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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Epidemiologic, Mycobacteriologic, and Clinical Aspects

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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Epidemiologic, Mycobacteriologic, and Clinical Aspects BioMed Research International Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Epidemiologic, Mycobacteriologic, and Clinical Aspects Guest Editors: Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Parissa Farnia, Ruxana Sadikot, Po-Ren Hsueh, and Stefano Aliberti Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Epidemiologic, Mycobacteriologic, and Clinical Aspects BioMed Research International Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Epidemiologic, Mycobacteriologic, and Clinical Aspects Guest Editors:Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Parissa Farnia, Ruxana Sadikot, Po-Ren Hsueh, and Stefano Aliberti Copyright © 2015 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contents Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Epidemiologic, Mycobacteriologic, and Clinical Aspects, Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Parissa Farnia, Ruxana Sadikot, Po-Ren Hsueh, and Stefano Aliberti Volume 2015, Article ID 523697, 2 pages Specific Proteins in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: New Potential Tools,PatriciaOrduña, Antonia I. Castillo-Rodal, Martha E. Mercado, Samuel Ponce de León, and Yolanda López-Vidal Volume2015,ArticleID964178,10pages Beninese Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antimycobacterial Agents: Bioguided Fractionation and In Vitro Activity of Alkaloids Isolated from Holarrhena floribunda Used in Traditional Treatment of Buruli Ulcer, Achille Yemoa, Joachim Gbenou, Dissou Affolabi, Mansourou Moudachirou, André Bigot, Séverin Anagonou, Françoise Portaels, Anandi Martin, and Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq Volume 2015, Article ID 835767, 5 pages Sliding Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Glycopeptidolipid Production in Mycobacterium colombiense Strains, Milena Maya-Hoyos, John Leguizamón, Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez, and Carlos Y. Soto Volume 2015, Article ID 419549, 11 pages Clinical Relevance of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolated from Sputum in a Gold Mining Workforce in South Africa: An Observational, Clinical Study,ClareL.vanHalsema,VioletN.Chihota, Nicolaas C. Gey van Pittius, Katherine L. Fielding, James J. Lewis, Paul D. van Helden, Gavin J. Churchyard, and Alison D. Grant Volume 2015, Article ID 959107, 10 pages Lung and Nodal Involvement in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease: PET/CT Role, Ginevra Del Giudice, Andrea Bianco, Antonio Cennamo, Giulia Santoro, Marco Bifulco, Carlo Marzo, and Gennaro Mazzarella Volume 2015, Article ID 353202, 8 pages Use of MALDI-TOF MS for Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Species Isolated from Clinical Specimens, María Concepción Mediavilla-Gradolph, Inmaculada De Toro-Peinado, María Pilar Bermúdez-Ruiz, María de los Ángeles García-Martínez, María Ortega-Torres, Natalia Montiel Quezel-Guerraz, and Begoña Palop-Borrás Volume2015,ArticleID854078,6pages Species Identification and Clarithromycin Susceptibility Testing of 278 Clinical Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria Isolates, Wenjuan Nie, Hongfei Duan, Hairong Huang, Yu Lu, and Naihui Chu Volume 2015, Article ID 506598, 7 pages Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolation from Clinical and Environmental Samples in Iran: Twenty Years of Sur veillance, Ali Akbar Velayati, Parissa Farnia, Mohadese Mozafari, and Mehdi Mirsaeidi Volume2015,ArticleID254285,10pages Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis, Giulia Bonaiti, Alberto Pesci, Almerico Marruchella, Giuseppe Lapadula, Andrea Gori, and Stefano Aliberti Volume 2015, Article ID 197950, 8 pages Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Ocular Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature, Wajiha J. Kheir, Huda Sheheitli, Maamoun Abdul Fattah, and Rola N. Hamam Volume 2015, Article ID 164989, 17 pages Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis Infection in Swine Associated with Peat Used for Bedding, Tone Bjordal Johansen, Angelika Agdestein, Bjørn Lium, Anne Jørgensen, and Berit Djønne Volume 2014, Article ID 189649, 8 pages Highlight on Advances in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in North America, Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Maham Farshidpour, Mary Beth Allen, Golnaz Ebrahimi, and Joseph O. Falkinham Volume 2014, Article ID 919474, 10 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 523697, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/523697 