Journal of Livestock Science and Production Volume 4 No. 2 p-ISSN 2598-2915 2020 e-ISSN 2598-2907

Farmers Behavior on Market Product of (Duck to Induce Creative Economy in Ngadirojo , Secang District Rahma Wulan Idayanti)1*, Ayu Rahayu)1, Shinta Ratnawati)2 , Nurul Anindyawati)3

1)Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tidar 2)Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Universitas Tidar 3)Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tidar

*) Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Magelang ducks are one of Magelang's native germplasm that has not received serious attention from society. Magelang duck products are expected to have portions in societies' protein needs and the economy's value to make additional income. This research aimed to analyze Magelang duck farmers' behavior on marketing Magelang duck products, either the eggs or meat from cast-off ducks, to induce local farmers' creative economy. This research was held in Ngadirojo village, Secang subdistrict, Magelang district, from January to February 2020. Samples used were local farmers selected on purpose or purposive random sampling. They were 30 persons of farmers. The farmers selected were based on the total livestock owned in Ngadirojo. The method used in this research were survey, interview, and direct observation. Variables observed were farmers' behavior on marketing the livestock product, behavior on marketing the processed product of Magelang ducks, behavior on using marketing channel, and price determinations using a questioner observed by Likert scale. The data collected were analyzed using the z-test. The result showed that the level of farmers behavior on marketing the Magelang duck products either on eggs and meat from cast-off ducks were 95%, behavior on marketing the harvests of Magelang duck as a processed product were 0%, and behavior of the selling method and the price determination of Magelang duck were 81.4%. It is expected that the result of this marketing behavior identification can induce the development of the Magelang duck creative economy and provide positive effects on farmer's additional income. Keywords: Behavior, Livestock product, Magelang duck.

Introduction of the sub-sectors that can be developed. Ducks are a commodity that can be relied on Poultry farming provides many in the culinary field as a source of nutrition economic benefits. One of the poultry and income for the community. The growth businesses that is entirely developed in of the creative economy should be fostered is the duck farming business. The at the village community level. With the duck farming business has considerable growth of the creative economy, it is hoped potential to create employment that it will provide a significant economic opportunities and meet animal protein food contribution, creating a favorable business needs. Based on Presidential Regulation climate; build national image and identity; (Perpres) Number 72 of 2015 concerning develop an economy based on local Amendments to Perpres No. 6 of 2009 resources. concerning the Creative Economic Agency Magelang , Central Province, (Bekraf), it has classified the creative has ducks native to Indonesia. Based on the economy sub-sector into 16. Culinary is one Decree of the Minister of Agriculture No.701

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/ Kpts / PD.410 / 2/2013 (Ministry of The need for a touch of technology in Agriculture, 2013). The superiority of increasing the production of eggs and their Magelang ducks is their high adaptability to processed products. The production of new environments. They are cultivated as processed meat products from rejected producers of eggs and meat (dual-use). The ducks is also considered very potential. It eggs' size is large; the egg shell's color is can reduce dependence on chicken and bright blue, solid. Another advantage is that ruminant meat-based meat products such it has a large body shape with greater body as goats and cows. The raw material price weight so that the “rejected” is more for rejected ducks can be lower because of marketable as cut ducks. the public's opinion that their meat is tough Businesses carried out by breeders still face when consumed. This rejected duck meat various obstacles, both external and can be used as a diversified product such as internal. Obstacles from production, meatballs, sausages, shredded, and processing, capital, marketing, unsupportive nuggets. It is hoped that the diversified business climate, and limited human products processed from Magelang ducks resource capacity. For the sake of business will provide more significant benefits for the improvement and sustainability, the breeder family. development of Magelang duck livestock This research was conducted to determine must be pursued. A more intensive the behavior of breeders in marketing maintenance pattern must be implemented livestock and Magelang ducks. To provide so that the marketable livestock yield will be an overview of breeders and the community greater. about the right behavior in the context of Efficient product marketing and not marketing livestock products and optimizing detrimental to farmers because it is known livestock products to increase income and that marketing is a crucial stage of economic foster the local area's creative economy. activity in the livestock agribusiness sector. Material and Method Business people and breeders want a This research was conducted in Ngadirojo complete and right product to be used by Village, Secang District, Magelang consumers (Rahardi and Hartono, 2003). Regency, from January to February 2020 The economic quality of the breeders is using 30 breeders as respondents. Thirty emphasized on the sale of eggs and meat respondents in Ngadirojo Village were only. Even though duck eggs are widely selected because the village still has many preferred, both for direct consumption or for active Magelang duck breeders. The making processed products such as salted research location sample is determined eggs, which are very high in nutrition, intentionally or purposively, according to “martabak” and other processed products. Arikunto (2010). Primary data in this study

