The Berkeley Sockets API
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Libioth (Slides)
libioth The definitive API for the Internet of Threads Renzo Davoli – Michael Goldweber "niversit$ o% Bolo&na '(taly) – *avier "niver#it$ (Cin!innati, "SA) ,irt-alS.-are Micro/ernel DevRoo0 1 © 2021 Davoli-Goldweber libioth. CC-BY-SA 4.0 (nternet of Thread# (IoTh) service1.company.com → 2001:1:2::1 service2.company.com → 2001:1:2::2 host.company.com→11.12.13.14 processes service3.company.com → 2001:1:2::3 2 © 2021 Davoli-Goldweber libioth. CC-BY-SA 4.0 IoTh vs Iold What is an end-node o% the (nternet4 (t depends on what is identified b$ an (P addre##. ● (nternet o% 1hreads – (oTh – 7roce##e#8threads are a-tonomou# nodes of the (nternet ● (nternet o% 9e&ac$ Devi!es 'in brie% (-old in this presentation) – (nternet o% :ost# – Internet of ;etwork Controller#. – (nternet o% ;a0e#5a!e# 2 © 2021 Davoli-Goldweber libioth. CC-BY-SA 4.0 7,M – IoTh - </ernel 4 © 2021 Davoli-Goldweber libioth. CC-BY-SA 4.0 7,M – IoTh - </ernel ● icro/ernel, Internet o% Threads, Partial Virtual a!hines have the co00on goal to create independent code units i05lementing services ● 1hey are all against monolithic i05lementation# ● 1he challenge o% this talk is to !reate !ontacts, e>5loit paralleli#0#+ that allow to share res-lts, A7I, code. = © 2021 Davoli-Goldweber libioth. CC-BY-SA 4.0 Network Sta!/ ● API to application layer TCP-IP stack TCP UDP IPv4 IPv6 ICMP(v4,v6) ● API (NPI) to data-link – (e.g. libioth uses VDE: libvdeplug) ? © 2021 Davoli-Goldweber libioth. CC-BY-SA 4.0 IoTh & </ernel User process User process TCP-IP stack TCP UDP TCP/IP stack process IPv4 IPv6 ICMP(v4,v6) TCP-IP stack TCP UDP IPv4 IPv6 ICMP(v4,v6) Data-link network server Data-link network server @ © 2021 Davoli-Goldweber libioth. -
Oracle Berkeley DB Installation and Build Guide Release 18.1
Oracle Berkeley DB Installation and Build Guide Release 18.1 Library Version 18.1.32 Legal Notice Copyright © 2002 - 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. Berkeley DB, and Sleepycat are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle. All rights to these marks are reserved. No third- party use is permitted without the express prior written consent of Oracle. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. -
Improving Networking
IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON FINALYEARPROJECT JUNE 14, 2010 Improving Networking by moving the network stack to userspace Author: Matthew WHITWORTH Supervisor: Dr. Naranker DULAY 2 Abstract In our modern, networked world the software, protocols and algorithms involved in communication are among some of the most critical parts of an operating system. The core communication software in most modern systems is the network stack, but its basic monolithic design and functioning has remained unchanged for decades. Here we present an adaptable user-space network stack, as an addition to my operating system Whitix. The ideas and concepts presented in this report, however, are applicable to any mainstream operating system. We show how re-imagining the whole architecture of networking in a modern operating system offers numerous benefits for stack-application interactivity, protocol extensibility, and improvements in network throughput and latency. 3 4 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Naranker Dulay for supervising me during the course of this project. His time spent offering constructive feedback about the progress of the project is very much appreciated. I would also like to thank my family and friends for their support, and also anybody who has contributed to Whitix in the past or offered encouragement with the project. 5 6 Contents 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Motivation.................................... 11 1.1.1 Adaptability and interactivity.................... 11 1.1.2 Multiprocessor systems and locking................ 12 1.1.3 Cache performance.......................... 14 1.2 Whitix....................................... 14 1.3 Outline...................................... 15 2 Hardware and the LDL 17 2.1 Architectural overview............................. 17 2.2 Network drivers................................. 18 2.2.1 Driver and device setup....................... -
Unbound: a New Secure and High Performance Open Source DNS Server
New Open Source DNS Server Released Today Unbound – A Secure, High-Performance Alternative to BIND – Makes its Debut within Open Source Community Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Mountain View, CA – May 20, 2008 – Unbound – a new open source alternative to the BIND domain name system (DNS) server– makes its worldwide debut today with the worldwide public release of Unbound 1.0 at http://unbound.net. Released to open source developers by NLnet Labs, VeriSign, Inc. (NASDAQ: VRSN), Nominet, and Kirei, Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS server designed as a high- performance alternative for BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain). Unbound will be supported by NLnet Labs. An essential component of the Internet, the DNS ties domain names (such as www.verisign.com) to the IP addresses and other information that Web browsers need to access and interact with specific sites. Though it is unknown to the vast majority of Web users, DNS is at the heart of a range of Internet-based services beyond Web browsing, including email, messaging and Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) telecommunications. Although BIND has been the de facto choice for DNS servers since the 1980s, a desire to seek an alternative server that excels in security, performance and ease of use prompted an effort to develop an open source DNS implementation. Unbound is the result of that effort. Mostly deployed by ISPs and enterprise users, Unbound will also be available for embedding in customer devices, such as dedicated DNS appliances and ADSL modems. By making Unbound code available to open source developers, its originators hope to enable rapid development of features that have not traditionally been associated with DNS. -
