 West 10 Mile Road (216) 455·942 1 (704)883·2595 Southlield, MI 48034 Alabama Manager·Owner: Brad Zupp Manager·Owner: Sylvia West (313) 358·5820 Manager-Owner. Jerry Goldberg Tricelin Corporation Central News Co. Route 1, Box 128 2115 George SI. Comm Data Bankston, AL 35542 Georgia Sandusky, OH 44870 Cardinal Computers 320 Summit (205) 689-4999 Manager/Owner: Jim Justice 903 North Gleenwood Milford, MI 48042 (313) 685·0113 Tennessee Wards Computers. Inc. Dalton, GA 30720 Owner: Larry Jones American Computer Co. 868 Ohio Pike (404) 226-0502 1004·elh Avenue South Cincinnati. OH 45245 NashVille, TN 37203 Integrated Systems. Inc. Roseville Computer (513) 752·2882 3300 Buckeye Road NE. Suite 178 Manager·Owne Jane Maggard 25929 Gratiot Manager·Owner: Carl Ward Atlanta, GA 3034 1 Roseville, MI 48066 (404) 458·0713 Metro Computer Ctr. Computer Plus of Ohio (313) 772·0760 416 West Main Street 123 East Main Cross Street Manager·Owner. Tom Potier Chattanooga. TN 37402 Findlay. OH 45840 Florida Allen Par k Computer Center (615) 1375·6676 Manager·Owner: Mike Del\elbach Manager·Owner: Wayne F Wilson COMPUTECH 7000 Roosevelt. Suite 109 1415 Timberlane Road Allen Park, MI 48101 Mississippi Indiana Tallahassee, FL 32312 (313) 383·8254 (904) 893·1743 Manager·Owner: Sam Noble Sunrise Persons Supplies Allan 's Jewelry & Loan Co. 901 South John S\feet Manager·Owner. Dan Eva ns 130 East 10th Street COrinth. MS 38834 West Side Radio Anderson. IN 46016 (601) 287-4721 Random Access Computers 7521 Wyoming (317) 642·7978 Manager-Owner: Felex Gathings 296 Eglin Parkway Dearborn, MI 48125 Manager. Jerry Rubenstein Fort Walton Beach, FL 32548 (904) 862·7763 Kentucky McCarels Computers Ye Old Computer Shoppe Manager·Owner· Joanne Dodd All Business Computers '1204 Meridian Plaza 518 W. Cross SI. Suite C·23 17 Versailles Road Ypsilanti, MI 48197 Anderson. IN 46016 Florida Book Store Lexington, KY 40504 Manager/Owner: Dr Donald Buckeye (317) 643·2662 1614 West University Avenue (606) 253-2545 Gainesville, FL 32604 Haney's Computer Center Manager·Owner: Bud Walden AVC Corporation (904) 376·6066 2702 Applegate 15270 Gratiot Stonehenge Computer, Inc Detroit, MI 48205 I ndlanapolis. IN 46203 Skippers Inc. 2026·29th Street (313) 839·1850 Manager·Owner: Brent Enderle 217 SE 1st Avenue Ashland. KY 41101 Manager-Owner: Paul M. Paul Ocala. FL 32671 (606) 359·0545 Impair (904) 732·3221 342 Bosart Computer Mart Manager·Owner: David Lee Skipper Ohio Indianapolis. IN 46201 915 South Dart Highway Office Mart, Inc. Flint, MI 48503 (317) 353·9947 1151 East Main Street Osceola Computer (313) 234·0161 Manager·Owner: Fred Imhausen 1300 Dakota Avenue Lancaster. OH 43130 Manager·Owner: Pat McColiem Street Cloud, FL 32769 (614) 687·1707 A Computer Store (305) 892·1501 The Computer Source Manager·Owner: Pat Blake 2140 North Mithoelor Road Manager·Owner: Ra'1mond Barrieau 3205 S Cedar SI. Indianapolis, IN 46229 Computers Plus of Ohio Lansing, MI 48910 (31 7) 898·0331 . 1346 West 4th Street Sigma Systems of Orlando Manager/Owner: Edson Borges Manager·Owner: Skip Robbln'S Manslield. OH 43351 590 North Semoran Blvd. Orlando, FL 32807 The Computer Connection Manager·Owner· Tom Young Computer Plus (305) 273·2434 444 West Maumer Street 1501 Joliet Street Computers Plus of Ohio Manager·Owner: Tom Clance Adrian, MI 49221 Dyer, IN 46311 127 West W,andot Avenue (517) 265·7872 . Manager·Owner: Nancy L Gray and Upper Sandusky. OH 43351 Computer SpeCialties, Inc. Manager·Owner: Ron Gamllng Ronald Piercy Manager·Owner· Roger Schoenberger 701 East Lincoln Avenue PO Box 1118 Newman AN Communications, Inc Computer People U·Compute Melbourne. FL 3290 1 400·32nd Street SE 900 Highway 212 Parker Steele Bldg. (305) 725·6574 Grand Rapids. MI 49508 Michigan City, IN 46360 429 Monroe Manager·Owner: Otis P. Lutz (6 16) 243·3300 (219) 879·8557 . Toledo, OH 43606 Manager: Nancy Isler Manager·Owner. Harry