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Impacts of Illegal Dumping in East Palo Alto

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Impacts of Illegal Dumping in East Palo Alto IMPACTS OF ILLEGAL DUMPING IN EAST PALO ALTO: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE A Thesis submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree 3 0 J o l t Master of Arts In Geography by Misty Janell McKinney San Francisco, California December 2017 Copyright by Misty Janell McKinney 2017 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read Impacts of Illegal Dumping in East Palo Alto: An Environmental Justice Perspective by Misty Janell McKinney, and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Arts in Geography at San Francisco State University. Tendai Chitewere, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Geography IMPACTS OF ILLEGAL DUMPING IN EAST PALO ALTO: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE Misty Janell McKinney San Francisco, California 2017 While it is well documented that illegal dumping of trash causes significant environmental impacts on land, water and air. It can also contribute to poor health in local communities where it occurs. Because illegal dumping is often concentrated in low-income communities and communities of color, it is an environmental injustice. Research on environmental justice and illegal dumping of solid waste has been widely studied separately. However, there are limited studies linking environmental justice and illegal dumping of solid waste. To explore if low-income communities and communities of color are disproportionately burdened with illegal dumping, a case study was conducted in the City of East Palo Alto. Data was collected from interviews and textual analysis of government and public documents was conducted. Results indicate that current policies to address the illegal dumping of municipal solid waste are inadequate, do not decrease incidences of illegal dumping, and persecutes the burdened community. East Palo Alto needs to strengthen community engagement, increase education about illegal dumping, and implement opportunity reduction strategies to reduce illegal dumping. Awareness gained from the case study of East Palo Alto will help other municipalities understand the complexities of mitigating illegal dumping. I certify that the Abstract is a correct representation of the content of this thesis. Chair, Thesis Committee PREFACE AND/OR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Normally I would like to thank my advisors, Tendai Chitewere and Jennifer Blecha, for their guidance, support and expertise throughout the time it took to complete my thesis. Thank you to Academic Technology for providing space in the library to have meaningful discussion for this research. Thank you to all the participants in the research; this study would not have been possible without your expertise. I thank my family and friends for their constant support and encouragement. Finally, I would like to thank my partner Eli Saddler and son Drake Saddler, aka Turtle, for their encouragement and patience throughout the years. It has been a long and challenging journey, but I thank you both for standing by me until the end. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Table....................................................................................................................viii List of Figures...................................................................................................................ix List of Appendices............................................................................................................xi A. Introduction....................................................................................................................1 1. Illegal Dumping............................................................................................... 6 2. Environmental Justice....................................................................................11 3. East Palo A lto.................................................................................................17 4. Illegal Dumping and Public Policy................................................................26 B. Methods...................................................................................................................... 35 C. Results........................................................................................................................ 41 1. Community Engagement................................................................................. 42 2. Illegal Dumping................................................................................................ 46 3. Enforcement............................................................................. 51 4. Environmental Justice................................................................................... 58 5. Financial Cost................................................................................................ 65 6. Lack of Outreach/Information......................................................................68 7. Lack of Responsibility.................................................................................. 71 8. Cultural Difference/Indifference...................................................................73 9. Access.............................................................................................................74 10. Other Consideration.....................................................................................77 D. Discussion and Conclusions......................................................................................78 E. References................................................................................................................. 83 F. Appendices................................................................................................................90 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Situational Crime Prevention Characteristics......................................................5 2. East Palo Alto Demographics............................................................................23 3. East Palo Alto Housing Unit Structure............................................................. 25 4. East Palo Alto Renter Household Income........................................................25 5. U.S. Municipal Solid Waste Generation........................................................... 27 6. Interview Themes................................................................................................ 41 7. Community Engagement................................................................................... 42 8. Illegal Dumping.................................................................................................. 47 9. Enforcement.........................................................................................................52 10. Environmental Justice.........................................................................................59 11. Financial Cost......................................................................................................65 12. Lack of Outreach/Information...........................................................................68 13. Lack of Responsibility........................................................................................71 14. Cultural Difference/Indifference........................................................................73 15. Access.................................................................................................................. 75 16. East Palo Alto Situational Crime Prevention Activities .................................. 79 LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 1. City of East Palo Alto M ap..................................................................................19 2. Signs made by local students in English and Samoan.......................................44 3. Illegal Dumping near the Bay Trail.................................................................. 48 4. Illegal dumping on Weeks Street......................................................................48 5. Illegal dumping on Weeks Street......................................................................49 6. City of East Palo Alto Illegal Dumping Incident Map......................................50 7. Illegal dumping sign on the corner of Pulgas and Weeks St............................54 8. Illegal dumping and warning signs at a donation center................................. 54 9. Illegal dumping sign between Euclid and Manhattan Ave..............................55 10. Illegal dumping outside donation center.......................................................... 57 11. Illegal dumping next to parking lot...................................................................57 12. K-12 student created sign for beautification......................................................58 13. Illegal dumping of demolition waste next to wildlife refuge..........................61 14. Illegal dumping blocking sidewalk ....................................................................62 15. Abandoned waste from homeless community...................................................64 16. Recology outreach material sent to homeowners.............................................. 70 17. Hauling truck full of waste.................................................................................. 76 18. Trailer parked full of waste................................................................................. 76 19. Trailer parked full of waste on Bay Street........................................................77
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