FHE NATIONAL HEALTH MAGAZINE PARADISE VALLEY SANITARIUM; NAT,Onal

u FHE NATIONAL HEALTH MAGAZINE PARADISE VALLEY SANITARIUM; NAT,oNAL

Southern Medical and California's SANITARIA Surgical ETHICAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESSIVE

OMPRISING the LOMA LINDA, GLENDALE, and PARADISE VALLEY SANI- TARIUMS, covering the entire field of rational medicine and scientific surgery. These up-to-date homelike Institutions of Health have helped to make Southern California the great Mecca for the tourist and health seeker. They are conducted by the Seventh-day Adventist Association, the world-renowned originators of the famous Battle Creek Idea of Physiological Therapeutic treatment. These Sanitariums have qualified regular Physicians, skilful Surgeons, trained Attendants, graduate Nurses, and thoroughly equipped Laboratories. Their institutional apartments are models of convenience for the scientific administration of every modern Physiological Therapeutic treatment. The basic principle of their system of treating disease has been in constant successful employment for more than thirty-five years, and includes every modern curative measure known to medical and surgical research. The professional staff of each of these Institutions gives special attention to classified dietetics, and the bills of fare are based on a complete return to nature's first principles, and to her food products, which are largely produced on the institutional estates and by their own food factories. Besides the complete acquired facilities of scientific medical and surgical research, these modern " Homes of Health " offer to the traveler seeking rest, recreation, and health, under new scenes, the attractions of a matchless climate, both summer and winter. It is never too hot nor too cold for outdoor exercise and enjoyment. The very words " Southern California " bring to mind a smiling summer-land rich with tropical vegetation and heavy with the perfume of flowers. The mountain air mingled with the salt-sea breezes forms a live, invigorating atmosphere for those seeking health restoration. Each of these institutions has its own peculiar points of excellence to offer its patients and guests. Address for " Illustrated Prospectus " THE LOMA LINDA SANITARIUM Loma Linda, California THE GLENDALE SANITARIUM = Glendale, California THE PARADISE VALLEY SANITARIUM = = National City, California Or the City office of these Institutions, 417 W. Fifth Street, Los Angeles, California

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FAMOUS LONG BEACH SANITARIUM California's best-equipped and most delightfully situated health resort LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA

In the region noted for its equable ESTABLISHED ON BATTLE CREEK PLAN winter climate Latest BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM methods used. SCIENTIFIC ELECTRICAL TREATMENTS of every description. Finest equipped Electrical and Mechanical Swedish departments in the West. Milk Diet, Rest Cure, Osteopathy. Modern in every detail. Graduate Nurses only employed. Spacious grounds, wide verandas, sun parlors. Every outdoor diversion. Excellent table. No tippirg. Rates, including treatments and medical attention, no higher than hotels render- ing equally pleasant service. You receive more for your money here than at any other sanitarium in California. Booklet free. W. RAY SIMPSON, Manager

New England Sanitarium, Melrose (Boston), Mass. Is the largest and best equipped institution in the Eastern States employing a rational system of physiological therapeutics. Is situated six miles from Boston, in the midst of a State park of 3,500 acres. Is well equipped with modern conveniences, and with every appliance for the successful treatment of disease, including the Hydro-electric Bath, Electric- light Bath, Russian Bath, Massage, Manual Swedish Movements, Electricity, and X-ray. Special attention given to surgical cases. Experienced physicians and well-trained nurses of both sexes are in charge. Send for booklet.

Boulder= Colorado Sanitarium, Boulder, Colorado

The Boulder-Colorado Sanita- rium is a well-equipped and well-regulated institution for the treatment of all chronic disorders. It is the only Sanitarium in the Rocky Mountain region intelligently employing the same system of rational treatment and conducted on the same general health principles as the Battle Creek (Mich.) Sanitarium. The Buildings are equipped with all modern conveniences, including Steam Heating, Elec- tric Lights, Elevators, Gymna- sium; Baths of every description, including the Electric- Light Bath; Massage and Man- ual Swedish Movements; Elec- tricity in every form. Classified Dietary, Laboratory of Hygiene f o r bacteriological, chemical, and microscopical investiga- tions; experienced Physicians and well-trained Nurses of both sexes. No contagious or of- fensive diseases are received in the institution. Write for catalogue and card of rates.

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JOretisitittarr o4243o0-601-11-0kONE20/9E0 gg' If you find a Renewal Blank inside the front cover, it indicates that YOUR SUBSCRIPTION EXPIRES WITH THE RECEIPT OF THIS NUMBER. Please fill out the Blank and send the same, with remittance, to our NEAREST AGENCY. See advertisement " Our General Agencies." CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY GENERAL ARTICLES PAGE Overcrowding and Bad Housing in the Country, Dr. Harvey B. Bashore 54 Accidents and Common Ailments, G. K. Abbott, M. D. 57 Physical Labor a Blessing, D. H. Kress, M. D. 6o PHYSICAL CULTURE 62 Exercise for Women, Lauretta Kress, M. D. FOR THE MOTHER How Shall We Educate Our Girls? Wm. W. Worster, A. M., M. D. 65 The Farm Baby, Edythe Stoddard Seymour: Environment — The Baby's Training 67 STIMULANTS AND NARCOTICS 69 Alcohol as a Food, A. B. Olsen, M. D., D. P. H. HEALTHFUL COOKERY 72 Soups, Geo. E. Corn forth. EDITORIAL 75 Alcohol and Narcotics — Is the Slum the Cause or Result of Delinquency? As WE SEE IT 79 The Medical Faker a Moral Imbecile — Liberal Diet in Typhoid — The Dollar and the Death-Rate — Mark Twain's Bad Habits — Superb Health and Efficiency — Why Eat Breakfast? — White and Standard Bread — Terminal Disinfection? — Pyro- technic Hygiene Instruction — Simpler Phraseology. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 84 Cold Feet — Corsets — Floating Kidney — Teaching Self-Control — Short Lunch Time —Emaciation — Pains in the Spleen — Granose for Babies — Can Not Keep Food Down — Irregular Meals — Dietetic Instruction to Children — Clock or Appetite? — Brain Workers and Indigestion — Is Pellagra Curable? SOME BOOKS 86 The Task of Social Hygiene—The Mosquito, Its Relation to Disease and Its Ex- termination — A Select Bibliography of Recent Publications and the Helpful Relations of Employers and Employed. NEWS NOTES

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VOL. XXVIII FEBRUARY No. 2 lircasHo, 1913 THE NATIONAL HEALTH MAGAZINE,

AIM: To assist in the physical, mental, and moral uplift of humanity through the individual and the home.

George Henry Heald, M. D., Editor

WHAT TO DO FIRST Hiccup Menthol for Coughs THE paroxysms may often be relieved by MENTHOL is valuable in the treatment of grasping the tongue with a napkin, and pulling coughs in adults, says the Medical Review of forcibly. Reviews. It is an anesthetic, and being non- toxic, it may be used instead of morphin to The Cure of Piles calm the irritation of the air-passages. A few IN many cases permanent relief will be ob- crystals of menthol are heated on a spoon tained by forcibly stretching the orifice under over a flame, and the fumes inhaled. local anesthetic. To Abort Coryza, or Cold in the Head Singer's Sore Throat ONE or two doses, i gram (15 grains) each, of acetylsalicylic acid on the first indication of THE chronic laryngitis of the singer may be cold in the head, will arrest it. With the relieved by spraying the throat eight or ten first tickling of the throat in the evening, times a day with a two-per-cent solution of take a dose, and then again in the morning. lactic acid. If there seems to be a relapse, two or three To Sober a Drunk more doses will effectually relieve it. This advice is given in the Munich Medical Weekly GIVE eight grains of ammonium chlorid dis- of July i6. solved in water, at one dose, and follow with copious drafts of water. The patient will Ivy-Poisoning sober up quickly without delirium. DR. J. L. BUTTNER writes: " I have found Removal of Ear-Wax by experience that in ivy-poisoning the best treatment is scrubbing with soap and hot Do not attempt to dig it out, as this is water, and a liberal wash with alcohol. The injurious to the lining of the ear, but gently relief is immediate and permanent. The Jour- syringe it out by means of a fountain syringe, nal A. M. A. spoke of this treatment favorably, using warm water to which a teaspoonful of and advised also permanganate of potash, baking-soda to the pint of water has been which destroys the poison. I doubt if Epsom added. salts do so well." Whooping-Cough Ivy-Poisoning THE paroxysms may be broken up by stand- ing behind the patient, and, with thumbs be- RECENTLY it has been shown that potassium hind the angles of the jaws and with fingers permanganate is a thoroughly efficient remedy meeting and clasping the chin, pressing the for poison-ivy or poison-oak. The Medical jaw forward and downward. Another method Review of Reviews gives the following sug- is to grasp the tongue with a napkin and pull gestions as to the method of employing this it forward. remedy : — " First, thoroughly wash the part or parts An Emergency Hot-Water Bag with warm water and soap ; then use an alka- THE inner tube of a bicycle or automobile line wash, as for example, a teaspoonful of tyre, tied at the ends, makes a very good hot- bicarbonate of soda to one pint of water. Fol- lowing this should come several washings in a warm two-per-cent to four-per-cent solution of permanganate of potash. The strength of the permanganate solution should vary according to the severity of the attack." water bag or ice-bag, says a writer in the The writer would suggest that the perman- Journal A. M. A. Cut a good section of the ganate be diluted to a light-wine color, so tube as long as desired, and tie it double over that a tumbler of this solution will permit the ends. If the tube is of small caliber, it may readily the passage of light. If this appears be made to cover the surface by using a greater irritating, make the solution weaker. If non- length and coiling it. irritating, it may be made gradually stronger. 53 OVERCROWDING AND BAD HOUSING IN THE COUNTRY Dr. Harvey B. Bashore, County Medical Inspector, Pa. Dept. of Health HEN I first began to investigate are perhaps good enough for soldiers, this subject, it was hard to be- all young, strong, and healthy, living an lieve that real overcrowding ex- outdoor life; but for rearing families they isted in the country districts ; are anything but what they should be. but the more the subject was looked into, In villages, too, streets rarely approach the more the fact became apparent. I the width of the city street, yet in many little dreamed that we had situations in villages almost as much land is covered our small towns and villages almost as with buildings as in the city; of course bad as I had seen in the great East Side the village houses do not approach the on Manhattan Island. Yet why not? height of the city houses, but the real Greed for gold is just as strong in the condition in regard to sunlight and fresh country squire as in the city millionaire, air is almost worse ; for the narrow vil- and the owner of a few lots is going to lage street is frequently lined on both make the most of them whether he lives sides by low, bushy trees, and the houses in the city or the country. have such low ceilings that there is really Land overcrowding, the one phase so less circulation of air than in most ordi- conspicuous in the crowded cities, is not nary city houses. so very common in the country, yet it While the land overcrowding just men- does occur in many towns and villages, tioned is not very prominent in the coun- especially those which are on the boom try, house overcrowding is very common, from some rapidly increasing industry. sometimes due to defective building, I know, for instance, of a small town in sometimes poverty and the general care- which an entire corner lot is so com- lessness and ignorance of the rural popu- pletely taken up with a building that the lation in regard to things sanitary. The toilet accommodations are actually on the row is very often responsible for a street. The result was brought about by good deal of the house overcrowding, a bankrupt speculator who owned the but not all rows are overcrowded. I building and lot and sold off the lot to have seen instances where small families his neighbor; in fact, sold everything but lived in small quarters under proper sani- the house, and that his neighbor did not tary conditions, but that is the exception. want. The row house very often contains A peculiarity of a great many towns only four rooms and a wash-house, and and small villages is the row. I know when more than three or four persons many such towns where one sees solid live in such a house, with window space blocks of buildings — small buildings, on only in front and back, there will be narrow streets, which are also lined with overcrowding with its deficiency of air dense shade-trees. and sunshine. We can readily un- The row shown derstand how such in Fig. I is sup- building is neces- posed to be three sary in the great houses, and at one cities, but it cer- time contained sev- tainly is not neces- enteen persons, sary in the village. and as there are These barrack-like only three bed- houses—and I rooms in the whole know o n e small row, there was a town where a cer- vast amount o f tain row is called Fig. i. A " row " in a small village: three overcrowding. The the " Barracks "— houses and seventeen persons. gable ends of the 54 GENERAL ARTICLES 55

Fig. 2. A mountain home — plenty of fresh air outside, but sadly lacking on the inside. building also show lack of window space, crowded into one room for the sake of presumably left in this condition with mistaken economy, presumably to save the idea of adding more houses to the coal and wood. row at some later date. Why are such Another form of this overcrowding is houses built in small towns and villages? apparent in certain mountain districts of — Simply because the owner expects to Pennsylvania, and it may be very much make ten or fifteen per cent on his in- the same elsewhere. It has been noted in vestment. The proprietors are generally these places that the natives do not have the best people in their respective com- a strong, healthy build, nor a color in- munities, and fail to realize that insani- dicative of health, but the thin, pale fea- tary dwellings built in sunless rows on tures of those suffering from the lack another street are a menace to their own of pure air. Yet these people live in the health. purest of God's fresh air — in places akin This kind of overcrowding is in a great to those where we build our sanitariums. measure due to the environment and the Why is it? In a good many of these landlord, the people themselves not being cases the explanation seems to be de- directly responsible for the existing con- pendent on the personal habits of these dition. On the other hand, there is very mountaineers, who on the advent of win- much overcrowding due wholly to the ter " hole up " a good deal like certain habits and ignorance of the people them- animals. They lay in a supply of wood, selves ; for example, a nurse from one of but as wood is becoming scarce, and they our tuberculosis dispensaries in her visit- are generally lazy, the supply is not over- ing work came across a certain farm- abundant. So they economize space and house where five persons were accus- heat, and have fire only in the cook-stove ; tomed to sleep in one not very large .windows and unnecessary doors are bedroom, which had only one small win- nailed shut, and here around the stove dow, and one of the five had incipient they spend most of the winter, eat and tuberculosis. These people were well- sleep in one room, or at the most two, to-do farmers living in a large thirteen- and the result? The faces seen in these room house, and these five simply mountain homes remind one of the faces 56 LIFE AND HEALTH

