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Ophthalmic Adverse Effects of Nasal Decongestants on an Experimental
A RQUIVOS B RASILEIROS DE ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ophthalmic adverse effects of nasal decongestants on an experimental rat model Efeitos oftálmicos adversos de descongestionantes nasais em modelo experimental com ratos Ayse Ipek Akyuz Unsal1, Yesim Basal2, Serap Birincioglu3, Tolga Kocaturk1, Harun Cakmak1, Alparslan Unsal4, Gizem Cakiroz5, Nüket Eliyatkın6, Ozden Yukselen7, Buket Demirci5 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey. 2. Department of Otorhinolaringology, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey. 3. Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey. 4. Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey. 5. Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey. 6. Department of Medical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey. 7. Department of Pathology, Aydin State Hospital, Aydin, Turkey. ABSTRACT | Purpose: To investigate the potential effects of cause ophthalmic problems such as dry eyes, corneal edema, chronic exposure to a nasal decongestant and its excipients cataracts, retinal nerve fiber layer, and vascular damage in on ocular tissues using an experimental rat model. Methods: rats. Although these results were obtained from experimental Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups. animals, ophthalmologists should keep in mind the potential The first two groups were control (serum physiologic) and ophthalmic adverse effects of this medicine and/or its excipients Otrivine® groups. The remaining four groups received the and exercise caution with drugs containing xylometazoline, Otrivine excipients xylometazoline, benzalkonium chloride, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, benzalkonium chloride and sorbitol, and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. Medications sorbitol for patients with underlying ocular problems. -
(CD-P-PH/PHO) Report Classification/Justifica
COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES AS REGARDS THEIR SUPPLY (CD-P-PH/PHO) Report classification/justification of medicines belonging to the ATC group R01 (Nasal preparations) Table of Contents Page INTRODUCTION 5 DISCLAIMER 7 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT 8 ACTIVE SUBSTANCES Cyclopentamine (ATC: R01AA02) 10 Ephedrine (ATC: R01AA03) 11 Phenylephrine (ATC: R01AA04) 14 Oxymetazoline (ATC: R01AA05) 16 Tetryzoline (ATC: R01AA06) 19 Xylometazoline (ATC: R01AA07) 20 Naphazoline (ATC: R01AA08) 23 Tramazoline (ATC: R01AA09) 26 Metizoline (ATC: R01AA10) 29 Tuaminoheptane (ATC: R01AA11) 30 Fenoxazoline (ATC: R01AA12) 31 Tymazoline (ATC: R01AA13) 32 Epinephrine (ATC: R01AA14) 33 Indanazoline (ATC: R01AA15) 34 Phenylephrine (ATC: R01AB01) 35 Naphazoline (ATC: R01AB02) 37 Tetryzoline (ATC: R01AB03) 39 Ephedrine (ATC: R01AB05) 40 Xylometazoline (ATC: R01AB06) 41 Oxymetazoline (ATC: R01AB07) 45 Tuaminoheptane (ATC: R01AB08) 46 Cromoglicic Acid (ATC: R01AC01) 49 2 Levocabastine (ATC: R01AC02) 51 Azelastine (ATC: R01AC03) 53 Antazoline (ATC: R01AC04) 56 Spaglumic Acid (ATC: R01AC05) 57 Thonzylamine (ATC: R01AC06) 58 Nedocromil (ATC: R01AC07) 59 Olopatadine (ATC: R01AC08) 60 Cromoglicic Acid, Combinations (ATC: R01AC51) 61 Beclometasone (ATC: R01AD01) 62 Prednisolone (ATC: R01AD02) 66 Dexamethasone (ATC: R01AD03) 67 Flunisolide (ATC: R01AD04) 68 Budesonide (ATC: R01AD05) 69 Betamethasone (ATC: R01AD06) 72 Tixocortol (ATC: R01AD07) 73 Fluticasone (ATC: R01AD08) 74 Mometasone (ATC: R01AD09) 78 Triamcinolone (ATC: R01AD11) 82 -
Conceptual Model for Using Imidazoline Derivative Solutions in Pulpal Management
