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Max Ernst Was a German-Born Surrealist Who Helped Shape the Emergence of Abstract Expressionism in America Post-World War II
QUICK VIEW: Synopsis Max Ernst was a German-born Surrealist who helped shape the emergence of Abstract Expressionism in America post-World War II. Armed with an academic understanding of Freud, Ernst often turned to his work-whether sculpture, painting, or collage-as a means of processing his experience in World War I and unpacking his feelings of dispossession in its wake. Key Ideas / Information • Ernst's work relied on spontaneity (juxtapositions of materials and imagery) and subjectivity (inspired by his personal experiences), two creative ideals that came to define Abstract Expressionism. • Although Ernst's works are predominantly figurative, his unique artistic techniques inject a measure of abstractness into the texture of his work. • The work of Max Ernst was very important in the nascent Abstract Expressionist movement in New York, particularly for Jackson Pollock. DETAILED VIEW: Childhood © The Art Story Foundation – All rights Reserved For more movements, artists and ideas on Modern Art visit www.TheArtStory.org Max Ernst was born into a middle-class family of nine children on April 2, 1891 in Brühl, Germany, near Cologne. Ernst first learned painting from his father, a teacher with an avid interest in academic painting. Other than this introduction to amateur painting at home, Ernst never received any formal training in the arts and forged his own artistic techniques in a self-taught manner instead. After completing his studies in philosophy and psychology at the University of Bonn in 1914, Ernst spent four years in the German army, serving on both the Western and Eastern fronts. Early Training The horrors of World War I had a profound and lasting impact on both the subject matter and visual texture of the burgeoning artist, who mined his personal experiences to depict absurd and apocalyptic scenes. -
Papers of Surrealism, Issue 8, Spring 2010 1
© Lizzie Thynne, 2010 Indirect Action: Politics and the Subversion of Identity in Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore’s Resistance to the Occupation of Jersey Lizzie Thynne Abstract This article explores how Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore translated the strategies of their artistic practice and pre-war involvement with the Surrealists and revolutionary politics into an ingenious counter-propaganda campaign against the German Occupation. Unlike some of their contemporaries such as Tristan Tzara and Louis Aragon who embraced Communist orthodoxy, the women refused to relinquish the radical relativism of their approach to gender, meaning and identity in resisting totalitarianism. Their campaign built on Cahun’s theorization of the concept of ‘indirect action’ in her 1934 essay, Place your Bets (Les paris sont ouvert), which defended surrealism in opposition to both the instrumentalization of art and myths of transcendence. An examination of Cahun’s post-war letters and the extant leaflets the women distributed in Jersey reveal how they appropriated and inverted Nazi discourse to promote defeatism through carnivalesque montage, black humour and the ludic voice of their adopted persona, the ‘Soldier without a Name.’ It is far from my intention to reproach those who left France at the time of the Occupation. But one must point out that Surrealism was entirely absent from the preoccupations of those who remained because it was no help whatsoever on an emotional or practical level in their struggles against the Nazis.1 Former dadaist and surrealist and close collaborator of André Breton, Tristan Tzara thus dismisses the idea that surrealism had any value in opposing Nazi domination. -
EXPRESSIONISM- NEO-PLASTICISM (De Stijl)- SURREALISM
