Men's Involvement in Antenatal Care Services (ANC) with a Case Study of Kibuli, Makindye Division, Kampala
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MEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN ANTENATAL CARE SERVICES (ANC). A CASE STUDY OF KIBULI, MAKINDYE DIVISION, KAMPALA DISTRICT. By NAMAKULA LILLIBET (2010-BSCPH-FT-015) A research report submitted to the Institute of Health Policy and Management (IHPM) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Bachelors degree in Public Health of International Health Science University (IHSU). September, 2013. DECLARATION I, Namakula Lillibet, hereby declare that the contents of this research work are as a result of my findings and they have never been presented in any other University for an award. Signed …………………………………… Date: ………………………………... NAMAKULA LILLIBET i APPROVAL This work has been approved under my supervision and submitted for examination by my approval. Signed ………………………………………… Date: ………………… MRS. CHRISTINE GALUKANDE ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Hodge Semakula, my family and friends for their undying love, care and support rendered to me throughout this course. May the almighty God richly reward you. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the following for having made the completion of this work possible and successful. I am grateful to God, above all, for having given me his grace to withstand all the challenges that this study presented, and for guiding me in every stage of this research. This piece of work would not have been accomplished without the support of several people. It is impossible to mention all by name however my special thanks go to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Hodge Semakula. I sincerely thank my supervisors Mrs. Christine Galukande and Mr. Pardon Akugizibwe for their incessant nudging, words of wisdom and motivation. I am also grateful to other colleagues and lecturers that patiently guided me and encouraged me to work harder. I am thankful to all my classmates and friends of the academic year 2010-2013 who were of great support throughout my period of study. You went from being strangers to practically family-I love you guys. I sincerely acknowledge all the participants who were part of this study together with the many acquaintances whose help enabled me to complete the research on time. Thank you for allowing me into your community to carry out this research and rendering your valued time to participate in this research. iv ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ANC: Antenatal Care FIGO: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus ICM: International Confederation of Midwives IHPM: Institute of Health Policy and Management IHSU: International Health Science University MoH: Ministry of Health PMTCT: Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission SRH: Sexual and Reproductive Health UBOS: Uganda Bureau of Statistics UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund UNICEF: United Nations Children's Fund WHO: World Health Organization v OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Antenatal care according to WHO constitutes screening for health and socioeconomic conditions likely to increase the possibility of specific adverse pregnancy outcomes, providing therapeutic interventions known to be effective; and educating pregnant women about planning for safe birth, emergencies during pregnancy and how to deal with them. Attitude is the way males think, feel or behave towards their involvement in ANC. Culture in this case refers to the characteristics of a particular group of people or society, defined by everything from language, ideas, beliefs, values, customs, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Environment in this case will include the social, political or economic conditions that influence behavior. Involvement in this context will mean to take part in or to make somebody take part in the ANC program. It will include active participation through attending ANC with the partner. Knowledge refers to the information, understanding and skills that were gained through education or experience that supports or deters the involvement of males in ANC. Lifestyle is a collection of related behaviors that go together to form a pattern of living. Men in this case refer to adult male respondents aged 18 years and more, in a sexual relationship and working in the informal sector or lower class of employment. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .............................................................................................................................. i APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................. iv ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................ v OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................................. xii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 1.0 Introduction to the study ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background to the study ............................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Background to the study area ..................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Problem statement ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research objectives .................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1General objective ...................................................................................................................... 6 vii 1.4.2 Specific objectives ................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Research questions ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.5.1General question ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.5.2 Specific questions .................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Significance of the study ............................................................................................................ 8 1.7 Conceptual Framework .............................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................ 10 2.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Proportion of men involved in antenatal care services (ANC) ................................................ 10 2.2 Individual factors that influence men’s involvement in antenatal care services (ANC) .......... 12 2.3 Men’s level of knowledge on antenatal care services (ANC) .................................................. 14 2.4 Healthcare service factors that influence men’s involvement in antenatal care services (ANC) ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 18 3.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 18 3.1 Study design ............................................................................................................................. 18 3.2 Population ................................................................................................................................. 18 3.3 Sources of data ......................................................................................................................... 19 viii 3.4 Sample size determination ....................................................................................................... 19 3.5 Sampling procedure .................................................................................................................. 20 3.6 Study variables ......................................................................................................................... 21 3.6.1 Dependent variable .......................................................................................................... 21 3.6.2 Independent variables .....................................................................................................