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CERN Courier–Digital Edition
CERNMarch/April 2021 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the March/April 2021 issue of CERN Courier. Hadron colliders have contributed to a golden era of discovery in high-energy physics, hosting experiments that have enabled physicists to unearth the cornerstones of the Standard Model. This success story began 50 years ago with CERN’s Intersecting Storage Rings (featured on the cover of this issue) and culminated in the Large Hadron Collider (p38) – which has spawned thousands of papers in its first 10 years of operations alone (p47). It also bodes well for a potential future circular collider at CERN operating at a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV, a feasibility study for which is now in full swing. Even hadron colliders have their limits, however. To explore possible new physics at the highest energy scales, physicists are mounting a series of experiments to search for very weakly interacting “slim” particles that arise from extensions in the Standard Model (p25). Also celebrating a golden anniversary this year is the Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow (p33), while, elsewhere in this issue: quantum sensors HADRON COLLIDERS target gravitational waves (p10); X-rays go behind the scenes of supernova 50 years of discovery 1987A (p12); a high-performance computing collaboration forms to handle the big-physics data onslaught (p22); Steven Weinberg talks about his latest work (p51); and much more. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING ATLAS spots rare Higgs decay Weinberg on effective field theory Hunting for WISPs CCMarApr21_Cover_v1.indd 1 12/02/2021 09:24 CERNCOURIER www. -
CERN Celebrates Discoveries
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 43 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 2003 CERN celebrates discoveries NEW PARTICLES NETWORKS SPAIN Protons make pentaquarks p5 Measuring the digital divide pl7 Particle physics thrives p30 16 KPH impact 113 KPH impact series VISyN High Voltage Power Supplies When the objective is to measure the almost immeasurable, the VISyN-Series is the detector power supply of choice. These multi-output, card based high voltage power supplies are stable, predictable, and versatile. VISyN is now manufactured by Universal High Voltage, a world leader in high voltage power supplies, whose products are in use in every national laboratory. For worldwide sales and service, contact the VISyN product group at Universal High Voltage. Universal High Voltage Your High Voltage Power Partner 57 Commerce Drive, Brookfield CT 06804 USA « (203) 740-8555 • Fax (203) 740-9555 www.universalhv.com Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier (ISSN 0304-288X) is distributed to member state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are CERN not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax:+41 (22) 782 1906 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory Board R Landua (Chairman), P Sphicas, K Potter, E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey -
Gravity and the Hydrosphere: New Frontier
Hydrological Sciences-Journal-des Sciences Hydrologiques, 44(3) June 1999 407 Gravity and the hydrosphere: new frontier JEAN O. DICKEY1, CHARLES R. BENTLEY2, ROGER BILHAM3, JAMES A. CARTON4, RICHARD J. EANES5, THOMAS A. HERRING6, WILLIAM M. KAULA7, GARY S. E. LAGERLOEF8, STUART ROJSTACZER9, WALTER H. F. SMITH10, HUGO M. VAN DEN DOOL11; JOHN M. WAHR12, MARIA T. ZUBER13 Members of the US National Research Council/National Academy of Science Committee on Earth Gravity from Space Abstract Satellite gravity measurements expected in the next few years will provide unprecedented views of the Earth's gravity field and, given sufficient duration, its changes with time. Gravity changes directly reflect changes in the masses of the ocean (thus allowing the separation of steric (heat induced) and non-steric contributions to sea-level rise), the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, and the water stored in the continents. Not only can measurements of those changes provide a truly global integrated view of the Earth, they have, at the same time, sufficient spatial resolution to aid in the study of individual regions of the Earth. These data should yield information on water cycling previously unobtainable and be useful to both fundamental studies of the hydrologie cycle and practical assessments of water availability and distribution. Together with complementary geophysical data, satellite gravity data represent a new frontier in studies of the Earth and its fluid envelope. La gravimétrie et l'hydrosphère: de nouvelles perspectives Résumé Les mesures gravimétriques satellitaires que l'on peut espérer obtenir dans quelques années fourniront un vision sans précédent du champ de gravité de la Terre, ainsi que de ses variations au cours du temps. -
A Time of Great Growth
