DOCSLIB.ORG

An Evidence Based Review of the Risks to Children and Young People Who Are Educated at Home Final Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Evidence Based Review of the Risks to Children and Young People Who Are Educated at Home Final Report An evidence based review of the risks to children and young people who are educated at home Final Report Donald Forrester Nina Maxwell Tom Slater Julie Doughty Commissioned by the National Independent Safeguarding Board October 2017 Contents List of tables .......................................................................................................................................... 3 List of figures ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Key terms and definitions .................................................................................................................... 4 A Note on Devolution ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.0 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Method.............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Main findings ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.1 Review of existing evidence ...................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Serious Case Reviews and Child Practice Reviews: ................................................................ 7 1.3.3 Stakeholder responses: interviews and survey responses ....................................................... 7 1.4 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 13 3.0 METHODS ....................................................................................................................... 18 3.1 Literature review ........................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Review of Child Practice Reviews and Serious Care Reviews ................................................ 18 3.3 Interviews: Professionals ............................................................................................................. 19 3.4 Interviews: Home educators ........................................................................................................ 19 3.5 Online survey respondents .......................................................................................................... 19 4.0 SUMMARY OF THE LEGAL AND POLICY CONTEXT .......................................... 21 4.1 Education ....................................................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Safeguarding ................................................................................................................................. 22 5.0 A RAPID REVIEW OF EXISTING EVIDENCE ON HOME EDUCATION AND CHILD WELL-BEING ........................................................................................................... 23 5.1 Who is being home educated? .................................................................................................... 23 5.2 Why are children home educated? ............................................................................................. 24 5.2.1 Bullying .................................................................................................................................... 25 5.2.2 Special Educational Needs ...................................................................................................... 25 5.2.3 Gypsy and Travellers ............................................................................................................... 26 5.3 Key Points ...................................................................................................................................... 27 6.0 ANALYSIS OF CHILD PRACTICE AND SERIOUS CASE REVIEWS ................ 28 6.1 Withdrawers ................................................................................................................................... 30 2 6.2 Avoiders ......................................................................................................................................... 31 6.3 Key points ...................................................................................................................................... 32 7.0 STAKEHOLDER RESPONSES: INTERVIEWS AND SURVEY RESPONSES .. 33 7.1 Views of home educating parents ............................................................................................... 33 7.1.1 Why do families home educate? ............................................................................................. 33 7.1.2 How effective is current service delivery to support Home Education in Wales? .................... 34 7.1.3 Home education and safeguarding .......................................................................................... 38 7.1.4 Key Points ................................................................................................................................ 41 7.2 Views of professionals ................................................................................................................. 42 7.2.1 Are home educated children known to professionals? ............................................................ 42 7.2.2 Examples of children in need of care or support ..................................................................... 45 7.2.3 Key points ................................................................................................................................ 46 8.0 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................. 47 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................. 52 10.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 56 APPENDIX A: METHOD ..................................................................................................... 65 APPENDIX B: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE ......................................................................... 70 APPENDIX C: ONLINE SURVEY ...................................................................................... 73 APPENDIX D: WHAT IS THE LEGAL AND POLICY CONTEXT OF HOME EDUCATION? ....................................................................................................................... 