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Remained More Content Specific Than Women's Magazines. the Twentieth
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 272 885 CS 209 967 AUTHOR Damon-Moore, Helen TITLE Gender as an Organizing Force in the Wtrld of Mass-Circulation Magazines. Report from the Project on a Social History of the American Reading Public, 1880-1980. Program Report 86-4. INSTITUTION Wisconsin Center for Education Research, Madison. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, DC.; Spencer Foundation, Chicago, Ill. PUB DATE Apr 86 GRANT NIE-G-84-0008 NOTE 26p. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Females; *Periodicals; *Sex Role; Social Environment; Social History; Social Indicators; Social Influences; Sociocultural Patterns; 0*Traditionalism; *Trend Analysis IDENTIFIERS Journalism History; *Womens Magazines ABSTRACT Considering gender as an organizing force in the world of magazines is productive bothbecause it allows historians to organize nineteenth and twentieth century magazinesaccording to focus and because examining the relationship between gendertargeting and actual audience responsecan reveal the validity of magazine makers' gender-role assumptions and expectations.The two major themes that emerge from this consideration involvethe relationship between advertising and gender segmentation in magazineproduction and the relationship between gender-segmented magazineproduction and audience response. From the beginning ofmass circulation magazine production, the desire to reach large numbersof women across the nation led advertisers to support the creationof separate magazines for women. Magazine producers used the culturalconcept of separate spheres as the rationale for creating gender-targeted magazines. Men's magazines have beenmore numerous, more specifically focused, and less stable than women's magazinesbecause men were not recognized as major consumers until the 1940s, whenmagazines began to rely more heavily on advertising. -
The American Celebration of Christmas During World War II
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 7-23-2018 1:30 PM Tanks and Tinsel: The American Celebration of Christmas during World War II Samantha Desroches The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Vance, Jonathan The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in History A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Samantha Desroches 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Desroches, Samantha, "Tanks and Tinsel: The American Celebration of Christmas during World War II" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5537. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5537 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract “Tanks and Tinsel: The American Celebration of Christmas during World War II” is an examination of the American celebration of Christmas during World War II. As the first comprehensive investigation into the most well-known holiday in Western culture and its role in shaping Americans’ experience and understanding of the war, it contributes to historical scholarship in three ways. First, it continues the trend of blending analyses of society into military-focused narratives of the war, and it expands the scope of this by fusing the literature of War and Society with that of Holiday History. Second, it challenges traditional views of the home front by highlighting that Christmas helped to solidify the importance of consumption in the American psyche. -
NORMAN ROCKWELL: the BUSINESS of ILLUSTRATING the AMERICAN DREAM (155 Pp.)
HOOVER, DEBORAH D., M.A. DECEMBER 2018 HISTORY NORMAN ROCKWELL: THE BUSINESS OF ILLUSTRATING THE AMERICAN DREAM (155 pp.) Thesis Advisor: Dr. Kenneth Bindas Norman Rockwell was a renowned illustrator and chronicler of American life for more than half a century, documenting the pulse of American life during pivotal times in twentieth century history. During his long and celebrated career, he navigated a wide array of business relationships through which he took direction from his clients, yet simultaneously inserted his own individualistic perceptions of society capturing change through subtle imagery and minute details. This thesis will illuminate three such relationships in order to dissect how the interplay of client to artist negotiations and communications influenced the tenor and content of the images Rockwell created and the direction of his career. For Rockwell’s magazine covers, The Saturday Evening Post in particular, the artist was expected to adhere to strict parameters of imagery designed to sell magazines to middle class consumers and business people who in the view of the publisher, epitomized American Exceptionalism and represented achievers in their quest for the American Dream. For his advertising clients, content and messaging were heavily influenced by trends in consumerism, connections of consumerism to democracy, and the science of advertising, coupled with Rockwell’s own observations of societal trends. Finally, Rockwell’s longtime association with Famous Artists Schools placed the artist and his exceptional talent in the midst of an expansive international business teaching art to those who had time to spare and sought the rewards of the American Dream. Famous Artists Schools also i provided Rockwell with structure for his multifaceted career that served to ground his family with benefits and consistency. -
Some Conditions of Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms
MORALITY AND ASPIRATION: SOME CONDITIONS OF NORMAN ROCKWELL'S FOUR FREEDOMS Sylvio Lynch III A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2020 Committee: Rebecca Mancuso, Advisor Laura Sanchez Graduate Faculty Representative Charles Coletta Andrew Hershberger ii ABSTRACT Rebecca Mancuso, Advisor The compendium of scholarly investigation in art history woefully lacks acknowledgement of perhaps the most widely known American artist of the 20th century. Norman Rockwell created works that caused non-critics to identify with understanding their sense of American identity. Rockwell also created works that caused critics to mention him by name a chief arbiter of middlebrow repression. Rockwell’s work would later be signposted as a callback to a mythical, simpler time in America. This research considers the aforementioned, exploring Rockwell’s Four Freedoms, often recalled, reinvented and discussed as symbols of American morality and aspiration. Through a focused investigation of these four works, this research defines elements of “hyper-American” expression as a subsidiary of mid-century American kitsch. Rockwell’s expressions of Americana define the rhetoric of self-realized identity that has been copied, popularized, examined, and re-examined in many areas of popular culture. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Without doubt, Dr. Rebecca Mancuso’s guidance was immensely critical to somehow molding my ideas into cohesive scholarly statements. At a time when finding an advisor seemed almost impossible, she was there to gladly help with optimism and guidance. I must thank Dr. Andrew Hershberger, whose knowledge and enthusiasm for art history breathed new life into this work, as well as my future scholarly investigation of art.