E1940 Vol. 1 ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES of IDIP-II PROJECT

E1940 vol. 1 ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OF IDIP-II PROJECT Environmental Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Content : Page No A. The Main Report 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 5 3 Description of the Proposed Project 6 4 Description of the Environment 8 Public Disclosure Authorized 5 Significant Environmental Impacts 22 6 Analysis of Alternatives 25 7 Mitigation Management Plan 26 8 Environmental Management & Training 35 9 Monitoring Plan 36 10 Inter-Agency and Public / NGO Involvement 42 Public Disclosure Authorized 11 List of References 43 This is the format suggested by OD 4.00, Annex A-1, The World Bank. B. List of Figures: Figure 1 Location map 7 Figure 2 Annual discharge of Shardara Reservoir 30 Public Disclosure Authorized C. List of Tables : Table 1 Project Area Soil and Water Condition 10 Table 2 Project Componets 11 Table 3 Summary and Scope of Principal works 12 Table 4 Extent of Salinity within Sub-Projects 14 Table 5 Extent of Water Table Depth within Sub-Projects 15 Table 6 Indicative, Qualitative Assessment of Soil Degradation in Soil Map 16 Table 7 Irrigation Water Quality and Salinity Class 17 Table 8 Parks and Protected areas of Kazakhstan 18 Table 9 Land use of Available Lands in Republic of Kazakhstan 19 Table 10 Population and Communities 20 Table 11 Ethnic Groups of 3 Oblasts 21 Table 12 Environmental Impacts by Sub Project Related Activities 24 Table 13 Government Regulation –Buffer Zones 28 Table 14 IDIP-II, Potential Impacts, Possible Mitigation, Responsibility & Cost 44 Table 15 IDIP-II Monitoring Plan 46 Table 16 Estimated Budget for EMP 40 Table 17 Fauna of IDIP-II (Rare & Endangered Sp.) 49 Table 18 Flora of South Kazakhstan (Rare and Endangered) 56 Table 19 Indicators and Parameters for Monitoring 59 D. ANNEXES 1. ANNEX-A Makhtaaral Sub-Regions 2. ANNEX-B Kyzylkum Sub-Regions 3. ANNEX-C Arys-Turkestan Sub-Regions 4. ANNEX-D Kyzyl-Orda Sub-Regions 5. ANNEX-E Malai Sarinsky Sub -Regions 6. ANNEX-F Big Almaty Canal Sub-Regions 7. ANNEX-G Karatal Sub-Regions 8. ANNEX- H Akdala Sub-Regions 9. ANNEX-I Utemis Sub-Regions 10.ANNEX-J Shu-PMK Right Main Canal 11.ANNEX K Kapal Sub -Regions 12. ANNEX-L Merke Sub- Regions 13. ANNEX-M Kordai Sub- Regions 17. ANNEX-P Public Consultation Questionnaire (Refer section 10 of EA Main Report) 21. ANNEX-T Environmental Management Specialist TOR 1 2 The Main Report 1. Executive Summary Executive Summary of Environmental Assessment (EA) -IDIP-II Project The Environmental Assessment (EA) describes potential impacts of irrigation and drainage improvement and rehabilitation of 220,000 ha including all pilot project design areas in South Kazakhstan , Kyzyl-Orda, Zhambul and Almaty. The legal framework requires to carry out “State Ecological Expertise” (SEE), report, which is the public review of the environmental impact assessment caused by IDIP-II. The Client (CWR) has to sent this document or adjust this EA document to fit SEE, and send it to MOEB for approval. The IDIP-II project description: In 2004, the index of poverty has decreased below 12.2 % and the quarterly minimum cost of living is 5.537 Tenge. Total population of the IDIP-II project was not obtained. The potential for water logging and secondary salinization will be managed by vertical drainage, and with cleaned and deepened interfarm and on farm collector drains. Kazakhstan is a land locked country bordering Russia to the north and north West, Tukmenistan, Uzbekstan and Kyrgyzstan to the south and China to the East. Current environmental problems and degradation of natural resources in IDIP-II arises from past economic policies and practices of former soviet union (FSA). Following problems are identified as constraints on environmentally sustainable agricultural development: • Waterlogging and salinization of soils due to poor design and construction, reduced O&M and in some cases non operation of irrigation and drainage system. • Inadequate environmental standards and policies , that are in some cases incompatible with international norms, which in turn are not appropriately implemented, enforced or monitored due to ineffective environmental management and monitoring system. The project areas were chosen to have good to moderate saline areas, but some Sub-project within the rayons have some strongly saline or unsuitable land due to high water table (<2 meters) for agriculture. When combined, high salinity and water table resulted in totally unsuitable land for commercial agriculture.. The subregions of Makhtaaral & Kyzyl-Orda have the greatest concentration of strongly saline soils The effect of IDIP-II on natural and social resources can be described as follows. Under the IDIP-II an area of 220,000 ha has been outlined for. As proposed , after leaching the land will be returned to intensive farming . With drainage rehabilitation, changes in land use are expected . The impact assessment has been simplified into three main components: (1) Project design , (2) Project Construction and (3) Project operation. Out of 7 project related activities , no adverse environmental impacts are expected. 