Hopkins Manager·Owner· Paul Doldner Software Centrum 2305 Ponce De Leon Blvd Computers and More General Micro Computers The Computer Store 01 Toledo. Inc Coral Gables, FL 33134 2915 Breton SE 18 Hillwyck Drive 52303 Emmons Road Manager/Owner: Chris Perez Grand Rapids. MI 49508 . South Bend. IN 46637 Toledo, OH 43615 (616) 243·3520 Manager·Owner: John Levy (419) 535·1541 Micro Byte. Inc Manager·Owner: Bill Slaughter 13710 SW 56 Street Manager·Owner: AI and Jackie Miller Computer Corner Miami, FL 33175 Computer Tutor 6722 East State Blvd. Computer Connection (305) 385·2108 502 East Front Fort Wayne. IN 46815 2851 Broadway Manager·Owner: Ed Silverman and Traverse City. MI 49684 (219) 749·8338 Lorain. OH 44055 Lyman Conover (616) 941 ·5320 Manager·Owner: Tom Kutina Manager·Owner: Terry Rieger Manager·Owner: Caroline Garrick Focus Scientilic re Mentor TV Inc Custom Sohwa 224 North Federal Highway 3197 South 3rd Place 7516 Mentor Avenue FOri Lauderdale, FL 33301 Terre Haute. IN 47802 Mentor, OH 44060 (305) 462·1010 (812) 234·3242 Manager-Owner. William Tomkins Manager·Owner: M. Reinhardt Iowa Manager·Owner: Vicki McEntaffer Micro Computer Applications Computer Site The Soltware Connection 111 East Church Street 14763 Pearl Road 5460 North State Road 7. Suite 108 Marshalltown. IA 50158 StrongSVille. OH 44136 North Carolina Fort Lauderdale. FL 33319 (515) 752-8845 Manager·Owner: Bill Sero The Program Center Manager-Owner: Harold Montover 3400A West Wendover Avenue Business Machines Computer Corner Inc. Greensboro, NC 27407 2821 Pinewood Avenue Gronert Computers, Ltd. 5104 Mayfield Road (919) 855·8667 West Palm Beach , FL 33407 4505 Forest Avenue Lyndhurst, OH 44124 Manager·Owner: Rupert Fenequito (305) 655-4730 Des Moines, IA 50311 (216) 423·5010 Manager·Owner: Robert Frazier, Jr. (515) 255·0618 Manager·Owner: Ross Black Piedmont Microsystems Inc. Manager·Owner: Frank Gronert Route 3, Box 150 H The Software and Computer Store Computer Showcase Frazier ProfeSSional Bldg. 1506 Gull·to·Bay Citizens Mutual Telephone 5855 Youngston-Warren Road SE Newton, NC 28658 Clearwater. FL 33515 114 W. Jefferson Niles, OH 444A6 (704) 465·3600 (8 13) 442·8803 Bloomfield, IA 52537 (216) 652·257 1 Manager·Owner: Lorne Michael Manager·Owner: Charles Kautz Manager/Owner:WT Wallace

1 OO/Commander June 1983 4

...... iBlB~ .... g.. .sIB~~ .. SHR.. IBSH~~~M~~H.g.... ga.. RH1i~S6mB.5S~~"",,&gFWSF~~.... .s&g.gggH~g.5.g .... gH5HSgH5d.HgIiM~~I· Cosmos Computers Cambridge BUSiness Syslems Kansas Texas 1721 Grant Street 3345 N. Halsted Kansas Micro Computer Casual Computers Be\1endorf. tA 52722 Chicago. IL 60657 t60 1 W. 23rd 15340 Dallas Parkway Suite 2108 (319) 355·2641 Manager/Owner: Jell Angsten Lawrence . KS 66044 Dallas. TX 74248 Manager·Owner: Paul Rung & Ralph Samek Manager/Owner: John Ellena Taylor Computer Systems Micro Computers Plus Palmer News. Inc 949 Melbourne Road 349 E. Main SI. 1050 Republican SI. Hurst. TX 76503 Wisconsin Galesburg. IL 61401 Topeka . KS 66601 (817) 284·5251 Starting Computers Manager/Owner' Mike Henner Manager/Owner. Manager·Owner. Mike Taylor 4020 North 128th Brookfield. WI 53005 Kappel's Computer Store Computer Business Machines Computer Home 125 East Main Offi center 357 South Lulu 431 East Avenue C 3S Computer Center. Inc. BelleVille. IL 62220 Wichita. KS 67211 San Angelo. TX 76903 103 E. Silver Spring Dr. (618) 277-2354 (3 16) 267·1150 (915) 653· 7488 Milwaukee, WI 53217 Manager·Owner: Tom Kappel Manager·Owner. Mrs. R. Santoscoy Manager·Owner: Brent DeMovilie Manager/Owner: Alex Levitsky Data Plus. Inc. Compusense Texas Technical Services Majic Business Systems 1706 Broadway 1001 South Washington 3115 West Loop South. 