Fig. 3. This bedroom — the loft of the house shown in Fig. 2 — was used habitually by eight persons. seen in the densely crowded insanitary one person suffering from tuberculosis. tenement-houses of the cities. The 1898-1900,E— family : two deaths complete outdoor life of the summer is from tuberculosis. barely able to combat the bad air and the 1900-12, L— family: two deaths lack of air during the winter months, from tuberculosis. and a chronic condition of lowered vi- The red raider of the eighteenth cen- tality results. tury rarely ever collected such a toll from Bad building is almost characteristic these little pioneer houses of his day, but of t h e country ; a greater danger small and insuffi- is now abroad in cient window the land, even in s p a c e, entailing the country. lack of fresh air The o 1 d idea a n d sunshine, is that the country is seen almost every- such a healthful where. In Fig. 4 place in which to is shown a picture live is good only so of one of these far as the country badly built houses, is fresh from the and it is a home hand of the Lord ; with a history, too, for man's make- not, perhaps as you Fig. 4. Defective building in the country — over in the country think, historic of great absence of window. space. Five deaths from is generally poor. tuberculosis since 1896. Indian raid a n d No need to bother brave defense, but a history of the great about curing individual cases of tuber- white raider — tuberdilosis. Here it culosis while they live in such environ- is : — ment. Healthful living conditions will 1896-98, M— family : one death and give a different aspect to tuberculosis. ACCIDENTS AND COMMON AILMENTS G. K. Abbott, M. D. Sprains lasting after removal from the water than PRAINS are of such common when treatment is had by hot water, since occurrence that every one the cold removes the cause of the pain, should be able to treat them that is, the swelling. The treatment may with at least some degree of be carried out by placing the injured part skill. Recovery with the least possible under a cold-water faucet, or it may be loss of time is fully as important in treat- held over a pail or tub and cold water ment as the relief of the pain. Sprains poured over it from a dipper or pitcher. of the ankle are far more common than This plan of treatment may appear in any other joint, and perhaps next in rather heroic, especially for delicate per- frequency are those of the wrist. The sons. But in such cases a little further condition present is the rupture of a liga- reasoning will suggest the necessary ment by an excessive and usually un- modification. Let the part be immersed guarded movement. Pain is immediate, in hot water for a few minutes, and then and congestion and swelling come on pour cold water over it for an equal very quickly. It is perhaps needless to length of time, these alternations being say that rest of the part is the first re- continued until relief is obtained. Or the quirement in treatment. part may be several times immersed al- That which is usually first resorted to ternately in hot water and cold water, is immersion or bathing of the part in hot or even in ice-water. In all cases, at the water. This relieves the pain to quite close of each sitting wipe the part directly an extent, but does not check or limit from the cold water, wrap in a thin cold the swelling. Often the application of a compress, and cover with flannel applied liniment is all that is thought of. Some- closely and pinned well so as to quickly times the part is bandaged not only to bring on the heating-up process. The secure rest, but to provide against excess- part should then, of course, be kept ele- ive swelling. These are the methods vated as much as possible until the next in common use. While each one accom- treatment. The whole procedure may be plishes one or more desirable results, repeated two or more times daily as nec- none of them meets all the needs of the essary. Tight bandaging is not advisa- condition. In this connection we may ble. It limits the swelling for the time well learn from the methods instinctively being, but does not remove the cause, and pursued by wild animals in like accidents. after removal of the bandage the swelling They seek a pond, lake, or better a becomes worse than otherwise. Even an stream, and stand with the injured mem- uninjured part, if tightly bandaged for a ber in the water, often for an hour or few hours, will swell on the removal of more at a time. This treatment with cold the bandage. water, particularly running water, meets Fractures. all the needs of the situation. It not A broken bone must of course be at- only relieves the pain, but it limits the tended to by a physician or a surgeon. swelling and hastens healing by increas- But before the physician arrives, much ing the rapidity of the circulation and may be done to relieve the pain, and also bringing to the part many more white to relax the muscles preparatory to set blood-cells, which are also more active ting. This is best accomplished by the. under the influence of the cold water than use of the fomentation, both results fol- under heat. The persistent and annoy- lowing the application of heat. Flannel ing pain is due almost wholly to the cloths should be wrung from hot water swelling, and consequent tension on the and then wrapped quickly in dry flannel. nerve filaments. For this reason, the re- The dry flannel cloth must be a thick lief under cold running water is more one, like a new bed blanket, or else 57 58 LIFE AND HEALTH

two thicknesses should be used, so that mentation is removed, and then the feet a burn will not result. As an addi- on removal from the hot water. tional precaution, the wrapped fomen- After this a heating compress should tation may be tested by applying it to be applied to the neck, allowing it to re- the back of the hand or to the cheek. main all night or until another treatment. The fomentation is then wrapped about This is prepared by folding an ordinary the fractured part, and in a few minutes cotton cloth in three or four thicknesses, another prepared. The heat should be forming a strip three inches wide and kept up until a considerable degree of long enough to go one and one-half times relaxation is secured, or until the physi- around the neck. This is wrung from cian arrives. cold water, wrapped about the neck, and Burns covered with a strip of dry flannel a little wider than the cotton piece. The latter While we do not recommend the use is pinned so as to fit snugly. If left on of hydrotherapy in burns (at least only overnight, the cotton cloth should be dry in exceptional cases), yet they are so fre- by morning. After one or two treat- quently treated by immersion in cold wa- ments by means of fomentations to the ter that a word here will not be out of neck, the plan should be altered by apply- place. It is true that cold water relieves ing a thick cold compress for one or two the pain as long as the part is in the cold minutes between the fomentations, three water, but on removal the pain becomes of which with three applications of the worse than it would otherwise have been. cold compress constitute a treatment. In Probably the simplest and best treatment simple pharyngitis the writer rarely uses in the large majority of cases is the use any other method, except the addition of of a watery solution of picric acid,' and some mildly antiseptic gargle to be used fanning of the part until this and the at intervals of three or four hours. exuded serum have dried. It may then be lightly dusted with stearate of zinc, Blood-Poisoning and the dressing and bandage applied. Septicemia, or blood-poisoning, is a se- Treated in this manner, burns heal with rious condition, but results from very surprising rapidity. These substances trivial injuries. The causative bacteria produce far better results than carron-oil, may gain entrance through the prick of and should replace that preparation in a thorn, a cut or bruise, or even the the family medicine-chest. scratch of a pin. As to whether or not Sore Throat these slight abrasions result in blood-poisoning depends almost entirely upon the A simple sore throat may be very ef- vital resistance of the individual. Once fectively treated at home. It is often in the tissues and unchecked by the white accompanied by a similar condition in the blood-cells, the bacteria multiply rapidly larynx, and by hoarseness, sometimes and spread along the lymphatic channels. lasting several days. Treatment may be The hand or other infected part becomes carried out by a hot foot-bath and by swollen, painful, and dusky in color. fomentations to the throat. Both should The cure of the inflammation depends be continued until the pain in the throat upon prompt attention and thorough is relieved. This may require twenty treatment. The condition, of course, de- minutes. If the patient has perspired mands the attention of a physician, but because of these hot applications, a gen- much or all of the treatment in many eral sponge with cold water should be cases may be carried out at home. given, taking one part at a time, and If the infected part is a hand or foot, finishing with the neck as the last fo- as it is in the majority of cases, provide two large pails or small tubs, filling Picric acid should never be used if the skin is broken. Fatal accidents have followed one with water as hot as can be borne, its use in such cases. and the other with ice-water with blocks GENERAL ARTICLES 59 of ice in it. The part should now be jure the tissues, and also prevent the immersed in the hot water for two min- germ-destroying action of the white cells utes, then in the ice-water for twenty by which the body protects itself against to thirty seconds, infection. and returned t o Where localized the hot water. abscess appears, These changes lancing will be nec- should be continued essary. Red lines for about half an extending from hour at a time, and the infected part the whole proce- are an indication of dure repeated from spreading o f the two to four times bacteria, and treat- a day as necessity ment should be fre- may require. The quently repeated, extreme heat and s a y every three cold stimulate the hours, until these circulation and re- disappear. The hot duce the swelling. water should b e That which is of kept as hot as can the greatest impor- be tolerated by the tance is the great addition of more increase in t h e Treating for blood-poisoning in the hand. water from a tea- number of white kettle o r faucet. blood-cells brought to the part. It is by Ordinary cold water is not sufficient ; means of these and other similar cells ice-water must be used. The efficacy of that the germs are destroyed. It is im- the treatment depends upon these ex- possible to reach the germs by antiseptics ; treme changes in temperature. The wri- in fact, any antiseptic strong enough to ter has seen scores of severe cases suc- destroy the bacteria would likewise in- cessfully treated by this method. PHYSICAL LABOR A BLESSING D. H. Kress, M. D. HE importance of systematic and every organ of the body will be bene- physical exercise in the mainte- fited thereby. nance and development of a Of the many who go to the seashore or healthy, vigorous body and to sanitariums to regain health, some are mind, is not appreciated as it should be. greatly benefited, others are not. If you By the majority, physical work is per- follow the two classes in their treatments, formed in a mechanical manner, not from you will find that the one class go me- choice, but because of necessity. chanically through the treatments and A young man in New Zealand found exercises prescribed, while the other class fault with the government. He com- make a study of diet and the treatments. plained of the inability to get work. A By doing so, they are able to reason from man stepped up to him and said, " My cause to effect and can expect results. friend, if you will accompany me, I They make a business of getting well ; will secure you a job in two hours ; " they expect much and receive much. In to which he replied, " It isn't work I am the same way exercise may or may not after; it is money I am after." When be a benefit to the individual. If the work is regarded as mere drudgery and intelligence and interest are not centered money is the thing men are after, the full in the exercise, it will do little good. benefit that should result from exercise This indicates that there must be some- is not gained. The woman at the wash- thing wrong with our education ; for tub, laughing and good-natured, is sel- honest labor is not generally considered dom ill. The mother who toils for her a blessing, and the laborers who regard loved ones and deems it a pleasure to their work drudgery do not get out of it do so, usually keeps well. the physical benefit they otherwise might. The principle laid down in the Bible, The Egyptians evidently had a wrong " Let him that stole steal no more : but conception of labor. Fearing that the rather let him labor, working with his children of Israel might multiply and be- hands, . . . that he may have to give come powerful and join their enemies, to him that needeth," is one that should the Egyptians said, " Let us deal wisely be more generally followed; and the mo- with them." Thinking that hard work tive named should be the one prompting was the surest way to cause physical de- work. generacy and to weaken the race, they The amount of good we get out of placed taskmasters over the Israelites, work depends in' a great measure upon and afflicted them with the hardest kind the good we see in it, and the amount of of labor. They were sadly disappointed mental and physical energy we invest. in the results. The record tells us that Therefore the wise man said, " Whatso- " the more they afflicted them, the more ever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy they multiplied and grew. And they might," or put your heart into all you do. were grieved because of the children of Though walking is the best of all ex- Israel." 1 ercises, very little good will result from The benefit derived from food or the a listless, aimless walk ; but if, with cheer- air inhaled depends on a good, vigorous ful spirit, one throws his life into a brisk walk in the open air, with shoulders back It would seem that some of the large cor- and head erect, expecting adequate re- porations are now working with a similar turns for the investment of time and purpose in view, and that they are succeeding better than did the Egyptians ; for modern strength, he will never be disappointed. factory conditions, long hours, crowding, etc., The life current will flow more freely, often prove disastrous to motherhood.— ED. 6o GENERAL ARTICLES 61

circulation of the blood. It is the blood clothing, hardware, machinery. Light that carries life from the food, air, and and heavy, inside and outside work were water to the different organs and muscles combined. The women did housework, of the body, and it is through the blood made the clothing for their families, and that the tissues are freed from impurities. worked in the fields. This variety of The arm of the blacksmith becomes labor compelled the use of nearly all the well developed and strong. By constant muscles of the body. exercise the circulation of blood is quick- Now we have bookkeepers, who lean ened, and more life is carried to it. On over the desk ten hours each day, and the other hand, inaction of any organ handle only the pen; stenographers, who will cause a sluggish circulation of the operate only the typewriters ; telephone stream of life through it, and eventually operators; and doctors, who sit in their result in a decrease of its size and offices and see a list of patients. In fact, strength. Not only does physical exer- every one has his specialty. Thus while cise build up, develop, and strengthen the some muscles and certain cells of the muscles, but it also develops the brain. brain are constantly exercised and wear A leg or an arm amputated causes atro- out from overwork, others lie idle and phy, or a wasting, of that portion of the rust out from disuse. May not this in brain which has control over those mus- a measure account for the increase in cles. This shows that a well-developed mental and other diseases, and for the and well-balanced mind depends on a increasing physical degeneracy ? well-developed body, and that physical Inactivity leads to an accumulation of health and mental strength are intimately poisons which produce muscular .fatigue. associated. The same poisons produce brain fatigue. Gladstone's clear-headedness and suc- Lack of ambition, and even moral de- cess as a statesman depended in a large pravity, is frequently due to a sluggish measure on his systematic physical exer- circulation of the blood and a consequent cise. We are living in an unfortunate imperfect elimination of the body wastes age,— an age of specialization. A few formed constantly in the alimentary canal years ago, only all-round men and women and the tissues of the body. In order to were in demand. Clerks in stores were be well, man must exercise. supposed to handle everything, groceries, 1616 Millard Ave., Chicago, Ill.

rms

EXERCISE FOR WOMEN Lauretta Kress, M. D. XERCISE is as important for sets and tight clothing hinder the proper women as for men. Every use of the trunk muscles. muscle, in order to maintain its We find for this reason many women best condition, must have ex- with very flabby abdominal muscles, so ercise, by which the free exchange of that the internal organs, because of lack blood is hastened. This movement of of support, are likely to fall down, or muscle, or elongation and contraction, prolapse. acts upon the tissue the same as filling There are many forms of exercise in a sponge with water and squeezing it which women can engage with great out again. Each contraction squeezes benefit. Gymnastic exercises, under upon the blood-vessels, causing them to most circumstances, are very valuable ; empty, each elongation or relaxation but the out-of-door exercises are much causing an inflow of blood. This carries better because of the fresh air taken into out of the muscle all debris, and keeps the lungs, and because they are useful up a healthy tone. All muscles need the exercises. One feels when the exercise same treatment. Certain groups we use is over that one has accomplished some- sufficiently, others have no exercise, and thing. I think of gardening, especially consequently are handi- hoeing, as a delightful capped. exercise. It is not a Many women have heavy one, and is very for so long accustomed healthful. Any woman themselves to few exer- can engage in this use- cises that t h e larger ful exercise in her own group of muscles do not garden. One hour a become developed a s day, or even one-half they should. It is un- hour, will keep the gar- usual to find a woman den in good condition, with well-developed arm and will afford an ex- muscles. A piano player cellent chance for the develops the muscles of development of the mus- the forearm ; but the bi- cles of the arms and ceps and triceps, the trunk. large muscles of the I remember with great arm, do not become de- interest a patient who veloped as they should. though she was develop- Trunk muscles in civi- ing tuberculosis, was de- lized women are not termined to live. She used to advantage on ac- put on a pair of strong count of the bands An hour occupied in this way is shoes and a short skirt, around the waist. Cor- well spent. and hoed in her large 62 PHYSICAL CULTURE 63 garden each morning until the sun and back muscles, together with the mus- was too hot. This exercise morning cles of the thighs, makes it an excellent by morning had the effect of restoring exercise. I have seen women become the appetite and experts with oars, increasing elimina- and develop splen- tion through the did muscles by the skin and lungs. exercise. The cough ceased, Swimming must she gained in flesh, be mentioned here and to-day, after also. Every seventeen year s, woman should she is strong and learn to swim, not healthy. There is -tg only for the exer- something particu- Gardening is a delightful exercise. cise she may gain larly interesting in from it, but be- hoeing, for one is working over plants cause sometime the ability to swim may which so readily respond to care. If save a life. one's own merry heart produces a song One of the most exhilarating exercises to go with the work, the exercise is im- one can take is skating on ice. On a proved. clear, crisp day, when the ice is smooth, Another useful and healthful exercise there is no exercise one more thoroughly for women is mowing the lawn with a enjoys than skating. It is necessary to lawn-mower; a fourteen- or sixteen-inch be properly clothed, and when over- size is easily managed, and is not too heated, one must avoid resting in a place heavy for the ordinary woman to push. exposed to a cold breeze. This, too, is an exercise she can take I have not mentioned walking as a early in the morning. An hour occupied means of health getting. Among cer- in this way is well spent. It obviates tain classes of women walking clubs are the expense of hiring being organized. A the work done, and it walk of from three to adds much to our lady's five miles is taken regu- health. larly, and very often In winter there are much longer ones. other exercises equally When taking my med- healthful and beneficial. ical course, I averaged Women can shovel snow six miles every day, from the front porch and frequently took a and walk as well as men. longer walk than that. If there are two snow- English women have shovels, the wife can use practised this exercise one and exercise with to great advantage for her husband, in getting years. rid of the snow from Our present easy and the porch and walk. rapid modes of travel Rowing is a very spoil our men a n d pleasurable exercise, and women, so that walk- when the technique of ing exercises are not so rowing is properly ac- popular as they once quired, it is one of the were. An energetic most beneficial of exer- walk exercises nearly cises. The general Women as well as men can exercise every muscle of the movement of the arm this right. body. When the head 64 LIFE AND HEALTH

is erect, and the body in sidered severe by most good poise so that the men, they will come out weight does not come n o t only with better down too hard on the health, but in better con- heels, thus jarring the dition to prosecute their spine, walking becomes woman-suffrage c a m - an exercise that can not paign. be excelled in its bene- Walking is a health- fits for all. ful exercise under nearly Only recently some a 11 circumstances. Of women undertook to course it would not be walk from New York healthful to walk in the City to Albany. Those evening along a marsh who were corseted and infested with malarial otherwise hampered by mosquitoes, nor would it fashionable attire un- be an advantage to take adapted f o r walking, a walk in an atmosphere gave up the attempt polluted with various after the first day. At impurities, nor to walk A most exhilarating exercise. the last account five of in the sunshine unpro- the women were continuing the jaunt tected on one of our hot summer days ; through snowdrifts, though they had to but given a moderate temperature and a use some skin preparation in order to fairly pure atmosphere, if one walks en- prevent the blistering of their faces by ergetically with erect head and springy the fierce winds. At the time of this step, on balls of feet rather than heels, writing the walk had not been completed; and with a mind full of courage and but with women so plucky there is no good cheer, the walk can not but have doubt but that it will be ; and having gone a wonderfully invigorating effect. through an ordeal that would be con- 1616 Millard Ave., Chicago.