Newsletter | Spring 2019 A Time of Great Growth Heartfelt greetings from the UC Riverside Department of Physics and Astronomy. This is our annual newsletter, sent out each Spring to stay connected with our former students, retired faculty, and friends in the wider community. The Department continues to grow, not merely in size but also in stature and reputation. For the 2018-2019 academic year, we were pleased to welcome two new faculty: Professors Thomas Kuhlman and Barry Barish. Professor Kuhlman was previously on the faculty at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He joins our efforts in the emerging field of biophysics. His research lies in the quantitative imaging and theoretical modeling of biological systems. He works on genome dynamics, quantification of the activity of transposable elements in living cells, and applications to the engineering of genome editing. Professor Barry Barish, who joins us from Caltech, is the winner of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics. He brings great prestige to our Department. Along with Professor Richard Schrock of the Department of Chemistry, who also joined UCR in 2018, UCR now has two Nobel Prize winners on its faculty. Professor Barish is an expert on the detection and physics of gravitational waves. He has been one of the key figures in the conception, construction, and operation of the LIGO detector, where gravitational waves were first discovered in 2015, and which led to his Nobel Prize. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the winner of many other prestigious awards. The discovery of gravitational waves is one of the most exciting developments in physics so far this century. -
Messenger Extreme Exploration
MESSENGERMESSENGER EEXTREMEXTREME EEXPLORATIONXPLORATION — Deborah Domingue, MESSENGER Deputy Project Scientist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory The first half of 2004 has been an exciting time for planetary exploration with the successful encounter and sampling of Comet Wild 2 by Stardust, the landing of two Mars rovers, orbital operations at Mars by three spacecraft, and the arrival of Cassini at Saturn. This month we wished “Bon Voyage” to the MESSENGER spacecraft, which successfully launched from Cape Canaveral on August 3, 2004, and began its journey to the innermost planet of our solar system, Mercury. MESSENGER is a MEcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging mission that will orbit Mercury for one Earth year (beginning in March 2011) following three flybys (in January and Septem- ber 2008 and October 2009) of the planet. It will be our first return to Mercury in over 30 years! The Mariner 10 spacecraft flew past Mer- cury three times in 1974 and 1975 and collected information on less than half the planet. MESSENGER will provide the first global map of Mercury, in addition to detailed information on the composition and structure of Mercury’s crust, its geologic history, the nature of Mercury’s thin exosphere and dynamic magnetosphere, and the makeup of its core and polar materials. MERCURY:A PLACE OF EXTREMES Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun, has a highly elliptical orbit such that its distance from the Sun ranges from 46 million kilometers (29 million miles) to 70 million kilometers (43 million miles). Because of its slow rotation, Mercury’s day (sunrise to sunrise) actually lasts two Mercury years (88 Earth days of dark and 88 Earth days of daylight). -
2015 Annual Report
2015 AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY ANNUAL TM ADVANCING PHYSICS REPORT TM THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY STRIVES TO Be the leading voice for physics and an authoritative source of physics information for the advancement of physics and the benefit of humanity Collaborate with national scientific societies for the advancement of science, science education, and the science community Cooperate with international physics societies to promote physics, to support physicists worldwide, and to foster international collaboration Have an active, engaged, and diverse membership, and support the activities of its units and members © 2016 American Physical Society During 2015, APS worked to institute the governance objective: “the advancement and diffusion of the knowledge changes approved by the membership in late 2014. In of physics.” APS is fully committed to the principles of OA accordance with the new Constitution & Bylaws, in to the extent that we can continue to support the production February the Board appointed our first Chief Executive of high-quality peer-reviewed journals. For many years APS Officer—Kate Kirby, the former Executive Officer—to has supported “green” OA and we have been fully compliant head the APS. Kate’s major task has been to transition with the 2013 directive from the Office of Science and the management of APS to a CEO model with a Senior Technology Policy that the publications resulting from Management Team. She appointed Mark Doyle as Chief U.S. federally funded research be accessible to the public 12 Information Officer, James Taylor as Chief Operating months after publication. Since APS is a major international Officer, and Matthew Salter as the new Publisher. -
Highlights Se- Mathematics and Engineering— the Lead Signers of the Letter Exhibit