1126 3519 West Wanda Avenue QUincy. IL 62301 Wichita. KS 67211 Houston. TX 77027 Milwaukee. WI 53221 (217) 222·65602 Manager·Owner· J. Kendnck (713) 965·9977 (414) 282·8072 Manager·Owner. James Moore Manager·Owner Phil Ray Manager·Owner: Dennis WOltekaius Nebraska Com puter Tutor Hobby Town IT.S Computerland of Madison 1410 S MaCarthur 220 North 66th Street 420 Plantation Drive 6625 adana Road Spnngfield. IL 62704 Lincoln. NE 68505 Lake Jackson. TX 77566 Madison. Wt 53719 Manager/Owner: Bill McDannell (713) 297·9016 (608) 833·8900 Central Office Equipment Manager·Owner: I.K Kelly . Jr Manager·Owner: James Sullivan Missouri 2020 Central Avenue M,cro Age Computer Kearney. NE 68847 The Computer Expenence 11413 Olive Blvd. (308) 234·2515 125 Southbridge Minnesota SI. louis. MO 63141 Manager·Owner. Byron Hansen San AntoniO. TX 78217 P.M. Business Services (314) 567·7644 (512) 340·2901 Manager·Owner: Norm Fishel Manager·Owner: Carolyn Roberts 4400 Arden View Courl Louisiana Arden Hills. M N 55112 Common Weallh Computers The Computer Center Va lley Computer Systems. Inc. 521'4 Blue Ridge Blvd. t 11 C Rena Drive 1101 North Cage. Suite Al Kansas City. MO 64133 Lalayette. LA 70503 Pharr. TX 78577 South Dakota (816) 356·6502 (318) 988·2478 Computerland Rapid City Manager·Owner: Dick York Manager·Owner: Robert Jones Software·N· Things ;:38 Street John Street 2141 West Anderson Lane Rapid City. SO 57701 Sigma Plus Computers Computer SO.5 . Austin. TX 78757 (605) 348·5384 1804 Vandiver Drive 4436 Youree Drive (512) 451·4347 Manager·Owner: John Mattson Columbia. MO 65205 Shreveport. LA 71105 Manager·Owner: John Krieg

Illinois The Software Store. tnc. 1767 Glenview Road Glenview, IL 60025 (312)724·7730 Manager·Owner: David Pokvitis and - Blast your way through the dodge'm, blast'm, Jeff Rayer and attack modes. If you destroy the bciuncing balls before they destroy you, the walls close in for the next round. WALLBANGER is written in Digital World machine language, has great sound, and encourages complex strategies. 711 Army Trail Road CAS8/l1KIVIC 20 Addison. IL 60101 ALL 40/80 COLUMN PETS Q caMS ...... (Includes Shipping/Handling) (312) 628·9222 119.95 [CALIF. RES. ADD 6% SALES TAX) Manager·Owner: Sam Gunda CHICKEN CHASE - Help your hapless hen avoid hungry The Computer Store chicken hawks, sneaky coyotes, and fiendish zompys. If your chicken gets 11004 S. Cicero Ave. into trouble, "hyper-hen" to a new spot on the maze. If your chicken Oak Lawn, IL 60453 travels the entire maze, you advance to the next [evel where the action is Manager/Owner: Gerald Henery faster and the predators more numerous. Hi-res graphics, great sounds, B·A Computer Systems and machine language help make CHICKEN CHASE a hilarious fun-filled 2 North Batavia Avenue game for the whole family. Batavia. IL 60510 C-84/CASS/5KNIC 20 . . (Includes Shipping/Handling) 119.95 (312) 879·2350 (CALIF. RES. ADD 6% SALES TAX) Manager·Owner: Robert Appel ROADTOAD - Hop your toad across 5 lanes of traffic, avoid Softwareland. Inc. deadly snakes, and dodge the dreaded toad-eaters. Cross a raging river 420 West 75th Street full of logs, turtles, ailigators, and park your toad in the safety of a harbor. Downers Grove. IL 60516 Each time you park 5 toads,you enter a tougher level where the action is (312) 852·6340 faster and the toad-eaters are more numerous. ROADTOAD is written in Manager·Owner: Maureen Quinn machine language and uses high resolution graphics. The sound effects are Software Empoflum Limited excellent and you can use a joystick or the keyboard to control your toad. 175 North Franklin SI. C-84/CAS8/5KNIC 20. (Includes Shipping/Handling) 119.95 Chicago. IL 60606 . (CALIF. RES. ADD 6% SALES TAX) Manager/Owner: Reggie Miller & Rozel Industries. Inc Write For NIBBLES BITS. INC. Write For 7360 North Lincoln Avenue FREE P.O. BOX 2Q44 FREE Lincolnwood. IL 60646 Catalog ORCUn. CA 93455 Catalog (312) 675·8960 Manager·Owner. Fred Whitlock and Becky Kowalsky WARNING! These games cause high panic levels! Fisher Scientific 4901 West Lemoyne Avenue Chicago. IL 60651 (312) 378 7770 Manager·Owner: A.C Heidrich