When the technique is acquired, rowing is one of the most beneficial of exercises. HOW SHALL WE EDUCATE OUR GIRLS? Wm. W. Worster, A. M., M. D. UST now the educational world ferent that there could be no common is deeply interested in the edu- bond of sympathy. The girls, who re- cation of our girls. The pages mained at home and led a simple, un- of history have recorded the eventful life, were not capable of appre- unhappy conditions of woman before ciating the superior knowledge of their educational privileges were granted her. husbands and brothers. Thus it was that Experience to-day reveals the unfitness woman came to be looked .upon in an- of the average modern college girl to be- cient times as a slave, a being by no come the matron of the home and mother means equal to man. This condition low- of the race. We have simply gone from ered the standard of civilization to an one extreme to the other. Wherein lies alarming extent. the reason ? The answer is very appar- When the public was gradually won ent. The cause of present conditions is over to the idea of sending girls to school, the opening of our educational institu- the sentiment became strong in its favor. tions to the entrance of girls without pro- Common schools, high schools, and col- viding special courses of study for them. leges were all opened to them, and with Experience, although a slow teacher, these great advantages woman very soon nevertheless in this case has been a good gained back her true position of love and one. To-day high schools and colleges respect. But her ability to manage the are offering lines of study whereby girls home and care for the health of her off- may receive a training to fit them for spring, instead of being increased, was practical, domestic duties, as well as to in the majority of instances markedly give them a full and complete course of decreased. study along general educational lines. The serious difficulty which is now so It has not been so very long, only about apparent is that the girls were required one hundred years, since a system of co- to enter the courses of study which were education was not believed in. It was designed especially for the boys. This thought at that time that the boys were had a great tendency not only to develop the ones who needed an education, since in the girl masculine characteristics, but upon them. devolved the responsibilities to weaken her love for and her ability to of maintaining the home, state, and na- perform the practical, domestic, and ma- tion. Experience, however, has taught ternal duties of a woman's life. that when these boys came forth from The lines of study pursued in obtaining college as men, well equipped for life, an education should fit one in an all-round they were not disposed to look upon way for the duties of real life. If a man women as their equal ; indeed, they could desires to be a doctor, a lawyer, or to not do so, as their ideals of life, their pursue any professional or business call- aims and ambitions, were so widely dif- ing, he takes such courses of study as are 65 66 LIFE AND HEALTH designed to fit him for his life-work. She is qualified to fill the same positions So if we are to have good wives and as he ; and why not aspire to them, in- mothers, we must have special courses stead of settling down to a quiet home provided for our girls. life, which appears to her to be mo- Upon man rests the responsibility of notonous ? finances ; hence he requires an education But if she does decide to live a pro- that will enable him to cope successfully fessional life, what of it? Has she not with the commercial world ; while upon a perfect right to do it? We can only woman rests that sacred and tender duty bid her Godspeed. But we still contend of caring for the home and for her chil- that she ought to have a preliminary dren. One can readily see that an edu- training, which is due every girl. Why? cation that would fit man in every way for what purpose? She will most likely, for the various duties of his life, would sooner or later, marry; for statistics show fail to give to woman a training for her that only a relatively small per cent of work. the women of to-day do not marry. Then Before the adoption of our present sys- what? The problems of home-keeping tem of coeducation, the mother of each are entered upon without the necessary home considered it her heaven-born duty knowledge of the fundamental principles. to train her daughters for the practical She then awakens to this painful realiza- duties of life. To-day she is either neg- tion. lecting her duty or throwing the respon- Even if she is so situated as to have sibility upori our educational institutions. servants to obey her every wish, so that Many a girl is hastened off to school she need never perform any of the do- without any insight into the true mean- mestic duties herself, nevertheless the ing of home or its duties. Vacations are management of her home depends upon often spent in the parlor, while mother her own judgment and knowledge of the does the work. It is not the object of household arts. She can not expect al- this article to stimulate better home train- ways to have ideal servants. They usu- ing, which is to-day sadly neglected, but ally do not know the best and most sani- to endeavor to awaken an interest in tary methods of doing the work assigned our educational institutions to assume to them. She needs to know also for her and better prepare for the duties thrust children's sake, that they be not placed upon them. in the hands of inexperienced servants to Since the adoption of coeducation, our be trained. If, on the other hand, she schools and colleges have returned to us marries a man who can not give her all women who are capable of filling posi- the luxuries of life nor all the comforts tions of responsibility and trust in our that he would like to, what will she do? state and nation. They are highly ac- Will she get a divorce from a true, hon- complished along social lines. Many are est-hearted man, who has never wronged masters in art, science, and literature. her, because she failed to do her part Their minds have been so carefully cul- from lack of practical knowledge, and tivated that they reach a high degree of thus made home unworthy of the name, efficiency in all their undertakings. They made it the most unhappy place on earth ? are in every sense the equal of their The nation's strength depends upon brothers. But woman's education, while home influences, early impressions, and broadening her vision and giving her high manner of living. How much power the aspirations, has to a greater or less ex- mother in the home wields can never be tent unfitted her for the domestic side of estimated. She is the molding influence her life, and caused her to lose that true of the home, the community, and the na- desire for home which God himself has tion. Her children will strive to imitate planted in every woman's heart. Her her ideals. ambitions are very liable to run along Is it not a godsend that we now have the same lines as her brother student's. courses of study which fill the lack that FOR THE MOTHER 67 has always existed in our schools? Why care and diseases of children, and sewing. do not more girls take these courses? If every woman took up the responsi- They prefer Latin, Greek, higher mathe- bilities of home with a knowledge of matics, astronomy, etc.; but these will these subjects, our nation would be noted not prevent dyspepsia, nor insure health far and wide for its tranquil, happy and vigor to their children. The subjects homes. After the experience of seven enumerated above are essential to the years of college and university life both broadening of the intellect, and girls as student and professor, and of ten years should be encouraged to take Them, but of medical practise, the writer feels very not to the exclusion of those mentioned confident of this. in the following paragraph. Fathers, mothers, instructors, encour- Years of profitable study may be spent age your girls to take a course in house- along the line of household economics, hold economics as well as other essential and at least one fourth of the high-school studies. It will be a valuable use of and college education should be devoted time and will bring golden results. It to it. The following subjects should be is all advantage and no disadvantage. taken by every girl, regardless of her And your girls will come home from aim in life: Physiology, personal and school to you with-a full and complete household hygiene, care of the home, di- education, and rounded into sweet, home- etetics and cooking, home treatment of loving, Puritan-like women. the sick, accidents and emergencies, the College View, Nebr.

1-.1111111.-• THE FARM BABY Edythe Stoddard Seymour VII ENVIRONMENT ROM an early age, babies notice chair, without rockers (for safety) ; a faces and understand expres- large armchair, with cushions ; or a large sions, and also tones of the clothes-basket or a box may be used for voice. The influence of living baby to sit in ; a sheet may be spread on among unhappy people has been known the floor in one corner of the room, and to make a baby quite ill. Always keep a a fence be made around it with chairs or pleasant face and quiet speech in the low baby-yard fencing. baby's presence. Baby's environment should be that of The little brain is like the sensitive kind words toward each member of the plate of a camera, ready to receive im- family, and his parents should take time pressions. Baby learns rapidly, about to talk to him. Sometimes father can cleanliness of person and surroundings hold the little one while resting (and (environment), and to love. He learns reading niaybe), if mother is busy. the cuddling, warm love of the mother, Sometimes he should help the mother in the strong arm and proud love of the the evening if she is very busy, so she father. Later he notices the efforts to can have a play spell with baby. Father amuse him made by other members of the should help care for baby at his meal- family. time, to give the mother a chance to Quarreling, smoking, the sharp eat her meal. Baby will notice this in scratching of matches, banging of doors, time, and not become selfish in demands and other unpleasant things that take of the mother's strength and time. place in some homes should be done away Flowers on the table, music if possible, with, so baby can thrive. pretty pictures, reading-matter, and shiny Many feet in crossing the floor keep it furniture will all be noticed by the baby, unfit for the baby to sit on. A low child's and will have a good influence. LIFE AND HEALTH

VIII The Baby's Training The baby should be trained rightly At the table do not give the baby things from the first. This saves much worry because he wants them. Give him only and the necessity for punishment later. the things fit for him to eat and drink, If comfortable, baby should not be picked and this lesson will be learned. up just because he cries ; otherwise the A walking baby should go around per- crying will develop into regular temper sons, not in front of them, and when exhibitions when it is not convenient to necessary to pass in front of any one, pick the baby up. Lie down to nurse say, " Please excuse me; " this should him or place baby lying with the bottle be repeated to the baby often before it at nap times, in order to form the habit can speak the words. of regular sleeping hours. Feed as little It is better to say, " Yes, mother " or at night as possible. Better not at all " No, Mr. Johns," than " Yes, ma'am " or after the fifth month. " No, sir ; " but if elderly people expect Select a convenient hour in the morn- it, and baby doesn't know their names, ing for the daily bath. Place the baby in the old-fashioned form could nicely be a nursery chair twice a day after feed- used with some people. ing when he is old enough to sit. Do " No, no ! it is mother's " (or some not leave dirty diapers on for a few min- one else's), should be early taught with utes, or baby will get used to the un- the additional thought, " Don't touch ! it comfortable feeling, and be harder to is not baby's." train, and the unclean diapers are liable Tell baby, " Be quiet," when he in- to cause disease and much local soreness. terrupts you in conversation; use a quiet When baby can grasp things, hold an tone, and insist. object up and say, " Please ; " give it to Dishes that will not break and a bib the baby and say, " Thank you ; " the are best for first use ; later, pretty china idea is good if often repeated. The ones and a napkin will teach genteel cus- names of objects that baby sees should be toms; also the use of a fork instead of repeated in the same way. Thus he a spoon, and a napkin-ring. learns.1 Insist on prompt obedience in impor- 1 The editor doubts whether the child needs any particular training at this early age in the tant matters. Do not always see trifling use of language. faults.

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Wetting the Bed by folding sheets, towels, underwear, etc., as MARKED relief of this disorder has been ob- they come from the line, and letting them go tained by the administration of half-grain doses unironed. Fruits may be served for desserts of thyroid extract to children of from two instead of made dishes, which take time." It to six years of age. In all cases that were is advocated by some that unironed bedding benefited, there was a marked change after the and underclothing are most sanitary. administration of one or two doses. In some Politeness a Cushion cases, undersized children gained weight rapidly under the treatment. POLITENESS is like an air-cushion; there may be nothing in it, but it eases the jolts wonder- Simplifying Housework fully.— George Eliot. American Motherhood gives some sensible Do Not Hurry advice about simplifying housework, thus giv- THE wise housekeeper does not hurry. She ing less work and worry, and more time for may hasten when necessary, but she disre- the social side of the family, as follows : — gards hustle and bustle, and places thorough- " An ironing may be made less burdensome ness above speed.

ALCOHOL AS A FOOD A. B. Olsen, M. D., D. P. H. ANY alcoholic drinks contain, most of it undoubtedly would be lost. besides• alcohol and water, cer- The Food Value of Brandy and Absinth tain small amounts, sometimes mere traces, of sugar, malt, and Genuine brandy is obtained by distilling various other constituents. Therefore grape wine. " It contains about fifty per when considering the possible food value cent of alcohol, the remainder of the liq- of an alcoholic beverage, we must take uor being water, in which are held va- into consideration these accessory con- rious secondary products, including acids, stituents besides the alcohol itself. The aldehydes, ethers, furfurol, and higher al- amount of nourishment found in most cohols."— Parkes and Kenwood. Again intoxicating drinks is trifling indeed, and excluding alcohol, we have left the merest almost of negligible character. trace of food material, if any at all. The Food Value of Beers The Food Value of Wine For the moment we shall omit all con- Of all fermented liquors, beer and its sideration of the hypothetical value of associates, stout, ale, and porter, contain alcohol as a food, and turn our attention the largest percentage of food substance, to these other constituents which are as seen from the following analyses from found in varying percentages in different " Foods : Their Composition and Analy- spirituous liquors. " A liter of average sis," by A. Wynter Blyth, M. R. C. S., wine," according to Gautier, " contains F. C. S.: — the following proportions of the principal Malt Carbonic Extract Alcohol Acid Water materials fit to provide us with energy %. % by their combustion : "— London porter 6.8 6.g 86.3 Scotch ale ... 10.9 8.5 0.15 80.45 Grams White beer, Alcohol 8o Berlin . 5.7 1.7 o.6 91.8 Glycerin 6 Sweet beer, Sugars, etc 1.5 Brunswick 14.0 1.36 Gums, dextrin, etc 84.7 Cream of tartar 2 No mention is made in this work The total amount of the possibility of food material of the presence of obtainable from all WATER arsenic in beers these materials, sometimes in suf- except alcohol, is ficient quantity to ME= 10.5 grams, or a A cause disease, and little more than I .M MALT OR OMER F000 MATERIAL CZ2FEZZA ALCM,. even fatal results. per cent. But even A. Glass of malt (air-dried), contains no alcohol For the sake of and 83.5% of food value. this small percent- B. Glass of London porter, contains 6.9% of alco- comparison, let us age is a theoretical hol and 6.8% of food material. look at the compo- and doubtful quan- C. Glass of wine (average), contains 8% of alco- sition of both bar- hol and 1.5% of food material. tity, and under or- D. Glass of brandy, contains 5o% of alcohol ley and malt before dinary conditions and practically no food material. it has undergone 69 70 LIFE AND HEALTH fermentation, with the consequent pro- actually diminishes it. Any healthy man duction of alcohol. The analyses are is stronger in the lifting power of his from Blyth. muscles without the use of alcoholic beverages, even though the dose is a very The Composition of Barley and Malt moderate one. The scientific experi- Barley Malt air-dried air-dried ments of Krxpelin, Dr. Parkes, of Netley, Per cent Per cent and others show that alcohol in small or Dextrin (a form of sugar) 5.6 8.o Starch 67.0 58.1 large doses does not improve a man's Sugar 0.5 physical or even mental efficiency. Cellulose (fibrous matter) 9.6 144 For this reason athletes when training Albuminous substances 12.1 13.6 Fatty substances 2 6 2.2 for the purpose of doing feats of strength, Ash, etc. 3.1 3.2 such as cycle- or boat-races, running, and throwing the hammer, exclude all 100.0 100.0 intoxicating beverages from their bill of Now look at the analyses of the beers fare. The same is true of walkers, swim- again, and note the small amount of mers, and indeed, as far as we know, of nourishment that they contain, even in all athletes. the case of the sweet beer, which has but If wine or even beer possessed any a small trace of alcohol, and is for all strength-giving properties, then surely practical purposes a watery solution of our athletes by this time would have malt. Surely no one would be so ex- found it out, and would take such drinks travagant as to advocate beer as a food, for the purpose of increasing their seeing that the barley or malt can be ob- strength and endurance, but the contrary tained at a very much lower expense, is the case. and any one can stir up malt extract with Alcohol and Bodily Heat water and make a malt drink without wasting money on beer. When alcohol is taken into the system in any form, it enters the blood without Alcohol as a Fuel any further change, and it is recognized We have thus far considered only the by the living tissues as an intruder and accessory food constituents of a few of a poison. This is doubtless on account the more common alcoholic beverages, of its irritating influence. A certain per- and we have now to deal with alcohol it- centage of the alcohol is promptly got, self as a food. In the first place, we may rid of without any change whatever, most say that food nourishes the body in two of it passing away in the breath, and also ways — by furnishing building and re- through the kidneys and the skin. A pair material for the support of life; and varying percentage is burned in the body, as a fuel, the burning of which provides producing a small amount of heat, but heat and energy for doing muscular the heat thus obtained is actually less work. That alcohol is a fuel, although than that which is lost through the poi- an expensive one, is well known, for it sonous effect of the alcohol. By its para- burns readily even in the form of brandy lyzing effect upon certain controlling or whisky. But the question is, " Does nerve-centers in the brain, alcohol causes this necessarily make it a useful food ? " the blood-vessels of the skin to enlarge, If alcohol were fuel to the human body, thus flushing the skin with blood, and it ought to supply it with energy either hastening in a marked manner the loss in the form of increased strength and of heat from the body. That this process ability to do muscular work or in the is accompanied by a mild temporary glow form of increased animal warmth. Sci- of warmth in the skin is true. It makes entific research has shown us plainly that a man feel warmer, although he is really the use of alcoholic beverages does not colder ; for the truth is that it has a increase a man's ability to do muscular chilling effect upon him, the internal labor of any kind, but on the other hand temperature of the body falling with the STIMULANTS AND NARCOTICS 71

