KITUI SECONDARY DATA REVIEW Demography of Population

Introduction  County constitutes 2.6% of the national population This document is a baseline for humanitarian needs with 52% male and 48% female Census 2009. Its ranked assessment in with an aim of providing 11/47 CRA 2012 information that would aid in decision making. The  The county shares 13.8% of the national urban population information presented has been gathered through a review of ranked 39/47 CRA 2012 pre-crisis, studies and lessons learnt secondary data. Available  Kitui town is the largest urban population taking 10.8 % of indicator information is by County, Sub County, and National the county’s population, and 1.6%, respectively CRA (where there is no available sub-county/county information). 2012 This desk review is to help in the process of assessment  The disabled population; 0.94% have visual disability, 0.72% hearing disability, 0.57% speech disability, 1.65% physical planning for humanitarian needs assessment. and self-care disability, 0.53% mental disability and 0.38% Purpose of the Desk review with other disabilities. Census 2009  Kitui County has a population density of 33.0km2, lower than This desk review is not a comprehensive survey on food the national population density of 401.1KM2 see Table 1 security, livelihoods, WASH, protection e.t.c nor is it an inter-  The average household size in Kitui is 2.3 lower than the agency needs assessment. It is a process in which a secondary national household size of 4.4. See Table 1 literature and data has been used to uncover any relevant  The county’s age distribution is 0-14 years (46.6 %), 15-64 information of use and guidance for the preparation of the in- years (48.2 %), 65+ years (5.2 % Census 2009 crisis primary data collection.  It is estimated that the county’s deprived child population is 56.32%.), DHIS Content List Summary  has a gender index of 0.39% for 2012, and a Human Demography Partners (3W) Development Index score of 0.509 for 2011, for Kitui 1.08% Area profile Information background gender index Census 2009 Sector updates

1 As at November 2014

 In 2011, the national birth rate per 1,000 was 37.6 (World County Council of Mwingi) and Kitui coutny council is the Bank, 2011), and the annual population growth rate was capital CRECO 2012 2.67% (World bank, 2012)  Wholesale and retail markets supplement the subsistence farming as sources of income for the residents of the county1 Popula # Area Total tion Femal  The gross national income per capita was $2780 World County House in Male Popula Densit e Bank,2014 holds Sq.Km tion y  Kenya’s inflation rate stood at 3.25% in November 2013 20549 4812 53142 10127 World Bank Kitui 30496 282.3 1 82 7 07 Socio-cultural characteristics 8,767, 96,252 401.1 19,1 19,417 38,610

Kenya 104 .0 92,4 ,639 ,097  The county is mono-ethnic largely inhabited by the Kamba 58 communityFfollowed by the Tharaka people who are found Table 1 Population statistics Kitui (Source: KNBS 2012, Source 2009 Census, in Tharaka ward but there are also sizable Swahili and Somali population (CRECO 2012.) Area Profile Governance and coordination Geography, climate and economy  Kitui County has a two magistrate’s court one in Kitui and the  Kitui County is located in Eastern Kenya, it borders the Mwingi towns only serving the high population. However, following counties; Tana River to the East and South East, traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are rife and strong Taita Taveta to the South, Makueni and to the in rural parts of the County CRECO 2012 West, Embu to the North West, and Tharaka and Meru to  The county has 4 Local Authorities (Municipal Council of Kitui, County Council of Kitui, and Town Council and Kitui the North. CRECO 2012 2 Town the administrative capital  Climate/Weather: Temperatures range from a minimum of 14°C to a maximum of 34°C. The rainfall ranges from 500mm to 1050mm per annum in different parts of the county. CRA 2012

 Local Authorities (2010): There are 4 (Municipal Council of 1 www.keninvestmentkenya Kitui, County Council of Kitui, Town Council of Mwingi, and 2 http://www.investmentkenya 2 As at November 2014

Hazards and Historic Sources of Conflict agriculture and lowland cattle-grazing. Also Livestock keeping, Tobacco, Cotton, Coffee, Mangoes, Commercial Shocks and Hazards businesses CRA 2012  Kitui county is an arid and Semu Arid areas and is adversely  Resources: Arable Land, Wildlife, Livestock, Forests, affected by drought resulting to food insecurity CRA 2012 Minerals CRA 2012  Lack of adequate and clean water CRA 2012  Tourist Attractions: Mwingi National Reserve, Tsavo East  Poor hygiene and sanitation CRA 2012 National Park CRA 2012  Financial Services: 4 Commercial Banks, 8 Micro-Finance  Deforestation in search for firewood and charcoal CRA 2012 CRA 2012  Under development in agriculture CRA 2012  Agricultural products: Livestock Products, Maize, Beans, Sorghum, Pigeon Peas, Cowpeas, Cassava, Millet3Poverty Historic triggers/Sources of tentions levels is at 63% of population living below the poverty line  Land disputes owing to customary tenure under which most Census 2009 land falls as well as presence of squatters in Mwingi North and Kitui west remain as risk factors especially in affected Health and Nutrition constituencies CRECO 2012.  Human-wildlife conflicts near game parks also pose a tension Health risk, CRECO 2012.  27.8(%) of births are delivered at health facility ( skilled