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Journal of Livestock Science and Production Volume 4 No. 2 p-ISSN 2598-2915 2020 e-ISSN 2598-2907

were obtained from questionnaires respondents and the population variants. answered by respondents. Measurement of The indicator analyzed is the behavior of the behavior data is calculated using a Likert breeders manifested in action scale with a scaled category (low, medium, (Notoadmodjo, 2010). Actions here include and high) and then calculated the breeders' behavior in marketing livestock percentage in each category that products, both rejected meat and eggs, experienced behavior changes. This study's behavior in marketing processed livestock secondary data were obtained from products, farmer behavior in selling literature studies related to research data livestock products, and determining prices. collection techniques used in surveys, These indicators are assessed through the interviews and questionnaires, and field questions that have been made. Each observations. The data obtained in the question has three answer choices with the research will be collected and then highest weight of 3. From the calculation classified, then analyzed using the z-test results, it is found that Zhit

The hypothesis of this study: Ho = it is suspected that most (50%) The behavior of breeders in marketing breeders have high behavior rejected meat and eggs Ha = it is suspected that most (50%) Marketing patterns in livestock are breeders have low behavior one of the most crucial activities. Marketing significance level = 0.05% with n = 30 activities aim to distribute Magelang duck Z hit > Z table = Ho is rejected, Ha accepted livestock products in the form of eggs and Z hit < Z table = Ho accepted, Ha rejected meat. Marketing agencies facilitate duck The Z-test is used because the production distribution from breeders to end sample size is considered large, namely 30 consumers properly (Sukirno, 2005). Table 1. Behavior livestock farmers in marketing their ducks Magelang Indicator behavior level(%) Behavior in marketing the meat of culled and eggs 95 Behavior in the marketing of refined products 0 Behavior in the use of marketing channels and price 81.4

Ngadirojo Breeder duck in the presented in table 1, 95% of breeders village had no difficulty in a market the market their livestock products: eggs and product. From the research results meat, in consumers' hands. According to the

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Journal of Livestock Science and Production Volume 4 No. 1 p-ISSN 2598-2915 March 2020 e-ISSN 2598-2907 interviews and observations in the field, they Behavior in marketing processed help increase the income from the sales. livestock products Businesses in agriculture or livestock cannot There are still 0% of breeders in be relied on as the primary income because Ngadirojo Village, Secang District, who they cannot fully fulfill the living needs of market their processed Magelang duck breeders and their families. The results of livestock from the research results. Marta et existing livestock activities are still on a al. (2017) reported that diversifying food into traditional scale (Aziz, 2019). The interview appropriate and varied processed products results found that breeders in Ngadirojo could increase the product selling value and Village kept Magelang ducks as a side income. Likewise, according to (Alamsyah et business. However, their side business al., 2013), the purpose of diversifying duck wants the results of this livestock business products is to increase economic value, to provide more economic value. The nutritional value, and product quality and economic value of this livestock will increase extend the shelf life of meat and egg along with the increasing demand for meat products. and eggs. An increase must follow this Processed duck meat products are still very increase in production. However, because limited in the community because they have the maintenance patterns are still traditional characteristics that tend to be less desirable, and semi-intensive, livestock products such especially the fishy aroma and chewy as eggs produced are not optimal following texture. Likewise, duck egg products have the opinion (Rahayu et al., 2019) which more rancid characteristics and contain high states that during the 30 days of cholesterol. Therefore, it is necessary to observation, the bodyweight generated in carry out an innovative process of the semi-intensive maintenance of processing duck meat and eggs into various Magelang ducks in the production period is attractive products and other products lower than in the intensive maintenance derived from chicken meat and eggs. pattern. The number of egg production in (Kusmayadi, 2020) Duck meat intensive rearing systems is higher than diversification can be processed into semi-intensive rearing systems need for a nuggets, sausages, jerky, shredded, and more intensive maintenance pattern, so that meatballs, while duck eggs are processed the livestock yields obtained increase. into salted eggs of various flavors, smoked Farmers can market more livestock products salted egg, egg “rendang” mayonnaise, egg to increase the farmer's family income. roulade, and salted egg “bothok”. To support society's economic growth, it is necessary to establish a creative economy industry in the culinary or food sector. The