rise of the skin temperature, as Prof. ployees, and to the rotund and often G. Sims Woodhead has recently shown, florid barkeeper. But the stoutness of and the man actually has less heat after the beer drinker is an indication of low his indulgence, and therefore is less fit vitality and impaired strength, and not to withstand cold. good health. Alcohol, among its other Alcohol as Building Material evil effects, has a retarding influence upon We do not think that even the best the throwing off of waste matter from friends of alcohol claim that it possesses the body, and there is evidence to show any building material whatever for the that it interferes with excretion. Fur- human body ; and if no building material, thermore, alcohol also to a greater or then certainly it contains no repair ma- less extent interferes with the metabol- terial. Nitrogenous substances alone fur- ism, or life processes, of the living cell, nish the necessary material for the phys- and often leads to the storage of super- ical development of the growing child, fluous fat of a low order, which is really or for the repair of the worn-out tissues the beginning of obesity, or stoutness, a of the adult. disease to which beer drinkers are liable. But what about adipose tissue, or fat? We may then conclude that in any or- some one may ask ; and attention is drawn dinary or proper sense, alcohol is not to the portly brewer as well as his em- a food.

Alcohol and Tuberculosis the person, eighty-eight are committed when A PROMINENT English physician wrote to the person is actually drunk. seven hundred physicians inquiring as to the Effects of Tobacco Using as Attested by a relation of alcohol in tuberculosis, and he received answers from five hundred fifty-two to Physician the effect that the battle against alcoholism A PHYSICIAN by the name of Hochwart is should be considered the base of all serious quoted as saying that of his tobacco-using efforts against tuberculosis. patients about one third have nervous complaints. Of his heavy smokers, more than one half complain of unpleasant, rather stubborn Liquor in France nervous symptoms. Especially is this true of THERE is in France a liquor shop for every the heavy cigarette smokers, the nature of eighty or ninety inhabitants,—more than one- their trouble apparently being more obstinate half million of them. It is said that one half and longer lasting than that of the cigar smo- of the drinkers are afflicted with cerebral or kers. Frequently these patients complain of mental trouble. Of one hundred murderers, palpitation of the heart, general nervousness, fifty-two are intemperate; of every one hun- headache, vertigo, and not infrequently of in- dred incendiaries, fifty-nine are committed by somnia, tremor, specks before the eyes, intemperate persons; of every one hundred dyspepsia, and gastro-intestinal disturbances. vagabonds, seventy are intemperate; of every Many of the patients report to him that owing one hundred assaults to commit bodily harm, to one or more of these various complaints, ninety are committed by intemperate persons ; they had been forced to give up the use of of every one hundred acts of violence against tobacco to a greater or less extent. SOUPS Geo. E. Cornforth N the September LIFE AND good substitute for chicken broth can be HEALTH the editor speaks of made by using the broth from green peas, the lack of mineral matter in Lima beans, and baked peanuts. the diet which results from the Following are recipes for a few soups use of white bread, meat, and " boiled- which may be different from anything out vegetables." We .hope that the read- our readers have thought of : — ers who have been studying these lessons Bean Broth in cooking never serve boiled-out vege- Thoroughly wash one pint of pea-beans, and tables. But soups may be the class of put them to cook in two quarts or more of cold water. Bring them to a boil slowly, and simmer foods by which the mineral matter in gently for several hours, adding boiling water the diet may be increased ; for in soups if necessary, till the water in which the beans may well be used and saved much that are cooking becomes rich. Drain off the water, of which there should be not much is valuable to the body, but which is usu- more than one pint, season with salt, and it ally thrown away. is ready to serve. A few grains of thyme also may be used for seasoning. We often read at the end of a recipe for cooking vegetables, " Drain the When properly made, the broth is so string-beans [or asparagus or whatever rich that when it is cold it is jelly-like it may be], and add the seasoning." In in consistency. It is a nutritious and di- draining them, and often there is a con- gestible food for persons who must take siderable quantity of water to drain off, a liquid diet. much that is valuable in the vegetable The beans which are left may be made is thrown away; for the mineral matter into puree, and seasoned with salt and in vegetables readily dissolves in the cream or vegetable oil ; or they may be water in which they are cooked. Vege- seasoned with one teaspoonful of salt tables should be cooked, if possible, in so and two or three tablespoonfuls of oil, small a quantity of water that there -will and baked in a pan in the oven till nicely be no water to throw away when the browned on top. vegetables are done. If there is more Split-pea broth is made in a similar water left than is desired to serve with manner, and is even more delicious than the vegetable, save it for making soup or the bean broth. bouillon. Delicious bouillon can be made It is too bad that in making flour, so by simply mixing together the water in much that is valuable as food is removed which different vegetables have been from the wheat. But by using bran in cooked, such as string-beans, peas, as- making soup-stock, we can get that of paragus, onions, cabbage, Lima beans, which our systems have been deprived potatoes, baked peanuts. To the water if we have been living on white bread. a little strained tomato may be added, a Bran Broth I cup wheat bran little thyme or summer savory, and, slice of onion if it is desired to make it a little richer, small stalk celery, chopped a little raw or cooked peanut butter; small carrot, chopped A few drops of caramel or each quart of the bouillon may be Put all except the caramel to cook in one thickened with one and one-half table- quart cold water, and simmer slowly till there spoonfuls of flour stirred with one and is about one pint of broth left. Strain through cheese-cloth. Add salt and caramel, one-half tablespoonfuls of oil. A very reheat and serve. 72 HEALTHFUL COOKERY 73

Caramel is something which is valu- lettuce, cream cucumber, and cream corn able to keep on hand for coloring and soups. Stewing lettuce, celery, or cu- flavoring soups and gravies. cumber as is usually done in making these soups changes the flavor. This Caramel method retains more of the flavor of the To make it, put one cup sugar to cook in one-fourth cup water over a hot fire. Keep fresh vegetable : — it boiling, watching it closely, until it has turned a dark-brown color, has a caramel Cream Celery Soup odor, and looks almost as if it is scorching, 2 stalks celery. (Tough outside stalks will but be careful not to scorch it. Have a little do.) boiling water ready, and when the sugar has quart milk reached the right point, pour the water into tablespoonful flour the caramel, being careful that it does not tablespoonful oil spatter on you. The water will harden the teaspoonful salt caramel. Allow it to cook till the caramel dissolves. It should then be an almost black Grind the celery through a food chopper, liquid, and is ready for use. It may be put being sure to save any juice that runs out into a bottle, and will keep indefinitely. of the chopper. Steep the celery in the milk in a double boiler one-half hour. Strain out Bran-Stock Vegetable Soup the celery. Press well to extract all the A vegetable soup can be made by making a juice. Put the liquid back into the double stock out of the bran, then cooking in the boiler and heat again to boiling. Thicken stock with the flour stirred smooth with a little cold milk. Stir in oil and salt. cup tomatoes small stalk celery, chopped Cream Lettuce Soup onion, chopped small carrot, chopped Follow directions for cream celery soup, Small piece of turnip, chopped using four large lettuce leaves instead of the small potato, chopped celery. tablespoonful oil Cream Cucumber Soup Simmer all together about two hours. (The Follow directions for cream celery soup, good flavor of a vegetable soup depends upon using one medium cucumber instead of the long cooking.) Season with salt, summer celery. The cucumber need not be peeled. savory, and a few drops of caramel. Cream Watercress Soup Spinach or Asparagus Cream Broth Follow directions for cream celery soup, Season the water in which spinach or as- using a few sprigs of watercress instead of paragus has been cooked, with cream and salt. the celery. Serve hot. Cream Corn Soup The spinach water should not be too Follow directions for cream celery soup, strong, or it will not be palatable. It using one cup corn scraped from the cob, should be diluted with water till it has instead of the celery; and instead of merely a mild flavor. Just a little spinach water straining the corn out of the milk after steep- ing, rub the corn through a colander, and added to gravies or to vegetable soups use the pulp in the soup. gives them a meaty flavor. Both spinach Half water may be used in these soups, and asparagus water are too valuable to but they will not be so rich. be thrown away. Beet Cream Soup Cream Peanut Soup Chop one large beet very fine or grind it r pint milk, or i cup milk and i cup water through a food chopper, taking care not to tablespoonful peanut butter lose any of the juice. Add to it two and 2 tablespoonfuls shredded coconut one-half cups milk. Steep in a double boiler 2 teaspoonfuls flour fifteen or twenty minutes or longer after it teaspoonful salt reaches scalding temperature. Strain out the Rub the nut butter smooth with the liquid. beet, pressing it well to extract all the flavor. Add the coconut. Steep fifteen or twenty Return the soup to the double boiler. Reheat, minutes in a double boiler. Strain out the and thicken with one tablespoonful of flour coconut. Reheat, and thicken with the flour stirred smooth with a little cold milk. Add stirred smooth with a little cold water. Add salt and one tablespoonful of oil. salt. The following method seems to me to Nut Chowder cup diced potato be a great improvement over the usual tablespoonful diced onion method of making cream celery, cream tablespoonful oil 74 LIFE AND HEALTH

cup water Cook potato and browned onion in three- ri cups hot milk quarter cup water till potato is tender. Add cup diced nut cheese remaining ingredients, and heat together a few teaspoonful salt minutes. Cook onion in the oil till tender. Add the Macaroni Cream Soup water and potato, and cook till potato is tender. Add remaining ingredients. Fine macaroni, especially nice for use in soups, can be had in the shape of rice, seeds, The recipe for making the nut cheese shells, rings, letters, stars, and other shapes. was given in the lesson on " Meat Sub- z tablespoonful of one of these kinds, or of stitutes " in the August number of LIFE ordinary macaroni broken into small pieces cup potato, chopped fine AND HEALTH. cup onion, chopped fine r pint hot milk Corn Chowder I teaspoonful salt can corn, or an equal quantity of fresh tablespoonful chopped parsley corn, or cup dried corn stewed till tender Cook macaroni, potato, and onion in one (The dried corn makes the best chowder.) pint water till all are tender. Add remaining r cup diced potato ingredients. r small onion diced, and cooked in j tablespoonful oil The next issue will contain other choice r pint hot milk teaspoonful salt recipes for soups.

Arrangement of utensils for easily putting food through a colander. EDIT Q P1AL ALCOHOL AND NARCOTICS HE American Society for the Study of Alcohol and Other Narcotics, 011 which met at the Hotel Raleigh, Washington, D. C., December to, II, gave unmistakable evidence of gratifying progress in the number of eminent and capable medical men who are interesting themselves in a careful study of the effects and use of narcotics, as shown by the splendid array of papers which were presented on various phases of the subject. Many of these men have had long experience in the treatment of inebriates and victims of drug habits, or they have been connected with State hospitals and psychopathic wards, having had in this way an excellent opportunity to study the effects of alcohol or other narcotics on the production of mental degeneracy, and vice versa. A remarkable paper by Dr. Alfred Gordon, late professor of mental diseases in Jefferson Medical College, gave the history of fourteen children of non-alcoholic parents which he had carefully studied for a number of years. Through environment these children formed the drink habit and became physical, mental, and moral wrecks. And he believes, although he did not attempt to prove it, that if these children have progeny they will be similarly afflicted. In other words, he seems to tend strongly to the view that alcohol produces hereditary degeneracy, and that race degeneracy is not necessary to produce alcoholism. Dr. B. C. Keister, superintendent of the Keister Home Sanitarium, Roanoke, Va., gave a remarkable array of statistics on the alcohol question, and called attention to the fact that the government spends large sums in stamping out tuberculosis, yellow fever, and other diseases, and yet we allow a greater parasite, the drug habits, to make inroads on the nation, with scarcely an effort to protest. The liquor bill, he says, is fifty-five dollars a year for every man, woman, and child, to say nothing of the misery, destitution, suicides, and murders due to this cause, and the almshouses, jails, reformatories, and insane asylums that are necessary largely because of this evil. Another startling phase of the alcohol question, as stated by Dr. Keister, is that the farm products consumed in the United States in the manufacture of liquors would feed the poor of the entire world. If this is a fact, or anywhere near a fact, is it not itself a challenge to our civilization, and a demand that we do more than we ever have for the eradication of this evil? Dr. L. F. Kehler, chief of the drug division, United States Department of Agriculture, gave a brief history of the introduction of morphin and cocain and other drugs, and of the rapid spread of the drug habits, and of the ineffectual attempts that have since been made to stay the evil. Dr. C. J. Douglas, superintendent of the Douglas Sanitarium, Boston, Mass., laid particular emphasis on the fact that it is physicians (not all physicians by any means, but a comparatively few careless ones) who are responsible for the 75 76 LIFE AND HEALTH

spread of the morphin habit. Through carelessness, or indifference, or want of appreciation of the risk involved, they put one or other of these dangerous drugs into the hands of patients ; moreover, many physicians are themselves victims of one or more of these habits, and a physician is very likely to prescribe what he habitually uses. Sometimes, needing a little bracing up, or thinking he needs it, he takes a drug which he has right at hand, and before he knows it, he is ir- reparably a victim of the drug habit, and he finds himself giving freely to his patients what he himself uses. Fortunately, it is a small minority of physicians who do this, and yet there is a greater proportion of physicians who are drug victims than of any other profession. Dr. Douglas suggests as a precaution to physicians that they never give a prescription for such a drug to be filled at a drug store, but, if necessary to use it at all, that they dispense it themselves and never tell the patients what they are giving; and he thinks it is folly to prescribe morphin, for instance, in nervous disorders, insomnia, and the like. Hamilton Wright, special delegate from the United States to the Interna- tional Opium Conference, gave a brief but very illuminating resume of the history of the international action against the international opium trade. The United States, which has been the foremost government to urge upon other governments the passing of stringent opium laws, has been the very last government to pass any effective legislation. Although even Persia now has its adequate opium laws, the United States is still without such legislation, though there are now three bills intended to cover this defect pending before Congress. The American Society for the Study of Alcohol and Other Narcotics passed a resolution urging the passing of these bills. Dr. T. D. Crothers, superintendent of the Walnut Lodge Hospital, Hart- ford, Conn., gave an account of a series of cases of alcoholic amnesia, or loss of memory, showing what a profound change in the cerebral and mental condition may be brought about sometimes by a comparatively small quantity of alcohol. Dr. Toni A. Williams read a paper showing that many who were supposed to be insane on account of alcohol in reality flew to alcohol because of an already existent psychopathy quite different from the confused psychosis due to alcohol, which is a strictly temporary state; and Dr. William A. White, of the Govern- ment Hospital for Insane, seemed to believe that the statement by some that thirty per cent of the insanity is due to alcohol is an exaggeration; he believed that ten per cent would be more nearly right. The subject of alcohol and heredity was considered, also the results of certain experiments on rabbits, and a number of other very interesting topics which it would be impossible to bring within the limits of this short description. Altogether, it is a favorable sign of the times when busy physicians will devote time and expense to a meeting of this kind in order that a careful and unbiased study of the effects of alcohol on the human system may be prosecuted.