Post Sockets - a Modern Systems Network API Mihail Yanev (2065983) April 23, 2018
Post Sockets - A Modern Systems Network API Mihail Yanev (2065983) April 23, 2018 ABSTRACT In addition to providing native solutions for problems, es- The Berkeley Sockets API has been the de-facto standard tablishing optimal connection with a Remote point or struc- systems API for networking. However, designed more than tured data communication, we have identified that a com- three decades ago, it is not a good match for the networking mon issue with many of the previously provided networking applications today. We have identified three different sets of solutions has been leaving the products vulnerable to code problems in the Sockets API. In this paper, we present an injections and/or buffer overflow attacks. The root cause implementation of Post Sockets - a modern API, proposed by for such problems has mostly proved to be poor memory Trammell et al. that solves the identified limitations. This or resource management. For this reason, we have decided paper can be used for basis of evaluation of the maturity of to use the Rust programming language to implement the Post Sockets and if successful to promote its introduction as new API. Rust is a programming language, that provides a replacement API to Berkeley Sockets. data integrity and memory safety guarantees. It uses region based memory, freeing the programmer from the responsibil- ity of manually managing the heap resources. This in turn 1. INTRODUCTION eliminates the possibility of leaving the code vulnerable to Over the years, writing networked applications has be- resource management errors, as this is handled by the lan- come increasingly difficult. -
Stateless DNS
Technical Report KN{2014{DiSy{004 Distributed System Laboratory Stateless DNS Daniel Kaiser, Matthias Fratz, Marcel Waldvogel, Valentin Dietrich, Holger Strittmatter Distributed Systems Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science University of Konstanz { Germany Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS) URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-267760 Abstract. Several network applications, like service discovery, file dis- covery in P2P networks, distributed hash tables, and distributed caches, use or would benefit from distributed key value stores. The Domain Name System (DNS) is a key value store which has a huge infrastructure and is accessible from almost everywhere. Nevertheless storing information in this database makes it necessary to be authoritative for a domain or to be \registered" with a domain, e.g. via DynDNS, to be allowed to store and update resource records using nsupdate . Applications like the ones listed above would greatly benefit from a configurationless approach, giving users a much more convenient experience. In this report we describe a technique we call Stateless DNS, which allows to store data in the cache of the local DNS server. It works without any infrastructure updates; it just needs our very simple, configurationless echo DNS server that can parse special queries containing information desired to be stored, process this information, and generate DNS answers in a way that the DNS cache that was asked the special query will store the desired information. Because all this happens in the authority zone of our echo DNS server, we do not cause cache poisoning. Our tests show that Stateless DNS works with a huge number of public DNS servers. -
Introduction to RAW-Sockets Jens Heuschkel, Tobias Hofmann, Thorsten Hollstein, Joel Kuepper
Introduction to RAW-sockets Jens Heuschkel, Tobias Hofmann, Thorsten Hollstein, Joel Kuepper 16.05.2017 Technical Report No. TUD-CS-2017-0111 Technische Universität Darmstadt Telecooperation Report No. TR-19, The Technical Reports Series of the TK Research Division, TU Darmstadt ISSN 1864-0516 http://www.tk.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/de/publications/ Introduction to RAW-sockets by Heuschkel, Jens Hofmann, Tobias Hollstein, Thorsten Kuepper, Joel May 17, 2017 Abstract This document is intended to give an introduction into the programming with RAW-sockets and the related PACKET-sockets. RAW-sockets are an additional type of Internet socket available in addition to the well known DATAGRAM- and STREAM-sockets. They do allow the user to see and manipulate the information used for transmitting the data instead of hiding these details, like it is the case with the usually used STREAM- or DATAGRAM sockets. To give the reader an introduction into the subject we will first give an overview about the different APIs provided by Windows, Linux and Unix (FreeBSD, Mac OS X) and additional libraries that can be used OS-independent. In the next section we show general problems that have to be addressed by the programmer when working with RAW-sockets. We will then provide an introduction into the steps necessary to use the APIs or libraries, which functionality the different concepts provide to the programmer and what they provide to simplify using RAW and PACKET-sockets. This section includes examples of how to use the different functions provided by the APIs. Finally in the additional material we will give some complete examples that show the concepts and can be used as a basis to write own programs. -