78 APPENDIX E: EDUCATION OTHERWISE STATEMENT ............................................ 90 APPENDIX F: POLICY DOCUMENTS WALES .............................................................. 93 APPENDIX G: HOME EDUCATOR ONLINE SURVEY DATA ..................................... 94 List of tables Table 1: Overview of CPRs/SCRs ....................................................................................... 29 Table G2: Home educator characteristics ........................................................................... 95 Table G3: Number of children ............................................................................................. 95 Table G4: How long have you been home educating your child? ........................................ 96 Table G5: Contact with the local authority ........................................................................... 96 Table G6: Education's role in assessing child welfare ......................................................... 97 List of figures Figure A1: Literature review search strategy ....................................................................... 66 3 Key terms and definitions Child(ren)/young people - Unless otherwise stated, a child/young person is to be understood as any person below the age of 18 (see section 105 of the Children Act 1989 and Article 1 of the UNCRC). The terms ‘child(ren)’ and ‘young people/persons’ are used interchangeably. Compulsory education age – All children aged 5 to 16 years are required to receive an education ‘at school or otherwise’. For those in mainstream education, an optional reception year is available for children at the age 4. Multiple opportunities exist for non-compulsory education post-16 years1. Home education may form part, or all, of a child’s compulsory educational experience. EHE – Elective home education is the term used by Welsh Government and the Department for Education in England to refer to children who are educated otherwise (i.e. they are not receiving education via EOTAS (see below) or in a school setting, whether State, private or other). This report uses this term only when quoting sources that use EHE. EOTAS – Education Other Than At School includes educational provision of education outside a school setting. This can include, but is not limited to, Pupil Referral Units (PRUs), individual pathways, and other
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sentencing and Immediate Custody in Wales: a Factfile
    Sentencing and Immediate Custody in Wales: A Factfile Dr Robert Jones Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University January 2019 Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would especially like to thank Lucy Morgan for all of her help in producing this report. I would also like to thank staff working at the Ministry of Justice who have responded to the many requests for information made during the course of this research. Finally, I am extremely grateful to Alan Cogbill, Emyr Lewis, Ed Poole, Huw Pritchard and Richard Wyn Jones for their insightful comments on an earlier draft of this report. ABOUT US The Wales Governance Centre is a research centre that forms part of Cardiff University’s School of Law and Politics undertaking innovative research into all aspects of the law, politics, government and political economy of Wales, as well the wider UK and European contexts of territorial governance. A key objective of the Centre is to facilitate and encourage informed public debate of key developments in Welsh governance not only through its research, but also through events and postgraduate teaching. In July 2018, the Wales Governance Centre launched a new project into Justice and Jurisdiction in Wales. The research will be an interdisciplinary project bringing together political scientists, constitutional law experts and criminologists in order to investigate: the operation of the justice system in Wales; the relationship between non-devolved and devolved policies; and the impact of a single ‘England and Wales’ legal system. CONTACT DETAILS Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University, 21 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3DQ. Web: http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/wgc/ ABOUT THE AUTHOR Robert Jones is a Research Associate at the Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University.
    [Show full text]
  • NORTH WALES Skills & Employment Plan 2019⁠–⁠2022
    NORTH WALES Skills & Employment Plan 2019⁠–⁠2022 North Wales Regional Skills Partnership DRAFT (October 2019) Skills and Employment Plan 2019–2022 Foreword It is a pleasure to present our new Skills and Employment Plan for North Wales 2019⁠– ⁠2022. This is a three-year strategic Plan that will provide an insight into the supply and demand of the skills system in the region, and crucially, what employers are telling us are their needs and priorities. It is an exciting time for North Wales, with recent role in the education and skills system is central, positive figures showing growth in our and will continue to be a cornerstone of our employment rate and productivity. Despite this work. positive trajectory, there are many challenges, We have focussed on building intelligence on uncertainties and opportunities that lie ahead. the demand for skills at a regional and sectoral As a region, we need to ensure that our people level, and encouraged employers to shape the and businesses are able to maximise solutions that will enhance North Wales’ skills opportunities like the Growth Deal and performance. As well as putting forward technological changes, and minimise the priorities in support of specific sectors, the Plan impact of potential difficulties and also sets out the key challenges that face us uncertainties, like the risk of a no-deal Brexit. and what actions are needed to encourage a Skills are fundamental to our continuing change in our skills system. economic success. Increasingly, it is skills, not just The North Wales Regional Skills Partnership (RSP) qualifications that employers look for first.