Circle No. 30 Commander June 1983/1 01 The Hi·Fi Shop Harry's Business Machines. Inc. HW Electronics Dealers, continued 2236 Washington Blvd . 323 West Street 19511 Business Center Drive Ogden. UT 84401 Reno. NV 89501 North Ridge. CA 91324 (801) 621 ·5244 (702) 322·4559 (213) 886·9200 Professional Computer Associates Manager·Owner: Brenl Richardson Manager·Owner: Gordon Foote Manager·Owner. Ronda 5326 Cameron Austin. TX 78723 Central Utah Electronics Supply Levity Distributers (512) 459·1220 735 South Stale 6857'12 Ben Avenue Manager·Owner Steve Derosa Provo. UT 84601 California North Hollywood. CA 91605 (801) 373· 7522 Opamp Tech Books (213) 982·2514 Computerland of Amarillo Manager·Owner: George S Moore 1033 North Sycamore Manager·Owner: Melinda Plesha 2300 Bell Slreet Los Angeles. CA 90038 Amarillo. TX 79106 (213) 464·4322 Data Systems West (806) 353· 7482 Arizona Manager·Owner: Alicion 421 West Las Tunas Drive Manager·Owner: Mark Trowbridge Computer Super Store San Gabriel. CA 91776 4001 East Thomas Road Data EqUipment Supply Corp (213) 289·3791 Phoenix. AZ 85108 8315 Firestone Blvd. Owner: Frank J. Mogavero Colorado Manager·Owner: Richard Sarhan Downey. CA 90241 Whole life Distributors (213) 923·9361 Consumer Computers 965 Washington Street #6 Personal Computer Place Manager: Robert Johnson 8314 Parkway Drive Denver. CO 80203 1840 West Southern Avenue La Mesa. CA 92041 (303) 861·2825 Mesa. AZ 85202 Computer Place (714) 465·8888

Manager·Ow~er:Tom Tarbart (602) 833·8949 23914 Crenshaw Blvd. Manager: Steve Scott Manager·Owner: Roger Smilh Torrance. CA 90505 Zero Page. Inc. (213) 325·4754 Calco D'gital Equpiment Inc. 2380 Naegele Road Computer Depol Manager·Owner: Wen T. Huang 1919 Aple Street Colorado Springs. CO 80904 1201 Iron Springs Road Oceanside. CA 92054 (303) 633·0211 Prescott. AZ 86301 Fyrst Byte (714) 433·4119 Manager·Owner: David C. Cooper (602) 778·7473 10053 Whittwood Drive Vice President: Ronald N. Paperno Manager·Owner. Brice Eldridge Whittier. CA 90603 Idaho (213) 947·9411 20·64 Sot\ware Center Electronic Specialties. Inc. New Mexico Manager·Owner: Darrell Miller 9829 Mira·Mesa Blvd. 8411 Fairview Avenue San Diego. CA 92131 Computer Super Store Boise. 10 83704 Game Room (619) 695·0214 1660 Eubank NE (208) 376·5040 5675 Kanan Road Manager·Owner: Larry Skaggs Manager·Owner: Terry Romero Albuquerque. NM 87112 Agoura. CA 91301 Manager·Owner: Richa rd Saham (213) 707·0142 Computer Nook. Inc. Utah Manager·Owner: Jean Collier 965 South E St Computer Plus Nevada San Bernadino. CA 92408 1078 East Fort Union Blvd PCS Compuler General Computer Store Manager/Owner: Frank Bayless Midvale. UT 84047 3900 West Charleston. Ste R 22323 Sherman Way Unit #7 James J. Schmidt (801) 566·3902 Las Vegas. NV 89102 Canoga Park. CA 91303 Manager·Owner: Steve Whltzelor and (702) 870·4138 (213) 704 ·6600 Inland Electro Mart Allen Vincenl Manager·Owner: Mickey Cole Manager·Owner: Anita Broadway 8624 California Avenue Riverside. CA 92504 (714) 687·3776 Manager·Owner: Jack PEC 1440 South State College. Suite 6F Anaheim. CA 92806 Quality Computer Center POWERBYTE SOFTWARETM 801 South Victoria Street. #104 Presents Ventura. CA 93003 (805) 642·1979 APPLICATION SOFTWARE Manager·Owner: David Stewart Jay·Kern Electronics Business and Home 1135 Columbus for the Bakersfield. CA 93305 871·5800 - Commodore 64 Manager·Owner: Don Taylor M'cro Pacific Computer Center - Vic 20 and TRS 80 CC 5148 North Palm Fresno. CA 93704 65 Applications Available including: (209) 229·0101 Manager·Owner: Mike Reinhold THE EDITOR· Advanced Word Processor $34.95 with Powerful Editing Features (64 & 8K Vic 20) J. Snell & Co .. Inc. THE ACCOUNTANT· General Ledger, Income $29. 