DOCSLIB.ORG

Vachellia Nilotica Subsp. Cupressiformis – Status and Conservation Approach of an Endemic Agroforestry Tree in Rajasthan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vachellia Nilotica Subsp. Cupressiformis – Status and Conservation Approach of an Endemic Agroforestry Tree in Rajasthan SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis – status and conservation approach of an endemic agroforestry tree in Rajasthan The arid zone of India is the most fragile size, shape, branching pattern, crown in agroforestry for its ability to fix atmo- ecosystem facing extreme droughts, erratic shape and pods. One such subspecies is spheric nitrogen and enhance soil ferti- and high-intensity rainfall, seasonal vari- V. nilotica subsp. cupressiformis, a native lity. It also provides complementary tree ations in climatic pattern, abundance of tree of India and Pakistan, is distributed crop interaction. Considering, the distri- solar energy and high evapotranspiration. in Punjab, Deccan and Gujarat in India. bution of V. nilotica subsp. cupressifor- The arid region is spread over 38.7 m ha, It is locally called ramkanta, ramkati mis in the semi-arid region of Pali while the semi-arid region accounts for babul, khajuria babul and kabuli kikar, Marwar, this study was conducted to 34% of the total land area. In recent dec- and belongs to family Fabaceae (sub- know the present status of the species ades, the semi-arid region has expanded family: Mimosoideae). More specifically, spread over Pali district, Rajasthan. by 10%. The newly formed semi-arid this tree is distributed in the semi-arid The survey was carried out in five region in North India alone accounts for region of Pali Marwar in Rajasthan, India. villages of Pali Marwar region (Nadol, 4% of reduction in rainfall and increased V. nilotica subsp. cupressiformis has Sonana, Mundara, Latara and Sadra), evapotranspiration have led to increased special characteristics features that dis- particularly in the farmer’s field during aridity1. Under such adverse situations, tinguished from A. nilotica. (i) Narrow 2017. The Pali region falls under rainfall traditional agroforestry plays an impor- and cypress-shaped crown, which per- zone of 400–450 mm between 25.19N tant role in providing food, fodder, fruits, mits understory crops to utilize sunlight. lat. and 73.58E long. (260–390 m amsl). fuel, etc. and also provides security to (ii) Branches making a narrow angle In general, May and June are the hottest the local people and animals/livestock with the stem. (iii) Straight trunk and months (21–48°C), while December and during extreme drought conditions. The stem cylindrical (Figure 1). Thus, it ful- January are the coldest months (0–15°C) traditional agroforestry system is a per- fils all the criteria of agroforestry such as of the year. The density of trees is calcu- manent feature of a landscape, where leguminous tree, fast vertical growth, lated by simply counting their number in farmers without disturbing the natural narrow crown, few branches, straight and a unit area or the number of trees per tree component, integrate crops, grasses clean bole, deep taproot system, high hectare. The diameter at breast height and animals. Especially, under arid re- proportion of main stem, loose canopy (DBH; cm) was measured using a mea- gions, a clear-cut demarcation in distri- permitting transmittance of light and less suring tape. The height (m) of tree was bution of agroforestry systems based on interference with crop and adding nu- measured using an altimeter. rainfall gradient can be seen, for exam- trients to the soil. Due to these characte- Traditionally, farmers cultivate inter- ple, khejri (Prosopis cineraria)-based ristics, it is preferred on agricultural crops without disturbing the tree compo- agroforestry system performs well under lands. Therefore, in the semi-arid regions nent. The tree population was scattered 400 mm rainfall zone; Ziyphus sp. – P. of Rajasthan, it is traditionally grown over the field. Farmers carry out lopping cineraria-based agroforestry system and conserved in the farmers’ field. It is operation during winter to cater to the between 200 and 300 mm rainfall and intercropped with cluster bean and mung needs of livestock for fodder. The pre- shrub-based system under less than bean during kharif; and bajra, wheat and liminary study indicated considerable 150 mm rainfall2. Some species are par- mustard as rabi crop depending on rain- variation in the population for all mor- ticular and unique to specific zones/areas fall in a particular year. Acacia is also phological parameters. The density of due to rainfall, soil or other microclimatic found in the silvipastoral system of was- trees/ha ranged from 5.0 ± 1.00 (Latara) factors. Such types of species are not telands. Tree is lopped for fodder during to 11.66 ± 4.72 (Nadol). However, Goyal5 found in other regions and the growth per- winter to feed goats and sheep. Wood had reported that the density varied from formance of the species is also not assured. twigs and branches are used as fuelwood. 