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Journal of Livestock Science and Production Volume 4 No. 2 p-ISSN 2598-2915 2020 e-ISSN 2598-2907 establishment of a creative economy consumers. Marketing can be said to be industry at the rural communities level has efficient if it meets two conditions, namely excellent potential in developing the local being able to deliver the products from economy. The creative economy's impact is farmers or breeders to consumers at low that it can improve human resource quality costs and being able to make a fair share of by developing ideas, creativity, innovation, the total price paid by the final consumer to and the ability to access technology. The all parties involved in the production creative economy can develop the activities and the trade route. for 30 days community's entrepreneurial spirit, (Sihombing, 2011) especially since the food sector's creative From the results of the study, economy has the most promising potential. 81.4% used marketing channels in Magelang ducks can be used as a marketing their products. The marketing commodity in developing the creative channels used are duck breeders who economy in the food or culinary sector. directly sell duck eggs or meat to consumers Knowledge, skills, and attitudes of near their homes and consumers who go increasing knowledge and technology must directly to the cage. From the observations be embedded in the breeder family. and interviews, this marketing channel's Especially in terms of creative processing of selling value is the highest because it does processed eggs or duck meat products, then not go to retailers or collectors. The the right marketing patterns in selling the marketing channel is then the breeders sell processed products so that they can sell well eggs or meat to retailers and collectors. in the community and later can be used as (Being et al., 2020) stated that the marketing icons for souvenirs typical of the people of pattern of ducks in Pematang Balam Village, Ngadirojo Village, Secang District. Hulu Palik District, North Bengkulu Regency is carried out by farmers directly to retailers Behavior in the use of marketing and collectors, and each farmer determines channels and prices the price. This is following the results of Erwin (2010) states that the researchers. According to Budiharjo (2009), marketing channels formed in the marketing duck breeders usually sell their livestock process are very diverse, for example, (a) production to collector traders who regularly Producers deal directly with end consumers, visit breeders, so breeders do not need to be (b) Producers - middlemen - traders - bothered or confused about marketing their wholesalers - retailers - end consumers, (c) products to consumers. This kind of Producers - middlemen - wholesalers - marketing pattern is profitable for breeders retailers - end consumers and (d) Producers because they can fully concentrate on - collectors - wholesalers - retailers - end managing production activities.

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their excellent cooperation during the Conclusion research.

The behavior patterns of breeders References in marketing Magelang ducks in Ngadirojo Alamsyah, A., Basuki, E., Prarudiyanto, A., Village, Kecamatang Secang, Magelang Cicilia, S. 2019. Diversification of Regency are high in farmers' behavior in Processed Chicken Meat Products. Abdi Mas TPB's Journal. 1 (1): 63 - marketing rejected meat and eggs; behavior 69. in the use of marketing channels and prices Azis, R. and D. Kurniawan. 2019. Strategy to Increase the Capability of Duck and is classified as low in the behavior of Farmers through Training on Feed marketing processed livestock products. Management for Super Hybrid Duck Farmer Groups in Slorok Village, The development of farmers' creative Doko District, Blitar Regency. economy in Ngadirojo Village needs to be Journal of Archipelago Service and Empowerment (JPPNu). 1 (1): 25- grown by selling livestock products in eggs 31. and meat and processing them into various Bieng, B., E. Soetrisno, T. Sucahyo and BD processed products or diversification to Setiawan. 2020. Population and Maintenance Management and increase their economic value. Marketing Patterns of Ducks (Case The breeders' motivation must be built Study in Pematang Balam Village, Hulu Palik District, North Bengkulu because they are believed to encourage the Regency). Indonesian Journal of desire to increase welfare by improving their Animal Science. 15 (1): 98-109. business behavior. The livestock office or Budiharjo, K. 2009. Profitability Analysis of Duck Farming Business local government must provide support, Development in Pagerbarang counseling, and assistance so that livestock District, Regency. Mediagro. 5 (2): 12-19. productivity, skills, and income of Magelang Ministry of Agriculture. 2013. Decree of the duck breeders in the Ngadirojo area Minister of Agriculture Number 701 / increase. Kpts / PD.410 / 2/2013 concerning the Determination of Magelang Duck Acknowledgments Clumps. Ministry of Agriculture. 1. Thank you to the Directorate and . Community Service of the Directorate Kusmayadi, A and Sundari Hospital. 2020. Development of Creative Industries General of Research and Development Based on Products of Diversification of the Ministry of Research, of Cihateup Duck Meat and Eggs in Tasikmalaya. Journal of Research Technology, and Higher Education, who and Community Service (Manhaj). 9 have provided the 2020 Beginner (1): 18 - 22. Lecturer Research grant. 2. Thank you to the farmers in Ngadirojo Marta, H., Cahyana, Y., Arifin, HR 2017. Diversification Program of Village, Secang Magelang District, for Processed Products Made from Raw

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Sukun as Efforts to Improve Weight and Egg Production. Bulletin Business in Rancakalong District, of Applied Animal Research (BAAR). Sumedang Regency. Journal of 1 (1): 8-14. Salendu. AHS 2012. Science and Technology Integration of Ducks and Rice in Applications for Society. 6 (3): 227 - Supporting Food Security in North 232. Sulawesi. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Sustainable Notoadmodjo S. 2010.Behavioral Animal Husbandry 4. Jatinangor, 7 Science.Jakarta: Rineke Cipta. November 2012. p. 78-83. Rahardi, F. M and R. Hartono. 2003. Animal Sihombing, L. 2011. Agricultural Product Husbandry Agribusiness. Self-help Management. USU Press. Field. spreader, Jakarta. Sukirno, S. 2005. Introductory Micro Rahayu, TP, L. Waldi, and MSI Pradipta. Economic Theory third edition. 2019. Quality of Magelang Duck Rajagrafindo Persada. Jakarta. Rations on Intensive and Semi Intensive Maintenance of Body

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