04.12.2012 ART IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: EXPRESSIONISM- NEO-PLASTICISM (De Stijl)- SURREALISM Week 9 Expressionism In Germany, a group known as Expressionists insisted art should express the artists feelings rather than images of the real world. The belief that the artist could directly convey some kind of inner feeling- - emotional or spiritual- - through art was a fashionable idea in German artistic and intellectual circles at the beginning of the twentieth century. Artists had been encouraged to ‘break free’ from civilized constraints and Academic conventions and somehow express themselves more freely; these ideas are fundamental to what we call German ‘Expressionist’ art. From 1905 to 1930, Expressionism the use of distorted, exaggerated forms and colors for emotional impact dominated German art. This subjective trend, which is the foundation of much twentieth century art, began with Van Gogh, Gauguin and Munch in the late nineteenth century, and continued with Belgian painter James Ensor (1860-1849), and Austrian painters Gustav Klimt (1862-1918), Egon Schiele (1890- 1918), and Oscar Kokoschka (1886-1980). But it was in Germany, with two separate groups Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter, the Expressionism reached maturity. Die Brücke: Founded in 1905 by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880- 1938) Der Blaue Reiter: Founded in Munich around 1911 by Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944). 1 04.12.2012 DIE BRÜCKE (BRIDGE): BRIDGING THE GAP • Die Brücke founded by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880- 1938) • Members include Ernst Ludwig in 1905. Kirchner (1880–1938), Erich • The aim was to sieze avantgarde spirit. Heckel (1883–1970), and Emil • Members believed their work would be a “bridge” to the Nolde (1867–1956). -
History of a Natural History: Max Ernst's Histoire Naturelle
HISTORY OF A NATURAL HISTORY: MAX ERNST'S HISTOIRE NATURELLE, FROTTAGE, AND SURREALIST AUTOMATISM by TOBIAS PERCIVAL ZUR LOYE A THESIS Presented to the Department of Art History and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June 2010 --------------_._--- 11 "History of a Natural History: Max Ernst's Histoire Naturelle, Frottage, and Surrealist Automatism," a thesis prepared by Tobias Percival zur Loye in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Department of Art History. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: Date Committee in Charge: Dr. Sherwin Simmons, Chair Dr. Joyce Cheng .Dr. Charles Lachman Accepted by: Dean of the Graduate School III An Abstract of the Thesis of Tobias Percival zur Loye for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Art History to be taken June 2010 Title: HISTORY OF A NATURAL HISTORY: MAX ERNST'S HISTOIRE NATURELLE, FROTTAGE, AND SURREALIST AUTOMATISM Approved: When Andre BreJon released his Manifesto ofSurrealism in 1924, he established the pursuit of psychic automatism as Surrealism's principle objective, and a debate concerning the legitimacy or possibility of Surrealist visual art ensued. In response to this skepticism, Max Ernst embraced automatism and developed a new technique, which he called frottage , in an attempt to satisfy Breton's call for automatic activity, and in 1926, a collection of thirty-four frottages was published under the title Histoire Naturelle. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of Histoire Naturelle by situating it in the theoretical context of Surrealist automatism and addresses the means by which Ernst incorporated found objects from the natural world into the semi-automatic production of his frottages. -
12 Surrealism Angela Zornetsky Pace University
Pace University DigitalCommons@Pace Art High School 1-1-2010 Grades 9 - 12 Surrealism Angela Zornetsky Pace University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/high_art Part of the Art Practice Commons Recommended Citation Zornetsky, Angela,"Grades 9-12 Surrealism" (2010). Art. Paper 1. http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/high_art/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the High School at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Art by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lesson Plan Your Name: Angela Zornetsky Unit Name: Surrealism Course Name: Studio in Art (grades 9-12) Lesson Number: 6: Introduction to and completion of the final project for the unit Length of Lesson: 8 days State Standards 1: Creating and performing in the arts; 2: Addressed: Knowing and using materials and resources; 3: Responding to and analyzing works of art; 4: Understanding the cultural dimensions & contributions of the arts Essential Question(s) for this lesson: 1. How did the Surrealists use the elements and principles of art to communicate their ideas? 