40 to 50 trees/ha–1; which indicates that One such endemic agroforestry species is This species has considerable importance the density of the trees has reduced in the Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis (J. L. Stewart) Ali and Faruqi (Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis), a sub- species of A. nilotica. A. nilotica was described by Linnaeus in 1753 and this species was often recog- nized in one or the other name up to 1920’s. Many taxonomists from different countries have taken efforts to study A. nilotica. Cooke3 thrown attention for cypress like growth characteristics of Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis. Later in 1940, five varieties were recog- nized in East Africa4. A. nilotica is one of the widespread species and is presently divided into nine subspecies based on Figure 1. Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis in the agroforestry system. CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 120, NO. 8, 25 APRIL 2021 1293 SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE Table 1. Morphological and pod parameters of Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis in semi-arid Rajasthan, India Pod length Pod width Pod lobe Latitude Longitude Density/ha Height (m) DBH (cm) (cm) (cm) (no.) Nadol 25.41489°N 73.45953°E 11.66 ± 4.72 11.7 ± 3.34 29.9 ± 1.45 14.13 ± 0.99 1.5 ± 0.09 12.1 ± 1.45 Sonana 25.28491°N 73.51833°E 11.5 ± 2.12 11.0 ± 2.44 31.7 ± 4.26 16.67 ± 1.59 1.45 ± 0.07 10.9 ± 1.52 Mundara 25.19527°N 73.36134°E 11.3 ± 5.85 10.8 ± 1.68 28.2 ± 2.70 13.37 ± 1.50 1.44 ± 0.12 9.7 ± 2.00 Latara 25.14221°N 73.37096°E 5.0 ± 1.00 7.8 ± 1.80 26.5 ± 8.92 11.978 ± 1.51 1.51 ± 0.08 9.5 ± 1.35 Sadra 25.13770°N 73.35659°E 7.33 ± 3.51 6.8 ± 2.27 28.1 ± 7.98 14.31 ± 0.28 1.20 ± 0.02 9.45 ± 0.02 recent past. The conical crown naturally endemic to the semi-arid region. The 6. Devi, S. V., Singh Vishal and Datta, A., fits in agroforestry system, i.e. more grow- present study has focused on generating Electron. J. Plant Breed., 2017, 8(4), ing space made available to a tree, less baseline data to know the present status 1077–1084. competition it faces and the faster it of this species. The study reveals that the 7. Ahlawat, S. P., Kumar, R. V. and Gupta, V. K., Ann. Arid Zone, 2017, 46(2), 189– grows. density of the trees has reduced in this 196. The clean bole height and diameter region, which may be due to increased 8. Aydai, F. E., Msanda, F., Baniaameur, F. play an important role in obtaining quality mechanization for farm activities, mor- and Mousadik, A. E. L., Int. J. Plant timber. The height of the tree ranged tality and change in cropping pattern and Breed. Genet., 2012, 4, 151–167. from 6.8 ± 2.27 m (Sadra) minimum to preference for other tree species. Many 9. Keerthika, A., Gupta, D. K., Mohamed, 11.7 ± 3.34 m (Nadol) maximum. Simi- provenance studies have been carried out M. B. N, Jangid, B. L. and Shukla, A. K., larly, DBH recorded a minimum of for A. nilotica, as it is widely distributed Int. J. Forest Usufructs Manage., 2017, 26.5 ± 8.92 cm (Latara) and a maximum in the dry tracts of India12–14. Compara- 18, 20–36. of 31.7 ± 4.26 cm (Sonana) (Table 1). tively less importance has been given to 10. Keerthika, A., Shukla, A. K., Gupta, D. The height and diameter were found to the subspecies for carrying out prove- K., Noor Mohamed, M. B., Jangid, B. L. and Singh, M., Indian J. Plant Genet. be considerably high in areas receiving nance studies or for selection of superior Resour., 2020, 33(1), 98–101. good rainfall. However, the average genotypes, which is also equally impor- 11. Gupta, D. K., Keerthika, A., Bhatt, R. K., mean height reported was 5.72 m in the tant as A. nilotica for its multifarious Shukla, A. K., Noor Mohamed, M. B. 6 A. nilotica provenance of Central India , utility. Propagation or multiplication us- and Jangid, B. L., Curr. Sci., 2017, which indicates that V. nilotica subsp. ing seedlings is absent in this region. 113(8), 1597–1600. cupressiformis can perform better in There is lack of awareness regarding the 12. Anon., Annual Report of Indian Council terms of height in semi-arid regions. The conservation of this species. Organized of Forestry Research and Education, exact age of the tree was not identifiable cultivation of this species is also lacking Dehradun, 1994. due to several reasons, viz. trees are tra- which is essential for its conservation as 13. Tewari, D. N., Provenance Trial Case ditionally grown, less awareness among it is confined to the semiarid regions of studies, Biodiversity and Forest Genetic Resources in India, 1994.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cheetah Conservation Fund Farmlands Wild and Native Species
