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Technical Handbook 1 Level 200 DRAWING & PAINTING Faculty of Art, Ontario College of Art and Design University TECHNICAL HANDBOOK Prepared by: John Deal and Michèle White 2 1) TECHNICIAN'S INTRODUCTION P.4 2) WHAT IS PAINT? P.10 3) TYPES OF PAINT P.12 4) PAINTING TERMS P.13 (1) General (2) Colour 5) COLOUR IN PAINT P.16 6) PIGMENTS P.19 (1) General (2) Classification (3) Characteristics 7) TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT P.22 (1) Brushes (2) Knives and Spatulas (3) Palettes (4) Easels (5) Lighting (6) Additional 8) SUPPORTS / SUBSTRATES P.25 (1) Flexible (a) Fabric (i) stretchers and strainers (ii) Strainer and Braced Panel building 101 P.26 (iii) stretching canvas P.33 (b) Paper (i) watercolour paper and stretching (ii) distemper and tinting paper (c) Acetate and Mylar (2) Rigid supports P.37 (a) Types (3) Priming P.39 (a) Size (b) Grounds/ Primers (i) acrylic gesso (ii) chalk ground full-oil ground (iii) half-oil ground (iv) alkyd and lead white grounds (v) metalpoint ground 3 9) SYNTHETIC PAINTS: P.47 (1) Vinyl Resins (2) Alkyd Resins (3) Acrylic Resins (a) colours (b) mediums (c) processes 10) OIL PAINTS P.60 (1) Oil Colours (2) Vehicles (3) Mediums (4) Supports, Size, Primers (5) Processes 11) WATER MIXABLE OILS P.65 12) OIL TEMPERA P.65 13) COPYART P.67 (1) History (2) Technical information (3) Processes (including transfers) 14) MIXED MEDIA P.72 (1) Collage/Assemblage (2) Photomontage (3) Materials (4) Processes 15) FRESCO P.77 16) METALPOINT P.78 17) EGG TEMPERA P.79 18) ENCAUSTIC/WAX P.83 19) VARNISHING P.89 20) BIBLIOGRAPHIES P.90 (1) Paint (2) Colour (3) Copyart and Collage (4) Other 21) PRECAUTIONS FOR THE USE OF ARTISTS’ MATERIALS P.96 22) WHAT IS A CRITIQUE? P.99 4 1) Technicians’ Introduction Welcome to DRPT. This is a highly diverse department covering a wide array of artistic practices and philosophies. The department facilities are comprised of 11 studios including a new Digital Suite, Buildshop (equipped with a Spray Booth), two large dedicated 4th Year Studios, a specialized Materials and Processes studio as well as some storage space. Some materials are available for purchasing through the Technicians office: 1x2x72” white pine $3 1x2x96” white pine $4 Approx. 24” x 36” x !” Luan Ply $4 TuffBack/Stencil Rite $3 / 4 sq ft. ‘D’ Rings $.50 Twisted Picture Hangers (30 lb cap.) $.50 Beeswax (400gr.) $5 Microcrystalline Wax (450gr.) $3 Tools and some hardware will be available in the Buildshop, Rm. 475, when a monitor is present. Hammer Screwdriver Measuring Tape Clamp Carpenters Square Chisel Gusset Nails Glue Staple Gun ‘OLFA’ Utility Knife Specialized tools are available upon request Power Drills Jigsaw Router Framing Square Protractor Pantograph Drywall Blades Pliers 48” Level 12” Level Calipers Rubber Mallet If you are enrolled in one of the Anatomy Sections, you may borrow a skeleton for 3 hrs. Skeletons must remain in the department and must be booked in advance. Skeletons will only be signed out when available. 5 The Digital Suite in room 440, across for the Faculty of Art office, offers Digital Printing. Students must provide their own paper or materials. There are several different materials that can be used. Consult with the Technician or Class Assistant regarding acceptable materials. Epson Archival Inks are used in printing. Digital Printing $5 / sq ft. Read the Signs If signs are posted, READ THEM! They are not decoration. All DRPT signs posted by the technician will carry the OCAD DRPT. Restricted Chemicals — Do NOT use: Turpentine Toluene Acetone Xylene D-Limonene Aerosol cans (Spray Paint, Fixative or Damar Varnish Adhesive) These chemicals have been determined to have dangerous health risks to you and others around you. There are alternatives. Ask if you don’t know what they are. There is NO spraying permitted anywhere on Campus except in the Spray Booths. There are Spray Booths located in room 475, 132 on the 1st floor (near the Wood Shop) and in room 517 on the 5th floor. Label your Containers If you decant any chemical into another container, you must label it. It is very important that we all know what a substance is. It is even more important that you can identify which chemical is in which jar. A common accident that plagues artists is the accidental drinking of solvent. Do all you can to avoid this! You should find WHMIS labels for your containers in each of our studios. If labels are unavailable, use a piece of masking tape to identify it. Most importantly, if you are using a water or juice bottle, strip off the label and apply your own so that there can be no mistake as to the contents. Waste Disposal, Cleaning Brushes Oil doesn’t mix with water. More-over, solvents and oils that are dumped down the drain enter into our water supply, contaminating our environment and ecosystem. We each have a role to play in the preservation of our environment. You can help. Do not put clumps of paint (oil or acrylic) or liquid oils/solvents down the drains. If you paint with oils there are a few different methods to clean your brushes. However, it is important that you make note that there are oily waste containers and liquid waste canisters in each studio. These are to be used to dispose of your oils and solvents. 