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Exploring Social Cohesion in South Africa Within the Context of Post Apartheid Racial-Disparity Peter Schneider SIT Graduate Institute - Study Abroad

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Exploring Social Cohesion in South Africa Within the Context of Post Apartheid Racial-Disparity Peter Schneider SIT Graduate Institute - Study Abroad SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2016 Exploring Social Cohesion in South Africa Within the Context of Post Apartheid Racial-Disparity Peter Schneider SIT Graduate Institute - Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, and the Social Psychology and Interaction Commons Recommended Citation Schneider, Peter, "Exploring Social Cohesion in South Africa Within the Context of Post Apartheid Racial-Disparity" (2016). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2329. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2329 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPLORING SOCIAL COHESION IN SOUTH AFRICA WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF POST APARTHEID RACIAL-DISPARITY MY ISP MAY NOT BE PUBLISHED OR QUOTED IN ANY WAY - STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL - VIEWED BY OTHER DURBAN SIT HEALTH STUDENTS ONLY YES I HEREBY GRANT PERMISSION FOR WORLD LEARNING TO INCLUDE MY ISP IN ITS PERMANENT LIBRARY COLLECTION YES I HEREBY GRANT PERMISSION FOR WORLD LEARNING TO RELEASE MY ISP IN ANY FORMAT TO INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS, OR LIBRARIES IN THE HOST COUNTRY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES AS DETERMINED BY SIT YES HEREBY GRANT PERMISSION FOR WORLD LEARNING TO PUBLISH MY ISP ON ITS WEBSITES AND IN ANY OF ITS DIGITAL/ELECTRONIC COLLECTIONS, AND TO REPRODUCE AND TRANSMIT MY ISP ELECTRONICALLY. I UNDERSTAND THAT WORLD LEARNING␣S WEBSITES AND DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ARE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE VIA THE INTERNET. I AGREE THAT WORLD LEARNING IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY UNAUTHORIZED USE OF MY ISP BY ANY THIRD PARTY WHO MIGHT ACCESS IT ON THE INTERNET OR OTHERWISE Peter Schneider 05 May, 2016 SIT Study Abroad – South Africa: Community Health and Social Policy Spring 2016 Advisor: Dr. Rama Naidu Schneider 2 Acknowledgements This project is the culmination of three and a half months spent in South Africa and all of the experiences I had during my time abroad. If it was not for the support from countless people, I would have never been able to get to this point. First, I would like to thank the five individuals who volunteered their time to talk with me about complicated topics that can be difficult to discuss. Their willingness to talk openly about some of South Africa’s deepest issues with a complete outsider is admirable. I would also like to thank the members of the SIT Community Health and Social Policy program who kept me sane throughout. Particular thanks goes to the entire faculty and staff for organizing such a wonderful program and allowing me to experience South Africa in all of its beauty. Thank you to Zed McGladdery and Clive Bruzas for their advice and academic guidance. Thank you to Thula Majubana and Hlobi Masuku for making sure everything ran smoothly and always putting a smile on my face. And thank you to my advisor, Dr. Rama Naidu for his expertise and nuanced responses to such complex matters. Finally, thank you to my friends and family for never failing to cheer me up when the project seemed destined to fail; to my homestay family in Cato Manor for being the most loving and compassionate people I could imagine; and to South Africans for their unwavering warmth and kindness. Schneider 3 Abstract This study explores the state of social cohesion in South Africa amongst a small group of young people of different races. Social cohesion encompasses a variety of aspects, but this study focuses on racial social cohesion, which can also be thought of as racial integration. This study questions the importance of social cohesion in any society, examines the barriers to social cohesion in South Africa, explores potential solutions to those barriers. It also compares between racial disparity and economic inequality as potential causes of racial segregation. Social cohesion is a strong indicator of the general well being of a community and understanding the current perceptions of barriers is an essential step in improving social cohesion. Information for this study was collected from open-ended interviews and conversations with young South Africans living around the Durban area. Each individual had unique responses and thoughts about the current state of social cohesion. However, a noticeable trend emerged of a need to become a more socially cohesive nation; although, individuals differed on what steps to take to improve racial integration. Since the study is primarily exploratory in nature, few conclusions were made. The one overarching theme that came up was the need to establish open and honest dialogue across race lines in order to start addressing some of the underlying issues that are stunting social cohesion. Schneider 4 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 2 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 4 CONTEXT AND LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 8 DEFINING SOCIAL COHESION .................................................................................................................................... 8 MEASURING SOCIAL COHESION ................................................................................................................................ 9 MOVING PAST APARTHEID ..................................................................................................................................... 10 METHODOLOGIES ................................................................................................................................................ 13 SAMPLING PLAN ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 DATA COLLECTION: ................................................................................................................................................ 14 DATA ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 ETHICS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................................................. 18 THE LEGACY OF APARTHEID .................................................................................................................................. 19 THE FAILURE OF THE GOVERNMENT ....................................................................................................................... 22 DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE ...................................................................................................................................... 24 DIFFERENCES IN LANGUAGE ................................................................................................................................... 25 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 A NEED TO TALK .................................................................................................................................................... 28 IS RACE REALLY THE ISSUE? .................................................................................................................................. 33 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................................................... 36 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY ............................................................................................. 37 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................................... 38 LIST OF PRIMARY SOURCES ............................................................................................................................. 40 APPENDIX I: VISUALIZING THE RACIAL DIVIDE IN ST. LOUIS, MO .................................................... 41 APPENDIX II: DEFINITIONS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL...................................................................................... 42 APPENDIX III: SAMPLE QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................... 43 APPENDIX IV: OFFICIAL LRB ACTION FORM ............................................................................................. 44 APPENDIX V: EXAMPLE CONSENT FORM ...................................................................................................
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