    Cheetah Conservation Fund Farmlands Wild and Native Species List Woody Vegetation Silver terminalia Terminalia sericea Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 3: List of com- Blue green sour plum Ximenia Americana mon trees, scrub, and understory vegeta- Buffalo thorn Ziziphus mucronata tion found on CCF farms (2005). Warm-cure Pseudogaltonia clavata albizia Albizia anthelmintica Mundulea sericea Shepherds tree Boscia albitrunca Tumble weed Acrotome inflate Brandy bush Grevia flava Pig weed Amaranthus sp. Flame acacia Senegalia ataxacantha Wild asparagus Asparagus sp. Camel thorn Vachellia erioloba Tsama/ melon Citrullus lanatus Blue thorn Senegalia erubescens Wild cucumber Coccinea sessilifolia Blade thorn Senegalia fleckii Corchorus asplenifolius Candle pod acacia Vachellia hebeclada Flame lily Gloriosa superba Mountain thorn Senegalia hereroensis Tribulis terestris Baloon thron Vachellia luederitziae Solanum delagoense Black thorn Senegalia mellifera subsp. Detin- Gemsbok bean Tylosema esculentum ens Blepharis diversispina False umbrella thorn Vachellia reficience (Forb) Cyperus fulgens Umbrella thorn Vachellia tortilis Cyperus fulgens Aloe littoralis Ledebouria spp. Zebra aloe Aloe zebrine Wild sesame Sesamum triphyllum White bauhinia Bauhinia petersiana Elephant’s ear Abutilon angulatum Smelly shepherd’s tree Boscia foetida Trumpet thorn Catophractes alexandri Grasses Kudu bush Combretum apiculatum Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 4: List of com- Bushwillow Combretum collinum mon grass species found on CCF farms Lead wood Combretum imberbe (2005). Sand commiphora Commiphora angolensis Annual Three-awn Aristida adscensionis Brandy bush Grevia flava Blue Buffalo GrassCenchrus ciliaris Common commiphora Commiphora pyran- Bottle-brush Grass Perotis patens cathioides Broad-leaved Curly Leaf Eragrostis rigidior Lavender bush Croton gratissimus subsp. Broom Love Grass Eragrostis pallens Gratissimus Bur-bristle Grass Setaria verticillata Sickle bush Dichrostachys cinerea subsp.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants Prohibited from Sale in South Australia Plants Considered As Serious Weeds Are Banned from Being Sold in South Australia
    Plants prohibited from sale in South Australia Plants considered as serious weeds are banned from being sold in South Australia. Do not buy or sell any plant listed as prohibited from sale. Plants listed in this document are declared serious weeds and are prohibited from sale anywhere in South Australia pursuant to Section 188 of the Landscape South Australia Act 2019 (refer South Australian Government Gazette 60: 4024-4038, 23 July 2020). This includes the sale of nursery stock, seeds or other propagating material. However, it is not prohibited to sell or transport non-living products made from these plants, such as timber from Aleppo pine, or herbal medicines containing horehound. Such products are excluded from the definition of plant, under the Landscape South Australia (General) Regulations 2020. Section 3 of the Act defines sell as including: • barter, offer or attempt to sell • receive for sale • have in possession for sale • cause or permit to be sold or offered for sale • send, forward or deliver for sale • dispose of by any method for valuable consideration • dispose of to an agent for sale on consignment • sell for the purposes of resale How to use this list Plants are often known by many names. This list can help you to find the scientific name and other common names of a declared plant. This list is not intended to be a complete synonymy for each species, such as would be found in a taxonomic revision. The plants are listed alphabetically by the common name as used in the declaration. Each plant is listed in the following format: Common name alternative common name(s) Scientific name Author Synonym(s) Author What to do if you suspect a plant for sale is banned If you are unsure whether a plant offered for sale under a particular name is banned, please contact your regional landscape board or PIRSA Biosecurity SA.