95 657 Mission Street Statement & Balance Sheet San Francisco. CA 94105 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE/PAYABLE· Create $21.95 J ouma! for Current Accounts & Record of Paid Accts. (415) 421·5898 Manager·Owner: James Snell BUSINESS INVENTORY $19.95 AT HOM E INVENTOR Y $12.95 ORDER TRACKER $19.95 CHECKBOOK BOOKY $12.95 Staceys Bookstore MY PROFIT MARGIN $16.95 THE STOCK TICKER $16.95 219 University Avenue BILLING SOLVER $19.95 TAPE Palo Alto. CA 94301 CASH FLOW MODEL $16.95 UTILITY BILL SAVER $12.95 THE CLIENT TICKLER $19.95 THE BAR CHART $8.95 PC Computers INCOME & EXPENSER $15.95 MOTHER'S RECIPES $12.95 10166 San Pablo Avenue BUSINESS $16.95 THE MAILMAN $12.95 EI Cerrito. CA 94503 APPOINTMENTS GRADE MY KIDS $15.95 (415) 527-6044 AND MANY, MANY MORE!! Manager·Owner: Gary Guttebo FOR CASSETTE OR DISC ($10.00 Extra - 64 & Vic 20) Computer Ideas. Inc. 1029 Tennessee Street Vallejo. CA 94590 -FREE CATALOG (707) 552·5076 WITH INTRODUCTORY SPECIALS Manager·Owner: J. Gavin POWERBYTESOFTWARE Fox Computer Co . 2 CHIPLEY RUN 2678 North Main Street WEST BERLIN. NJ 08091 Walnut Creek. CA 94596 (6091 346-3063 (415) 944·9277 Manager·Owner: Stan Nielson

• Circle No. 47 102/Commander June 1983 Albany Typewrller & Computer Mdland Cascade Alpha Computer Center Datum Electronics Ltd 923 San Pablo Avenue 61 West 8th Avenue 1341 D. George Washington Way 11-3000 Lougheed Highway Albany CA 94706 Eugene OR 97401 Richland. WA 99352 Port Coqulliam. BC V3B lC5 (415) 526-1959 Manager-Owner: Ron Isaacs Manager-Owner: John Freer (604) 464-4424 Manager-Owner: Bill Tichy Ace-Tec Alaska Manager-Owner John Lim Idea Compulers Highway 101 South Computer Center BG Systems Co. Minitronlcs Coqultlam Center 301 North Santa Cruz Avenue Bandon. OR 97411 204 East International 1114-2929 Barnet Highway Los Gatos. CA 95030 (503) 347-9322 Anchorage. AK 99502 Coquitlam. BC V3B 3R5 (408) 354-1210 Manager-Owner. Ace Egnew (907) 276-2986 (604) 464-0633 Manager-Owner. Tom Woll Manager-Owner. Robert DeLoach John's Newstand Manager-Owner: Ross Watson The Computer Room 130 E. Main Micro Age Computer Store Village Computer Systems 230 Ml. Herman Road Medford. OR 97501 2440 Seward Higllway 17704-56th Avenue. #8 Scotts Valley. CA 95066 Manager/Owner' John Wikoff Anchorage. AK 99503 Surrey. BC V3S 1C7 (408) 4385001 (907) 279-6688 (604) 576-8112 Manager-Owner: Gary Guttebo Washington Manager-Owner: Jay W,sthoff Manager-Owner: Ron Jasper Compu-Play The Computer Center Stores 1320 South 324th. SUite A-3 MinltronlCs 930 Town & Country Village Federal Way. WA 98003 1440 Klngsway San Jose. CA 95128 (206) 839-4453 Vancouver. BC V5N 2R5 (408) 246-5710 Owner: KeVin Mitchell Canada (604) 872-3225 Manager-Owner' R. Reid. Manager-Owner. Bud Lam- Lim J. Barlow and N Kinney Electronic Supermart British Columbia 7040 South 180th Street Book Shoppe Castle Data Systems Ltd. Inland Electro Mart Kent. WA 98032 33-10th Avenue South 670 East Broadway 8624 California Drive (206) 251 -8484 Cranbrook. BC V1C 2M9 Vancouver. BC V5T 1X6 Riverside. CA 95204 Manager-Owner Richard Thorp (604) 426-3415 (604) 872-2829 J (714) 687-3776 Manager-Owner' Tommy Wheeler Manager-Owner: Ken Poole Manager-Owner' Jack Data Borne Computers 641 SW 152nd Dynamic Computer Systems Softcorner Developments Educallonal Connection Seattle. WA 98166 6-1960 Springfield Road 683 East Broadway 1508 Coffee Road Manager-Owner: Richard Kantak Kelowna. BC VI Y 5V7 Vancouver. BC V5T 1X7 Modesto. CA 95355 (604) 860 7795 (604) 872-6601 (209) 576-1611 Programs Plus 16874 South center Parkway Manager-Owner: Wayne Henricksor Manager-Owner. Howard Schaefer Software Plus Seattle. WA 98188 Sight & Sound Computer Center Conu Electronics 6201 "C" Greenback Lane (206) 5751375 657 Central 7204 Main Street Citrus Heights. CA 95610 Manager-Owner. Nick Smllh Prince George. BC V2M 1C6 Vancouver. BC V5X 3J4 (916) 726-4979 (604) 562-0356 (604) 324-0505 Manager Owner: Carolyn Webster Computer World 909 SE Everett Mall Way Manager-Owner' Jim Condon Manager-Owner. Greg Harder The Radio Place Everett. WA 