June 2003 NEWS Volume 12, No.6 A Publication of The American Physical Society http://www.aps.org/apsnews Nobel Laureates, Industry Leaders Petition April Meeting Prizes & Awards President to Boost Science and Technology Prizes and Awards were presented to seven- Sixteen Nobel Laureates in that “unless remedied, will affect call for “a Presidential initiative for teen recipients at the Physics and sixteen industry lead- our scientific and technological FY 2005, following on from your April meeting in Philadel- ers have written to President leadership, thereby affecting our budget of FY 2004, and focusing phia. George W. Bush to urge increas- economy and national security.” on the long-term research portfo- After the ceremony, ing funding for physical sciences, The letter, which is dated April lios of DOE, NASA, and the recipients and their environmental sciences, math- 14th, also indicates that “the Department of Commerce, in ad- guests gathered at the ematics, computer science and growth in expert personnel dition to NSF and NIH,” that, Franklin Institute for a engineering. abroad, combined with the di- “would turn around a decade-long special reception. The letter, reinforcing a recent minishing numbers of Americans decline that endangers the future Photo Credit: Stacy Edmonds of Edmonds Photography Council of Advisors on Science and entering the physical sciences, of our nation.” The top photo shows four of the five women recipients in front of a space-suit Technology report, highlights se- mathematics and engineering— The lead signers of the letter exhibit. They are (l to r): Geralyn “Sam” Zeller (Tanaka Award); Chung-Pei rious funding problems in the an unhealthy trend—is leading were Burton Richter, director Michele Ma (Maria-Goeppert Mayer Award); Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat physical sciences and related fields corporations to locate more of emeritus of SLAC, and Craig (Heineman Prize); and Helen Edwards (Wilson Prize). -
6 8 Myriam Sarachik Elected APS Vice President
November 2000 NEWS Volume 9, No. 10 A Publication of The American Physical Society http://www.aps.org/apsnews Myriam Sarachik Elected APS Vice President Members of the APS have chosen Sciences Research at Lucent. Only and government labs, and to pro- Myriam Sarachik, a distinguished two new general councillors were vide the next generation of professor of physics at City College elected, compared to the four educators at our universities,” she of New York’s City University of New elected in previous years, to reflect says. One of her goals as President York, to be the Society’s next vice recent changes in the APS Consti- will be to strengthen the society’s president. Sarachik is the third tution, designed to reduce the size efforts to make a career in physics woman to be elected to the presi- of the APS Council. These changes attractive. “We need to be more ef- dential line in the Society’s 101-year were published in the March 2000 fective in explaining the pleasures history, following C.S. Wu of Colum- issue of APS News. that a career in physics can bring, bia in 1975, and Mildred the satisfaction garnered from VICE PRESIDENT CHAIR-ELECT OF THE Dresselhaus of MIT (who became VICE PRESIDENT teaching, and the excitement of re- Myriam Sarachik NOMINATING COMMITTEE Director of the Department of MYRIAM SARACHIK search and discovery; we must also Susan Coppersmith Energy’s Office of Science in August) City College of New York/CUNY have salaries competitive with other in 1984. Sarachik’s term begins Born in Antwerp, Belgium, professional options,” she says. -
2005 Annual Report American Physical Society
1 2005 Annual Report American Physical Society APS 20052 APS OFFICERS 2006 APS OFFICERS PRESIDENT: PRESIDENT: Marvin L. Cohen John J. Hopfield University of California, Berkeley Princeton University PRESIDENT ELECT: PRESIDENT ELECT: John N. Bahcall Leo P. Kadanoff Institue for Advanced Study, Princeton University of Chicago VICE PRESIDENT: VICE PRESIDENT: John J. Hopfield Arthur Bienenstock Princeton University Stanford University PAST PRESIDENT: PAST PRESIDENT: Helen R. Quinn Marvin L. Cohen Stanford University, (SLAC) University of California, Berkeley EXECUTIVE OFFICER: EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Judy R. Franz Judy R. Franz University of Alabama, Huntsville University of Alabama, Huntsville TREASURER: TREASURER: Thomas McIlrath Thomas McIlrath University of Maryland (Emeritus) University of Maryland (Emeritus) EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Martin Blume Martin Blume Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) PHOTO CREDITS: Cover (l-r): 1Diffraction patterns of a GaN quantum dot particle—UCLA; Spring-8/Riken, Japan; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, SLAC & UC Davis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 085503 (2005) 2TESLA 9-cell 1.3 GHz SRF cavities from ACCEL Corp. in Germany for ILC. (Courtesy Fermilab Visual Media Service 3G0 detector studying strange quarks in the proton—Jefferson Lab 4Sections of a resistive magnet (Florida-Bitter magnet) from NHMFL at Talahassee LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT APS IN 2005 3 2005 was a very special year for the physics community and the American Physical Society. Declared the World Year of Physics by the United Nations, the year provided a unique opportunity for the international physics community to reach out to the general public while celebrating the centennial of Einstein’s “miraculous year.” The year started with an international Launching Conference in Paris, France that brought together more than 500 students from around the world to interact with leading physicists. -
2018 March Meeting Program Guide