    [Show full text]
  • Avifaunal Impact Assessment: Scoping
    AVIFAUNAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SCOPING Proposed construction and operation of the 100MW Rondavel Solar Photovoltaic Facility, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and associated infrastructure located near Kroonstad in the Free State Province November 2020 Page | 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY South Africa Mainstream Renewable Power Developments (Pty) Ltd is proposing the construction and operation of the 100 MW Rondavel Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Energy Facility (SEF) and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), near the town of Kroonstad in the Moqhaka Local Municipality (Fezile Dabi District) of the Free State Province of South Africa. The proposed PV facility will be connecting to the grid via a 132kV grid connection, which is the subject of a separate EA. This bird scoping assessment report deals only with the proposed 100 MW Rondavel Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Facility, and the associated infrastructure thereof. 1. Impacts The anticipated impacts were summarized, and a comparison made between pre-and post-mitigation phases as shown in the Table below. The rating of environmental issues associated with different parameters prior to and post mitigation of a proposed activity was averaged. A comparison was then made to determine the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures. The comparison identified critical issues related to the environmental parameters. Environmental Issues Anticipated rating prior to Anticipated rating post parameter mitigation mitigation Avifauna Displacement of 40 medium 30 medium priority species due to disturbance associated
    [Show full text]
  • The Prosopis Juliflora - Prosopis Pallida Complex: a Monograph
    DFID DFID Natural Resources Systems Programme The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA - the organic organisation The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA Coventry UK 2001 organic organisation i The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph Correct citation Pasiecznik, N.M., Felker, P., Harris, P.J.C., Harsh, L.N., Cruz, G., Tewari, J.C., Cadoret, K. and Maldonado, L.J. (2001) The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph. HDRA, Coventry, UK. pp.172. ISBN: 0 905343 30 1 Associated publications Cadoret, K., Pasiecznik, N.M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2000) The Genus Prosopis: A Reference Database (Version 1.0): CD ROM. HDRA, Coventry, UK. ISBN 0 905343 28 X. Tewari, J.C., Harris, P.J.C, Harsh, L.N., Cadoret, K. and Pasiecznik, N.M. (2000) Managing Prosopis juliflora (Vilayati babul): A Technical Manual. CAZRI, Jodhpur, India and HDRA, Coventry, UK. 96p. ISBN 0 905343 27 1. This publication is an output from a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. (R7295) Forestry Research Programme. Copies of this, and associated publications are available free to people and organisations in countries eligible for UK aid, and at cost price to others. Copyright restrictions exist on the reproduction of all or part of the monograph.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materialsupplementary Material
    10.1071/BT13149_AC © CSIRO 2013 Australian Journal of Botany 2013, 61(6), 436–445 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Comparative dating of Acacia: combining fossils and multiple phylogenies to infer ages of clades with poor fossil records Joseph T. MillerA,E, Daniel J. MurphyB, Simon Y. W. HoC, David J. CantrillB and David SeiglerD ACentre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600 Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. BRoyal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Vic. 3141, Australia. CSchool of Biological Sciences, Edgeworth David Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. DDepartment of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ECorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Table S1 Materials used in the study Taxon Dataset Genbank Acacia abbreviata Maslin 2 3 JF420287 JF420065 JF420395 KC421289 KC796176 JF420499 Acacia adoxa Pedley 2 3 JF420044 AF523076 AF195716 AF195684; AF195703 Acacia ampliceps Maslin 1 KC421930 EU439994 EU811845 Acacia anceps DC. 2 3 JF420244 JF420350 JF419919 JF420130 JF420456 Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth 2 3 JF420259 JF420036 JF420366 JF419935 JF420146 KF048140 Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth. 1 2 3 JF420293 JF420402 KC421323 JQ248740 JF420505 Acacia baeuerlenii Maiden & R.T.Baker 2 3 JF420229 JQ248866 JF420336 JF419909 JF420115 JF420448 Acacia beckleri Tindale 2 3 JF420260 JF420037 JF420367 JF419936 JF420147 JF420473 Acacia cochlearis (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. 