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Deglaciation of Nova Scotia: Stratigraphy and Chronology of Lake Sediment Cores and Buried Organic Sections

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Deglaciation of Nova Scotia: Stratigraphy and Chronology of Lake Sediment Cores and Buried Organic Sections Document generated on 09/28/2021 4:12 a.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire Deglaciation of Nova Scotia: Stratigraphy and chronology of lake sediment cores and buried organic sections La déglaciation en Nouvelle-Écosse : stratigraphie et chronologie à partir de carottes sédimentaires lacustres et de coupes de matériaux organiques enfouies. Die Enteisung von Nova Scotia: Stratigraphie und Chronologie von See-Sedimentkernen und Torf-Profilen. Rudolph R. Stea and Robert J. Mott Volume 52, Number 1, 1998 Article abstract The deglaciation of Nova Scotia is reconstructed using the AMS-dated URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/004871ar chronology of lake sediments and buried organic sections exposed in the DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/004871ar basins of former glacial lakes. Ice cleared out of the Bay of Fundy around 13.5 ka, punctuated by a brief read- vance ca. 13-12.5 ka (Ice Flow Phase 4). Glacial See table of contents Lake Shubenacadie (1) formed in central Nova Scotia, impounded by a lobe of ice covering the northern Bay of Fundy outlet. Drainage was re-routed to the Atlantic Ocean until the Fundy outlet became ice free after 12 ka. When this Publisher(s) lake drained, bogs and fens formed on the lake plain during climatic warming. Organic sediment (gyttja) began to accumulate in lake basins throughout Nova Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal Scotia. Glacierization during the Younger Dryas period (ca. 10.8 ka) resulted in the inundation of lakes and lake plains with mineral sediment. The nature and ISSN intensity of this mineral sediment flux or "oscillation" varies from south to northern regions. Southern lakes simply record changes in total organic 0705-7199 (print) content whereas northern lakes, where most buried peat sections are found, 1492-143X (digital) feature a thick inorganic sediment layer. Glacial ice or permanent snow cover and seasonal melting are essential in the formation of this mineral sediment Explore this journal layer; both to provide the water source for erosion, and to prevent plant re- colonization and landscape stabilization. Some northern lakes do not appear to record the Younger Dryas event, with organic accumulation starting around 10 Cite this article ka. During the Younger Dryas, fine and coarse-grained deposits were deposited in Glacial Lake Shubenacadie (2) and other lowland areas at elevations similar Stea, R. R. & Mott, R. J. (1998). Deglaciation of Nova Scotia: Stratigraphy and to former (12 ka) lake levels, impounded by re-invigorated residual ice caps chronology of lake sediment cores and buried organic sections. Géographie and permanent snow/aufeis. physique et Quaternaire, 52(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.7202/004871ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal,1998 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1998, vol. 52, n° 1, p. 1- 19, 11 fig., 1 tabl. DEGLACIATION OF NOVA SCOTIA: STRATIGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY OF LAKE SEDIMENT CORES AND BURIED ORGANIC SECTIONS Rudolph R. STEA, Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 698, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3J 2T9, [email protected]. Robert J. MOTT, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E8. Manuscrit reçu le 16 juillet 1996 ; manuscrit révisé et accepté le 2 juin 1997 ABSTRACT,,11fig.,1tabl.R.R. 19952(1 8,STEA ), vol. 1998 52,and n° R. 1 J. MOTT The deglaciation of Nova Scotia RÉSUMÉ La déglaciation en Nouvelle- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Enteisung von is reconstructed using the AMS-dated chro- Écosse : stratigraphie et chronologie à partir Nova Scotia : Stratigraphie und Chronologie nology of lake sediments and buried organic de carottes sédimentaires lacustres et de von See-Sedimentkernen und Torf-Profilen. sections exposed in the basins of former gla- coupes de matériaux organiques enfouies.Il Man hat die Enteisung von Nova Scotia rekon- cial lakes. Ice cleared out of the Bay of Fundy s'agit d'une reconstitution à partir de la chro- struiert, indem man mittels Massenspektro- around 13.5 ka, punctuated by a brief read- nologie par spectométrie de masse (SMA) de skopie die Chronologie von See-Sedimenten vance ca. 13-12.5 ka (Ice Flow Phase 4). sédiments lacustres et de certaines coupes und vergrabenen organischen Profilen, die in Glacial Lake Shubenacadie (1) formed in de matériaux organiques enfouis dans les den Becken ehemaliger glazialer Seen ausge- central Nova Scotia, impounded by a lobe of bassins d'anciens lacs glaciaires. La baie de setzt sind, bestimmt hat. Etwa um 13,5 ka ver- ice covering the northern Bay of Fundy outlet. Fundy, libre de glace vers 13,5 ka, a connu schwand das Eis aus der Fundy-Bai, Drainage was re-routed to the Atlantic Ocean une récurrence vers 13-12,5 ka. Le Lac gla- unterbrochen durch einen kurzen Rückvor- until the Fundy outlet became ice free after ciaire Shubenacadie (1), qui s'est formé au stoß um etwa 13-12,5 ka (Eisflussphase 4). 