Cumberland County Nova Scotia
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Agriculture I* Canada SOILS OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY ~ NOVA SCOTIA SOILS OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY NOVA SCOTIA J.L. Nowland and J.I. MacDougalI Canada Department of Agriculture Canada Department of Agriculture and Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Marketing Report No. 17 Nova Scotia Soi1 Survey Report and maps published by Canada Department of Agriculture 1973 Copies of this publication may be obtained frorn SOlLS AND CROPS BRANCH NOVA SCOTIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND MARKETING TRU RO NOVA SCOTIA INFORMATION CANADA, OTTAWA, 1973 Cat No A57-13211973 Prinred by D W Frieçen & Sons Ltd Alrona Maivoha Contract No 01796 36523 430036523973 D CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 5 PREFACE 7 SUM MARY 7 Part 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA Location and cxtcnt ................................. .... .................. 9 Climatc ......................................... ................................. 9 Pliysiography and gecilogy ..................................................... 12 Vcgetation ............................................................................ 17 History of dcvcloprnent ........................................... ............... 20 Population. industry. and coinmunicationb ................... .............. 21 HOW THE SOlLS WERE MAPPED Mapping proccdurc .............................................................. 24 ‘ïhc soi1 profile .................................................................................. 24 Soi1 classification .................................................................................... 25 DESCRIPTION OF THE SOlLS Acadia soi1 complcx ............................................................... 26 Bridgcvillc series .................................................... ............. 29 Chaswood scrics ........................................................................... 30 Cobequid scries ............................................................... :... ........................ 3 I Cumberland scrics .......................................... ................. 32 Dcbcri series ........................................................ 33 Diligence scrics ................................................................................................ 35 Ecvnomy scrics .................................................. .:. ............................ 36 Falmouth scrics ........................................ ................. 37 Hansford scrics ............................................................................................................. 37 Hcbcrr scrics .................................................... ................... 38 Joggins scrics ............................................................................... 39 Kingsvillc scrics ................................................. ................ 40 Kirkliili series ............................................................................................................ 42 Massrown scrics .................................................... ................. 43 Mi II a r sc ries ..................................... .................. 44 Pugwash scries .................................................................................. 45 Queens scries .............................................................................................................. 46 Rodney scrics ............................................................................................... 47 Rossway series ..................................................................................... .’. ........................... 49 Shulie scrics ............................................................................................. :. .................. 49 Springhill scrics ........................................................ .................. 51 Tornieniinc scries ................................................................................................ 52 Wcsthrook scries ................................................................................. 53 Wyvcrn series .................................................................................. 55 Organic soils ....................................................................................................... 56 Misccllancous land typcs ......................................................................................... 57 LAND USE Prcscnt land use ...................................................................................................... 57 Suil capability classification for agriculture and devclopnicnt prcihlcrm .............. 61 Land capahiliiy for forcstry ...................................................................................... 