delivery) as compared to the national level 44% See Table 2 Security Issues  The areas bordering Garrisa and Tharaka-Nithi Counties are 66.6% Fully-immunized pop <1yr (2012) below the national 83.0% See Table 2 prone to cattle rustling, even though the intensity is not that  Malaria cases (per 100,000 people) is 30,126 higher than the high. CRECO 2012 national 21,945 See Table 2 Livelihood and Food Security  Tuberculosis Prevalence (per 100,000 people) 71, which is lower than the national level 2234 Livelihoods  Main Economic Activity/industries: Is subsistence farming involving traditional land-use system and a mix of highland 3 .www.softkenya.com 4 MOH - Kenya Health Information System 2012 3 As at November 2014

 Mother to child transmission of HIV is 11.5% higher than the Nutrition national eve 8.5%  Full immunization coverage 66.6% as compared to the  Health Facilities: 261 – District Hospitals (3), Sub-District national level 83.0% CRA 2012 Hospitals (8), Dispensaries (189), Health Centres (23),  Underweight (weight for age) 24.2 % higher than the Medical Clinics (30), Nursing Homes (5), Others (3) national level 15.0%  Doctor to Population Ratio: 1:16,047 (Kitui District),  Stunting ( height for age) 42.4% higher than the national 1:50,701 (Mwingi District) www.softkenya.com level 30.0% CRA 2012  Doctors to Population Ratio: 4:100,000  Under-fives mortality is 86% lower than the national 74%. (  The national life expectancy at birth is 57.5% for males and WASH 56.3 for females World bank, 2012  The national literacy rate for adults is 87.4% (90.6% for Water Sanitation and Hygiene males, 84.2% for females), and the youth literacy rate is  River Athi is the only perennial river in the county flowing 92% (91.7% for males, 93.7% for females World Bank, along the border with . The county has 2010 several dams that play a significant role as water resources. Springs can be found in the hilly areas of the county while Health coverage Kitui Kenya * underground water sources supplement surface water Malaria (as % of all 1st sources5 21.3 (23) 27.7 outpatient visits)  Improved water households accessibility is 50.8% as TB in every 10,000 people (% compared to national level of 66.5% and is ranked 38/47 29 (24) 39 2009/10) counties improved sanitation Census 2009 HIV+ ante-natal care clients (%,  69.1% of households have improved sanitation as compared 4.8(32) 5.9 2010) to national level 87.8% ranked 33/47 counties Delivered in a health centre 27.1 (32) 37.5 Qualified medical assistant Education 24.4 (33) 37.6 during birth Had all vaccinations 65.0 (38) 75  The county has 1,096 primary schools and 181 secondary Table 2 Health coverage indicators by county (CRA, 2011) schools. The ratio of Teacher to Pupil in primary school is Figures shown are percentage of population, figure in brackets indicates the rank compared across all 47 counties. * indicates Kenya county average 5 www.keninvestmentkenya 4 As at November 2014

1:41 with an Enrolment (328,528) and 1:34 secondary schools with enrolment (46,100) CRA 2012

 63.8% of people can read and write and this lower than the estimated 66.4% of the national population CRA 2012  The average literacy is 56.3%, and only 0.4% attain university education and 8.9 secondary education.  73.1% of those attending Schools are between 15-18 years this is higher compared to national 70.1 %, and is ranked 25/47 counties (CRA 2012)

Kitui Kenya Can read & write (10-14 months) 41.1 (30) 66.4 Attending School, 15-18 years 73.1 (18) 70.9 Table 3: County Education coverage (CRA, 2011) Figures shown are percentage of population, figure in brackets indicates the rank compared across all 47 counties. * indicates Kenya county average

Existing Partners (3W)

- No consolidated information available

Figure 1: Kitui county map (population density) Source: (CRA, 2011)

Background Links and Resources

5 As at November 2014

http://data.worldbank.org/country/kenya?display=default https://www.google.com/search?q=www.softkenya.com) https://www.google.com/search?q=Environmental+Action+Pl an+20 http://www.slideshare.net/Abetum/kenya-county- factsheetsdec2011 www.keninvestmentkenya http://www.healthpolicyproject.com/

6 As at November 2014