2 3 KC283897 KC200719 JQ943314 AF523156 KC284140 KC957934 Acacia cognata Domin 2 3 JF420246 JF420022 JF420352 JF419921 JF420132 JF420458 Acacia cultriformis A.Cunn. ex G.Don 2 3 JF420278 JF420056 JF420387 KC421263 KC796172 JF420494 Acacia cupularis Domin 2 3 JF420247 JF420023 JF420353 JF419922 JF420133 JF420459 Acacia dealbata Link 2 3 JF420269 JF420378 KC421251 KC955787 JF420485 Acacia dealbata Link 2 3 KC283375 KC200761 JQ942686 KC421315 KC284195 Acacia deanei (R.T.Baker) M.B.Welch, Coombs 2 3 JF420294 JF420403 KC421329 KC955795 & McGlynn JF420506 Acacia dempsteri F.Muell.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on the Potential of the Multipurpose Prosopis Tree
    23 Underutilised crops for famine and poverty alleviation: a case study on the potential of the multipurpose Prosopis tree N.M. Pasiecznik, S.K. Choge, A.B. Rosenfeld and P.J.C. Harris In its native Latin America, the Prosopis tree (also known as Mesquite) has multiple uses as a fuel wood, timber, charcoal, animal fodder and human food. It is also highly drought-resistant, growing under conditions where little else will survive. For this reason, it has been introduced as a pioneer species into the drylands of Africa and Asia over the last two centuries as a means of reclaiming desert lands. However, the knowledge of its uses was not transferred with it, and left in an unmanaged state it has developed into a highly invasive species, where it encroaches on farm land as an impenetrable, thorny thicket. Attempts to eradicate it are proving costly and largely unsuccessful. In 2006, the problem of Prosopis was hitting the headlines on an almost weekly basis in Kenya. Yet amidst calls for its eradication, a pioneering team from the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) and HDRA’s International Programme set out to demonstrate its positive uses. Through a pilot training and capacity building programme in two villages in Baringo District, people living with this tree learned for the first time how to manage and use it to their benefit, both for food security and income generation. Results showed that the pods, milled to flour, would provide a crucial, nutritious food supplement in these famine-prone desert margins. The pods were also used or sold as animal fodder, with the first international order coming from South Africa by the end of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Pharmacological Activities of Acacia Nilotica (Linn) Willd W.S.R to Osteoporosis Kamini Kaushal 1 Abstract
    Review Article A Review of Pharmacological Activities of Acacia nilotica (Linn) willd W.S.R to Osteoporosis Kamini Kaushal 1 Abstract Medicinal plants have been utilized for the treatment of diseases since creation of earth or before it; in traditional medicine, they still play an important role as effective and have natural origin. Acacia nilotica commonly known as babul belongs to the family Fabaceae and is widely distributed all over India, SriLanka, and Sudan; Egypt is the native country of this plant. Useful parts such as root, bark, leaves, flower, gum, pods, etc., are used in medicines. Different parts of the plant like leaves and fruit contain tannin; flower contains stearic acid, kaempferol-3-glucoside, isoquercetin, leucocyanidin; pod contains tannin, polyphenolic compounds, gum Contains arabic acid combined with calcium, magnesium and potassium. In traditional medicine, it is used for bleeding diseases, prolapsed, leucorrhoea, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activity, etc. The present review is an attempt to explore and comprehensively highlight use for osteoporosis, phytochemical properties and pharmacological uses of A. nilotica reported till date. Keywords: Acacia arabica; Acacia nilotica , Pharmacological study, Tannin, Arabic acid, Uses Introduction More than 30% healthcare industry from all over the world relies on medicinal plants. In India, traditional system of medicine such as Ayurveda since ancient times is root of medicine. About 750 species are being utilized in Ayurveda system of medicine and in modern medicine around 30 species only.1 Medicinal plants are playing continuously essential part of Indian system of medicine. Acacia genus belongs to shrubs and trees, subfamily Mimosoideae, 2,3 of the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae).4,5 The species name is nilotica/arebica/scorpioides.