98204 Vulcan Computer Systems 621 Reading Center 2964 Freeport Blvd Manager/Owner: William Lauby 20571 Fraser Highway 621 West Pender Sacramento. CA 95818 Conti Electronics Ltd. Langley. BC V3A 4G4 Vancouver. BC V6B 1W7 (916) 441-7388 (604) 530-8572 c/o Afcon (604)684-3814 Manager-Owner: Gary Stilwell Manager-Owner: Gord Trem ain 140-14th Manager-Owner: Wilson Yau Integral Computer Solutions Blaine. WA 98230 2947 Fulton Ave. Manager-Owner: G.W Harder Sacramento. CA 95821 Manager/Owner: Mike Kouri Computer Corner 1610 North Laventure Ray Morgan Co. Mt Vernon. WA 98273 C64-FORTH 554 Rio Lindo Avenue (206) 428-1840 for the Commodore 64 Chico. CA 95926 Manager-Owner: Kirk D_ Shroyer FORTH SOFTWARE FOR THE COMMODORE 64 (916) 343-6065 Manager' Dave Wegner Technique Data Systems Inc C64-FORTH (TM) for the Commodore 64 - $99.95 3306 Hwy 101 East • Fig Forth-79 implementation with extensions Computer Place Port Angeles. WA 98362 • Full feature screen editor and macro assembler 1698 Market Street Manager-Owner' Loren Larson • Trace feature for easy debugging Redding. CA 96001 • 320><200,2 color bit mapped graphics (916) 221-1312 Computer + • 16 color sprite and character graphics Manager-Owner John Fredricks 2504 Jefferson Avenue • Compatible with VIC peripherals including disks. data set, modem. Tacoma. WA 98402 printer and cartridges RadiO Mart (206) 2722329 • Extensive 144 page manual with examples and application screens 1075 Cypress Manager-Owner David Dodd • "SAVETURNKEY" normally allows application program distribution Redding. CA 96001 without licensing or royalties (916) 241-3000 Computer Town Manager-Owner' John Cokeley 1215 Center C64-XTIND (TM) FORm Extension for C64-FORm - $59.95 Tacoma. WA 98409 (Requires original C64-FORTH copy) (206) 2722271 • Fully compatible floating point package including arithmetic. relational, logical and transcendental functions Nibbles & Bytes • Floating point range of 1E+38 to 2E-39 Oregon 4020 South Steel Street. Suite 105 • String extensions including LEFT$, RIGHT$, and MID$ SW Computers Tacoma WA 98409 • BCD functions for 10 digit numbers including multiply, divide. and 1125 NE 82nd (206) 4755938 percentage_ BCD numbers may by used for DOLLAR-CENTS Ponland. OR 97220 Manager-Owner: John Clark calculations without the round-off error inherent in BASIC real Manager-Owner: Jerry Reed Graphics Inc. numbers. Edu-Tech 964 East 99th Street • Special words are provided for inputting and outputting 1575 NW 9th Tacoma. WA 98445 DOLLAR_CENTS values CorvalliS. OR 97330 Manager-Owner: Don Reed • Detailed manual with examples and applications screens (503) 758-5577 (Commodore 64 is a trademark of Commodore) Manager-Owner L. Clark and The ElectroniCS Shop W. Brown 131 North Decator TO ORDER - Specify disk or cassette version Olympia. WA 98502 - Check, money order, bank card, COD's add $1.50 Libra Book Inc. (206) 3576304 - Add $4_00 postage and handling in USA and Canada 856 Olive Street Manager-Owner. Frank and - Mass_ orders add 5% sales tax Eugene. OR 97401 Tim Llnaham - Foreign orders add 20% shipping and handling Manager-Owner' Larry West - Dealer inquiries welcome Bits. Bytes and Nibbles. Inc. M-S-G 209 Northtown Shopping Center PERFORMANCE MICRO PRODUCTS 537 Willamette Court Spokane. WA 99207 770 Dedham Street. 5-2 Eugene. OR 97401 (509) 487-1601 Canton, MA 02021 Manager/Owner: Bill Kennish Manager-Owner: Richard Shulman E8 (617) 82&-1209

