Terms and Names:

H-Bomb Dwight Eisenhower Eisenhower Doctrine

Brinkmanship Francis Gary Powers

U-2 Incident John Foster Dulles Warsaw Pact

Central Intelligence Agency Set-Up: The United States and the came to the brink of nuclear war during the 1950s! -Arms Race between US and USSR started after the Soviets detonated their own atomic bomb in 1949.

-The US then pushed forward to create the H-bomb or Hydrogen bomb. It would be 67x more destructive than the A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima.

-The Soviets developed and detonated their own within a year of the US.

-This starts an arms race for firepower and superiority between the two sides -During the race for the H-bomb a new president is elected.

-Former WWII hero, all-star, and legend born in Texas but raised in Abilene, Kansas…Dwight D. Eisenhower -Foreign policy under the Eisenhower administration was instituted by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. American foreign policy centered around trimming tradition military assets and expanding the Air Force so that nuclear warfare could be used as a threat with immediacy. This threat would deter the spread of communism according to Dulles

-This policy would be matched by the USSR

-This policy became known as BRINKMANSHIP -The spreads beyond the borders of the US and USSR as the two sides try to gain influence and favor in the Middle East, Latin America, and Europe. -The CIA will gather intelligence and carry out secret missions that are meant to gain strategic power and influence over the USSR -The Cold War spreads beyond the borders of the US and USSR as the two sides try to gain influence and favor in the Middle East, Latin America, and Europe. -The CIA will gather intelligence and carry out secret missions that are meant to gain strategic power and influence over the USSR

A result of the Suez Crisis was the introduction of the Eisenhower Doctrine. Essentially extending the Truman doctrine to the Middle East. -In the midst of all this, Stalin dies in 1953. His replacement is a guy named Nikita Khrushchev. Relations between the US and USSR actually got better, but inclusion of West Germany in NATO and it’s rearmament re-stressed those relations. -When Nikita Khrushchev takes power -Denounces Stalinism and has grave moved outside Kremlin -Relations with China are fractured -Sought peaceful coexistence with the capitalist nations -Launched Sputnik -Put first man in space -Crushed a revolt in Hungary -Oversaw the building of the Wall -In power during the Cuban Missile Crisis -As the US and USSR compete globally for power and influence the USSR will counter the United States formation of NATO by creating the Warsaw Pact in 1955

East Germany Poland Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Albania Soviet Union The Space Race informally began with the launch of Sputnik on 10.4.1957 by the Soviets

This shocked Americans who panicked at the thought that the Soviets had technologically caught up to the United States

America’s first attempt at launching a satellite failed, but they managed to put one in orbit on 1.31.1958

LEGO SPUTNIK In 1955, The four leaders of the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics met in Geneva, Switzerland to discuss German unification and arms control. President Eisenhower introduces his “Open Skies Policy” to the group.

-The dismissal of this policy led to secret U-2 flights over Soviet territory. -This wasn’t the best kept secret though -Eventually, Francis Powers, a U-2 pilot was shot down over Soviet air space and captured -Eisenhower denied spying on the USSR, but soon had to admit to the task

-this angered Khrushchev who called off an upcoming summit on arms control and pulled an invitation for Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union

These events reignited the tension between the two sides.