    [Show full text]
  • Justice in Wales
    Justice in Wales Dr Sarah Nason, Prifysgol Bangor University (May 2020) Contents: Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 Chapter One: Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 Chapter Two: Criminal Justice…………………………………………………………………………………………………8 2.1 Criminal justice at the ‘jagged edges’ of devolution………………………………………………8 2.2 Specific ‘jagged edge’ problems………………………………………………………………………….11 2.3 Managing complexity and the need for leadership……………………………………………..13 2.4 The need for improved evidenced based evaluation of policy initiatives; the need for more disaggregated Wales-only data…………………………………………………………….14 2.5 Scrutiny and accountability…………………………………………………………………………………15 Chapter Three: Administrative Justice………………………………………………………………………………….19 3.1 Public administrative law…………………………………………………………………………………….20 3.2 Administrative justice institutions……………………………………………………………………….23 3.3 ‘Jagged edges’ and oversight………………………………………………………………………………27 Chapter Four: Family Justice…………………………………………………………………………………………………28 4.1 Family justice: Introduction, key issues and oversight…………………………………………29 4.2 Cafcass Cymru…………………………………………………………………………………………………….30 4.3 Taking children into care…………………………………………………………………………………….30 4.4 Family Drug and Alcohol Courts (FDACs)…………………………………………………………….31 Chapter Five: Civil Justice……………………………………………………………………………………………………..32 Chapter Six: Information, Advice and Assistance, Including Legal Aid………………………………..…33 Chapter Seven: Funding for Justice in Wales………………………………………………………………………..35 Chapter Eight:
    [Show full text]
  • Data Mining Wales
    Data mining Wales: The annual profile for substance misuse 2017-18 Annual statistical report on alcohol and drug use from health, social care, education and criminal justice services datasets in Wales About Public Health Wales Public Health Wales exists to protect and improve health and wellbeing and reduce health inequalities for people in Wales. We work locally, nationally and internationally, with our partners and communities. The Substance Misuse Programme works to address both the current and emerging public health threats in Wales and in line with the overarching strategic objective to ‘reduce health inequalities, and prevent or reduce communicable and non-communicable disease, wider harms and premature death related to drugs and alcohol’. Substance Misuse Programme Public Health Wales Number 2 Capital Quarter Tyndall Street Cardiff CF10 4BZ www.publichealthwales.org/substancemisuse Authors: Drew Turner and Josie Smith with special thanks to Elizabeth Walsh, Richard Jones and Sally Cox (NWIS) and colleagues in the Office for National Statistics. Published by Public Health Wales, Cardiff. UK. November 2018 2 Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Population level trends ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (Public Pack)Agenda Document for Petitions Committee, 25/02/2020 09
    ------------------------ Public Document Pack ------------------------ Agenda - Petitions Committee Meeting Venue: For further information contact: Committee Room 1 - Senedd Graeme Francis - Committee Clerk Meeting date: 25 February 2020 Ross Davies – Deputy Clerk Meeting time: 09.00 0300 200 6565 [email protected] ------ 1 Introduction, apologies, substitutions and declarations of interest (Pages 1 - 42) 2 New petitions 2.1 P-05-938 Make Welsh universities consider the Welsh Baccalaureate as an A Level (Pages 43 - 51) 2.2 P-05-939 Immediate embargo on new dog breeding licences, licence renewals and planning applications until regulations are fit for purpose and enforceable (Pages 52 - 65) 2.3 P-05-941 Biodiversity Remit for NRW (Pages 66 - 86) 3 Updates to previous petitions Environment, Energy and Rural Affairs 3.1 P-04-477 Support for the Control of Dogs (Wales) Bill (Pages 87 - 90) 3.2 P-05-839 Adopt WHO Guidelines and Introduce a Clean Air Act for Wales (Pages 91 - 95) 3.3 P-05-895 Rosa's Legacy: Introduce a scheme to help people access veterinary care for their companion animals (Pages 96 - 103) Housing and Local Government The following two items will be considered together (3.4 and 3.5): 3.4 P-05-786 Save our Countryside - Revise TAN 1 (Pages 104 - 107) 3.5 P-05-881 Fix our planning system (Pages 108 - 109) 3.6 P-05-903 Filming and Recording of Council Meetings (Pages 110 - 111) Health and Social Services 3.7 P-05-736 To Make Mental Health Services More Accessible (Pages 112 - 119) 3.8 P-05-764 Better Mental Health
    [Show full text]
  • Options for an English Parliament
    DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE OPTIONS FOR AN ENGLISH PARLIAMENT MEG RUSSELL AND JACK SHELDON OPTIONS FOR AN ENGLISH PARLIAMENT Meg Russell and Jack Sheldon The Constitution Unit University College London March 2018 ISBN: 978-1-903903-80-3 Published by: The Constitution Unit School of Public Policy University College London 29-31 Tavistock Square London WC1H 9QU United Kingdom Tel: 020 7679 4977 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit © The Constitution Unit, UCL, 2018 This report is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. First published March 2018 Front cover image: © Gareth Young, 2010. Contents List of Tables and Figures ...................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... ix Executive summary .................................................................................................................................... x 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Part 1: Context ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Election 2017 in Wales
