Development of Technologies to Utilize Green Ammonia in Energy Market

November 1, 2018

Shigeru Muraki

Program Director of SIP Energy Carriers Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

 Speech by Prime Minister Abe at COP21 “The key to acting against climate change without sacrificing economic growth is the development of innovative technologies. To illustrate, there are technologies to produce, store and transport

hydrogen towards realizing CO2–free societies,”

 Council for Science, Technology and Innovation(CSTI) Hydrogen is one of key areas of CSTI strategies. SIP program was launched 2014 ( 5 years program ). Hydrogen energy carrier is one of 11 themes of SIP.

 Strategic Plan for Hydrogen Utilization (December 26, 2017) (Cabinet Meeting chaired by Prime Minster) Scenario for Basic Hydrogen Strategy (Direct use of ammonia is one of the most feasible options for the low-carbon society.)

Hydrogen Transport (Energy carriers) Utilization production

Natural gas

Petroleum Liquid hydrogen Coal Reforming/ Gasification Fuel cell vehicle gasification LH2(Δ253℃)

H2 H Power generation Organic hydrides 2 （methyl cyclohexane ） (H 6wt%) 2 Dehydrogenation Fuel cell Renewable Carbon dioxide capture and storage CH3 MCHCH 3 energy 3 H2

H toluene MCH 2 Mix combus- NH3 fueled tion in coal Ammonia NH gas turbine fired boiler 3 Direct use Production by Liquid： Δ33℃ or 8.5Bar electricity and heat (H2 18wt%)

Fuel cell NH3 furnace

≪Ammonia direct use≫ 【Power generation sector】【 Industrial sector】【Transportation sector】 Gas turbine, Coal fired boiler, Fuel Cell Industrial furnace Marine Engine All Rights Reserved by SIP 5 Key Achievements

Ammonia-fueled gas turbine power generation ☆ Tohoku University / AIST / Toyota Energy Solutions / IHI Corporation

NH3 flame ・ 41.8 kW power generation was achieved by using 100% ammonia CH4 flame fueled micro gas turbine with less than 10 ppm NOx emission using an ordinary SCR device.

50kW (100% NH3) Micro Gas Turbine

20% NH3 / CH4 flame

・ Stable flame and low NOx emission were achieved by 2MW class gas turbine under the condition of co-fired 20% ammonia with city gas (methane).

2MW (20% NH3 / CH4 ) Gas Turbine

Advanced combined cycle gas turbine ☆ Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engineering / Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Exhaust heat H2 combustor

H2 N2 Decomposition NH3 system Residual NH3 ~hundreds of MWs Hydrogen gas turbine

Direct ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) ☆ Kyoto University / Noritake Co., Limited / IHI Corporation ・ Development of 100% ammonia-fueled Insulation materials SOFC stack (direct supply of ammonia) Fuel cell and generated 1 kW of electrical power. Fuel cell stack Heat ・ The performance attained is equivalent exchanger (Photo:courtesy of to the hydrogen fueled SOFC. Noritake) Hot test module SOFC system

~Mix combustion of NH3 in coal fired boilers~ The single-burner combustion test furnace 350 300

☆ Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry 250

6 %) [ppm] %) 6 2 200 Coal consumption 100 kg/hr [760 kW : in put] 150 Level for coal combustion Distance of the side NH3 port from the coal burner 100 Max. feeding rate of NH3 30 kg/hr [20% : LHV base] 1.0 m 1.4 m 50 1.8 m 2.2 m

NOx concentration (O concentrationNOx 0 0 25 50 75 100 NH3 / pulverized Coal firing test furnace coal flame Distributed percentage of NH 3 into the side wall [%] ☆ IHI Corporation

Coal consumption 1.6 ton/hr [10 MW : in put]

Max. feeding rate of NH3 400 kg/hr [20% : LHV base]

・Ammonia was safely combusted.

・NOx is under 200 [ppm].

・There is no ammonia slip in the exhaust gas.

~Mix combustion of NH3 in coal fired boilers~ Co-fired ammonia at the commercial coal power plant ☆ The Chugoku Electric Power

Coal consumption 50 ton/hr [ 120 MW : out put]

Max. feeding rate of NH3 450 kg/hr [ 1% : LHV base]

1MW-NH3 feed / 120MW-Electricity (Coal fired boiler and steam turbine)

The Chugoku Electric Power Co., INC. NH3 Mizushima Power Station

Accumulator

・Ammonia was safely combusted.

NH3 tank Header Header Vaporizer Burner ・There is no ammonia slip and no increase of NOx in the exhaust De-nitration gas. NH 3 Coal ・The electricity was supplied steadily during the demonstration.