    [Show full text]
  • Restricted Invasive Plants of Queensland
    Restricted invasive plants Restricted invasive plants of Queensland Restricted invasive plants of Queensland Hudson pear (Cylindropuntia rosea syn. Cylindropuntia pallida) Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) Mother-of-millions (Kalanchoe delagoense) Bunny ears (Opuntia microdasys) The new Biosecurity Act The Biosecurity Act 2014 protects Queensland’s economy, Species not listed as restricted may be listed as prohibited biodiversity and people’s lifestyles from the threats posed under the Act or may be listed by a local government level by invasive pests and diseases under local laws. Under the Act, certain species of invasive plants are listed Australian Government legislation administered by the as ‘restricted’ biosecurity matter. Australian Department of Agriculture also applies to the import of all plants into Australia. What is restricted matter? • Mexican bean tree (Cecropia pachystachya, C. palmata and C. peltata) Restricted matter is listed in the Act and includes a range • Mexican feather grass (Nassella tenuissima) of invasive plants that are present in Queensland. These invasive plants are having significant adverse impacts • miconia (M. calvescens, M. cionotricha, M. nervosa in Queensland and it is desirable to manage them and and M. racemosa) prevent their spread, thereby protecting un-infested • mikania vine (Mikania micrantha) parts of the State. • mimosa pigra (Mimosa pigra) The Act requires everyone to take all reasonable and practical measures to minimise the biosecurity risks • bunny ears (Opuntia microdasys) associated with invasive plants and animals under • riverina prickly pear (Opunita elata) their control. This is called a general biosecurity obligation (GBO). • water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea and N. plena). The specific restriction requirements also apply to a Restricted invasive plants that are person when dealing with restricted invasive matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Growth and Survival of Different Woody Plant Species Established Through Direct Sowing in a Degraded Land, Southern Ethiopia
    JOURNAL OF DEGRADED AND MINING LANDS MANAGEMENT ISSN: 2339-076X (p); 2502-2458 (e), Volume 6, Number 4 (July 2019):1861-1873 DOI:10.15243/jdmlm.2019.064.1861 Research Article Early growth and survival of different woody plant species established through direct sowing in a degraded land, Southern Ethiopia Shiferaw Alem*, Hana Habrova Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geo-biocenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3/61300, Brno, Czech Republic *corresponding author: [email protected] Received 2 May 2019, Accepted 30 May 2019 Abstract: In addition to tree planting activities, finding an alternative method to restore degraded land in semi-arid areas is necessary, and direct seeding of woody plants might be an alternative option. The objectives of this study paper were (1) evaluate the growth, biomass and survival of different woody plant species established through direct seeding in a semi-arid degraded land; (2) identify woody plant species that could be further used for restoration of degraded lands. To achieve the objectives eight woody plant species seeds were gathered, their seeds were sown in a degraded land, in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) (n=4). Data on germination, growth and survival of the different woody plants were collected at regular intervals during an eleven-month period. At the end of the study period, the remaining woody plants' dry biomasses were assessed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the data analysis and mean separation was performed using Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test (p=0.05). The result revealed significant differences on the mean heights, root length, root collar diameters, root to shoot ratio, dry root biomasses and dry shoot biomasses of the different species (p < 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Volume 14, Issue 1 (2020) 7–16 BOJAAS Research Article Comparative nutritive value of an invasive exotic plant species, Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa, and five indigenous plant species commonly browsed by small stock in the BORAVAST area, south-western Botswana M. K. Ditlhogo1, M. P Setshogo1,* and G. Mosweunyane2 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone, Botswana. 2Geoflux Consulting Company, P.O. Box 2403, Gaborone, Botswana. ARTICLE INFORMATION ________________________ Keywords Abstract: Nutritive value of an invasive exotic plant species, Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa, and five indigenous plant species Nutritive value commonly browsed by livestock in Bokspits, Rapplespan, Vaalhoek and Prosopis glandulosa Struizendam (BORAVAST), southwest Botswana, was determined and BORAVAST compared. These five indigenous plant species were Vachellia Indigenous plant species hebeclada (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr. subsp. hebeclada, Vachellia erioloba (E. Mey.) P.J.H. Hurter, Senegalia mellifera (Vahl) Seigler & Ebinger Article History: subsp. detinens (Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Boscia albitrunca (Burch.) Submission date: 25 Jun. 2019 Gilg & Gilg-Ben. var. albitrunca and Rhigozum trichotomum Burch. Revised: 14 Jan. 2020 The levels of Crude Protein (CP), Phosphorus (P), Calcium (C), Accepted: 16 Jan. 2020 Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) were determined for Available online: 04 Apr. 2020 the plant’s foliage and pods (where available). All plant species had a https://bojaas.buan.ac.bw CP value higher than the recommended daily intake. There are however multiple mineral deficiencies in the plant species analysed. Nutritive Corresponding Author: value of Prosopis glandulosa is comparable to those other species despite the perception that livestock that browse on it are more Moffat P.