Journal of Clinical Medicine Review Conceptual Model for Using Imidazoline Derivative Solutions in Pulpal Management Robert S. Jones Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Developmental & Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; [email protected] Abstract: Alpha-adrenergic agonists, such as the Imidazoline derivatives (ImDs) of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline, are highly effective hemostatic agents. ImDs have not been widely used in dentistry but their use in medicine, specifically in ophthalmology and otolaryngology, warrants consideration for pulpal hemostasis. This review presents dental healthcare professionals with an overview of ImDs in medicine. ImD solutions have the potential to be more effective and biocompatible than existing topical hemostatic compounds in pulpal management. Through a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacology of ImDs and the microphysiology of hemostasis regulation in oral tissues, a conceptual model of pulpal management by ImD solutions is presented. Keywords: hemostasis; alpha-adrenergic agonists; imidazoline; oxymetazoline; nasal; dental pulp; mucosa; apexogenesis; pulpotomy; direct pulp cap; dentistry 1. Overview Citation: Jones, R.S. Conceptual The purpose of this review is to formulate a conceptual model on the potential man- Model for Using Imidazoline agement of pulpal tissue by imidazoline derivatives (ImDs) based on a review of the Derivative Solutions in Pulpal literature that examines the hemostatic properties and mechanistic actions of these com- Management. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ pounds in other human tissues. Commercial ImDs are formulated in solution with an- jcm10061212 timicrobial preservatives in order to act as ‘parenteral topical agents’ and used to manage ophthalmic inflammation, nasal congestion, and to control bleeding during otolaryngology Academic Editor: Rosalia surgery [1,2]. -
Transient Mydriasis Due to Opcon-A
Open Access Austin Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology Special Article - Ophthalmology: Clinical Cases and Images Transient Mydriasis Due to Opcon-A Hava Donmez Keklikoglu1, Aubrey Gilbert2 and Nurhan Torun3* Abstract 1Department of Neurology, Ataturk Education and Opcon-A (pheniramine maleate/ naphazoline hydrochloride) is a topical Research Hospital, Turkey decongestant and antihistamine combination that is used to treat ocular allergies. 2Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and It is sold as an over the counter eye drop and is generally associated with very Ear Infirmary, USA few side effects. It may, however, cause mydriasis in some patients, though this 3Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Beth is not a well-recognized occurrence. We present three cases in which transient Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA mydriasis was attributed to Opcon-A use and emphasize consideration of this *Corresponding author: Nurhan Torun, Division drug in the differential diagnosis of temporary pupillary dilation. of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Keywords: Transient mydriasis; Anisocoria; Naphazoline; Pheniramine; Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Opcon-A Boston, MA 02215, USA Received: April 30, 2015; Accepted: May 04, 2015; Published: May 06, 2015 Case Reports the eye. Based on this history and his normal exam he was diagnosed with pharmacological mydriasis. He was advised not to use Opcon-A Case 1 and his pupillary dilation did not recur. A 29-year-old man was seen in Ophthalmology Clinic for a dilated left pupil which he had noted a few hours earlier on the day Case 3 of presentation. He had no other acute complaints. His past medical A 24-year-old woman was seen in Ophthalmology Clinic for history was notable for asthma for which he occasionally used an three separate episodes of transient right pupillary dilation lasting a inhaler. -
Fee-For-Service Preferred Drug List
Prescription Drug Program Apple Health Medicaid: Fee-for-Service Preferred Drug List What is new in this version of the preferred drug list? Effective for dates of service on and after October 1, 2018, the Health Care Authority will make the following changes: Change Due to the implementation of the Apple Health Preferred Drug List (PDL), a PDL that applies to fee-for-service (FFS) clients as well as Apple Health managed care enrollees, the following changes have occurred: On the Fee-For-Service only Preferred Drug List • Drug classes that are currently on the Apple Health PDL have been removed. These classes and the drug statuses can be found on the Apple Health Preferred Drug List. On the Apple Health Preferred Drug List • New drug classes have been added. This means drugs not previously on the PDL have been added with preferred and nonpreferred statuses. Some drugs may also have additional prior authorization (PA) requirements. • For existing drug classes, preferred statuses may have changed. Some