MARCHMEETING2018 LOS ANGELES MARCH 5-9 PROGRAM GUIDE #apsmarch aps.org/meetingapp aps.org/meetings/march Senior Editor: Arup Chakraborty Robert T. Haslam Professor of Chemical Engineering; Professor of Chemistry, Physics, and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT Now welcoming submissions in the Physics of Living Systems Submit your best work at elifesci.org/physics-living-systems Image: D. Bonazzi (CC BY 2.0) Led by Senior Editor Arup Chakraborty, this dedicated new section of the open-access journal eLife welcomes studies in which experimental, theoretical, and computational approaches rooted in the physical sciences are developed and/or applied to provide deep insights into the collective properties and function of multicomponent biological systems and processes. eLife publishes groundbreaking research in the life and biomedical sciences. All decisions are made by working scientists. WELCOME t is a pleasure to welcome you to Los Angeles and to the APS March I Meeting 2018. As has become a tradition, the March Meeting is a spectacular gathering of an enthusiastic group of scientists from diverse organizations and backgrounds who have broad interests in physics. This meeting provides us an opportunity to present exciting new work as well as to learn from others, and to meet up with colleagues and make new friends. While you are here, I encourage you to take every opportunity to experience the amazing science that envelops us at the meeting, and to enjoy the many additional professional and social gatherings offered. Additionally, this is a year for Strategic Planning for APS, when the membership will consider the evolving mission of APS and where we want to go as a society. -
The IERS Special Bureau for the Oceans: Past Progress and Future Plans
The IERS Special Bureau for the Oceans: Past Progress and Future Plans Richard S. Gross Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 Abstract: The oceans have a major impact on global geophysical proc- esses of the Earth. Nontidal changes in oceanic currents and bottom pres- sure have been shown to be a major source of polar motion excitation and also measurably change the length-of-day. The changing mass dis- tribution of the oceans causes the Earth’s gravitational field to change and causes the center-of-mass of the oceans to change which in turn causes the center-of-mass of the solid Earth to change. The changing mass distribution of the oceans also changes the load on the oceanic crust, thereby affecting both the vertical and horizontal position of ob- serving stations located near the oceans. Recognizing the important role that nontidal oceanic processes play in Earth rotation dynamics and ter- restrial reference frame definition, the International Earth Rotation Ser- vice (IERS) has recently created a Special Bureau for the Oceans (SBO) as a component of its Global Geophysical Fluids Center in order to facilitate research into these and other solid Earth geophysical processes affected by the oceans. Through the IERS SBO web site, data relating to nontidal changes in oceanic processes affecting the Earth’s rotation, de- formation, gravitational field, and geocenter can be obtained along with a bibliography of over 200 relevant publications. 1 Introduction The Earth’s rotation, encompassing both the rate of rotation as well as the terres- trial location of the rotation pole, is not constant but changes on all observable time scales from subdaily to secular. -
William Alfredo Loinaz
William Alfredo Loinaz Office Department of Physics Amherst College Amherst, MA 01002 (413) 542-7968 [email protected] EDUCATION: Ph.D. in Physics, July 1995 THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, MI. Doctoral Thesis: EXCLUSIVE SEMILEPTONIC AND RADIATIVE DECAYS OF B BARYONS TO LIGHT BARYONS M.S. in Physics, May 1991 THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, MI. B.S.E in Mechanical Engineering, Certificate in Engineering Physics, May 1989: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Princeton, NJ. Undergraduate Thesis: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE USE OF STIMULATED RAMAN SCATTERING FROM O2 FOR USE IN TAGGING SUPERSONIC AIRFLOWS RESEARCH EXPERIENCE: Visiting Researcher (July 2007-present) UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AT AMHERST. Associate Professor (July 2007-present) AMHERST COLLEGE. KITP Scholars Program (2003-2005) KAVLI INSTITUTE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS (UNIVER- SITY OF CALIFORNIA AT SANTA BARBARA). Assistant Professor (July 2000-June 2007) AMHERST COLLEGE. Visiting Researcher (July 2003-July 2004) UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AT AMHERST. Fermilab Summer Visitors Program (July/August 1999) FERMILAB. Research in electroweak phe- nomenology, strong coupling gauge theories. Postdoctoral Research Associate (1997-2000) VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE & STATE UNI- VERSITY. Research in electroweak and Higgs physics, gauge theories, perturbative QCD, lattice field theory, SUSY and strongly-coupled extensions to the Standard Model. Postdoctoral Research Associate (1995-1997) THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH. Research in perturbative QCD as applied to B physics, Higgs physics, and lattice field theory. Fermilab Summer Visitors Program (July/August 1995) FERMILAB. Research in perturbative QCD, and B physics. Research Assistant (1992-1995) THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN with Prof. R. Akhoury. Research in chiral perturbation theory, perturbative QCD, and B physics. Research Assistant (1991-1992) THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN with Prof.