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Turismo, Patrimonio Y Representaciones Espaciales

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Turismo, Patrimonio Y Representaciones Espaciales Turismo, patrimonio y representaciones espaciales Ilia Alvarado Sizzo Álvaro López López (Editores) Colección PASOS edita, n° 22 Turismo, patrimonio y representaciones espaciales Ilia Alvarado-Sizzo Álvaro López López (Editores) María de Lourdes Godínez Calderón José María Casado Izquierdo (Editores Cartográficos) Colección PASOS edita, n° 22 www.pasosonline.org Turismo, patrimonio y representaciones espaciales/ Ilia Alvarado-Sizzo y Álvaro López López (Eds.) / Tenerife: PASOS, RTPC/ 2018/ 328 p. incluida bibliografía. 1. Turismo 2. Patrimonio 3. Imagen 4. Territorios turísticos. I Ilia Alvarado-Sizzo y Álvaro López López. II “Turismo, patrimonio y representaciones espaciales”. III PASOS, Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural. IV Colección PASOS Edita Sistema de Clasificación Decimal Dewey: 300 - 301 Edita: PASOS, Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural [email protected] Tenerife (España) Director de la colección: Agustín Santana Talavera www.pasosonline.org - Colección PASOS Edita, No. 22 Diseño de la portada: Ivonne Alejandra Bigode Alvarez Fotografía de cubierta: Everaldo Batista da Costa Editores cartográficos: Ma. Lourdes Godínez Calderón y José María Casado Izquierdo ISBN: 978-84-88429-38-4 La presente obra es resultado de una investigación científica y contó con dictámenes de expertos externos. Está publicación ha recibido el apoyo del Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Inves- tigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT) de la Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Proyecto de Investigación: “Turismo cultural en Ciudades del Patrimonio Mundial y Pueblos Mágicos: una perspectiva de análisis desde las representaciones espaciales” 2016-2018 (Clave: IA301116; responsable: Ilia Alvarado-Sizzo; corresponsable: Álvaro López López). El contenido de este libro es res- ponsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no refleja necesariamente la opinión de esa institución. Agradecimientos Esta obra es resultado del proyecto de investigación: Turismo cultural en Ciudades del Patrimonio Mundial y Pueblos Mágicos: una perspectiva de análisis desde las representaciones espaciales (clave: IA301116) financia- do por el Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT) de la Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ilia Alvarado-Sizzo y Álvaro López López, investigadores del Instituto de Geo- grafía de la UNAM, responsable y corresponsable del proyecto y editores del presente libro, deseamos externar nuestro agradecimiento a ese programa por permitir la consolidación del grupo de investigación que dio origen a las pro- puestas de este volumen. También se agradece al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México que apoyó una parte del desarrollo de este libro, a través del proyecto Turismo oscuro en México: un enfoque interdisciplinario desde las ciencias sociales (con- vocatoria CB-2014-01 y solicitud 239653) a cargo de Álvaro López López. En el proyecto se integraron como autores académicos de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (del Instituto de Geografía, la Facultad de Arte y Diseño, y el Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental), la Univer- sidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, la Universidad de Guanajuato, la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, así como de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en España y la Universidad Pedagógica de Cracovia en Polonia. Agradecemos profundamente la dedicación y compromiso que las y los autores tuvieron en el desarrollo de sus investigaciones. A lo largo del proyecto contamos con el apoyo de los estudiantes de la licen- ciatura en Geografía de la UNAM Marco Antonio Barriga Rivas, Álvaro Díaz Díaz y Adriana Dennise Rodríguez Blanco, quienes apoyaron el desarrollo del proyecto: Marco Antonio y Álvaro colaboraron en trabajos de campo y con- cluyeron sus tesis en el marco del proyecto, y Adriana Dennise contribuyó en la logística del libro. La Mtra. Lourdes Godínez Calderón y el Dr. José María Casado Izquierdo fueron los editores cartográficos de los mapas temáticos, así como autores y editores de los mapas de ubicación. Los capítulos que integran esta obra fueron dictaminados bajo el sistema de evaluación por pares de doble ciego; a todas y todos los evaluadores les extendemos un reconocimiento especial por el tiempo dedicado a esta labor. Al Dr. Everaldo Batista da Costa, de la Universidad de Brasilia, le damos las gracias por el magnífico prólogo que abre esta edición, así como por la genti- leza de ceder la fotografía que ilustra la portada principal y las imágenes que aparecen en las portadas de las tres primeras partes de la obra. Nuestro más