drugs may have additional PA requirements that did not previously require PA. October 25, 2018 Correction • Two drug classes were erroneously removed and have been added back to the list: Asthma – Leukotriene Modifiers Skeletal Muscle Relaxants (Rev. 10/24/2018) (Eff. 10/1/2018) – 1 – Apple Health Medicaid PDL Prescription Drug Program What is the preferred drug list? The Health Care Authority (the agency) has developed a list of preferred drugs within a chosen therapeutic class that are selected based on clinical evidence of safety, efficacy, and effectiveness. The drugs within a chosen therapeutic class are evaluated by the Drug Use Review Board, which makes recommendations to the agency regarding the selection of the preferred drugs. -
Study Protocol
RESEARCH PROTOCOL Project Title A multicenter, single blind, randomized controlled trial of virucidal effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Iodine on SARS-CoV-2 as well as safety of its application on nasopharynx & oropharynx of COVID-19 positive patients BMRC Reg. No: 38624012021 Page-1/17 Project Title A multicenter, single blind, randomized controlled trial of virucidal effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone- Iodine on SARS-CoV-2 as well as safety of its application on nasopharynx & oropharynx of COVID- 19 positive patients. Summary Povidone Iodine (Iodine with water soluble polymer Polyvinylpyrolidone) or PVP-I is a proven and time trusted antiseptic agent having best possible (99.99%) virucidal effect in it‟s only 0.23% concentration, against all viruses including SARS-Co, MERS-CoV; even in SARS-COV-2 due to it‟s nonspecific mode of action for virus killing and having no resistance [1,2]. Corona virus is transmitted by/via respiratory droplets or aerosol, produced from sneezing or coughing of infected persons to healthy individual through mouth and nose mainly [5, 6]. The routes of entry of coronavirus in human body are mouth, nose and eye. PVP-I products for gargling the throat and spraying or washing the nose may have a preventive effect on COVID-19 and if it is proved in this study following human trial, this will be a landmark research in COVID-19 pandemic. In line of this, PVP-I containing oro-nasal spray, proposed Bangasafe, which should be regarded as PONS (Povidone Iodine oro-nasal spray) in this protocol, has been developed and proposed to use against corona virus disease. -
Us Anti-Doping Agency
2019U.S. ANTI-DOPING AGENCY WALLET CARDEXAMPLES OF PROHIBITED AND PERMITTED SUBSTANCES AND METHODS Effective Jan. 1 – Dec. 31, 2019 CATEGORIES OF SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) • Non-Approved Substances: investigational drugs and pharmaceuticals with no approval by a governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use. • Anabolic Agents: androstenediol, androstenedione, bolasterone, boldenone, clenbuterol, danazol, desoxymethyltestosterone (madol), dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (DHCMT), Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA , Intrarosa) and its prohormones, drostanolone, epitestosterone, methasterone, methyl-1-testosterone, methyltestosterone (Covaryx, EEMT, Est Estrogens-methyltest DS, Methitest), nandrolone, oxandrolone, prostanozol, Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (enobosarm, (ostarine, MK-2866), andarine, LGD-4033, RAD-140). stanozolol, testosterone and its metabolites or isomers (Androgel), THG, tibolone, trenbolone, zeranol, zilpaterol, and similar substances. • Beta-2 Agonists: All selective and non-selective beta-2 agonists, including all optical isomers, are prohibited. Most inhaled beta-2 agonists are prohibited, including arformoterol (Brovana), fenoterol, higenamine (norcoclaurine, Tinospora crispa), indacaterol (Arcapta), levalbuterol (Xopenex), metaproternol (Alupent), orciprenaline, olodaterol (Striverdi), pirbuterol (Maxair), terbutaline (Brethaire), vilanterol (Breo). The only exceptions are albuterol, formoterol, and salmeterol by a metered-dose inhaler when used -