CICcieNo. 32 Commander June 1983/103 Dealers, continued Quebec EleClfonlC 200 I Computer WOrld SYSlemS Or IC li d 5529 Yonge Slreel 4921·49th SI, _e1 909 DeB our gone Willowdale. Omano v12N 5C3 Red Deer . Ail nla T,l N lV2 Sle·Fo . Oueb ec G 1W 4S6 (416) 223 8400 (403) 34 7 4280 Conti Computer Systems (418) 659·3858 anager·Ov-.-ner DaVid Todd lIch t an S News Agency 1216 West Broadway 34 Adela,de Sireel Wesl Vancouver. BC V6H 1G3 Sy tems 0 mlc LId. Kell ey Sof ware O'SI Lid oronlO. Ont8r10 5H 1P6 (604) 7340606 999 De Bouragogue PO Box t ' 93' Manager·Owner· Duncan Fraser Ste·Foy . Quebec GI W 4S6 House 0 ' Computers ErJmOl1ion Albena TSJ 3L ' Manager·Owner: Y on Labbee 368 Eghnton Avenue West Manager·Owner Tom K lIy Mall Book Bazaar Toronlo OlltaTto M5N 11\2 850 Granvtlle Street Systems Ormic lid (41 6) 482·4336 T J B Mocrosysle 1S Lid Vancouver , BC V6Z 1K3 133 Sle·Germaon 1099 · 1241n Streel (604) 687·2213 Rimouskl, Quebec G5L 4B6 Arkon Electronics Edmonlon Al ben3 TSM OH9 Manager·Owner Mike McCord 409 Queens Street West (403) 451 6262 Manager·Ovmel JO'1n AI'.voo ana Systems Ormlc td. lo ronlo 0 larlo I 5 2A5 Owens & Sons Cash Register (416) 593·9653 DOug Poo., 2 10 1 Government Streel 1500 Norte Dame Trois·Ri v,eres. Quebec G9A 4X5 Manager·Ovlncr· Pa ul Pe Ttn Victoria , BC V8T 4P2 T.J.B Mlcrosys!ems. Ltd. (604) 383· 7134 Com ule Circuli d 10458·82nd S reel Ca leq. Inc. li Manager·Owner. Raben Owen and 733 R,chmono Streel Edmon;01. Albel a Glen Gray 331 Sit Wdlred Launer London. Ontario 6A 31i 2 (403) 433·316 1 SI. Lambert. Quebec J4R 2l (5 19) 6729 370 Managel ·Owner: John Alwood (5 14) 465·6055 Owens & Sons Cash Register Manager·Owner Wally Soloton Manager·Owner Maleel Bourcier 245 Fraser Street EleClroTs Nanaimo. BC V9R 5C2 Llchlman S News A_e"lcy 8770· 170Ih Sireel (604) 75341 78 Le Camelol Bay leW Ilia ge Shoopmg Mali Edmonlon . Alberl8 f5T 3J7 Manager·Owner: Wayne Wrigley I 191 Place Phtll,ps Square (403) 487·0144 Montreal, Quebec H3B 3C9 l!cnanan's News Agency Manager·Owner Gerry Rush (514) 86 ·50 19 DynaTtlic Computer Center 1430 Yonge SI,cet Manager·Owner: FranCine Rose 0:' \01 3105·31st Avenue Toronto. On:a"o O,eo POSi #9 Ver non. BC 103·9 709 I: rankhn Avenue (604) 860·7795 Fan cMurray. Albelia Manager·Owner ChriS Chambers Ontario Alberta (403) 91 6664 Questar i'llerfl lion I. Inc. Soli Opllon Manager Owner Pal liO' Ml nitronlcs Guddford Center 7270 Wood bone Avenue Box 112. S'.allon T Surrey, BC Markam. Ontario L3R 4B9 Calgary. Albe Ii! T H 2G7 Johnn'es Ap Ilances (604) 584 · 1033 (416) 475·8044 Manager Owner DavlO Ev ns Box 1010 Le Due. Alnena T9E 2Y6 (403) 986 2738 Manager Owner Ron and Lee Ctunook lee ronlCs Box 585 Lethbridge. Afbella (403) 320· 1424 SAVE MONEY ON YOUR VIC20 & C64 Manager·Owner Wayne ELIMINATE THE VIC/C64 RECORDER Saskatchawan The VIK DUBBER is an M,cro Shack. Lid interface which allows you 333 Park Sllee' to connect any standard cas­ Regina . SaskalCh?wan S4 F) 5B2 (306) 543·4079 sette recorder to the VIC-20 Manage, Owner Dave ClaYf)Ool or C64 . The VIK DUBBER contains circuitry which fil­ Com pUler Time ters and enhances the data 24 0 22 S"ee t ~asl Sas

Cllcle No.4

1 04/ Comrnander Ju ne 1983 User Clubs

Massachusetts SW Ohio VIC Users Club Texas Masspet Commodore User Group 659 Carthage Avenue Commodore (Houston) P.O. Box 307 Cincinnati, OH 45215 Users Group East Taunton, MA 02718 Contact-Tom E. Harris 8738 Wildforest Contact-Da vid A Rogers 761-7510 Houston, TX 77088 Public Doman Inc. California New Hampshire 5025 So Rangeline Road SFVCUG (San Fernando Valley TBH VIC-NIC CLUB West Milton, OH Commodore Users Group) PO Box 981 Contact-Bill Munch Salem, NH 03079 21208 Nashville Contact-J. Newman Indiana Chatsworth, CA 91311 Publication-VIC-NIC NEWS The VIC I ndy Club Contact- Thomas Lynch (President) Interests-VIC -20 Exclusively PO Box 11543 (213) 889-2211 X2015 Days Indianapolis, IN 46201 (213) 709-4736 Nights New York Contact-Linda Kropzer Newsletter- Monthly National VIC Association (317) 878-3342 Interests-All Commodore Products 9 Crabapple Lane Commodore Interest Association Nanuet, NY 10954 Michigan c/o Computer Data Contact - M ich ael Klei nert Michigan's Commodore-64 14660 La Paz Drive (914) 623-8929 Users Club 14342 Stephens Victorville, CA 92392 North Carolina Warren, MI 48089 Amateurs and Artesian Micro-Computer Users Club