Introduction to Single Board Computers and Raspberry Pi

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Introduction to Single Board Computers and Raspberry Pi Raspberry Pi Supercomputing and Scientific Programming MPI4PY, NumPy, and SciPy for Enthusiasts Ashwin Pajankar Raspberry Pi Supercomputing and Scientific Programming Ashwin Pajankar Nashik, Maharashtra, India ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-2877-7 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-2878-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-2878-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017943339 Copyright © 2017 by Ashwin Pajankar Any source code or other supplementary materials referenced by the author in this text are available to readers at www.apress.com. For detailed information about how to locate your book’s source code, go to www.apress.com/source-code/. Readers can also access source code at SpringerLink in the Supplementary Material section for each chapter. Contents at a Glance ■ Chapter 1: Introduction to Single Board Computers and Raspberry Pi ................................................................................... 1 ■ Chapter 2: Important Linux Commands and Remote Connectivity .................................................................................. 27 ■ Chapter 3: Introduction to Python ................................................ 43 ■ Chapter 4: Introduction to Supercomputing ................................. 57 ■ Chapter 5: Message Passing Interface ......................................... 61 ■ Chapter 6: Building the Supercomputer ....................................... 67 ■ Chapter 7: Overclocking Raspberry Pi.......................................... 81 ■ Chapter 8: Parallel Programming in Python 3 .............................. 87 ■ Chapter 9: Introduction to SciPy Stack and Symbolic Programming ................................................................................ 99 ■ Chapter 10: Introduction to NumPy ............................................ 109 ■ Chapter 11: Introduction to SciPy .............................................. 129 ■ Chapter 12: Signal Processing with SciPy ........................................ 139 ■ Chapter 13: Image Processing with SciPy ................................. 149 ■ Chapter 14: Matplotlib ................................................................ 159 Index .............................................................................................. 167 Contents About the Author ............................................................................ xiii About the Technical Reviewer ......................................................... xv Acknowledgments ......................................................................... xvii Introduction .................................................................................... xix ■ Chapter 1: Introduction to Single Board Computers and Raspberry Pi ................................................................................... 1 Single Board Computers (SBCs) �������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Differences Between SBCs and Regular Computers ������������������������������������������������2 System on Chip ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 History of SBCs ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Popular SBC Families �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Raspberry Pi �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Raspberry Pi Setup ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Hardware required for Raspberry Pi setup ���������������������������������������������������������������7 Manual Preparation of the MicroSD Card for Raspberry Pi ������������������������������������10 Download the Required Free Software �������������������������������������������������������������������11 Writing the Raspbian OS Image to the MicroSD Card ���������������������������������������������11 Altering the Contents of the config�txt File for VGA Monitors ���������������������������������13 Booting up the Pi ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14 Configuring the Pi ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 Raspbian ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 config�txt ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Connecting Raspberry Pi to a Network and the Internet ����������������������� 20 WiFi �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������21 Ethernet ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 Updating the Pi �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Updating the Firmware �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23 Updating and Upgrading Raspbian �������������������������������������������������������������������������24 Updating raspi-config ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 Shutting Down and Restarting Pi ���������������������������������������������������������� 25 Conclusion ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 ■ Chapter 2: Important Linux Commands and Remote Connectivity .................................................................................. 27 Important and Useful Linux Commands ������������������������������������������������ 27 Getting Help with Linux Commands �����������������������������������������������������������������������27 Network-related Commands ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������27 System Information Commands �����������������������������������������������������������������������������28 Enabling Pi for SSH from raspi-config ��������������������������������������������������� 30 Connecting to the Raspberry Pi Remotely from Windows ��������������������� 31 Checking the Connectivity with Pi from Another Computer ������������������������������������31 PuTTY ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������31 Accessing Raspberry Pi Desktop Remotely ������������������������������������������������������������34 WinSCP �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 Connecting to Raspberry Pi Using Linux or macOS ������������������������������� 40 Remote Login with SSH ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������40 Forwarding Using SSH ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������40 SCP for File Transfer �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������40 Conclusion ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 ■ Chapter 3: Introduction to Python ................................................ 43 History of Python ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43 Features of Python �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44 Simple���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������44 Easy to Learn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 Easy to Read �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 Easy to Maintain �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 Open Source �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 High-level Language �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 Portable ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 Interpreted ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 Object-Oriented ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 Extensible ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 Extensive Libraries �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 Robust ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 Rapid Prototyping ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 Memory Management ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 Powerful �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 Community Support ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 Python 3 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 47 The
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