6 Here are a few cleaning methods: A) The solvent free process: • Thoroughly wipe away the residue remaining in the brushes with a paper towel. You can use a bit of vegetable oil to help with this step. • Wash them in a reusable container using biodegradable soap. This can be reused and hydrated many times. • The remaining wash-away product is low toxicity compared to solvents. • Dispose of your oily paper towels in the oily waste containers. B) Mild Solvent use: • Wipe away the oil paint remaining in the brushes with a paper towel (dispose of your paper towels in the oily waste container.) • Using a mixture of equal parts Linseed Oil, Stand Oil, and Gamsol or Aboveground brand Mineral Spirits, rinse your brush until relatively clean. It is often a good idea to have two containers of the cleaning mix; one for the initial dirty clean, one for final clean. • Wipe all remaining residue off with a paper towel and again dispose of in the oily waste container. • If required, add a small amount of water to some laundry soap or dish detergent in a small container and rinse your brush. C) Oil and Solvent use: • Thoroughly wipe away the oil paint remaining in the brushes with a paper towel (dispose of your paper towels in the oily waste container.) • Apply a small amount of vegetable oil to a cloth or paper towel and knead the oil into the brush, wiping away any paint that comes out. • Continue until little or no paint appears on the towel. • Rinse the brush with a small amount of soap and water in a container until it appears cleaner. Wipe out the container or let dry and reuse at a later time. • If required, use a small amount of Gamsol or Aboveground brand Mineral Spirits as a final cleaning solution for your brushes. Please note: Gamsol and Aboveground Mineral Spirits are considered the safest solvent available. D-Limonene and Turpentine are the worst (which is why they are not permitted). There are many options for brush cleaning. The above-listed are considered healthy, effective and relatively inexpensive. If you are unclear about any of these processes, discuss it with your Instructor or Technician. All oily liquid waste should be disposed of in the oily waste canister located in each DRPT studio. All oily rags need to be put into the oily waste container. Do not throw your oily rags into the garbage. Additional note: Leaving dirty solvents for a couple days will allow the sediment to settle. You can pour off the relatively clean solvent solution into a fresh container and dump the sediment 7 into the oily waste canister. All solvents are flammable. Be sure that you are not using these products around sparks or open flame. Linseed and stand oil can spontaneously combust. Be sure to dispose of them properly. 8 9 Student Storage In many of the studios as well as in rooms 464 and 475 we have space available for students to store their work temporarily. These spaces are often open to the public and you are advised to use them at your own risk. Please be respectful of other people’s property. All students in DRPT have to share these facilities. Please make Special note: Due to space restrictions, all student work must be removed at the end of the semester. Any work left behind will be considered abandoned and will be discarded if it cannot be recycled. No exceptions will be made. Furthermore, if you have completed a project and the work does not need to be stored on campus any longer, please remove it to make room for new assignments. Music/Noise If you want to listen to music, use earphones. Otherwise, ensure that you are not disturbing anyone else in the area and keep the volume low. This is not your living room. Others are using these spaces as well. Shop Dress Code This is mainly to address the shop dress code in other areas of the school. If you are planning to enter the Woodshop, Plastics, Metal or any shop with machines, be sure to tie back long hair. You must NOT wear open-toed shoes or high-heeled shoes or loose clothing.
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