2. To what degree can chance and accident dictate art? 3. In what ways can an artist express his or her ideas without literal representation? 4. Is there a relationship amongst dreams, the subconscious, and automatic activities (e.g. freewriting or exquisite corpse)? 5. Does art often have one, correct interpretation? Evidence of Student Understanding (Assessment) in this Lesson: Students produce a work of art that uses Surrealist techniques. Artwork and reflections demonstrate an understanding of the concepts discussed (abandoning traditional methods in favor of chance, dreams, collaboration, or other Surrealist methods). -
Talented Art 1-4 - Ms
Talented Art 1-4 - Ms. Jensen - Grace King High School Assignment #1 - Surreal Circumstances | Size: 8x10 | Media: Any | Sketch & Final READ: SURREALISM Source: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/hd_surr.htm Surrealism originated in the late 1910s and early ’20s as a literary movement that experimented with a new mode of expression called automatic writing, or automatism, which sought to release the unbridled imagination of the subconscious. Officially consecrated in Paris in 1924 with the publication of the Manifesto of Surrealism by the poet and critic André Breton (1896–1966), Surrealism became an international intellectual and political movement. Breton, a trained psychiatrist, along with French poets Louis Aragon (1897–1982), Paul Éluard (1895–1952), and Philippe Soupault (1897–1990), were influenced by the psychological theories and dream studies of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and the political ideas of Karl Marx (1818–1883). Using Freudian methods of free association, their poetry and prose drew upon the private world of the mind, traditionally restricted by reason and societal limitations, to produce surprising, unexpected imagery. The cerebral and irrational tenets of Surrealism find their ancestry in the clever and whimsical disregard for tradition fostered by Dadaism a decade earlier. Surrealist poets were at first reluctant to align themselves with visual artists because they believed that the laborious processes of painting, drawing, and sculpting were at odds with the spontaneity of uninhibited -
DADA, SURREALISM, and THEIR HERITAGE, Directed by William S
n? he Museum of Modern Art Vest 53 Street, New York, N.Y. 10019 Tel. 245-3200 Cable: Modernart Ko, 26 FOR RELEASE: Wednesday, March 2J, I968 PRESS PREVIEW: Monday, March 25^ 19^8 11 a.m. - h p,m. Dada, the early 20th century moveinent that reacted against the materialism of the time and the horrors of World War I, and Surrealistiv which developed in the early 2C»8 out of the nihilistic ferment of Dada inspired by Freudian explor ations of the unconscious, are surveyed in an exhibition of more than 3»00 works at The Museum of Modem Art from March 2? through June 9. A sampling of objects, paintings and sculpture created since World War II indicates the artistic herit age of these movements, both in the continuing work of older artists and in the work of later generations. DADA, SURREALISM, AND THEIR HERITAGE, directed by William S. Rubin, Curator of Painting and Sculpture at The Museum of Modem Art, is the first comprehensive exhibition anywhere of these movements since trhe Museum presented its now classic show in 1936-37^ a generation ago. Dada, appearing almost simultaneously among artists and intellectuals in New York, Zurich, Berlin, Cologne, Hanover and Paris during the second decade of the century, was described by its leaders as an anti-art movement, an intell ectually oriented nihilism toward art, primarily anti-Cubism. But, as Mr. Rubin points out in the book* accompanying the exhibition, while "the anti-art created by Dada pioneers such as Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia seemed to reject out*of.hand the premises of modem painting as they stood on the eve of World War I,...»aiit4.art» depended from the first on the very presence of the »pure painting' against which it reacted, and it incorporated more of that 'art-art« than its authors knew," •DADA, SURREALISM, AND THEIR HERITAGE by William S. -