Topical Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Open Access Advanced Treatments in ENT Disorders Review Article Topical Management of chronic rhinosinusitis - A literature review ISSN 1 2 2640-2777 Aremu Shuaib Kayode * and Tesleem Olayinka Orewole 1ENT Department, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti/Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria 2Department of Anaesthesia, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti/Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria *Address for Correspondence: Dr. Aremu Shuaib Introduction Kayode, ENT Department, Federal Teaching Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inlammatory condition involving nasal passages Hospital, Ido-Ekiti/Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, Tel: +2348033583842; and the paranasal sinuses for 12 weeks or longer [1]. It can be subdivided into three Email: [email protected] types: CRS with nasal polyposis (CRS with NP), CRS without nasal polyposis (CRS Submitted: 08 April 2019 without NP), and Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). To diagnose CRS we require Approved: 25 April 2019 at least two of four of its cardinal signs/symptoms (nasal obstruction, mucopurulent Published: 26 April 2019 discharge, facial pain/pressure, and decreased sense of smell). In addition, direct Copyright: © 2019 Aremu SK, et al. This is visualization or imaging for objective documentation of mucosal inlammation is an open access article distributed under the required. CRS therapy is aimed to reduce its symptoms and improve quality of life as it Creative Commons Attribution License, which cannot be cured in most patients. Thus, the goals of its therapy include the following: permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the 1: Control mucosal edema and inlammation of nasal and paranasal sinuses original work is properly cited 2: Maintain adequate sinus ventilation and drainage 3: Treat any infecting or colonizing micro-organisms, if present 4: Reduce the number of acute exacerbations Mucosal remodeling is the most likely underlying mechanism causing irreversible chronic sinus disease, similar to that occur in severe asthma. -
ADD/ADHD: Strattera • Allergy/Anti-Inflammatories
EXAMPLES OF PERMITTED MEDICATIONS - 2015 ADD/ADHD: Strattera Allergy/Anti-Inflammatories: Corticosteroids, including Decadron, Depo-Medrol, Entocort, Solu-Medrol, Prednisone, Prednisolone, and Methylprednisolone Anesthetics: Alcaine, Articadent, Bupivacaine HCI, Chloroprocaine, Citanest Plain Dental, Itch-X, Lidocaine, Marcaine, Mepivacaine HCI, Naropin, Nesacaine, Novacain, Ophthetic, Oraqix, Paracaine, Polocaine, Pontocaine Hydrochloride, PrameGel, Prax, Proparacaine HCI, Ropivacaine, Sarna Ultra, Sensorcaine, Synera, Tetracaine, Tronothane HCI, and Xylocaine Antacids: Calci-Chew, Di-Gel, Gaviscon, Gelusil, Maalox, Mintox Plus, Mylanta, Oyst-Cal 500, Rolaids, and Tums Anti-Anxiety: Alprazolam, Atarax, Ativan, Buspar, Buspirone HCI, Chlordiazepoxide HCI, Clonazepam, Chlorazepate Dipotassium, Diastat, Diazepam, Hydroxyzine, Klonopin, Librium, Lorazepam, Niravam, Tranxene T-tab, Valium, Vistaril, and Xanax Antibiotics: Acetasol HC, Amoxil, Ampicillin, Antiben, Antibiotic-Cort, Antihist, Antituss, Avelox, Ceftazidime, Ceftin, Cefuroxime Axetil, Ceptaz, Cleocin, Cloxapen, Cortane-B Aqueous, Cortic, Cresylate, Debrox, Doryx, EarSol-HC, Fortaz, Gantrisin, Mezlin, Moxifloxacin, Neotic, Otocain, Principen, Tazicef, Tazidime, Trioxin, and Zyvox Anti-Depressants: Adapin, Anafranil, Asendin, Bolvidon, Celexa, Cymbalata, Deprilept, Effexor, Elavil, Lexapro, Luvox, Norpramin, Pamelor, Paxil, Pristiq, Prozac, Savella, Surmontil, Tofranil, Vivactil, Wellbutrin, Zoloft, and Zyban Anti-Diabetics: Actos, Amaryl, Avandia, Glipizide, Glucophage, -
7.Inhalation Testing
Analytical Challenges in Implementing Effective QC/Stability testing of Inhalation Drug Products Wayland Rushing, Ph.D. Director, Scientific Affairs Eurofins BioPharma Product Testing www.Eurofins.com Inhalation Overview Delivery of one or more drug products to the lungs or nasal mucosa Benefits: § Directly targets the lungs § Rapid onset of drug action • Quick absorption into bloodstream § Low doses required § Fewer side effects 2 Drug/Device Combination Devices Orally Inhaled and Nasal Drug Products (OINDP) § Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI or simply MDI) • HFA propellant Driven § Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) • Patient driven § Nebulizer • Aerosolizes solutions for constant delivery § Nasal Spray • Liquid or powder delivery to nasal cavity 3 Regulatory Guidance FDA Guidances § Guidance