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual I S C Copyright c 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. (”ISC”) Copyright c 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Internet Software Consortium. Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ”AS IS” AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 2 Contents 1 Introduction 9 1.1 Scope of Document . 9 1.2 Organization of This Document . 9 1.3 Conventions Used in This Document . 9 1.4 The Domain Name System (DNS) . 10 1.4.1 DNS Fundamentals . 10 1.4.2 Domains and Domain Names . 10 1.4.3 Zones . 10 1.4.4 Authoritative Name Servers . 11 1.4.4.1 The Primary Master . 11 1.4.4.2 Slave Servers . 11 1.4.4.3 Stealth Servers . 11 1.4.5 Caching Name Servers . 12 1.4.5.1 Forwarding . 12 1.4.6 Name Servers in Multiple Roles . 12 2 BIND Resource Requirements 13 2.1 Hardware requirements . 13 2.2 CPU Requirements . 13 2.3 Memory Requirements . -
Bind 9 Linux 3.19, Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Integration Guide: Bind 9
Integration Guide Bind 9 Linux 3.19, Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Integration Guide: Bind 9 Imprint copyright 2016 Utimaco IS GmbH Germanusstrasse 4 D-52080 Aachen Germany phone +49 (0)241 / 1696-200 fax +49 (0)241 / 1696-199 web http://hsm.utimaco.com email [email protected] document version 1.2.1 date January 2016 author System Engineering HSM document no. SGCS_IG_BIND9 all rights reserved No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form (printing, photocopy or according to any other process) without the written approval of Utimaco IS GmbH or be processed, reproduced or distributed using electronic systems. Utimaco IS GmbH reserves the right to modify or amend the documentation at any time without prior notice. Utimaco IS GmbH assumes no liability for typographical errors and damages incurred due to them. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Concepts ............................................. 4 2 Requirements 5 2.1 Supported Operating Systems ................................ 5 3 Installation 6 3.1 Install CryptoServer Hardware ................................. 6 3.2 Install CryptoServer Software ................................. 6 4 Procedures 7 4.1 Configure PKCS#11 Environment ............................... 7 4.1.1 Linux ........................................... 7 4.1.2 Microsoft Windows .................................. 7 4.1.3 Adjust Configuration File ............................... 7 4.2 Test PKCS#11 Environment .................................. 8 4.3 Patch and Build OpenSSL ................................... 9 4.3.1 Linux ........................................... 9 4.3.2 Microsoft Windows .................................. 10 4.4 Install BIND Domain Name Server .............................. 12 4.4.1 Linux ........................................... 12 4.4.2 Microsoft Windows .................................. 12 5 Generate Keys and Sign a Domain Zone 14 5.1 ReSigning Domain Zones .................................. -
Getting Started with Berkeley DB Java Edition
Oracle Berkeley DB, Java Edition Getting Started with Berkeley DB Java Edition 12c Release 2 Library Version 12.2.7.5 Legal Notice Copyright © 2002 - 2017 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. Berkeley DB, Berkeley DB Java Edition and Sleepycat are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle. All rights to these marks are reserved. No third-party use is permitted without the express prior written consent of Oracle. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. -
Analysis of DNS Resolver Performance Measurements Author
Master in System and Network Engineering Analysis of DNS Resolver Performance Measurements Supervisors: Author: Yuri Schaeffer Hamza Boulakhrif [email protected] [email protected] Willem Toorop [email protected] July 13, 2015 Abstract The Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential building block of the Internet. Applica- tions depend on it in order to operate properly. Therefore DNS resolvers are required to perform well, and do whatever they can to provide an answer to a query. In this paper a methodology is devised to measure the performance of the Unbound, BIND, and PowerDNS resolvers. Measurements of these resolvers is required to be objective and not biased. Analysis is conducted on these performance measurements, where the implementations are compared to each other. Corner cases have also been identified and analysed. Acknowledgement I would like to thank NLnet Labs for providing this interesting Research Project. Also the support they provided throughout this project is really appreciated. Especially Willem Toorop and Yuri Schaeffer who answered all of my questions and guided me through this project. Thanks go also to Wouter Wijngaards who answered my questions related to DNS resolvers. The performed measurements during this project were carried out from the SNE lab, at the University of Amsterdam. I would also like to thank Harm Dermois for providing his server in the lab to perform these measurements. Special thanks also go to the SNE staff for their support and guidance. This does not only concern this project but the entire study. Hamza Boulakhrif 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Related Work . .3 1.2 Research Questions . -
Working with Oracle® Solaris 11.4 Directory and Naming Services: LDAP
® Working With Oracle Solaris 11.4 Directory and Naming Services: LDAP Part No: E61012 November 2020 Working With Oracle Solaris 11.4 Directory and Naming Services: LDAP Part No: E61012 Copyright © 2002, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. License Restrictions Warranty/Consequential Damages Disclaimer This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. Warranty Disclaimer The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. Restricted Rights Notice If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs) and Oracle computer documentation or other Oracle data delivered to or accessed by U.S. Government end users