    Election 2017 in Wales Darllenwch yr erthygl yma yn Gymraeg | View this post in Welsh 09/06/17 The General Election 2017 saw the parliamentary make up of Wales change with Labour gaining seats from the Conservatives and Plaid Cymru gaining the last remaining Liberal Democrat seat in Wales. The number of seats won in this election and the change from 2015 are as follows: Labour: 28 (up 3) Conservatives: 8 (down 3) Plaid Cymru: 4 (up 1) Liberal Democrats: 0 (down 1) Constituencies are roughly the same size in terms of the number of residents, but vary considerably in land area from large rural areas with a low population density to much smaller densely populated urban areas, especially in south Wales. This infographic aims to show the election results in Wales from both a traditional land area based approach, and a more proportional method using the resident population of the constituencies. The maps in the infographic show the seats won by each party but in two very different ways: 01. The first map is a traditional Westminster constituency based map of Wales, where each constituency is displayed by its land area. 02. The second map proportionately represents the population in each constituency. Taking the resident population data from the 2011 Census, the Westminster constituency boundaries have been reshaped to better reflect the number of people living in each constituency, whilst still maintaining the Wales boundary as a recognisable shape. The second map is known as a cartogram, which shows the areas of Mid-Wales, which have fewer residents shrinking.
    [Show full text]
  • Household Estimates for Wales, Mid-2017 27 Sept 2018 SFR 85/2018
    Household estimates for Wales, mid-2017 27 Sept 2018 SFR 85/2018 About this release Household estimates provide the number of households in Wales based on the latest mid-year population estimates. They are similar to household projections This release presents but the key difference between the two is that household projections are based summary information on on future population projections whereas household estimates are based on household estimates for Wales for mid-2017. past population estimates. They use trends of household formation Between mid-2016 and mid-2017 the estimated Up rates established in the number of households in Wales increased by 8,300 0.6% censuses and apply (0.6 per cent) to 1.35 million. them to current population estimates. The number of one-person households in mid-2017 The latest estimates are based on population increased by 4,700 (1.1 per cent) compared to mid-2016 estimates for mid-2017 which were published on 28 June 2018. This is the The estimated average household size for Wales has latest in the current been steadily decreasing. In mid-2017 the estimated series of household 2.28 average household size for Wales was 2.28 persons per estimates for Wales household compared to 2.52 persons in mid-1991. which is based on the results of the 2011 Census. Key Points In this release Since mid-1991 the number of households has increased by 21 per cent Households in Wales 2 from 1.11 million to 1.35 million in mid-2017. Households by local The estimated number of households increased for 21 of the 22 local authority 4 authorities in Wales between mid-2016 and mid-2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Voting Rights for Prisoners
    National Assembly for Wales Equality, Local Government and Communities Committee Voting rights for prisoners June 2019 www.assembly.wales The National Assembly for Wales is the democratically elected body that represents the interests of Wales and its people, makes laws for Wales, agrees Welsh taxes and holds the Welsh Government to account. An electronic copy of this document can be found on the National Assembly website: www.assembly.wales/SeneddCommunities Copies of this document can also be obtained in accessible formats including Braille, large print, audio or hard copy from: Equality, Local Government and Communities Committee National Assembly for Wales Cardiff Bay CF99 1NA Tel: 0300 200 6565 Email: [email protected] Twitter: @SeneddELGC © National Assembly for Wales Commission Copyright 2019 The text of this document may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing that it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading or derogatory context. The material must be acknowledged as copyright of the National Assembly for Wales Commission and the title of the document specified. National Assembly for Wales Equality, Local Government and Communities Committee Voting rights for prisoners June 2019 www.assembly.wales About the Committee The Committee was established on 28 June 2016. Its remit can be found at: www.assembly.wales/SeneddCommunities Committee Chair: John Griffiths AM Welsh Labour Newport East Current Committee membership: Mohammad Asghar AM Huw Irranca-Davies AM Welsh Conservatives Welsh Labour South Wales East Ogmore Mark Isherwood AM Carwyn Jones AM Welsh Conservatives Welsh Labour North Wales Bridgend Jenny Rathbone AM Leanne Wood AM Welsh Labour Plaid Cymru Cardiff Central Rhondda The following Member was also a member of the Committee during this inquiry.