Editorial Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Epidemiologic, Mycobacteriologic, and Clinical Aspects Mehdi Mirsaeidi,1 Parissa Farnia,2 Ruxana Sadikot,3 Po-Ren Hsueh,4 and Stefano Aliberti5 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA 2Department of Mycobacteriology, National Research Center of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA 4Divisions of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan 5DepartmentofHealthScience,UniversityofMilano-Bicocca,SanGerardoHospital,ViaPergolesi33,20900Monza,Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Mehdi Mirsaeidi; [email protected] Received 2 April 2015; Accepted 2 April 2015 Copyright © 2015 Mehdi Mirsaeidi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organ- study showed the frequency of NTM misdiagnosis in up to isms that are highly prevalent in the environment. The evi- 30% of patients with suspected MDR-TB [10]. dence that these organisms originate in the environment is The disease caused by NTM forms a broad clinical spec- overwhelming; and there is no significant evidence for ani- trum from asymptomatic infection to fatal disseminated mal-to-human or human-to-human transmission. NTM disease in human. While many of NTM patients have under- were first recognized as human pathogens in 1950s [1]and lying pulmonary diseases, NTM symptoms are undifferen- since then more than 150 NTM species have been recognized tiated from symptoms of patients with chronic pulmonary [2]. Humans may be exposed to NTM on a regular basis structural diseases such as bronchiectasis. Therefore, routine through showering, bathing, and other activities using water, screening and having high suspicion for NTM disease are soil, or aerosols [3]. How, when, why, and in which population highly recommended. NTM infection might occur are largely unknown. Diagnosis of infection by NTM is another challenging The incidence rate of NTM infections appears to have issue. The diagnosis of NTM with conventional microbiologic increased during the last decade globally resulting in a methods may be misleading and molecular approaches are significant mortality and morbidity [4, 5]. Studies have shown advised [11]. a high incidence rate of NTM in elderly population and Increased knowledge and understanding of this type of increasing susceptibility in very elderly people. It has been mycobacterial disease could improve patient care of affected estimated that NTM incidence will continue to rise due to persons worldwide. We also highly recommend continu- increasing elderly population by 2050 [6]. Little is known ing translational studies to develop precision medicine in about the diseases caused by the NTM and only limited data mycobacterial diseases [12]. are available showing its prevalence and associated factors In this special issue, a series of original articles as well [7, 8]. Bronchiectasis, chronic lung diseases, pulmonary as expert reviews on NTM are published to stimulate a fibrosis, and decreased lung immunity are some of known risk greater understanding of NTM infections. Suggested areas of factors for pulmonary NTM diseases. NTM disease has also research are included: microbiologic and molecular diagnos- gained increasing attention in countries with high incidence tic tools, drug susceptibility tests, human genetic susceptibil- of tuberculosis due to risk of misdiagnosis with multidrug ity, prevalence and incidence studies, clinical presentations, resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) [9]. A recently published and clinical trials for antibiotic therapy. We were particularly 2 BioMed Research International interested in studies describing new laboratory diagnostic [10]A.H.Shahraki,P.Heidarieh,S.Z.Bostanabadetal.,“‘Mul- tools for NTM, modalities for clinical characterization of tidrug-resistant tuberculosis’ may be nontuberculous mycobac- NTM diseases in patients with and without underlying teria,” European Journal of Internal Medicine,2015. diseases, and measuring outcomes of treatment trials. [11] A. A. Velayati, P.Farnia, M. Mozafari et al., “Molecular epidemi- In conclusion, the incidence of NTM disease is increasing ology of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates from clinical and needs urgent attention by health policy makers and inter- and environmental sources of a metropolitan city,” PLoS ONE, national societies. Better molecular tools for rapid diagnosis vol. 9, no. 12, Article ID e114428, 2014. of NTM, understanding of immunopathogenesis, and host [12] M. Mirsaeidi, “Personalized medicine approach in mycobacte- pathogen interactions are needed. In the last years, we have rial disease,” International Journal of Mycobacteriology,vol.1,no. seen an explosion in NTM researches. Consequently, we hope 2,pp.59–64,2012. to see more publications from basic and traditional research
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