profundo agradecimiento al Dr. Agustín Santana Talavera, Director de PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural por su apoyo en la evaluación, edición y publicación de esta obra dentro la Colección PASOS Edita. Ilia Alvarado-Sizzo Álvaro López López Turismo, patrimonio y representaciones espaciales ÍNDICE Espacio, técnica y representación. Preludio a una epistemología 9 del futuro patrimonial Everaldo Batista da Costa Turismo, patrimonio y representaciones espaciales. Introducción a una 15 reflexión necesaria. Ilia Alvarado-Sizzo, Álvaro López López PRIMERA PARTE 25 CONSIDERACIONES TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICAS Capítulo 1. Representaciones espaciales, patrimonio y turismo: 27 apuntes teórico-metodológicos Ilia Alvarado-Sizzo; Fernando Zamora Águila y Álvaro López López SEGUNDA PARTE 53 CIUDADES DEL PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL Y SUS REPRESENTACIONES DESDE FUENTES HISTÓRICAS Y OFICIALES Capítulo 2. La imagen turística de las Ciudades Patrimonio y los Pueblos 55 Mágicos de México desde una perspectiva histórica Eugenio Mercado López Capítulo 3. La construcción de la imagen turística del Guanajuato 81 “colonial”, en la etapa independiente de México José Eduardo Vidaurri Aréchiga y Rafael Guerrero Rodríguez Capítulo 4. La imagen turística del Centro Histórico de Morelia: 101 promoción y gestiones a partir de su inclusión en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial (1991-2017) Carlos Alberto Hiriart Pardo TERCERA PARTE 135 REPRESENTACIONES E IMAGINARIOS DESDE LA INTERACCIÓN LOCAL CON EL TURISMO Capítulo 5. La imagen turística: percepciones de la población mexicana 137 sobre Todos Santos, Baja California Sur, como Pueblo Mágico Alba E. Gámez Vázquez, Manuel Ángeles Villa, Ivonne Gómez Cabrera y Eduardo Juárez León Capítulo 6. El Pueblo Mágico de Bacalar: construcción de un imaginario 155 y ocupación del suelo en el litoral de la Laguna de los Siete Colores, Quintana Roo, México Enrique Humberto Gómez Pech y Sara Barrasa García Capítulo 7. La imagen turística en las interacciones entre visitantes 181 e informadores María del Carmen Mínguez García Capítulo 8. Cambios en la imagen urbana de Chignahuapan, México, a 205 partir de la apropiación del ajolote como elemento turístico-patrimonial Gino Jafet Quintero Venegas y Álvaro López López CUARTA PARTE 233 PATRIMONIO, TURISMO Y REPRESENTACIONES VISUALES Capítulo 9. Morelia en un hashtag. La imagen turística de la ciudad desde 235 Instagram L. Alejandrina Pérez Ayala Capítulo 10. Dibujando un sitio de atrocidad y tragedia: la percepción 257 turística del ‘patrimonio difícil’ del Museo de Auschwitz–Birkenau, Polonia Penélope Castro Pérez y Mirosław Wójtowicz Capítulo 11. Experiencia visual y turístico-recreativa de los visitantes del 289 Molino de Flores, México Rafael Hernández Espinosa y Juan Carlos Monterrubio Cordero AUTORES Y AUTORAS 315 Espacio, técnica y representación. Preludio a una epistemología del futuro patrimonial. Everaldo Batista da Costa El espacio vivido, percibido y concebido1 es, siempre, representación e imagen del mundo, pues se realiza, en contenido, en y por la conciencia. Hablar de representaciones del espacio, entonces, remite a la idea plural de conciencia(s) sobre el espacio. Si la representación está contenida en la imagen, y si todo el conjunto de la realidad es dado, en primer lugar, como participante de la conciencia, o mejor, como conciencia en sí misma [caso contrario, la realidad jamás se podría tornar consciente],2 es posible considerar este libro en sí como un importante esfuerzo intelectual de la representación discursiva del mundo, por el prisma triádico que amalgama espacio, turismo y patrimonio. El mayor desafío enfrentado por los autores de esta colectiva, seguramen- te fue el de asumir y presentar una filiación teórico-metodológica sobre las representaciones espaciales que resultan de/en la turistificación y de/en la pa- trimonialización [mecanismos universales de valorización y de valoración, pero también de banalización y de omisión con los lugares de vida colectiva].3 1 La geografía mundial, en diferentes corrientes de método, desde la década de 1960, presenta propuestas analíticas que involucran al espacio en esa tríada o en parte de ella. El filósofo Henri Lefebvre, el geógrafo David Harvey y otros autores subsecuentes son precursores de esa discusión fortalecida en el campo disciplinar, que no se restringe a la Geografía Crítica, sino que avanza en la Geografía Humanista. 2 J. P. Sartre fundamenta esa discusión en la obra La imaginación. 3 Para el debate de la banalización por la escenarización progresiva de los lugares de cultura y de naturaleza mundiales [catalizada por el Estado-mercado neoliberal, con base en las técnicas], vease Costa (2014). Alvarado-Sizzo, I. y López, Á. (2018). Turismo, patrimonio y representaciones espaciales. La Laguna (Tenerife):
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