:re THE SLUM - IS IT THE CAUSE OR THE RESULT OF DELINQUENCY? NE of the great problems of the modern city is the slum — 0 no ! possibly your beautiful city has no slum. That claim has been made in a number of instances by proud citizens who looked askance at the slums of other cities; but in every instance, I think, where the matter has been investi- gated, whether in the large or small city, the town, or the country village, the slum has been found, and those who have obtained a vision of its awful significance are emphatic in the declaration that the slum is a blot on our civilization. Its tendency is to physical, mental, and moral degeneracy. Some have thought that if the slums could be removed; if the blind alleys could be converted into playgrounds ; if the miserable shacks could be replaced by inexpensive but sanitary dwellings, at a modest rental, the problem would be largely solved. Under better sanitary conditions, and with the influence of the playground, the public school, and the neighborhood settlement brought to the doors of the poor, these unfortunate people could be lifted above their degradation. Others there are who believe that if all the slums in a town were removed this year, they would be restored the next. Because of low wages and high land values, and of the avarice of landlords, and of " thrifty " tenants who live in unspeakable conditions in order to save enough of their earnings to get back to the fatherland with a competence, there is the tendency in every community for the slum to form; and the process is going on constantly. Moreover, there is a portion of the community whose civilization, whose appreciation, whose capacity, is not nor can be raised above the level of the slums. The enlightening study of a feeble-minded family with large ramifications, by Dr. H. H. Goddard, of the Vineland Training-school for Feeble-minded Children, which he has recently published,1 would give some support to this latter view. There are people whom no education, no housing, no charity of whatever kind, would enable to make their own way in society. They are mental if not moral degenerates, and they breed true and breed like rabbits. Their helpless and dependent progeny increase at a more rapid rate than the progeny of normal individuals. The slum may possibly have an influence in the first place in starting these degenerate lines. That can only be surmised ; but the feeble-minded certainly have a large part in the perpetuation of the slum; and there is therefore the complicated problem of adequate sanitation and housing and education for those normal people who are merely the victims of their environment, and the segregation of those feeble-minded persons who are bound to breed if they are at liberty, and who will invariably beget a posterity that will be a public charge,— feeble-minded, helpless, sometimes tending to crime, always to immorality,— a festering sore in the midst of our civilization. On the other hand, these children,— which they always are in intellect,— if segregated in suitable colonies while they are growing, can be made at least partially self-supporting; and in the happy, care-free condition (for they are usually as happy as children) they cease to be a menace. And if all of one generation could be segregated, the problem would rapidly diminish.

1 " The Kallikak Family," the Macmillan Company, publishers. 77 78 LIFE AND HEALTH

The important factor for us to consider is that these feeble-minded children are in all our public schools, trying there to obtain an education that can be of no use to them, and leaving school discouraged, vindictive, and often in a mood to begin a life of petty crime. The teachers think that " they could learn if they would only pay attention." There is the difficulty ; they have no capacity for attention, no capacity to understand the abstract. And yet to the superficial ob- server they often may pass for bright children. The worst is that their children (and they will surely have them if they live) and their children's children, generation after generation, will in like manner be feeble-minded. And we, the tax- payers, foot the bills for the support of this rapidly propagating tribe of ineffi- cients, instead of putting a stop to it by segregation.

SECOND Nrirtoiv et, CONTA-RENC.f ON xoUSING I ni 13,,e,ocq Dbc

THE SECOND ANNUAL HOUSING CONFERENCE, Y. M. C. A. BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, DECEMBER, 1912 This meeting of the National Housing Association was devoted very largely to the consideration of the slum. " TENNESSEE, Feb. 20, 1912. The Medicine THE conscience of Faker a t h e patent-medicine "Prof. H. Samuels, Wichita, Kans. Moral Imbecile faker is on a par with "DEAR SIR: I am sending the treatment back which you sent my wife some time ago. She that of the highwayman who is deter- is dead now. The treatment you sent her made mined to have money, and does not hesi- her worse, and I can prove it. She never used it but six times, and she got worse right tate to kill his victim in order to get it. straight. Now I enclose your treatment back This is no exaggeration. to you, and I want my money back. If you When a man can dispense an ounce do not, I am going to pull you for sending something that made my wife worse. There of a weak solution of sugar and salt for have others told me that I could, but I won't $5, selling it perhaps to some poverty- bother you if you will send my money back; stricken but confiding person to whom and if you do not, I will see what I can do with you. he claims that it will cure about all " Awaiting your quick reply, I am, known ills, he is capable of any degra- " Yours very truly, dation in order to get money. Such a " W. F. S." man belongs in the class with moral im- Doubtless the " professor " gets hun- beciles, though his mental condition and dreds of such letters from patients, but cunning may be above the average. probably his skin has become so hardened " Professor " Samuels some time ago that he pays very little attention to such went from the West to start up a mail- pitiful appeals. Here is another : order business in Detroit. No sooner OHIO, Jan. 21, 1912 had he got well started there than a "Professor Samuels, Wichita, Kans. public prosecutor was on his track. This " DEAR SIR : I am sorry to tell you that my father is dead; and if you have not sent that official seized the card index of Mr. medicine, please hold same and return our Samuel's victims, present and prospec- money, as we need it under present circum- tive, and carried off a barrel of sugar and stances. " We are greatly in need of money now, and a bin of salt, we are told. Well, Samuels if you will send our money back, please do so. has gone back to the West, hoping they " If you have a small boy, you may put yourself in our condition, and think if you will receive him more kindly there, but were to die and leave the boy and wife to take he is not wanted there by the decent care of themselves. people. " You see my father was a poor working man, and put all of his hope in your medicine ; Some may wonder how such a palpable so if you will please send our money back, fraud is able to do business. He does it we shall be very grateful to you. " Yours truly, by the astounding claims he makes, and " H. S. P. by the remarkable testimonials he is able " P. S. We ask your sympathy in our to publish. To the confiding public these trouble." testimonials seem to be honest, but there Do you think a man who would send are some communications that have come out a solution of sugar and salt for five to " Professor " Samuels which he does dollars an ounce would pay any attention not publish. We give below a few which to such heart-rending appeals? Not he. are said to be true copies of the originals He is not in the business for his health which are held in the office of the Amer- — or anybody's else health. He is in ican Medical Association. This is one the one business of getting five-dollar example : bills, and he gets them. It is possible that 79 80 LIFE AND HEALTH

even some reader of LIFE AND HEALTH by its success justified the faith of its has made a cheerful donation to Samuels pioneer, and now it is coming into more at some time, or if not to him, to some or less general use ; and by liberal diet one equally a rascal. is meant a more generous diet than the The opportunity that these men have average outdoor worker generally eats. to live off of the woes of others comes It is surprising how well patients seem to from the fallacy so deeply implanted thrive on these heavy rations. among the people that disease can be As stated editorially in the Journal A. cured by something in a bottle. This is M. A., the daily use of a quart of milk, a fallacy that LIFE AND HEALTH is at- a pint of cream, six or seven ounces of tempting from month to month to eradi- milk-sugar, several eggs, toast, butter, cate. cereals, potato, custards, and apple sauce, Here is another pathetic letter show- — in short, a dietary calculated to more ing how much faith these poor dupes than satisfy the appetite of the ordinary have in depraved human nature : — healthy man,— in a disease supposed to " IDAHO, May 16, Ica" call for most careful sparing of the gas- " Professor Samuels. tro-intestinal canal, has evoked a silent "DEAR SIR: Received you letter, but Mr. L. was dead. He passed away May 6; kept up protest or even mild reproof. with your medicine until the last day. Used "It has been well said, however, that things only half of one month's treatment. Will you move along so rapidly nowadays that the people take back the medicine that is left, and send who say it can not be done are often inter- me some of the money back, at least $15 of it, rupted by some one doing it." as I am a widow with three children? Now need the money badly. Please let me know And they are doing it, feeding patients about it as soon as possible. I have the medi- liberally, but they are careful to avoid cine in a cool, dark place. " Yours respectfully, decomposition. " MRS. A. L." " Meat is excluded, but easily digested carbo- What sublime confidence ! Do you hydrates are abundant, and fats are liberally administered in palatable forms and furnish suppose he would return the fifteen dol- contribution to the energy intake. In its lars for stuff that cost him but a few make-up the diet is decidedly antiputrefactive cents at the most ? — No, indeed ! His in character." business is to get money. He has a very Undoubtedly, in order to have such flourishing proposition from his stand- quantities of food taken by the patient point, and what is his concern about the and eaten with that gusto which will widows and orphans ? make for good digestion, the highest skill And Samuels is one of those who hate of a sympathetic and well-trained nurse the so-called " medical trust," for he real- is required. izes that an organization of scientific medical men will sooner or later bring The Dollar and AT the fourth Inter- about a condition of intelligence among the Death-Rate national Conservation the laity that will drive such people as Congress held in Indianapolis, Mr. Rit- he to the wall. tenhouse, of the Equitable Life Assur- 1Y. ance Company, stated in his paper a fact Liberal Diet in IT must have taken which should impress itself on the Amer- Typhoid considerable courage ican citizen. His thesis may be summa- on the part of the first person who un- rized in one brief quotation : — dertook the liberal feeding of typhoid " It takes money to carry out a great edu- patients when the usually accepted opin- cational movement, and it takes money to con- ion was that starvation or semistarvation duct a public health service. The war with preventable disease and death is therefore a was the proper procedure. But the lib- struggle between the dollar and the death- eral dietary, although it met with more rate." or less vigorous protest and remon- For $1.50 per capita a year, we are strance and predictions of disaster, has told, " any community can practically AS WE SEE IT 81