Max Ernst a Retrospective Metropolitan Museum of Art Publications By: Werner Spies Sabine Rewald ISBN: 0300107188 See Detail of This Book on Amazon.Com
Max Ernst A Retrospective Metropolitan Museum of Art Publications By: Werner Spies Sabine Rewald ISBN: 0300107188 See detail of this book on Amazon.com Book served by AMAZON NOIR (www.amazon-noir.com) project by: PAOLO CIRIO paolocirio.net UBERMORGEN.COM ubermorgen.com ALESSANDRO LUDOVICO neural.it Page 1 Retrospective 0Retrospective 0Retrospective 0 Page 2 Page 3 Nightmare and Deliverance OVERVIEW Werner Spies This retrospective exhibition of Max Ernst's work, the first held in the United States in thirty years, provides a glimpse of the artist's tremendous productivity. In it we sec pictures that represent what historical painting of the twentieth century, filled with signs of terror and destruction, has to offer. Pictures Ernst produced shortly after Hitler's seizure of power, reminiscent of Goya's Capriehos and Desastres de /a guerra, are clear references to that event. But mixed in with them again and again we find more harmonious, lighter works in which melancholy and horror give way to an almost cosmic serenity. The two moods are intimately related in this pictorial world, so inti- mately in fact that at any moment night can turn to day, paralysis to exhilaration: Ernst gives us both nightmare and deliverance. Encountering Max Ernst's work, we soon realize that it is impossible to catego- rize his extremely diverse oeuvre in terms of style. Yet we find in everything he did a single overriding artistic concept: that of the collage. Ernst took inspiration from the bewildering glut of available images in reproduction. Illustrations of objects and processes that he discovered in publications from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries provided material he could recycle in the form of collages. -
MAX ERNST Press Highlights
MAX ERNST Press Highlights 509 West 27th Street New York NY 10001 + 1 212 563 4474 kasmingallery.com Loplop Persists: Max Ernst’s Collages Reviewed by Elina Alter The imaginary as real ELINA ALTER FEBRUARY 26, 2020 Max Ernst, Loplop présente, 1931, pencil, ink, and collage on paper, 25.5 × 19.5 inches. © 2020 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris, France. Courtesy of Kasmin Gallery. Photo by Diego Flores. Max Ernst, an artist whose career spanned nearly three quarters of the twentieth century, liked to say that he took orders from a bird. The bird is called Loplop and appears in several of the forty-five works currently on display in Collages at Kasmin Gallery in Manhattan. In two of these, the large Loplop présente (1931) and smaller Loplop présente la mouton mystérieux (1960), the bird is implied by free-floating heads and feet. In an untitled piece from 1972, a whole and oval bird strides along with a little companion at its side. Part drawing and part pasted cut-out, the bird’s companion is almost—but not quite—an egg. Ernst sometimes said he was Loplop. And why shouldn’t he be? Born in 1891 in Germany, Ernst was famous in his lifetime: first as the Dada insurrectionist “Dadamax” in Cologne, and then in France as a Surrealist. The earliest of the collages at Kasmin dates to 1920, the most recent to 1975. In 509 West 27th Street New York NY 10001 + 1 212 563 4474 kasmingallery.com addition to collages, Ernst made paintings, drawings, frottages, sculptures, and three collage novels. -
Artknows Transforming Yourself and the World You Live in Through Art
CTA/Durland Alternatives Library Non-Profit Organization 127 Anabel Taylor Hall U.S. Postage Paid Ithaca, NY 14853 Permit 448 www.prisonerexpress.org Ithaca, NY 14850 Change Service Requested ArtKnows Transforming yourself and the world you live in through art. A Prisoner Express publication exploring the world of art. Diary of Discoveries by Vladimir Kush, famous Surrealist artist www.prisonerexpress.com Dear Art Program Participants, I hope you enjoy this newest edition of Treacy’s ArtKnows column. Her exploration of figurative sculpture is a great introduction into the mind of an artist. I encourage you to read it more than once as, I found many of the ideas she shares deep and require much thought and attention for me to grasp. There is a second section to this art packet put together by