    [Show full text]
  • Remote Working – Spatial Implications in Wales
    Remote working – spatial implications in Wales Report commissioned by the Welsh Parliament Dr Darja Reuschke Associate Professor School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton University Road Southampton SO17 1BJ Email: [email protected] Prof Nick Clifton Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff School of Management Western Avenue, Llandaff Cardiff CF5 2YB Email: [email protected] Dr Jed Long Western University Department of Geography 1151 Richmond St London, Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada Email: [email protected] —11 February 2021— 1 Table of Contents Executive summary........................................................................................................... 3 Background and introduction ........................................................................................... 4 Ability to work from home ................................................................................................ 5 Homeworking patterns pre-COVID-19 ............................................................................... 7 Estimated trends in homeworking .................................................................................. 10 Coworking futures .......................................................................................................... 12 Coworking trends in Wales before the COVID-19 pandemic ............................................. 13 What do Coworking Spaces offer? .................................................................................. 19 International coworking
    [Show full text]
  • Development Bank of Wales Plc Pan Wales Strategy
    Development Bank of Wales plc Pan Wales strategy September 2017 1 Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Pan Wales strategy 3 2. Current organisation and locations 4 3. Location strategy for the Development Bank of Wales 6 3.1 Location strategy objectives 6 3.2 SWOT analysis 6 3.3 Office locations 6 3.3.1 Wrexham HQ 8 3.3.2 Cardiff 10 3.3.3 Llanelli 10 3.3.4 Newtown, Aberystwyth and Llandudno 10 4. Other locations and approaches 12 5. Costs and operations 13 5.1 Funding 13 5.2 Operational issues 13 6. Implementation time 14 2 1. Introduction 1.1 Pan Wales strategy inform a strong marketing strategy. Targeted communications will be crucial in meeting the The Cabinet Secretary stated that ‘the objective of improving delivery in these areas. Development Bank of Wales is a development To further support this, the Development bank for the whole of Wales and that he wanted Bank will work with Welsh Government’s to see the ‘Development Bank have a strong communication team to identify opportunities presence not just in north Wales but right across to be part of a broader communications Wales.’ These aims are at the heart of the strategy demonstrating how the Development strategy for the Development Bank of Wales. Bank and the wider WG are delivering economic, social and environmental impacts for Wales. There has been much discussion and debate about the role of the new headquarters in To materially improve the national coverage of Wrexham but it is important to place this firm the organisation and ensure there is a physical commitment alongside the need to service presence across Wales is a major challenge businesses across the whole of Wales and not for the Development Bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan Wales Strategy
    Pan Wales Strategy Development Bank of Wales Plc September 2017 Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Pan Wales strategy .......................................................................................................... 3 2. Current organisation and locations ....................................................................................... 4 3. Location strategy for the Development Bank of Wales ......................................................... 6 3.1 Location strategy objectives ............................................................................................ 6 3.2 SWOT analysis .................................................................................................................. 7 3.3 Office locations ................................................................................................................ 8 3.3.1 Wrexham HQ........................................................................................................... 10 3.3.2 Cardiff ...................................................................................................................... 12 3.3.3 Llanelli ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.3.4 Newtown, Aberystwyth and Llandudno ................................................................. 13 4. Other locations and approaches .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]