for Container Closure Systems for Packaging Human Drugs and Biologics (1999) § Reviewers Guidance for Nebulizers, Metered Dose Inhalers, Spacers and Actuators (1993) § Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI) and Dry Powder Inhalers (DPI) (revised 2018) § Nasal Spray and Inhalers Solution, Suspension, and Spray Drug Products (2002) § Drug Products Packaged in Semipermeable Container Closure Systems (2002) USP Chapters § USP <5>: Inhalation and Nasal Drug Products—General Information and Product Quality Tests § USP <601>: Inhalation and Nasal Drug Products: Aerosols, Sprays, and Powders— Performance Quality Tests § USP <1602>: Spacers and Valved Holding Chambers Used with Inhalation Aerosols— Characterization Tests § USP <1664.1>: Orally Inhaled and Nasal Drug Products 4 Revise -
OCUREST Is Indicated For
1. Generic Names Phenylephrine Naphazoline hydrochloride Menthol Camphor 2. Qualitative and Quantitative Composition Phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.12% w/v Naphazoline hydrochloride 0.05% w/v Menthol 0.005% w/v Camphor 0.01% w/v 3. Dosage form and strength Topical ophthalmic solution containing Phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.12% (0.12mg/100ml) and Naphazoline hydrochloride 0.05%(0.05mg/100ml) 4. Clinical particulars 4.1 Therapeutic indication OCUREST is indicated for: • Temporary relief of the minor eye symptoms of itching and redness caused by dust, smoke, sun glare, ragweed, pollen, grass, animal hair and dander. • Symptomatic relief to tearing, photophobia, redness, swelling, blepharospasm. • Controlling hyperaemia of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva resulting from bacterial, allergic and vernal conjunctivitis. 4.2 Posology and method of administration As directed by physician. 4.3 Contraindication The use of OCUREST is contraindicated in patients with narrow angle glaucoma. 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use • The use of OCUREST should be with caution in patients with heart disease, hypertension or difficulty in urination due to enlargement of the prostate gland. • Prolonged use of decongestants is associated with rebound congestion. • The use of OCUREST should be discontinued If patient experiences pain, changes in vision, continued redness or irritation, or if the condition worsens, or persists for more than 72 hours. 4.5 Drug interactions Although, clinically significant drug-drug interactions between OCUREST and systemically administered drugs are not expected but may occur when co administered with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or beta blockers. 4.6 Use in special population Paediatric: Safety and efficacy in children has not been established. -
Nasal and Sinus Surgery After Care
ENT SURGICAL CONSULTANTS 2201 Glenwood Ave., Joliet, IL 60435 (815) 725-1191, (815) 725-1248 fax Michael G. Gartlan, MD, FAAP, FACS 1890 Silver Cross Blvd, Pavilion A, Suite 435, New Lenox, IL 60451 Rajeev H. Mehta, MD, FACS 815-717-8768 Scott W. DiVenere, MD Sung J. Chung, MD 900 W. Rte 6, Suite 960., Morris, IL 60450 (815) 941-1972 Ankit M. Patel, MD Walter G. Rooney, MD www.entsurgicalillinois.com NASAL & SINUS SURGERY (7/13) Nasal Drainage and Bleeding Immediately after surgery, you will have drainage from your nose. At first, there may be a small amount of bright red bleeding, but do not be alarmed. A small amount is normal and may continue through the first week. A gauze dressing will be place on your upper lip to absorb this drainage. It may be necessary to change this dressing several times on the day of your surgery. Any bright red bleeding that lasts more than ten minutes, orEar, is heavy, Nose &spray Throat two Diseases puffs of over-the-counter Afrin decongestant nasal spray (or generic equivalent) in each nostril every ten minutesOtolaryngology until the bleeding-Head & subsides. Neck Surgery This should only be used for active bleeding. This medication is available. Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Relax with your head elevated,Thyroid tilt your and headParathyroid forward Surgery and gently pinch your nostrils with an ice pack over the bridge of your nose. Persistent bleeding should be reportedPediatric to Otolaryngologyyour doctor immediately. Old blood, which accumulated during surgery, is dark reddish-brown and will drain for a week or more.