Contact- Doug Schwartz PO Box 682 PO Box 17142 (313) 776-5835 or Cobb, CA 95426 Bethabara Station Chuck Ciesliga Contact B. Alexander KR6G Winston-Salem , N.C. 27116 (313) 773-6302 Washington Contact-Joel D. Brown Newsletter-Sprite 64 Cyborg Gazette Interests- VIC-20 & CBM 64 (published monthly) 30023-118th Ave. SE Newsletter- The "VIC" Connection Interests-A ll uses of Commodore Auburn, Washington 98002 64 Computer Contact-Ben Dunnington Kentucky South Dakota (206) 939-0582 The Commodore Connection VIC-64 Users Club (206) 924-6992 1010 South Elm 203 East Sioux Avenue Newsletter- Henderson, KY 42420 Pierre, SO 57501 Commodore 64 Magazine Contact-Jim Kemp Contact-Larry J. Lundeen (502) 827-8153 ATS . VIC-20 Computer Club (605) 224-4863 Interests- VIC, CMB 64, PET 7906 34th Avenue SW Illinois Seattle, WA 98126 Ohio The Fox Valley PET User's Club Contact-Ken Gazaway Central Ohio PET User's Group 833 Willow Street (206) 935-2697 107 South Westmoor Avenue Lake in the Hills, IL 60102 Publication-For VIC-20 only Columbus, OH 43204 Contact-Art Dekneef Contact- Philip H Lynch Central Washington Commodore (312) 658-7321 (614) 274-0304 User's CLub Interests- Support of all Chicagoland C-64 Users Club 1222 South 1s t Street Commodore Products 190 Oakwood Drive Yakima, WA 98902 Woodale, IL 60191 Contact- Bob Wood or Commodore Youths of Ohio Contact- Russ Hurlbut Tim McElroy 9729 Lawndell (312) 860-2015 Navarre, Ohio 44662 Canada Contact- Todd Archinal Kansas Winnipeg PET Users (216) 767-3514 Commodore Users Group of Wichita 9-300 Ennis Killeo Interests-All Commodore Users Route 1, Box 115 Winnipeg, Mar;itoba, Canada R2V OH9 under 20 yea~~ age Viola, Kansas 67149 Contact Larry Nevfeld AdvertisingIndex

Circle No. Page No. Circle No. Page No. 1 Aardvark ...... 45 24 Luna Software ...... 108 2 Academy Software ...... 4 25 Midwest Micro ...... 77 37 Arpopos Technology ...... 11 26 Micro-Ed ...... 18 3 Boston Educational Computing, Inc .. 34 27 Micrograms ...... 29 39 Briley Software ...... 30 28 Micro Spec ...... 70 4 Bytesize MicroTech ...... 95, 104 29 Micro Systems Development ...... 3 5 Century Micro ...... 27 55 Microware Distributors ...... 51 6 CGRS Micro Tech ...... 47 56 Mystic Software ...... 37 66 CIR-KIT Engineering ...... 86 30 Nibbles & Bits, Inc...... 101 43 Codeworks ...... 86 31 Optimized Data Systems ...... 33 7 Comm * Data Software ...... 1 57 Parr Programing ...... 76 8 Commodore 64 Users Group ...... 28 32 Performance Micro Products ...... 103 9 Compu-sense ...... 63 33 Precision Technology ...... 34 10 Computer Alliance ...... 87 58 Progressive Peripherals ...... 30 11 Computer Marketing ...... 82, 98 34 Protecto ...... 25 12 Computer Mat ...... 23, 70 35 Psycom Software ...... 97 44 Creative Software ...... 50 36 Quantum Data ...... 49 13 Data Equipment Supply Corp ...... 31 59 S.A.V.E ...... 67, 78 49 Dungeoness Software ...... 81 60 SJB Distributors ...... 79 50 Dynamic Technologies ...... 85 38 Skylight ...... 87 14 Eastern House ...... 69 61 The Software Clearing House ...... 15 15 Electronic Specialties, Inc...... 28 62 Southern Solutions ...... 2 16 Event Horizon ...... 107 63 Space Sh uttle Software ...... 29 51 Fox Fire Systems ...... 91 64 Susie Software ...... 95 17 French Silk ...... 91, 97 40 SW Com puters ...... 34 18 Galactic ...... 24 41 Synapse Software ... Inside Front Cover 19 Gloucester Computer, Inc ...... 10 65 Systems Management Association .. 15 20 Intelligent Software ...... 10 42 Tamarack Software ...... 44 53 Journall20 ...... 22 45 Toronto PET Users Group ...... 70 21 J. Systems Corporation ...... 27 46 TOTL Software ...... 85 54 K-12 Micromedia ...... 85 47 TSASA, Inc ...... 102 22 Leading Edge ...... Back Cover 48 Victory Software .. . . I nside Back Cover 23 Liberty Computer Distributers ...... 37

1 06/C ommander June 1983

SOFTWARE

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