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Opuscula Philolichenum, 6: 1-XXXX Opuscula Philolichenum, 15: 37-56. 2016. *pdf effectively published online 22July2016 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) Further contributions to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi and lichenicolous lichens of the Northwest Caucasus, Russia MIKHAIL P. ZHURBENKO1 AND ANASTASIYA A. KOBZEVA2 ABSTRACT. – Fifty-nine species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from the Northwest Caucasus. Abrothallus stroblii, Acremonium antarcticum, Arthonia coronata and Sclerococcum serusiauxii are new to Asia and Russia. Lichenopeltella сladoniarum is new to Asia. Cercidospora stenotropae, Cladophialophora parmeliae, Clypeococcum cladonema, Intralichen lichenum, Lichenoconium aeruginosum and L. cargillianum are new to Russia. Arthonia clemens, Cercidospora cf. macrospora, Cornutispora lichenicola, Lichenopeltella cetrariicola, Niesslia cladoniicola, Phaeopyxis punctum, Roselliniella cladoniae, Sphaerellothecium abditum, Stigmidium hafellneri, S. solorinarium and Zwackhiomyces berengerianus are new to the Caucasus. Cetrelia is a new host genus for Lichenoconium cargillianum, Flavoparmelia for Clypeococcum cladonema, Megaspora for Pyrenidium actinellum s.l., and Cladonia chlorophaea s.l. and C. coniocraea are both new host species for Niesslia cladoniicola. KEYWORDS. – Biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, Asia. INTRODUCTION Knowledge of lichenicolous fungi of the Caucasus has recently been summarized by Zhurbenko and Otte (2012) in a synopsis comprising 72 species, which illustrated that the group has long been neglected in that region. To fill that knowledge gap a special project supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research was initiated that has already resulted in a number of publications (Zhurbenko & Kobzeva 2014; Zhurbenko et al. 2015b, c). Additional information on the subject has also recently been published by Urbanavichus and Ismailov (2013), Urbanavichene and Urbanavichus (2014) and Urbanavichus and Urbanavichene (2012; 2014; 2015a, b). Here we contribute further information on lichenicolous fungi of the region and increase the overall diversity known from the Caucasus to 210 species in 90 genera. It is noteworthy that the documented diversity of lichenicolous fungi in the biogeographically comparable region of Bavaria is approximately 370 species in 135 genera (Brackel 2014), which suggests that lichenicolous mycobiota of the Caucasus is still far from being completely understood. Indeed, assuming that the levels of diversity would be similar for different taxonomic groups in the two regions, a comparison of the most speciose lichenicolous genera in Bavaria and the Caucasus suggests additional species remain to be found in such genera as Cercidospora, Chaenothecopsis, Dactylospora, Endococcus, Nectriopsis, Phoma, Polycoccum, Pronectria, Stigmidium, Taeniolella and Tremella (Figure 1). 1MIKHAIL P. ZHURBENKO – Laboratory of the Systematics and Geography of Fungi, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Street, 2, St.-Petersburg, 197376, Russia. – e- mail: [email protected] 2ANASTASIYA A. KOBZEVA – Laboratory of the Systematics and Geography of Fungi, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Street, 2, St.-Petersburg, 197376, Russia. – e- mail: [email protected] 37 Figure 1. Bar graph comparing the number of species in the most speciose genera of lichenicolous fungi reported from Bavaria by Brackel (2014) and from the Caucasus (see references and data presented herein). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is based on 105 specimens of lichenicolous fungi and lichens mainly collected by the first author in the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Northwest Caucasus (Figure 2). Examined specimens are housed in the mycological herbarium of the V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute in St.-Petersburg, Russia (LE). Microscopical examination was carried out using a Zeiss microscope Axio Imager A1 equipped with Nomarski differential interference contrast optics (DIC) in water, 10% KOH (K), Lugol’s iodine, directly (I) or after a KOH pre-treatment (K/I), or brilliant cresyl blue (BCr). The length, breadth and length/breadth ratio (l/b) of asci, ascospores and conidia are given (where n > 10) as: (min−){X−SD}−{X+SD}(−max), where “min” and “max” are the extreme observed values, X the arithmetic mean and SD the corresponding standard deviation. Measurements were taken from water mounts, unless otherwise indicated. Rather than repeat the full data for the twenty-one localities from which specimens were collected these data are summarized below. The localities are referenced in the text by the numerical abbreviation that appears in bold on the list. Summary of collecting localities 1: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, northeastern spur of Mt. Tybga, 43°52′48″N, 40°15′59″E, elev. 2480 m, alpine vegetation and siliceous rocks. 