Danielle, a new PE volunteer. She explores the world of Surrealism, and offers a number of drawing instruction in this genre. Please note Danielle is asking for your art submissions using some of the drawing techniques she shares. We will be having a public art show in Spring 17 and your art submissions will be considered for exhibition for the PE Art Show on the Cornell Campus. Please send us feedback on the packets— both Treacy and Danielle are interested in hearing your reactions to their contribution to this mailing. We at PE wish you a happy holiday. Even though you may be isolated, you are not alone and we wish you the very best. Figurative Sculpture Whenever an artist starts something new – either a new particular work of art or an entirely new medium, it’s not uncommon to want to talk about it. -
Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning: When Surrealism Met the Red Rocks
Calendar of Events for Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning: When Surrealism Met the Red Rocks MONDAY, MARCH 9 - SUNDAY, MARCH 15 MONDAY , March 9 Surrealism and Dada Art Techniques Workshop ................... 10 AM-NOON Featuring: Fun Art Workshop led by Sedona artist and Sedona Arts Center Member, Darleene Nelson. Students will learn about and try their hand at signature "Max" techniques, such as collage, frottage, grattage, decalcomania, and oscillation. All ages encouraged! Location: Sedona Heritage Museum Apple Packing Shed Fee: $20 includes supplies. Reserve your spot early: Call Darleene at 928-254-1914 Opening Reception ........................................................................ 4-6 PM Featuring: Photographic displays of the lives and art of Max Ernst, Dorothea Tanning, and Max' son, Jimmy Ernst; Readings of Dorothea Tanning's poetry and prose by Shondra Jepperson; Period music (recorded by our own Verde Valley Sinfonietta with Russell Fox conducting); Slide Show of Max, Dorothea and their Art edited by Mark Rownd. "Surrealisme" Art Exhibition by Sedona Art Center Artists in the SHM Apple Packing Shed, courtesy of The Sedona Arts Center, curated by Vince Fazio and Shirley Eichten-Albrecht. Location: Sedona Heritage Museum Main House and Apple Packing Shed FREE TUESDAY , March 10 Exhibition Continues Through April at The Sedona Heritage Museum Hours: Daily......................................................................... 11 AM - 3 PM Featuring: Photographic displays of the lives and art of Max Ernst, Dorothea Tanning, and Max' son, Jimmy Ernst; Period music; Slide Show of Max, Dorothea and their Art edited by Mark Rownd."Surrealisme" Art Exhibition by Sedona Art Center Artists in the SHM Apple Packing Shed, courtesy of The Sedona Arts Center, curated by Vince Fazio and Shirley Eichten-Albrecht. -
Ernst Diapow.Pdf
la Naissance de Vénus, Le Jardin de la France, 1863, Paris, hst, 130 x 225 cm. 1962, Paris, hst, 114 x 168 cm Musée d’Orsay Centre Pompidou, MNAM/CCI. S’inspirant du tableau la Naissance de Vénus, qui est achetée par Napoléon III en 1863, du peintre «Pompier» Alexandre Cabanel (1823 - 1889) Max Ernst réalise le tableau qu’il nomme le Jardin de la France. L’élégance des formes de la Vénus de Cabanel va lui inspirer cet hom- mage à la Touraine et à ses paysages. MAX ERNST 1891-1976 Max Ernst est un peintre et sculpteur dada puis sur- réaliste. Il est né en 1891 à Brühl, en Allemagne dans une famille de la bourgeoisie catholique. Son père l’initie à la peinture, Max Ernst apprend le dessin lors de promena- des dans la forêt, une source d’inspiration pour les paysages fantastiques qu’il peindra ensuite. Il abandonne ses études en philosophie et his- toire de l’art, pour se consacrer à la peinture. Il participe aux réunions du Der Blaue Reiter et rédige des critiques d’art pour un journal de Bonn. En 1913, il expose ses premières œuvres à Berlin. Les toiles présentées révèlent des influences cubiste, futuriste et expressionniste. Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, il sert dans l’armée allemande. Après la guerre, Max Ernst souhaite se consa- crer à la critique d’art et établit des contacts avec des groupes d’avant-garde. Son sentiment de désillusion provoqué par la guerre, son esprit de révolte contre les conventions le font s’intéres- ser au mouvement Dada.