12 ka. When this lake drained, bogs and fens centre de la Nouvelle-Écosse, a été endigué Der glaziale Shubenacadie-See (1), der sich formed on the lake plain during climatic par un lobe glaciaire qui recouvrait la sortie im Zentrum von Nova Scotia bildete, wurde warming. Organic sediment (gyttja) began to de la baie de Fundy au nord. L'écoulement a durch eine Eislobe eingedämmt, welche den accumulate in lake basins throughout Nova alors été détourné vers l'océan Atlantique Nordausläufer der Fundy-Bai bedeckte. Die Scotia. Glacierization during the Younger Dr- jusqu'au retrait de la glace vers 12 ka. Une Dränierung wurde zum Atlantischen Ozean yas period (ca. 10.8 ka) resulted in the inun- fois le lac asséché, tourbières et marécages umgeleitet bis der Fundy-Ausläufer nach 12 ka dation of lakes and lake plains with mineral se formèrent sur l'ancien fond lacustre au eisfrei wurde. Als dieser See austrocknete, bil- sediment. The nature and intensity of this cours du réchauffement climatique. Ensuite, deten sich Torfmoore und Fehne auf der See- mineral sediment flux or "oscillation" varies la gyttja s'accumula dans les bassins lacus- Ebene während einer Klimaerwärmung. Orga- from south to northern regions. Southern tres à travers la Nouvelle-Écosse. L'englace- nisches Sediment (Gyttja) begann sich in den lakes simply record changes in total organic ment au cours du Dryas récent (vers 10,8 ka) See-Becken durch ganz Nova Scotia anzu- content whereas northern lakes, where most a entraîné le comblement des lacs et des sammeln. Die Vereisung in der jüngeren buried peat sections are found, feature a plaines lacustres par des sédiments miné- Dryas-Zeit (etwa 10,8 ka) führte zur An- thick inorganic sediment layer. Glacial ice or raux.Lanatureetl'intensitédecefluxdesé- schwemmung der Seen und See-Ebenen mit permanent snow cover and seasonal melting diments ou « oscillation » varient du sud au Mineral-Sedimenten. Die Art und Intensität are essential in the formation of this mineral nord. Dans les lacs du sud, la teneur organi- dieses Mineral-Sedimentflusses oder seiner sediment layer; both to provide the water que totale a simplement varié, tandis que Oszillation ist von Süden nach Norden unter- source for erosion, and to prevent plant re- dans les lacs du nord, une importante couche schiedlich. Die südlichen Seen belegen ein- colonization and landscape stabilization. de sédiment inorganique a été déposée. Cer- fach Veränderungen im gesamten Some northern lakes do not appear to record tains lacs du nord ne semblent pas avoir en- organischen Gehalt, wohingegen die nördli- the Younger Dryas event, with organic accu- registré l'épisode du Dryas récent, chen Seen, in denen die meisten vergrabenen mulation starting around 10 ka. During the l'accumulation de matière organique ayant Torfprofile gefunden werden, eine dicke anor- Younger Dryas, fine and coarse-grained de- commencé vers 10 ka. Au Dryas récent, des ganische Sedimentschicht aufweisen. Glazia- posits were deposited in Glacial Lake dépôts à grains fins et grossiers ont été mis les Eis oder eine permanente Schneedecke Shubenacadie (2) and other lowland areas at en place dans le Lac Shubenacadie (2) et und jahreszeitbedingtes Schmelzen sind bei elevations similar to former (12 ka) lake lev- autres basses terres à des altitudes compa- der Bildung dieser Mineral-Sedimentschicht els, impounded by re-invigorated residual ice rables aux anciens niveaux lacustres (12 ka), entscheidend, sowohl, um die Wasserquelle caps and permanent snow/aufeis. endigués par des calottes glaciaires résiduel- für die Erosion bereitzustellen, als auch um die les ravivées et de neige permanente ou de Wiederansiedlung von Pflanzen und die Stabi- lentilles de glace. lisierung der Landschaft zu verhindern. Einige nördliche Seen scheinen das jüngere Dryas- Ereignis nicht zu belegen, denn ihre organi- sche Ablagerung begann um etwa 10 ka. Während des jüngeren Dryas wurden feine und grobkörnige Ablagerungen im glazialen Shubenacadie-See (2) und anderen Gebieten des Tieflands in Höhen, die den früheren See- Ebenen (12 ka) entsprechen, abgelagert, ein- gedämmt durch wiederbelebte Alluvialeiskap- pen und permanenten Schnee/Aufeis. 2 R.R. STEA and R. J. MOTT INTRODUCTION 50 AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) and beta decay radiocarbon ages from basal lake sediments, in order to For the past 30 years Nova Scotia and New Brunswick extrapolate the age of deglaciation (cf. Ogden, 1987) and lakes have been cored and studied by R. J. Mott with the pur- the onset of the Younger Dryas interval (cf.
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