banish those diseases. We now have the Horace Greeley's penmanship, which he means of prevention, and can greatly re- did not pretend to read when it was dry, duce the number of deaths from all and beside which the fly tracks on paper causes." would be beauty marks. Those who Some time ago we called attention to were admirers of Horace Greeley, would the fact that Cuba, which we are apt to very likely suppose this poor writing was regard as a semibarbarous nation, has a mark of genius, and no doubt some of given more latitude to its national health his admirers unconsciously became poor service than we have given to ours, and penmen. has paid more per capita for public Once in a' while there is an odd genius health ; and its death-rates show much with long hair. The hair is no mark of more favorably than ours. For instance, genius, but of weakness ; an evidence of in Havana where they have done their a desire to be observed, to be odd, to best work in the matter of sanitation, the differ from others. But some of his ad- death-rate is now eleven, which is better mirers note the long hair as a conspicu- than in any of our cities. ous point in which he differs from the On the isthmus we can see the com- ordinary man, and they perhaps let their mercial value of saving life; and being hair grow. The disciples of any great willing to pay out liberally, we have a man are more likely to adopt his ec- most efficient health service there. But centricities and weaknesses than his here at home the dollar still looms up strong characteristics. larger than the individual life, at least Mark Twain was a genius as a writer, in most places, and we need a campaign and like other geniuses he had his weak- of education which will enable all our nesses, among them some habits which people and our lawmakers to realize the doubtless helped to shorten his life. importance of an efficient health service, Possibly some of his admirers imagine as well as efficient fire departments and that by following his habits of smoking police departments. As against less and drinking they can thereby acquire than one cent per capita up to per- some of his literary style. haps ten or eleven cents per capita Mark Twain undoubtedly knew that as we find in the United States, Cuba these habits were hurting him, but in expends for public health forty cents per his genial way he excused them, though capita, and this will explain its dimin- in such a grotesque manner that the ex- ished death-rate. With our boasted civi- cuses are actually an argument against lization, we still value dollars more than what they appear to uphold. We give life. herewith a Philadelphia editor's account of Mark Twain's opinion of bad hab- Mark Twain's WE like to imitate its : Bad Habits great men. It gives " The first time I interviewed Mark, I was us somewhat of a feeling of greatness to smoking a cigarette, and I apologized for this. ' It's a bad habit, I know, sir,' I said humbly. be associated with them in any of their Why, that's all right,' said Twain ; I like characteristics. We do not always real- to see young men have bad habits. I like ize that about the only point in which to see them stir around and accumulate all of them they can. A man is like a balloon, we can imitate the great is in their weak- and his bad habits are his ballast. Now, sup- nesses, for every great man has his weak- pose he's taken suddenly down sick. He throws nesses and his foibles. And usually when off some ballast; throws off, we'll say, the habit of smoking, and in a little while he's we are not blinded by his good qualities, up and about again. But if he's very sick, the weak points stand out' quite as boldly and the throwing off of smoking doesn't bring him around, he gets rid of more ballast; gets as the strong ones. With most of us, rid, say, of the booze habit, and if even then however, the genius seems to cast a halo he isn't cured, he must throw off still more of sanctity around the failings. ballast ; so. that you can see easily enough what a fine thing it is for his health to have Some of us have seen samples of as many bad habits as possible. But if he has 82 LIFE AND HEALTH no bad habits and is taken sick, not being in intelligence, or because of our obsti- equipped with any ballast to throw off, the chances are that the unfortunate fellow will nacy in persisting in a practise which a die.' " few men have pronounced unhealthful, tV or both. We will submit, however, that Superb Health and IT was not altogether if heads were counted, it would be found Efficiency an accident that Col. that the habit of eating breakfast is prac- Theodore Roosevelt escaped the effects tically universal. Not to quibble over the of the assassin's bullet. A constitution fact that the first meal of the day, no weakened by poisons and excesses might matter at what hour, is literally a break- not have withstood the strain. As stated fast, it is perhaps a fact that much more by the Outlook, Mr. Roosevelt's " life- than nine tenths of our population eat long temperate habits and careful phys- within one or two hours of rising. And ical culture had endowed him with a the vast majority of this number would physique capable of resisting a shock have to hunt a long time to find any which would have been fatal to a body " physical woes " which could be directly poisoned by vice and enervated by lux- traced to the practise. The very wording ury." And no one more fully realized of the above quotation is justification for this fact than his chief attendant physi- the sentence just above it. cian, who said : — The writer of this no-breakfast plea goes on : " His superb physical condition, due to outdoor exercise and habitual abstinence from " These humans may have dined heavily at liquor and tobacco, as well as his simplicity midnight on ox haunches, grilled and spiced. of diet, accounts for the small effect produced Regardless of this, at eight or nine o'clock in upon him during his long speech while suffer- the morning the weary fast of a few hours ing from such a severe shock." must be broken." Mr. Roosevelt is one of the compara- And then all the ills that follow are be- tively few men who have realized the cause of the early breakfast, not of the immense value of superb health as a pre- late heavy supper ! There is nothing so requisite of efficiency, and who have so potent as an idea, a dogma, a propaganda. lived as to conserve and build up that It needs not facts, it needs not science, efficiency. It is his careful mode of life it needs but the fertile brain in which that has helped to make him what he is it was hatched. conceded to be by the mass of his coun- W W trymen, the representative American. White and IN the Journal of s.V stt Standard Bread Hygiene (England), Why Eat IT is refreshing, if June 2, are given the details of some Breakfast? not a little stimula- experiments relative to the digestibility ting (stimulant and irritant are synony- of white and whole-meal breads, from mous), sometimes to have the opportu- the conclusions of which the following nity to " see ourselves as others see us." is quoted: — A very esteemed contemporary, appar- " With regard to digestibility the informa- ently more given to the defense of a tion given by the experiments may be looked upon as conclusive. The four individuals who dogma than to the search for truth, eases ate the breads varied greatly in physical type, itself with the following statement: — and the two forms of bread were taken by all under strictly comparable conditions. " A few human donkeys, with their brains " As measured by energy and protein the laid away in camphor, still persist in eating degree of absorption in different individuals breakfast, regardless of the physical woes after- showed a marked uniformity. . . . The re- ward." sults as a whole lend no support to any ex- As we are among that number that per- treme view as to the advantages or disad- vantages possessed by standard bread, at any sist and will probably continue to persist, rate as regards the availability of the main we feel called upon to say a few words. and more familiar food constituents. We are not just certain as to whether we " With respect to the availability of the total energy, white bread and standard bread are donkeys in the sense of being lacking differ but little. With regard to the protein AS WE SEE IT 83 there is a distinct advantage on the side of tures of instinct, and that since by in- the white bread, some 3.5 per cent more of its N-content being absorbed. On the other hand, stinct nature has evolved man to his pres- the experiments lend no support to the belief ent adult state, the process must still be that the phosphorus compounds of bread of a good one to follow. the' standard type are worse absorbed than those of white bread, so that the former con- The Boston Medical and Surgical tains an appreciably larger amount not only Journal of October 3 mildly takes issue of total, but of available phosphorus." with the learned doctor in the following It would seem from this that there is language : — no great reason to believe that white bread is a food entirely robbed of its " We suspect that Dr. Hutchinson does not mean all that is implied in his statements. It nutriment. However, such clinical evi- may be true that man has evolved by obeying dence as is given by Grenfell on the his instincts, but part of his success is dependent upon his control of instinct both for effect of white bread on the inhabitants himself and for his children. It does not pay of Labrador, would seem to indicate that for an individual to repeat all the costly ex- when white bread is the main article of periments of the race which has reached its position by having made the sacrifice necessary diet over long periods, it is distinctly in- for those experiments, and then avoiding them ferior to the whole-wheat bread. in the future." 1,1 A statement in the Medical Record of Terminal FOR some time there the same week, not intended especially Disinfection? has been a growing for Woods Hutchinson, is, however, so conviction on the part of certain health apt that we can not forbear quoting it officers that terminal disinfection is an in this connection : — unnecessary procedure, and in some " The public should be warned particularly against those writers [and speakers — ED.] places there has been a lessening or an whose glittering and epigrammatic style en- abolition of the practise of this method ; ables them to give force to teachings that are and where fumigation after cases of founded neither on close observation nor on sound reflection." diphtheria and scarlet fever has been re- itt duced by one half or entirely abolished, Simpler WE rejoice with the there has been no great increase, if any, Phraseology editor of the Journal in the number of secondary cases. A. M. A. that there is a tendency among In the Canal Zone the practise of fumi- scientific writers, and latterly even among gation after cases of this kind has been writers of medicine, to use simpler lan- entirely given up. The clothing has been guage. It would seem that these writers sent to the laundry, the mattress and have finally learned that the use of cum- pillows sterilized, and the woodwork and bersome and bombastic language adds lit- floors washed with a germicide. tle to the dignity and detracts much from P.;. • the clearness of the article. It is refresh- Pyrotechnic DR. WOODS HUTCH- ing to learn that a disease has a " cause " Hygiene INSON is a jewel as rather than an " etiological factor," and Instruction a talker. No one will that a patient can " lie down " fully as question that. He has a style that in- easily as he can " assume a recumbent variably captivates the public, a kind of posture." Often in reading a medical sugar coating which makes what he has article, I have thought the author was to say go down the easier, and gives trying to hide a barrenness of ideas be- force to some statements that a discern- hind a multiplicity of ponderous words. ing public might otherwise pass by with- Big words do sound so " scientific," you out further thought. During the recent know, and often the " big words " are hygiene congress, the doctor again put put together without any care for, or himself in the limelight by announcing knowledge of, good English usage. that children should be allowed to do Good plain English, in simple sentences, exactly as they please, justifying his po- and correctly written, will find far more sition on the basis that children are crea- appreciative readers than such attempts. •

THE editor can not treat patients by mail. Those who are seriously ill need the services of a physician to make a personal examination and watch the progress of the case. But he will, in reply to questions sent in by subscribers, give promptly by mail brief general directions or state healthful principles on the following conditions: — r. That questions are written on a separate sheet addressed to the editor, and not mixed in with business matters. 2. That they are legible and to the point. 3. That the request is accompanied by return postage. In sending in questions, please state that you are a subscriber, or a regular purchaser from one of our agents; or if you are not, accompany your queries with the price of a subscription to LIFE AND HEALTH. This service is not extended to those who are not regular readers. Such questions as are of general interest will, after being answered by mail, also be answered in this department. runner of dyspepsia. There are hundreds of Cold Feet.—" What treatment should be given persons that grow up with the feeling that they for those who are troubled with cold feet can not eat this or they can not eat that, and during the day, but are warm enough at their lives are made miserable until some of night? How should the feet be protected them are fortunate enough to learn later that from corns and chilblains in a cold cli- the "can not" is all an imagination. If the mate?" articles are really not good for Johnnie, you The use of felt shoes, well lined, and pro- would better not have them on the table or in tected by rubbers when outside, should protect your pantry. against cold feet and also chilblains, and certainly corns should never form when felt shoes Short Lunch Time.—" What must one do who are worn. has only half an hour for lunch?" Get more than half an hour, or do without Corsets.—" Do you consider the corsets worn the lunch. In European countries where they at the present time proper and healthful?" are not altogether given to the scramble for I do not. dollars, the banks, post-offices, and the like Floating Kidney.—" I have a floating kidney, close for three hours at noontime in order to and am wearing an abdominal supporter give time for the digestion of a decent dinner. One hour is little enough. If one has eaten a with a pad of cheese-cloth below the ribs. proper dinner, the chances are at the end of Do you think this is of any use in such one hour he is hardly as fit for work as he cases? How many of my pains and aches was before the meal. Most certainly if he do you think I can lay to this kidney? " attempts to eat anything worth while in half Sometimes an abdominal supporter, by sup- an hour, he is not doing himself justice. porting all the abdominal organs, may keep a floating kidney in place. Sometimes nothing Emaciation.—" I have had bronchitis for sev- will seem to relieve it but a surgical opera- eral years, but have recovered with the ex- tion. It is quite probable that some of your ception of my neck, which remains very thin, aches and pains are due to a floating kidney. and there are indentions in the chest and a prominent collar-bone. Is there anything Teaching Self-Control.—" How am I to teach that will fill out the neck and chest after Johnnie that certain articles of food are not bronchitis leaves them in such a condition?" good for him? " • In the first place, by not having the articles I fear you have had something besides bron- on the table. In this matter, as in all others, chitis. I would suggest that you use more fats. example is far better than precept. In some The most easily digested fat is cream or butter, families the prohibition to the children would although olive-oil, and perhaps some other oils, almost seem to be determined by the cost of may be a help in this line. The sinking away the articles, and Johnnie must not eat certain you speak of is not a sinking away of muscle, expensive articles, or at least eat very spar- but of the fatty, tissues. Use quite freely, also, ingly of them, and often the statement is made of easily digested starchy foods, such as well- that it would not be good for Johnnie to eat baked potato, thoroughly cooked rice, toasted more of this or that food. It is a question bread, and use quite freely of milk and eggs, sometimes whether this instilling into the and as far as possible live an outdoor life. mind of the young person that such and such Pains in the Spleen.—" What is the cause articles are not good for him, is not a fore- and remedy for sharp pains in the spleen ?" 84 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 85

It is a question whether the pains you refer thoroughly believe and practise what ou to are in the spleen, or in the angle of the preach. One remembers with a smile the colon right under the spleen, due to the pres- father who uses tobacco, and yet counsels his ence of gas causing a stretching. This could boy not to use it because it is harmful, or be determined only from a personal examina- the parents who use tea and coffee, and say, tion. " These are not good for children." Such precepts do not " go " with the young folks; Granose for Babies.—" How should you feed and as soon as they are a little older, they granose flakes to a baby three months old?" follow the example rather than the precept. I should not feed it granose flakes. When a It is often a question whether the precept in baby is five months old, a granose biscuit or these cases is not a measure of economy, and similar partly dextrinized food, possibly a piece perhaps that is the way the children look of zwieback or lightly and carefully browned at it. cracker, may be given to a child without harm, as the child will moisten and partly digest the Clock or Appetite?—" Should one eat by the food without swallowing any solid matter, and clock or by his appetite? " it is possible that it helps in the development of The person who is very regular in his hab- the salivary flow. But flakes would certainly its will have an appetite that works like a be out of the question. There is nothing so clock. However, when for some reason one good as mother's milk for a child three months is not hungry at the regular time, it is better old. not to eat. A good rule is to await the appetite, and then Mr. Fletcher would have you Can Not Keep Food Down.—" My husband eat just what the appetite calls for, and chew has had trouble all summer keeping his food it until the taste is out of it. A most excel- and drink down. He can not drink cold milk lent rule, no doubt; but I can not say from or water. He eats and drinks, but im- experience. mediately vomits without being sick; has weighed three hundred fifteen pounds, but Brain Workers and Indigestion.—" Is it a has lost seventy pounds this summer. His fact that brain workers suffer more from physician thinks it is nervous trouble. Of indigestion than muscle workers?" late he has not been able even to keep his Not necessarily so. If brain workers take medicine down." adequate exercise, there is no reason why they Send him to the nearest sanitarium, and pos- should suffer from indigestion; but if they sibly a few months' treatment will put him in neglect to exercise, take inadequate lunch the way to recovery. hours, wash their food down, and worry over their business, especially while they are eat- Irregular Meals.—" Is there any reason for ing, dyspepsia is inevitable ; and probably most believing that ill health actually comes as the brain workers, or many of them, do just these result of irregular meals, such as one must things. necessarily take as a commercial traveler?" Undoubtedly the stomach works best when it Is Pellagra Curable? —" In the June issue has its regular time for working; it forms its you gave a general description of pellagra, habits. The same with sleep. The man who but no remedy. Is it curable? During sleeps two hours one night and twelve or fif- what stage of the disease may it be cured, teen the next night, and keeps that up, will and how? Is there any preventive against soon break up the habit of regular sleep, and pellagra for those in the tropics?" will eventually become a poor sleeper. One who Pellagra has been cured. We know of no never permits himself to pass his regular hour treatment that is specific — that can be relied of sleep forms a good habit. The same with upon to cure it. Under certain treatments, the meals. One who is always regular with his patients seem to have recovered; other pa- meals is much more likely to have a good ap- tients under the same treatments were but petite, and therefore, a good digestion, than little benefited. I do not think any one can one who is irregular. It is very often a fact point to any one thing and say positively that that a person at twelve o'clock is hungry, but it is curative of pellagra. On the other hand, missing his meal, he finds himself at one, two, we can not say that it is incurable. We are or three o'clock without an appetite. If he then hoping some day to find a positive cure for it. eats, he will not digest the food nearly so well Most emphatically, it is much easier to cure as if he had eaten when he was hungry. during the early stages of the disease than it is in the older stages. As we do not know Dietetic Instruction to Children.—" How what the cause of the disease is, we do not shall I teach my children the value of good know anything about its prevention. We are food, proper eating, slow eating, mastica- as much in the dark as we were regarding yel- tion, etc.? " low fever before we knew that it is transmitted By example. Do not once permit yourself by the means of the mosquito. We know, how- to do those things which you would not have ever, that pellagrins do much better if they are developed in them. Let them see that you taken to a cold climate.

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The Task of Social Hygiene, by Havelock children who in early life are familiarized Ellis. $2.50 net. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., with the Bible are not so apt to appreciate it Boston and New York. in later life as are those to whom it comes as The study of social hygiene, the author a comparative stranger when they arrive at tells us, means the study of those things which years of discretion. It is in this way that he concern the welfare of human beings living in accounts for the oft-observed fact that the societies. It is not a mere extension of san- children of ministers and pious people are apt itary science, neither is it an effort to set up to turn out badly. a sanitary bureau to oversee our breeding as But it is the chapter on " An International a stock-raiser does his cattle. Language " that most interests an Esperantist. The movement for social hygiene is rather That a serious book by a serious writer, think- educational, and Mr. Ellis attempts to trace ing on world problems, should devote a chap- the influences which have been preparing the ter to the pressing need by the people of the way during decades, and even centuries, for world of an artificial international language the development of a more ideal social con- arranged for easy acquisition by all national- dition. ities, is another evidence that the movement He first considers the industrial and sanitary for such a language is making progress. changes which have gradually developed, and That the author should have obtained all shows that a further social reform is neces- his information on the subject from one sary; and yet not a reform, for reform im- source is unfortunate. The chapter would plies the cure of an evil, and this program indicate that the author has formed his opin- is one rather of prevention. The book re- ion from the perusal of one pamphlet, which volves around a sexual center as might be does not seem to have been published with expected from the previous writings of the the intention of telling the whole truth; for author, and as will be apparent from the fol- whatever may be said of the theoretical ad- lowing chapter heads: " The Changing Status vantages of other proposed international lan- of Women," " The New Aspect of the guage schemes in certain particulars, there is Woman's Movement," " The Emancipation of only one artificial language that has made Women in Relation to Romantic Love," " The good by securing a permanent and substan- Significance of a Falling Birth-Rate," " Eugen- tial following; there is only one artificial lan- ics and Love," "Religion and the Child," guage that has a respectable literature; only " The Problem of Sex Hygiene," and " Im- one that is represented by periodicals in prac- morality and the Law." tically all nations; only one that has at- It would be difficult to characterize this tracted the attention of railway officials and work in a short review. Evidently it is the chambers of commerce as a profitable lan- result of extensive reading, and some of the guage for advertising literature; only one conclusions will certainly be novel to those that is used by that great travelers' firm, accustomed only to the Anglo-Saxon ideals of Thos. Cook & Son; only one that is being sex relationship. taught to the police and postal employees of The viewpoint of Mr. Ellis is decidedly certain European cities; and this is Es- optimistic, and he is not at all in sympathy peranto. with the cry of race degeneration, which has As said before, it is unfortunate that Mr. been frequently raised in the recent past and Ellis should have obtained all his informa- possibly in all ,time past. Even the falling tion regarding international language from birth-rate he explains as a natural and in- so misleading a source, and should have neg- evitable, and perhaps not an undesirable, re- lected to investigate the character and status sult of the highest culture. of Esperanto from any direct sources. He does not believe eugenics will ever do away with love, or that the state or any au- The Mosquito, Its Relation to Disease and thoritative power should ever interfere with Its Extermination. By Alvah H. Doty, the rights of the individual to have children; M. D., formerly health officer of the port of but he thinks, with Galton, that as religion New York. Illustrated. D. Appleton and in former times had a profound influence in Company, New York and London. controlling the sex impulse, so eugenics may While this book is so small that it can be take on a quasi-religious phase which will easily carried in the pocket, it contains the exert a more or less potent influence on the pith of the mosquito problem, prepared by a individual, leading to the procreation of only man of extensive experience, who has en- fit children. deavored in this manner to bring together in In the chapter on " Religion and the Child," a plain and practical way such information he takes the position, doubtless new to many, regarding the mosauito and its extermina- that the child should not be introduced to tion as will be useful to those interested in religion until adolescence. He says that the this work. 86 SOME BOOKS 87