69 Civil cnginccring aspects ............................ ............... 72 Part II SOlL DEVELOPMENT AND CLASSIFiCATION Soi1 formation and gcncral considerations ............ .............. 80 Soi1 classification ........................................... ................ 81 The îormation of soils in tlic survcycd arca ........................................................... R2 Soi1 profile descriptions ...................................... ........... 86 Analysis of soi1 samples ......................................................................................... II6 4 GLOSSARY 125 REFERENCES 130 APPENDIX I - Guide IO dctcrinin,iiion (11 \ail tcxtiirc 133 APFEN1)IX 2 - An,iljiiLal md ciiginccriiig d.11~ (B'ich pockct) TABLES I M«ntlily tcinpcrature and prccipitntion data ........................ II 2 Average and cxtrcmc dates of frost anil Icngili of' f'robt-frcc pcriiid .... 12 3 Prohahiliiy of frosi <iccurrcncc . ............................ 12 4 Volunics of trçc spccics ..... .................................. IX 5 Sources of grors frirni rcvcniic. 1951 aiid 1966 ....................... 58 6 Numhers of farms in gros5 incwiic clasxs ............ .................. 58 7 Farrn population. arca. and iiic of fariii land. 1951 aiid 1966 ... 59 8 Acreages of field crops. 1951 and 1966 .................................. 59 9 Yiclds of vari«us crops on the chicf agriciiltiiral soila ..... ........................ 60 IO Nuinhers of livcsiock . .. ................................ 60 II Acrcagcs of forest lypcs ...... .......... .............. hl 12 Soils in Capahility Class 2 . ...................................... ... 64 13 Soils in Cnpahility Clash 3 ........ ...... 64 14 Soils in Capahility Class 4 .............. ............ 67 15 Soils in Capahility Class 5 . .................................. 68 16 Soils in Capahility Class 6 . .. ............. .............. 70 17 Soils in Capability Class 7 ... ... ............................. 70 18 Distrihiition of land in diffcrcnt capahility cliisses ........................ 71 19 Engineering classification of soils dcrivcd froni glacial Lill ........... 75 20 Engineering classilicatioii of soils derivcd I'roni watcr-laid deposits ... 76 21 Siiitahility of the soils as sourccs of çriivcl ............... ........ 78 22 Factors iiillucncing off-road irafiicahiliiy ................ 79 23 Classification of the iniiicral soils .... .......... 83 24 Suil faiiiily classification .... ............ ... 84 25 Acrcagcs of soi1 scrics and phases .......................... 119 26 C«iiiiiion and scicntiiic naines «f plants ... ........ ....... 132 27 Locations «f soi1 sainplci iircd for cngiiiccring analyses ........................ (Appcndix 2) Appcndix 2 ................... ........ , , (Back pockct) FIGURES I Location of Cunihcrland Coiinty ;ind iircas (11 Nwa Sciitia prcviously aurvcycd 9 2 Relief and drainage ..... ................. 13 3 Gcological formations . .................... 14 4 Population of Cuinhcrlnnd C<iiiiiiy. 187 I 1900 .................. 22 5 Towns and c~ininiinic;itions . .. .......................... 23 f : 6 Gcncralizcd soi1 inap ......................................... acing page 24 7 Terininal moraine and kanies. Pnrr\horo Gap ......... .......... 25 8 Acadia soils on thc inariiic alluviuin 01' the dykeland of Minudie Coinmunity Pasturc 27 9 Acadia soils on River Hchcri dykeliind: Shulic soils on the till iipland ........ 27 IO Carrots. rasphcrrics. and corn growing (in ;illiivial Cumberland soils. River Philip 32 Il Fariiiland on Deheri and 'Iorinentine m1s on ilic undulating till plain iii nortliern Cumhcrland Coiinty .............................. 34 12 Bluchcrry field and stone piles (in ille sliallou and steep Kirkhill soils. ovcrlooking B gravclly oiit\vash plain and the Bay of Fiindy ai Parrshoro ............................. 42 13 Rolling arcas of Rodney suil iinder hliicherrics and forcat. with Hchcrt and Ciiinhcr1;ind soils on thc vallcy train gravcls and alliiviuiii. Collingwood .......... ...... 48 14 Stony Shiilic soils in an old hiirncd ;ireil. uppcr River Hchcri . ..... 50 15 Toriiicntine soils ai Shinitnccas Bridge ................................ 52 16 Rolling arcas of Wcsthrook soils \rith Cumhcrlnnd soils on the vallcy fluor. Wcsi Brook village ........... ... ........... ....... 54 17 Class 4 land on Qiiccns and M~csthrooksoils rcverting 10 aldcr scruh. Springhill 66 18 Ortliic Fcrro-Huinic Podzol. Cohcquid sandy loam ......................... afier page Il5 19 Glcyed Dcgradcd Dysiric Briinisol. Deheri siindy loam ............... aller page II5 20 Orthic Glcysol with fragipan. .Masstown sandy loam .................. after pige Il5 21 Low Hiimic Eluviated Cileysol. Kingsvillc sandy clay loam .................... aficr page Il5 22 Orrliic Humo-Fcrric Podzol. 'I«rincnrinc saiidy loam ..............................