The video of the demonstration can be seen from the following URL

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldU-qMvWFDk

Industrial furnaces Marine Engine ☆ Osaka University / Taiyo Nippon Sanso Sub Engine ・Successfully controlled NOx generation below the ☆ JFE Engineering / environmental standard. National Institute ・Developed oxygen of Maritime, Port and Aviation Tech- enriched combustion and nology Maine Engine staged combustion. 10kW model furnace

Development of ammonia synthesis process from CO2 free hydrogen ☆ JGC Corporation / AIST / National Institute of Technology, Numazu College / JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Ltd ・ Developed new catalysts and processes utilizing hydrogen derived from renewable energy. ・ Constructed a demonstration plant New catalyst at Fukushima Renewable Energy for producing ammonia Institute (20kg-NH3/day). Ammonia Synthesis Demonstration Plant

Loading system for Liquid Hydrogen Hydrogen-fueled gas turbine ☆ JSTRA / Tokyo Boeki Engineering / ☆ Kawasaki Heavy Industries Kawasaki Heavy Industries ・ Developed 100% ・ Loading arm for LH2 is hydrogen-fueled Dry basically same composition Low Emission (DLE) as that for LNG. combustion technology ・ The swivel joint and that achieved low-NOx low-NOX Emergency release system combustion without (ERS) for LH2 is developed. LNG Loading system using water and steam. DLE Combustor JSTRA : Japan Ship Technology Research Association Development of Hydrogen supplying Technology based on MCH/Ammonia ☆ MCH: JXTG / Tokyo Institute of Technology / Waseda University / AIST / NOK Ammonia: Hiroshima University / Showa Denko / Taiyo Nippon Sanso / Toyota Industries ・ Developed the high performance MCH catalyst NH3 and purification system. ・ Improving efficiency and reducing H2 H2 the size of modular dehydrogenation system (MCH). Dehydrogenation System Hydrogen Refueling Station

Supply Utilization

CO2 Free NH3 NG delivered to Japan

Natural HB NH3 Pulverized Coal + Gas Plant NH3 CO2

CCS/EOR 3 Coal Fired Power Plants • Remodeling of Coal Boiler

Middle East Countries • NH3 Unloading, Storage & US Gulf Supply Facilities

CO2-free H2 CH4 + CCS CO2-free H2 ➡ Carriers ➡ H2

➡ NH3 ➡ NH3

+ + CCS

Dehydrogenetion Combustion Direct CH Combustion Direct

LH2 MCH NH3 NH3 NH3

(1) NH3’s volumetric hydrogen content is significantly larger than that of other energy carriers (high H2 content) ⇒ relatively compact infra.;

(2) Transportation and storage technologies for NH3 are already existing. Annually more than 18 M tons of NH3 is being traded internationally.

(3) NH3 can be directly used as fuel without CO2 emissions, and NOX emissions in NH3 combustion can be controlled.

(4) NH3 has acute toxicity with strong smell and easy to detect but not chronic toxicity (US EPA Study), and safety measures are common practice.

(5) CCS from NH3 production plant is a feasible option, and energy equivalent cost of NH3 is estimated to be the most feasible option.

Existing tech. CO2 Free NH3 supply chain can CCS/EOR be realized by existing techs.

CO2

NG Existing tech. NH3 Gas Turbine Pulverized Coal + NH3 Existing tech. Natural Gas Existing NH3 Plant

(HB Method) CO2 Free Source of H2 Solar Energy NH3 will be shifted NH Fuel cell (SOFC) renewables 3 in future. Transportation

Marine Engine CO2 Free

H2 （CO Free H ） PV or CSP 2 2 Production NH3 Plant Cost Reduction Cost Reduction Under development SIP Industrial Furnaces

All Rights Reserved by SIP 16 The Green Ammonia Consortium (Established in July, 2017) Currently under SIP (Limited to SIP participants) April 2019: Independent & Open Organization for Global Industry Objective: • Promotion of collaborations between industry, government and academia

• Commercialization of CO2 free NH3 value chain • Strategy & Policy making • International collaboration Current Members • IHI Corporation • JFE Engineering • Chubu Electric Power • JGC Corporation • Electric Power Development (J Power) • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Electricity • Hokkaido Electric Power Manu • Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Gas • The Chugoku Electric Power factures • Toyota Central R&D Labs. • The Kansai Electric Power • Toyota Energy Solutions • Tohoku Electric Power • Toyota Industries Corporation • Osaka Gas • Toyota Motor Corporation • Marubeni Corporation Supply and • Central Research Institute Trading • Mitsubishi Corporation Co. • Mitsui & Co., LTD of Electric Power Industry • • JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Ltd. Japan Coal Energy Center Research • • Nippon Shokubai National Institute of Applied Industrial Chemicals Institutes Science and Technology • Noritake Co., Limited • • Taiyo Nippon Sanso National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology • Ube Industries All Rights Reserved by SIP 17 Roadmap of Ammonia Supply Chain

2020 2025 2030

Existing Supply Terms & Conditions

Natural Gas Supply of CO -free FS, Engineering 2 + CCS/EOR Ammonia

Supply of Renewables Engineering of Small Start of Small Demonstration CO2-free Demonstration FS & Engineering of Large Scale Supply Ammonia Utilization Coal power plant FS Implementation (～1,000MW) Engineering Industrial Furnaces Development & Implementation SOFC Commercialization Small size GTs (～0.3MW) Commercialization Implementation Middle size GTs Development & Commercialization Implementation (～2MW) Large size GTs Development & Commercialization Implementation (100MW～)

Realization of Society 5.0 using AI · IoT for optimum control of hydrogen, heat and electricity, and integrated control of energy andAll Rights transportation Reserved. by SIP 19 Thank you for your attention.