3 If the irrigation and drainage situation is not improved in IDIP-II Project areas , the whole agriculture system in South Kazakhstan will collapse. The whole region would become waterlogged and saline. However, most of the potential impacts that are created will be effectively mitigated. The environmental impacts related to project design, construction and operation will not effect the environment. Environmental Management information will be prepared on : 1. Mitigation information for closed vertical bore holes and destroyed horizontal canals to avoid contamination of ground water for village water use. 2. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) training for persistent chemical weed and pest killers. A guide to safe use of agricultural pesticide & herbicide. 3. Reforestation of indigenous plants for environmental sustainability and biodiversity preservation. The consultant proposes that the Committee of Water Resources (CWR) and Ministry of Environment and Biological Resources (MOEB) will be responsible for project development and environmental management. To do so , a small number of Rayons and WUA will be trained in water and soil salinity, reforestation and biodiversity conservation, monitoring with equipments and procedures. One or more short courses for professional development will be organized in project institutions or training centers. An Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP) will have to be formulated to avoid any unforeseen negative or adverse environmental effects when implementing IDIP-II Project. This is required to guarantee effectiveness of mitigation measures. And a monitoring program very much needed to see how the Environmental Management Plan is working. Please refer to Environmental Monitoring Plan (Table 15) of IDIP-II project and the main objective of the monitoring plan as follows: • Regular soil physical and chemical analysis . Other components involved are weed , pest and fertilizer. • Regular surface, ground and drainage water sampling and analysis inside the irrigation and drainage project. Depending on the initial result of the monitoring the space and intensity of analysis could be increased or decreased , and • The fodder crops , animal tissue and milk should be analyzed for pesticides. Depending on the results, the analysis could be continued or discontinued. During the Environmental Assessment (EA) process, all important Government Departments (MOEB, CWR, Hydromet, MA) were consulted, and information collected from concerned institutions. Public Consultations were held in Makhtaaral, Kyzylkum, Arys Turkestan and Kyzyl –Orda. Interviews were taken for project residents and farmers , their views on impact on the environment. They are presented in ANNEX for future references. No NGO’s are involved in any of the project area . To upgrade the environment and effectively run the monitoring program , individual farmers or Rural Consumers Cooperatives (RCC) and farmers under WUA will undergo training paid by IDIP-II project. This training program will be on “Environmental Awareness “, monitoring soil and water component , 4 reforestation along main, secondary and tertiary canals, community composting and bio-gas programs. Training are planned to monitor soil and water salinity, community composting and reforestation on canals and vertical drainage sites. The total monitoring cost for IDIP-II project (220,000 Ha) USD $ 1,284,992 (Table …16). If we spread the cost for monitoring over the whole IDIP-II (220,000 ha) Project it comes to about US $ 5.84 / ha . It is worth to spend that money on monitoring. The findings and recommendations from Environmental Assessment (EA ) report are as follows: 1. There are no negative environmental impacts due to IDIP-II project formulation , design, implementation and operation. 2. The only negative impacts identified are transitory ones and can be mitigated during design , construction and operation. 3. All other impacts are positive 4. There is no need for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies and subsequent (EIA) report. 2. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework The policy and the law on “Environmental Protection “ was published in June 1991 in order to clarify the state ownership of natural resources including water , land , forests and wildlife. The law also shows the conduct of the State Ecological Expertise (SEE), which is the public review of the environmental impact assessment caused

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