The chapters on propagation, identification, ness, infirmity, and old age; and selection and breeding-places, habits, etc., with their illus- training of the future wage-earner. trations, prepare the reader for the most im- In selecting material, the author has kept portant chapter on extermination. in mind the general reader rather than the In the last chapter is given what may be of research student. In many cases references great value when extermination has not yet are made to more comprehensive lists which been successful; that is, remedies for mos- will be of service to those who wish to go quito bites. into the subject in greater detail. The an- notations aim to give the general scope of the A Select Bibliography of Recent Publica- particular reference in question. tions on the Helpful Relations of Em- In view of the recent and rapid develop- ployers and Employed. Winthrop Talbot, ment of thought, experience, and practise, it M. D., editor of Human Engineering, Sta- has seemed best, except in cases of especial tion B, Cleveland, Ohio. Pages, 112. Price, historic interest, not to use material published $1.00. before 'goo, and reference is seldom made to writings prior to 1908. This bibliography has been compiled for It would unduly lengthen this review even those interested in the human problems of to mention the topics considered, but here are industry. It places in convenient form ref- a few: " Management of Men," " Wage Sys- erences to current publications dealing with tems," " Profit Sharing," " Hours of Labor," whatever seems admirable in the harmonious " Fatigue," " Workmen's Compensation," relations of industrial concerns and their em- " Employers' Liability," " Industrial Hygiene ployees. It treats also of the larger prob- and Sanitation," "Factory Conditions," lems arising from the industrial system which " Housing," " Welfare Work," and " Indus- engage the attention of constructive thinkers trial Education." everywhere. These include such problems as With each title is given a brief resume of the prevention of accidents and occupational the contents of the book sufficient to guide the disease; compensation of injured workers; reader in search for some particular subject. the unemployment and the control of seasonal There is a list of authors and one of titles, industries ; assistance of the unemployed to which add greatly to the practical usefulness find work; compulsory provision for sick- of the bibliography.

HOW DISEASES ARE SPREAD The germs of disease are spread from the sick person, or the " carrier," to the next victim by various means. For example, these girls are doing sums with one pencil, which each in turn, without thinking, puts into her mouth, so that any disease which either may have will be likely to spread to the other through the transfer of the germs from the mouth. Infected Books.— The Washington, D. C. Cocain Sellers Caught.— A Brooklyn sa- school officers recently destroyed 49,000 text- loon-keeper .and three other men were ar- books found to be germ carriers. rested for selling cocain to children. It is said that they sold in as small quantities Poisonous Mushrooms.— A family of as five cents' worth. More than 500 packages twelve at Long Island City were poisoned of the drug were seized. The prisoners were recently, two of them very seriously, from $5,000 bail. eating mushrooms. held under Health Service Men as Railway Inspect- Low Death-Rate in London.— In August ors.— The Secretary of the Treasury has the death-rate was 12.1; the highest death- issued orders that all commissioned medical rate was in the East End slum of Shoreditch, officers of the United States Public Health where it was 19. The lowest was in Lewis- Service, when traveling under official orders, ham, a south suburb. shall make sanitary inspection of the trains Must Supply Sanitary Cups.— An order and vessels upon which they travel, and of requiring the railway companies in New Jersey the stations, terminals, and wharfs at which to provide sanitary drinking-glasses or indi- they stop. Though Congress authorized this vidual drinking-cups, has been sustained by the inspection, it failed to make the necessary supreme court of New Jersey. appropriation to carry it out. Five-Year Increase in Hospital Beds.— Pellagra Cured by Transfusion.— Dr. The hospital accommodations for consump- H. P. Cole, of Mobile, Ala., has reported re- tives has increased in five years from less markable success in the treatment of pellagra than fourteen and one-half thousand to more in the terminal stages, by direct transfusion than thirty thousand, or more than one hun- of blood. Of thirty-one cases treated, eighteen recovered, and, besides, two that died did not dred per cent gain. receive enough blood, and one was practically Tuberculosis Death-Rates.— The approx- dying moribund, at time of the transfusion. imate tuberculosis death-rates per million in- Leaving out these cases, we have a recovery habitants for certain countries is given as fol- of seventy-five per cent, which is remarkable lows: Russia, 4,000; Austria-Hungary, 3,5oo; in pellagra. The patients, before the trans- France, 3,000; Germany, 2,200; Holland, ',goo; fusion, had had the ordinary treatment with- Italy, 1,800; Scotland, 1,7oo; United States out benefit. (registration area), 1,600; England, 1,400. More Tuberculosis-Hospital Beds.— Dur- Tuberculosis Death-Rate Still High.— ing the year ended June I, 1912, there were Notwithstanding the fact that the tuberculosis provided in twenty-nine States nearly 4,000 death-rate is rapidly falling, owing to the vig- additional beds for consumptives. This totals orous campaigns against tuberculosis, the fig- in the neighborhood of 30,000 beds, about one ures made public at the Rome International for every ten indigent consumptives in the Tuberculosis Congress show that in Europe country; and it is the indigent consumptive the deaths from tuberculosis make from one in unfavorable surroundings that is the great- tenth to one fourth of the entire mortality. est disseminator of tuberculosis. In Great Britain there has been a remarkable lower- Went Where It Belonged.— Into the sewing of the consumptive death-rate since the ers of Birmingham, Ala., were poured, on hospital facilities for indigent consumptives August 19 and 20, eighty barrels of beer, have been increased. sixty kegs of whisky and gin, sixty cases of bottled whisky, and a dozen cases of wine, Regarding Eggs.— It has been determined confiscated in the prohibition area. Of course, that at least part of the bacteria which infect we know that " prohibition does not prohibit," eggs are from the oviduct of the hen. The but it sometimes makes things a little incon- hens suffering from chicken cholera lay eggs venient and unpleasant for the outlaw liquor containing a very much larger proportion of sellers. bacteria than is found in eggs from healthy hens. Part of the bacteria in eggs, however, Tuberculosis Hospitals in the States.— pass through the shell; and the dirty egg is In the number of tuberculosis-hospital beds, more apt to become contaminated than the New York leads, with 8,350, followed by Mas-, clean egg. If eggs, while they are clean and sachusetts with 2,800, and Pennsylvania with fresh, are placed in a refrigerator, they may 2,700. Four States, Mississippi, Nevada, Utah, keep as long as ten months in good condi- and Wyoming, have no beds in special hos- tion with no other treatment. It has been pitals or special wards for consumptives. Per- suggested as a test for fresh eggs, that they haps in the three Western States the climate should be odorless, and after vigorous sha- is supposed to be sufficient to effect a cure king in the shell there should be no mixture without any hospital facilities. of the white and the yolk. 88 NEWS NOTES 89

Decline in Tuberculosis Death-Rate.— In mented, and not sufficiently baked. Too much the decade from 1901 to 1910 the tuberculosis smoked, salted, or pickled pork is used, and death-rate in this country dropped from 1,969 the frying-pan is overworked. Pickles and per million living to 1,603, a decrease of 18.7 vinegar are abused. The teeth are sadly neg- per cent; while the general death-rate, inclu- lected. Bath-rooms are few, and there is too ding all causes, declined only one half as fast. little bathing. There is too much self-doctor- If we may judge from the experience of Eng- ing, and the use of patent medicines. land, where the tuberculosis death-rate declined in proportion as the facilities for ta- How We Value Health.— It is estimated king care of indigent consumptives increased, that with a health department having an ap- we may attribute this decrease in the United propriation of $x.50 per capita, the ordinary States quite largely to the increase in tubercu- preventable diseases can be wiped out with a losis-hospital facilities, though we must not great economic saving, to say nothing of the forget the day camps, the night camps, and avoidance of mental distress, etc. The fol- other means of segregation, and the campaign lowing are some of the per-capita appropria- of educating the consumptive to carefulness. tions for health work in different States : — Farm Conditions.— At the International Arkansas o Florida 'cc Hygiene Congress, Dr. Hurty, of Indiana, Indiana 18c New York I 7c thus outlined the condition of many farm Kansas 2 7c Virginia 19c homes: Sanitary farmhouses are rare. Too Massachusetts 4.2c many are flat on the ground, being damp, and having mold in closets and corners. Bed- The following are the rates for some of the rooms are small, with but one small window. cities : — The water-supply is frequently polluted. Sew- FOR FIRE age disposal is often into shallow beds open FOR HEALTH PROTECTION to flies and animals, and often so situated as Providence, R. I..... :lc $1.99 to pollute the well. The conditions for fly Portland, Oregon ... 13c 1.91 culture are perfect. Barns and stables are too Minneapolis, Minn. .. 14c 1.67 ' near the 'houses. There are great accumula- tions of manure, and the ground is churned Some day when we fully awake to the fact to a filthy pulp by the animals. The proper that a heavy loss of life means a heavy com- proportion of food is not understood. The mercial loss, we shall deal more liberally with bread is frequently badly made, overfer- our health departments.

The best antiseptic for purposes of personal hygiene LISTERINE There is a tendency upon the part of the public to consider the dental toilet completed with the use of the tooth-brush and a dentifrice in paste or powder form. It is not possible with the brush and either paste or powder to cleanse the interstitial surfaces of the teeth; here the use of dental floss is imperative, and after meals, or in any event before retiring at night, it should be employed to dislodge the remaining shreds of food substance wedged between the teeth. The tooth-brush and a paste or powder may then be employed for their friction- ary effect, moving the brush from the gum margin toward the cutting edge or grinding surface of the teeth, and not toward the gum margin, lest these tissues be loosened from their attachment about the teeth and the sensitive dentin exposed. Rotate the brush upon the grinding surfaces of the molars to remove any food which may be lodged in the fissures of these teeth. The mouth should then be rinsed with an antiseptic solution of suitable strength, for which there is nothing comparable to Listerine, one part, tepid water ten to fifteen parts, forcing the Listerine to and fro between the teeth that all of their exposed surfaces may be brought under its antiseptic influence. This procedure faithfully pursued will insure the conservation of the teeth. LAMBERT PHARMACAL COMPANY LOCUST AND TWENTY-FIRST STREETS : : ST. LOUIS, MO.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, "I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." 90 LIFE AND HEALTH

Pellagra Association Meeting.— The sec- all problematical, is that raw oysters are very ond triennial meeting of the Association for frequently dangerous in the extreme, and one the Study of Pellagra met at Columbia, S. C., can not always tell when they are and when Oct. 3, 4, 1912. The meeting was well at- they are not dangerous. When you eat a raw tended, and there was good interest shown in oyster, you take your chances. Anyhow, if we the program. From the resolutions giving had not been brought up to it, accustomed at the concensus of opinion, the following is least to know that those around us practise it, taken : The ultimate cause of pellagra is un- would not the eating of a raw oyster seem known, but in view of the incrimination of barbarous? spoiled corn it was urged that the proper au- thorities take measures to stop its sale and Pollution of Road-Beds.— Dr. William T. consumption as food. No satisfactory evi- Sedgwick, of the Massachusetts Institute of dence has ever been submitted which shows Technology, brought before the International pellagra to be directly transmitted from man Hygiene Congress the fact that contagious dis- to man, and the association considered isola- eases are spread through the pollution of tion and quarantine measures to be unwise. railway beds. In many cases the railways There is at present no specific remedy for traverse important watersheds, which fur- pellagra, and any claim to the contrary must nish the drinking water for populous cities, be accepted with great caution. and when no special arrangements are made to prevent it, the conveniences of the cars Left-Handed Children.— An investigation furnish the means by which typhoid carriers, in the Berlin schools disclosed the fact that dysentery carriers, etc., contaminate these im- there are some six thousand left-handed chil- portant water-supplies. At the hygienic ex- dren in the Berlin schools ; and Dr. Schafer, hibition was shown a model of a car so ar- the medical inspector, says that usually these ranged that all discharges are caught in a children are compelled to use the right hand, water-tight receptacle which can be readily to their discomfort and permanent loss. He removed and exchanged for a clean recep- sensibly makes the plea that these children tacle at certain stations. All cars should be be allowed to draw, write, and perform other equipped with some such device, so as not to acts with the left hand when this is more pollute the road-beds. Dr. Sedgwick urged natural to the child. To compel a left-handed the passage of laws regulating this matter. person to learn to use the right hand is about as sensible as it would be to compel a right- In Civilized America.— During the decade handed person to learn to write with the left 1882-91 the average death-rate from homi- hand. Dr. Gulick at one time thought he cides per million population was 50; in the ought to train both sides of his body to do decade 1902-11 it had increased to 72. In the same things with equal facility, but he soon 1910 and 1911, the rate was 83. During the learned that he was wasting time, and that he decade 19o1-1910 the rate in Memphis was had better have one skilful hand than two 471; in Charleston, 277; in Savannah, 256; in mediocre hands. New Orleans, 222; in Chicago, 84; in New Do Oysters Suffer Pain? —Dr. Wiley York City, 51; in Brooklyn, 42; in Milwaukee, thinks that they do, when they are eaten raw. 17, the lowest rate. In England and Wales But how much better is it when they are cut the rate is 9 per million. Thus we see by open alive and torn out of the shell to be comparison how little life is valued in the made into a stew? After all, the matter of United States. Homicide is a disease, and the pain of an oyster is problematical. Oysters doubtless back of it may be found a definite have no such nervous systems as the higher cause or causes. Is it in the air, in the stimu- animals, though probably they have some sen- lating diet, in our nervous determination to get sation. But as pain is given the higher ani- ahead in the world? Where the result is so mals in order to protect them, and as the oyster constant and so startling in nature, the deter- has a shell that does that for him, there is no mining cause or causes must be of great im- need for his having a sense of pain such as we portance, and here our sociologists have a have. The important fact, which is not at most interesting problem.

A LIVE WIRE A Book for Your Girl

Touch a real live wire anywhere along If you would culti- vate the finer senti- its entire length, and ments and mold the there is a sharp re- higher ideals in the minder that it is mind of your daugh- charged with an active ter, your pupil, or your girl friend, place current. So with this this book in her b ook— open it any- hands. where at random, and Happy School-Days there is that confronts By Margaret E. Sangster the eye which leads No one who is fa- to a continuous read- miliar with this au- ing of it. thor's writings will " Boy Wanted," b y require assurance of the excellence of this Nixon Waterman, is a new gem from her live-wire book for live- pen, nor question that the book, once placed in wire boys — boys who the hands of a girl, will be read thoroughly with want to be something and to do something. both interest and profit. 27t pages, handsomely bound, and in a neat gif tbox. Price, $1.25. Its arrangement is unique and pleasing. 134 pages, handsomely bound, and illustrated with full-page plates. Price, $1.25. Review and Herald Pub. Assn. Review and Herald Pub. Assn. WASHINGTON, D. C. WASHINGTON, D. C.