2: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, vicinity of Mt. Tybga, 1 km NE of Turovyi cabin, 43°54′03″N, 40°16′38″E, elev. 2040 m, Betula litvinovii forest. 3: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Abago pastureland boundary, Mt. Ekspeditsiya, 43°54′48″N, 40°15′43″E, elev. 1950 m, Pinus sylvestris ssp. kochiana forest and siliceous rocks among mountain meadows. 38 Figure 2. Location of the study area within the broader context of Europe and Asia. 4: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Abago pastureland boundary, Dom Kotova cabin, 43°56′55″N, 40°12′31″E, elev. 1770 m, Fagus orientalis-Abies nordmanniana-Acer trautphetteri forest. 5: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, vicinity of Guzeripl’ settlement, 44°00′05″N, 40°08′21″E, elev. 680 m, Fagus orientalis-Carpinus betulus forest. 6: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, vicinity of Guzeripl’ settlement, near the junction of Filimonov Creek and Molchepa River, 43°59′25″N, 40°08′56″E, elev. 770 m, Fagus orientalis-Abies nordmanniana forest. 7: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Belaya River 2 km upstream of Guzeripl’ settlement, 43°59′21″N, 40°07′28″E, elev. 680 m, Fagus orientalis-Abies nordmanniana forest. 8: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, confluence of Belaya and Armyanka Rivers, 43°56′85″N, 40°06′18″E, elev. 674 m, Fagus orientalis-Abies nordmanniana forest. 9: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, confluence of Belaya and Rufabgo Rivers, 44°15′48″N, 40°10′19″E, Fagus orientalis forest. 10: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Lagonaki Upland, Azishskii pass, 44°04′33″N, 40°00′58″E, elev. 1750 m, mixed forest with Abies nordmanniana. 11: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Lagonaki Upland, Armyanskii pass, 43°58′15″N, 39°56′30″E, elev. 1750 m, Fagus orientalis forest. 12: Russia, Republic of Adygeya, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, headwaters of Armyanka River, 44°00′33″N, 39°59′42″E, elev. 1680 m, Fagus orientalis-Abies nordmanniana forest. 13: Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Lagonaki Upland, foot of Mt. Fisht at the headwaters of Belaya River, 43°57′34″N, 39°55′48″E, elev. 1580 m, Abies nordmanniana-Вetula litwinowii-Acer trautvetteri-Sorbus aucuparia forest and calcareous rocks. 14: Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Lagonaki Upland, southeastern spur of Mt. Fisht, near Malyi Fishtinskii glacier, 43°57′08″N, 39°55′42″E, elev. 1640 m, Abies nordmanniana- Вetula litwinowii-Acer trautvetteri-Sorbus aucuparia forest and calcareous rocks. 15: Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Lagonaki Upland, between Mt. Fisht and Mt. Pshekho-Su, 43°58′16″N, 39°54′23″E, elev. 2170 m, alpine vegetation. 39 Figure 3. A, ascomata of Abrothallus stroblii in cross section (in water; LE 309428). B, ascospores of Cercidospora cf. macrospora (in water; LE 264366). Scale bars = 10 µm. 16: Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, confluence of Urushten and Malaya Laba Rivers, Chernorech’e cabin, 43°55′59″N, 40°41′01″E, elev. 800 m, open rocks beside a road in Fagus orientalis dominated forest. 17: Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, N spur of Mt. Armovka, 43°55′10″N, 40°40′28″E, elev. 1150 m, Fagus orientalis forest. 18: Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, northern spur of Mt. Armovka, 43°53′27″N, 40°39′47″E, elev. 1830 m, Betula litwinowii forest. 19: Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, northern spur of Mt. Armovka, 43°52′28″N, 40°39′20″E, elev. 2250 m, alpine vegetation and siliceous rocks. 20: Russia, Krasnodar Territory, 1 km S of Dzhankhot settlement, top of Mt. Svyatoi Niny, 44°27′34″N, 38°09′49″E, elev. 330 m, Quercus petraea-Pinus brutia var. pityusa forest. 21: Russia, Krasnodar Territory, 15 km SE of Gelendzhik, Zhane River valley, “valley of 1000 mounds”, 44°33′13″N, 38°15′01″E, elev. 150 m, Fagus orientalis-Carpinus caucasica-C. orientalis forest. THE SPECIES The annotated list of new and interesting records is presented below and arranged alphabetically by genus and species. Lichenicolous lichens are denoted by an asterisk (*). Abrothallus bertianus De Not. NOTES ‒ According to Lawrey and Diederich (2016) this species is restricted to the lichen genus Melanelixia, however, it has also been recorded on some other lichen genera including Tuckermannopsis (Brackel 2014, Cole & Hawksworth 2001, Santesson et al. 2004). The species has been previously reported in Asian Russia from the Caucasus, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area, Trans-Baikal
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