    [Show full text]
  • Vachellia Clarksoniana (Pedley) Kodela
    WATTLE Acacias of Australia Vachellia clarksoniana (Pedley) Kodela Source: W orldW ideW attle ver. 2. Published at: w w w .w orldw idew attle.com See illustration. Vachellia clarksoniana occurrence map. O ccurrence map generated via Atlas of Living Australia (https://w w w .ala.org.au). Family Fabaceae Distribution Restricted to the south-central part of Cape York Pen., Qld. Description Trees to 5 m tall, facultatively deciduous. Bark tessellated, pale brown. Branchlets hirsute with erect hyaline hairs c. 0.1 mm long and scattered longer ones 0.7 mm, red-glandular trichomes conspicuous on developing leaves. Stipules on flowering stems straight, rather brittle, subspiny, 1.5–2 mm long, often wanting. Leaves: axis 60–80 mm long (including petiole c. 10 mm), indumentum similar to branchlets; gland sessile, 1–1.5 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, situated immediately below lowest pair of pinnae; pinnae 12–16 pairs, 10–20 mm long; pinnules 15–26 pairs, oblong, 1.8–2.5 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, midrib prominent on lower surface, long hairs on margin. Heads globular, 13–20 (–30)-flowered; peduncles 15–45 mm long, indumentum similar to branchlets, involucel at about the middle. Flowers 5-merous; calyx gamosepalous; corolla 2.7–3 mm long; anthers with a globular appendage c. 0.1 mm diam. Pods narrowly oblong, straight edged or constricted between seeds, ±flat, 6–12 cm long, 12–17 mm wide, coriaceous to thinly crustaceous, longitudinally reticulate, glabrous or puberulous. Seed longitudinal, elliptic, flat, 9–12 x 7–8, scarcely arillate.
    [Show full text]
  • Defoliation and Woody Plant (Shape Prosopis Glandulosa) Seedling
    Plant Ecology 138: 127–135, 1998. 127 © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Defoliation and woody plant (Prosopis glandulosa) seedling regeneration: potential vs realized herbivory tolerance Jake F. Weltzin1, Steven R. Archer & Rodney K. Heitschmidt2 Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843–2126, USA; 1Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; 2USDA/ARS Ft. Keogh, Rt. 1, Box 2021, Miles City, MT 59301, USA Received 27 March 1997; accepted in revised form 27 April 1998 Key words: Browsing, Clipping, Competition, Honey mesquite, Survival, Texas, Top removal Abstract Herbivory by rodents, lagomorphs and insects may locally constrain woody plant seedling establishment and stand development. Recruitment may therefore depend either upon plant tolerance of herbivory, or low herbivore abundance, during seedling establishment. We tested potential herbivory tolerance by quantifying growth, biomass allocation, and survival of defoliated Prosopis glandulosa seedlings under optimal abiotic conditions in the absence of competition. Realized tolerance was assessed by clipping seedlings of known age grown in the field with and without herbaceous competition. At 18-d (D ‘young’) or 33-d (D ‘old’) of age, seedlings in the growth chamber were clipped just above the first (cotyledonary) node, above the fourth node, or were retained as non-clipped controls. Potential tolerance to defoliation was high and neither cohort showed evidence of meristematic limitations to regeneration. Clipping markedly reduced biomass production relative to controls, especially belowground, but survival of seedlings de- foliated 5 times was still ≥75%. Contrary to expectations, survival of seedlings defoliated above the cotyledonary node 10 times was greater (P<0:10) for ‘young’ (75%) than ‘old’ (38%) seedlings.
    [Show full text]