500 Recipes! CONSUMPTION Nearly 500 of the choicest vegetarian recipes ever gathered together. Contains a variety of recipes for Bakery and Break- is curable and pre- fast dishes, Beverages, Cakes, ventable. A great Cereals. Egg dishes. Entrees, majority of cases can Nut Butter, Pies, Puddings, be cured, without Salads, Salad Dressings, Soups, Sauces, Toasts, and Vegetables. drugs, and largely No other work of the kind can through the pa- take its place. tient's own efforts. The Vegetarian This book tells how: Cook Book CONSUMPTION By E. G. Fulton Its Prevention and Cure This cook-book is thoroughly practical, and can be used Without Medicine successfully by housewives wino have had no previous ex- With chapters on Sanitation, and Prevention or other Diseases, by CHARLES H.S. DAVIS, M. D., member of perience with vegetarian cookery, while it is an indispensable the New Haven County Medical Society, Connecticut part of the equipment of the professional cook. State Medical Society, American Health League, etc. Neatly bound in gray cloth. Contains over 250 pages. Not a theoretical, but a thoroughly practical book, Price, post-paid, $1.00. based on actual experience. Treats upon the open-air life, rational diet, and other important subjects. Con- tains 216 pages. In cloth, post-paid, $t. Review 4 Herald Pub. Assn., Washington, D. C. Review & Herald Pub. Assn. Takoma Park, WASHINGTON, D. C.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." 4.4.1.0.M04,41414=M.O.M1.4MMI.0.=M0.=•.0.1/M.04.-0.•0A=.0.4MNI.1.4.1.1.111•04/1•••,”4141MI/1.4•MC " I SAVED $6.75 ON THIS %f z'k• vertical filing Outfit and i t is just as serviceable as any file at any price." $ 3 25 • This solid oak file holds 20,000 letters, roller-bearing (Freight paid. drawers, handsomely finished. Direct o. from your dealer. %. See Note. The thirty joints which make the frame of this file are interlocked, glued and held with 60 screws. It is as strong as it can be made. Drawer sides are full height - dust- proof. Follow blocks hold contents vertically for quick reference. Two and three drawer heights, Cap and Invoice sizes. Golden, Natural, and Weathered finish. riinLeilsti,?fiii3ese7ocus com-zz JJ - in easy reach —in your desk. There are 10 kinds of drawers for filing all standard sizes of cards and business papers. Solid oak. Top 28x52. Extension slides and center drawer. Golden, Natural, or Weath- ered. Freight paid (See Note), $23.

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A GOOD COOK BOOK' °Steps to Christ I For 25 Cents By ELLEN G. WHITE There are enough valu- This is just the able and practical sugges- book for a gift to tions of new and tasty dishes to be found in — your friend or "A FRIEND IN THE members of your KITCHEN " Sabbath - school By Mrs. Anna L. Colcord class. It contains fifteen chapters to keep you busy for months testing them and written from an gaining the benefit of the intimate know l- new ideas suggested. There are over 400 care- edge of the human fully tested recipes and soul's longing for hundreds of valuable suggestions. The book con- greater nearness tains 20 departments. to the Saviour, by The chapter " How to one who has long Can Fruit " is alone worth the price of the whole walked with the book. Master and knows his ways. It is a Your name on the coupon below, accompanied book which should have a wide cir- by 25 cents, will bring the culation for the marvelous good that book to you, post-paid. it can do. For the next birthday gift that you COUPON purchase, order a copy of " Steps to tReview and Herald Pub. Assn., Christ." In cloth, handsomely illus- Washington, D. C. trated, 144 pages, 6o cents, post-paid. For the 25 cents enclosed, send " A FRIEND IN THE KITCHEN," post-paid, to Review and Herald Pub. Assn. Washington, D. C. S When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." Constipation is curable. Constipated ? " Chronic Constipation," a Stop Catching Cold ! 23-page booklet by D. H. Kress, M. D., tells how it may be cured without drugs. Causes, diet, and A cold is the most common of diseases, yet how few people know just what it is, how it starts, and just how to cure it. treatment all in a nutshell. Send five cents for Colds are dangerous. They destroy vitality, and prepare the a single copy by mail. Special rates in larger way for worse conditions sometimes for fatal diseases. The editor of LIFE AND HEALTH, Dr. G. H. Heald, has prepared quantities. a little book telling all about Review Herald Publishing Association Takoma Park, Washington, D. C.

Ten Days' Free Trial allowed on every bicycle we sell. We Ship on Approval and trial to anyone in the U.S. and prepay the freight. If y ou are not satisfied with the bicycle after using it ten days. ship it back and don't ray a cent. a bicycle or a FACTORY PRICES pairpair oeta res from anyone at any price until you receive our latest Art Catalog- of high grade bicycles and sundries and learn our un- heard-of prices and marvelousa cent new to write speeial a postal offers. and IT ONLY COSTS everything will be sent you FREE by return mail. You will get much valuable information. Do Not Wait; write it NOW! TIRES, Coaster-Brake, rear wheels, lamps, "COLDS," Their Cause, Preven- pn vonn irs and sundries of all kinds t.t half usual tion, and Cure MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept. H.232 CHICAGO

Only 62 pages of large print to read, but it tells the whole story lucidly and completely. What it contains is worth a for- tune to those that have the "habit of catching cold." The book is a Life Preserver, and should be in every home. Neatly Bible and Health Subjects bound in white leatherette. Only 25 Cents, Post-paid. Illustrated with beautiful lantern slides. Send for catalogue of Review & Herald Publishing Assn. slides and projection apparatus. Address— Takoma Park, Washington, D. C. Stereopticon Slide Co., Loma Linda, Cal.

"Rome Versus Heretics ,, RrOB' -7-1 gr NUMBER P11,„151)L31 Don't Miss This February Number ANAQAZINE IT WILL TELL YOU a Why Rome hates heretics, and what she would gladly AOVSLCATiNGr PRRTESTiNCil P12.1/AITIVE AGAINST do with them had she the power. CMR.ISTIANITY APPSTASY Also the latest movements of the Catholic hierarchy to capture the army, secret service, and other positions of power in our government. Also the secret of Protestantism's weakness and Roman- THE CHURCH ism's strength. AND THE WORD Every statement in this magazine is supported by evidence which Rome herself can not break nor twist, HE Church is' bow of the word of much as she desires to cover up her past and present T promise through faith, and is nour- ished and preserved by the same word; evil deeds. that is, she herself is established by the promises of God, not the promise of God .$1.00 a Year 10 Cents a Copy by her. The word of God is incompara- bi- above the Church, and her part is not to establish, ordain, or make anything SPECIAL OFFER ON TEN, SIX MONTHS in it, but only to be established, or- Ten copies, six months, to one address or to ten separate ad- dained. and made as • creature. dresses. only $3.00, or 30 cents each. Sender may include his —Luther. own name. Or. send $3.00 for five copies, one year. This number should be placed in the hands of every editor, attorney, clergyman, city and county official. DERYEA12.$1.00.-0.-- PER COPY 104 ) and public-school teacher. We can furnish the names WAS NGT-SN, O. C. and addresses. ..„7 FEBRUARY, 1913 Address our Nearest Agency, or The Protestant Magazine, Washington, D. C.

When you u rite to our advertisers, please say, "I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH."

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iat 1 1 a El I Will Church Federation Accomplish INI ps i 1 • g rk ra ! World Evangelization? i E 1 a i What Did Washington Say? What Did Lincoln Say? What 1 a a i Did the Republic's Founders Say? The Federal Council a f of i Ea rk this Great Movement, recently held in Chicago, Fully i E4 ,, i Reviewed in Our Next Issue. eig; a i Ni E 1 0, I Get " The Watchman " for February 1 E rt▪, i NI

It Will Interest You. a Ten Cents a Copy. One Dollar a Year. 1a r k; Other Features: The Outlook ; Editorials ; General Articles ; i E Mission Field ; Home and Health. 1 E 1 v ra I M SOUTHERN PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION 1 ak, Dal i Fort Worth, Tex. 2123 Twenty-fourth Ave. N., Nashville, Tenn. Atlanta, Ga. I Ei

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:0400000+00044 000 0040040400400000000000440040444000000000000000004 4 4 O "Statue of Liberty" and "Sunday Labor" Number • O LIBERTY Partial Contents 4 A MAGAZINE OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM 4 Frontispiece: Cartoon " Religious Legislation Darkening 0. the World" 0 The Statue of Liberty— Its meaning 4 Religious Liberty Survey of the World * O President Taf t's "Religious Garb " Decision , 4 Cardina IO'Connell on Religious Liberty 0 President Attends Fourth Pan-American Mass 4 • Menace of a National Religion 0 O How Rome Dictates to Catholic Voters . Religious Liberty in Holland 0 0 Sunday Labor on Catholic University 4> Religious Liberty Prohibitionists in Pennsylvania 0 Digest of Sunday Laws in all States 0 O Catholic Church and Sunday Observance 4 O The Post-Office Closing Proviso 4 O 0 0 CENTER PHOTOGRAPHS 0 Two-page picture showing President elect and Vice-Presi- dent elect and White House 0 0 * 35 Cents a Year 10 Cents a Copy . 0 • O SPECIAL OFFER ON TEN, ONE YEAR • Ten copies, one year, or to ten separate addresses, only 0<> $2.00, or 20 cents each. Sender may include his own name 0 as one of the ten. Every editor, attorney, clergyman, city 4 and county official, and public-school teacher should read 4 PUBLISH ED QUAR.TERL'e IQ this magazine. O w. LIBERTY MAGAZINE O Washington - 4 - - D. C. 440004004000+044 ` •0000000,00•0000•00•000000000000000,•<>00•000000 When you write to our advertisers, please say, "I saw your *ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." 4404•04040<>00044444<>4484•0449444 4 4 O 8 48 Do Current Events : 4 4 Show that 44 :4 4 Are There Any 4 o 4 .4 Christ's Coming . 4 4 0. 4 Hard Texts 4 4 I s VERY NEAR?*8 In the Bible for You? 48 8 4 8 8 .--/- : READERS of Life and Health : li 4will be particularly inter- : <4 ested in studying present-day 94 4 world affairs and their signifi- *4 * <4 cance, as presented in the * 8. 4 * 4 * .4 Signs of the Times Magazine Wouldn't you like to see a practical, com- 4 .4 prehensive exposition of them? . 4 4 . You should have a copy of 4 k AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY 1 4 * 4 4 0, i $1 a Year .10 Cents a Copy N . 8 1 I 08 8 8 8 8 Questions and Answers 4 8 8 Over 250 pages Advocate of Bible Protestant- 4 Almost 300 Questions and Answers * o ism. The Scriptures on Pres- • Topical and Textual Indexes 4 * Full cloth binding ent-day History. Articles on o * 4 4 Home and Health. Defender 4 You can not purchase a copy * 4 * of Civil and Religious Liberty. 4 It is a premium with the Signs of the Times * 4 Bible Answers to Man's In- * weekly, a sixteen - page weekly journal, : e Biblical, Historical, Pastoral. One page o quiries. The Science of Tem- • each week devoted to the answering of 4 9 4 perance, or Self-government. o Biblical questions. If you do not find the 4 4 answer in the book, you, as a subscriber, 4 4 4 will be entitled to the use of this depart- *4 +- t 4 ment of the journal, and careful attention • will be accorded your inquiry in subsequent • I NO TRUTH-SEEKER'S LIBRARY I 4 4 4 issues or by a personal letter. Ten cents in 4 COMPLETE WITHOUT IT t 4 o 4 postage stamps to the publishers will get you 4 1 0 a sample copy of both the weekly journal 4 10 and the monthly magazine. 0 <4 * 4 The paper one year 51.75 : A dime or ten cents in stamps 4. Value of book 1.25 4 will bring you a sample copy. 04• * Total 83.00 4 Agents wanted in every city 4. Paper and book special, $2.00 and hamlet. Special terms : 44 4 4 quoted upon application. o You will find the book and the paper a 44> 4 great help to you in your study, and well 4 4*4 worth the price. 4 4 The agent who sold you this magazine 8. 4 will take your subscription, or you may .4o Pacific Press Publishing Association 4o address — 4 4 4 Mountain View, California 0 0 SIGNS OF THE TIMES 4 Portland, Oregon Calgary, Alberta, Canada 4 Mountain View, California • 0 • Kansas City, Missouri 44 4 0 *444408 494448 4040404844044 4444404 When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH."

Washington (D. C.) Sanitarium

An attractive health resort, seven miles from the Capitol. Diseases treated: digestive disorders, rheumatic and gouty conditions, nervous and circulatory disturbances. The methods employed are the most modern and approved. The appliances are up to date. Baths, electricity, and diet are largely depended upon. In the surgical line we are well prepared, having a good operating-room and equipment. Competent physicians and nurses are employed to care for cases.

Send for Prospectus to the WASHINGTON (D. C.) SANITARIUM Phone Takoma 127 Takoma Park, WASHINGTON, D. C.

THIS BOOK IS WORTH YOUR EVENING HOURS

" The De- sire of Ages," by Mrs. E. G. White, is a com- Mt. Vernon Medical and plete, beautifully written life of Christ from the pen of an author Surgical Sanitarium whose writings are highly prized in An Institution Centrally Located in the Most hundreds of thousands of homes through- Healthful Portion of the State out the world. Once the reader be- g Equipped with modern appliances for surgica l work and the comes acquainted with this work, treatment of chronic disorders. g Latest improved apparatus for Hydrotherapy. Electrotherapy. Photothcrapy, Mechano- no study of the life of Christ therapy. . Massotherapy. (JI Physiologic System of Treatment is complete without it. Con- and Diet fully carried ou in the institution. g Pleasant tains 900 pages and nearly Rooms ; Elevator; Hot-Water Heating System; Natural Gas; 400 illustrations. In cloth, Quiet, Secluded Grounds ; Christian Attendants of both sexes. Noted Medicinal Springs in the immediate vicinity. Of- $3. Full morocco, $6. f ensive patients not received in the building. 9 Write for Review and Herald Pub. information. Assn., Washington, MT. VERNON, OHIO D. C.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." The Saint Helena-California Sanitarium

Thirty years ago the St. Helena Sanitarium was founded on the sunny slope of one of the foot-hills of Howell Mountain. For thirty years, nestled in the sheltered nook selected by its founders, it has grown and prospered. To-day it is the best-known sanitarium on the Pacific Coast. Located 750 feet above sea-level, in the very bosom of Nature, away from the dust and nerve-wrecking din of the city, with an unsur- passed view over the beautiful Na- pa Valley 500 feet below, surround- ed by a wealth of California verdure and sparkling, crystal springs, the St. Helena Sanitarium has been fa- vored by a fortunate combination of conditions conducive to health- building. Sick People Get Well at St. Helena They go away and tell others of the delightful climate, the beautiful scenery, the pleasant homelike accommodations, the appetite-creating cuisine, and, what is not of least importance, the excellent medical attention and health training which each patient receives. This has been for thirty years our best advertising—satisfied patrons. We can not tell you very much about the Sanitarium in this small space. Let us send you our illustrated booklet " E." This will give you a better idea of the place, its surroundings, and its advantages. Address St. Helena Sanitarium Sanitarium, California

When you write to our advertisers, please say, "I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH."

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The INSTRUCTOR Temperance Annual for 1913 Will be a large 32-page issue with cover in colors, and thorcughly and appropriately illustrated throughout. Devoted exclusively to temperance themes, emphasizing the curse of intoxicating liquors, and the evils of tobacco —the prevailing, contagious,

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