DOCSLIB.ORG

Reduced Flow Impacts Salmonid Smolt Emigration in a River 2 with Low-Head Weirs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reduced Flow Impacts Salmonid Smolt Emigration in a River 2 with Low-Head Weirs Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 06 April 2016 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Gauld, N.R. and Campbell, R.N.B. and Lucas, M.C. (2013) 'Reduced ow impacts salmonid smolt emigration in a river with low-head weirs.', Science of the total environment., 458-460 . pp. 435-443. Further information on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.063 Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Science of The Total Environment. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A denitive version was subsequently published in Science of The Total Environment, 458-460, August 2013, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.063. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk 1 Reduced flow impacts salmonid smolt emigration in a river 2 with low-head weirs 3 4 Final version accepted for publication in Science of the Total Environment 5 6 N. R. Gaulda,b, R. N. B. Campbellb, M. C. Lucasa 7 8 a School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK, DH1 9 3LE 10 b The Tweed Foundation, Drygrange Steading, Melrose, UK, TD6 9DJ 11 Corresponding author: N. R. Gauld, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, 12 South Road, Durham, UK, DH1 3LE 13 Email address: [email protected] 14 15 Abstract 16 The impacts of large dams on the hydrology and ecology of river systems are well 17 understood, yet the impacts of low-head structures are poorly known. While impacts of small weirs 18 on upstream-migrating fish have long been mitigated by fish ladders, it is assumed that downstream 19 migration of surface-oriented fishes is unaffected under natural flow regimes. To test this, the 20 effects of low-head weirs and the influence of river flow on the migration of brown trout (Salmo 21 trutta) smolts in the River Tweed, UK, was examined. Movements of acoustic tagged smolts were 22 quantified in 2010 and 2011 using automatic listening stations and manual tracking throughout the 23 migration route. In both years smolts exhibited major losses, most likely due to predators, with 24 escapement rates of 19% in 2010 and 45% in 2011. Loss rates were greater in 2010 when flows were 25 frequently below Q95 (20% of study period), compared to 2011 when more typical flows 26 predominated (0% of study period below Q95). Smolts experienced significantly longer delay at 27 weirs during 2010 than 2011, associated with the different hydrographs during emigration as well as 28 weir design. Flow comparisons within the study periods and historical records shows that low flows 29 experienced in 2010 were not unusual. The swimming behaviour of smolts in relation to flow 30 conditions differed between years, with smolts in 2010 increasing their rate of movement in relation 31 to increasing flow at a faster rate than smolts in 2011. This is the first study to demonstrate river 32 flow impacts on the migration success of wild salmonid smolts at small weirs. Because small weirs 33 are common in rivers and because spring-summer low flow periods may become more frequent with 34 climate change (based on UKCIP09 models) and altered river hydrology, further research and 35 improved management is needed to reduce the impacts of low river flows in combination with low- 36 head weirs on salmonid smolt migration. 37 Keywords: Salmo trutta, smolt migration, habitat fragmentation, river obstructions, low flow 38 1. Introduction 39 In many developed countries there is a long history of river modification and, as a result, in-river 40 structures such as dams and weirs are present in half of the world’s rivers (Dynesius and Nilsson, 41 1994; Nilsson et al., 2005). Such modification has been integral to human population growth through 42 processes such as flood defence; power generation and farming in floodplains (Nilsson et al., 2005; 43 Poff and Hart, 2002). However, in-river barriers such as dams and weirs have a major role in the 44 fragmentation of fluvial ecosystems (Dynesius and Nilsson, 1994; Fullerton et al., 2010; Jungwirth, 45 1998; Kemp and O'Hanley, 2010). In-river barriers can have major impacts on fish populations by 46 preventing or restricting movement to habitats required for essential stages of fish life history 47 (Branco et al., 2012; Lucas and Baras, 2001; Lucas and Batley, 1996; Lucas et al., 2009; Wollebaek et 48 al., 2011). In-river barriers not only impact fish populations by restricting essential movement, there 49 is also major impacts on fish habitat due to alteration of the downstream flux of water and 50 sediment, nutrient movement, and water temperatures within rivers (Poff and Hart, 2002). The 51 effects of migration obstacles depend on factors such as fish species; river hydrology and barrier 52 type, with effects varying from short delays to complete blockage (Kemp and O'Hanley, 2010; 53 Northcote, 1998). In Europe, legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) 54 requires free passage for migratory fish travelling between areas of river essential for their life 55 history, such as juvenile emigration from natal areas and adult spawning migrations. Failure to 56 comply can result in the river being assigned less than “Good ecological status” and may result in 57 sanctions. 58 The seaward migration of juvenile anadromous salmonids (smolts) is a crucial event in their 59 life history. Smoltification is a period of great morphological, behavioural and physiological change 60 when juvenile salmonids develop various adaptations that enable them to survive at sea (Debowski 61 et al., 1999a; Debowski et al., 1999b; Denton and Saunders, 1972; Lysfjord and Staurnes, 1998; 62 McCormick et al., 1998). The smolt migratory period is precisely timed with photoperiod, river 63 discharge and temperature playing determinate roles in its commencement (Björnsson et al., 1995; 64 Björnsson et al., 2010; McCormick, 1994; McCormick et al., 2000; McCormick et al., 2007; 65 McCormick et al., 2002). Throughout migration smolts are subject to elevated predation risk from 66 mammalian; avian and fish predators (Aarestrup et al., 1999; Aarestrup and Koed, 2003; Carss et al., 67 1990; Dieperink et al., 2002; Dieperink et al., 2001; Harris et al., 2008; Heggenes and Borgstrom, 68 1988; Koed et al., 2002; Steinmetz et al., 2003; Svenning et al., 2005a; Svenning et al., 2005b; Wiese 69 et al., 2008). Delays at river obstructions during such a timing-specific and vulnerable life history 70 stage can potentially have large impacts on the survival of smolts and the health of salmonid stocks 71 as a whole. 72 The impacts of large dams on the hydrology and ecology of temperate river systems, 73 including downstream fish passage, especially of economically important salmonids, are relatively 74 well known. In general downstream salmonid passage efficiency over dams is high (74.6%) based on 75 recent quantitative assessment (Noonan et al., 2012). However, high smolt mortalities due to both 76 physical damage and predation have been observed at major impoundments and hydro-power 77 facilities (Aarestrup et al., 1999; Hockersmith et al., 2003; Keefer et al., 2012; Muir et al., 2001a; 78 Muir et al., 2001b; Raymond, 1979; Raymond, 1988; Smith et al., 2006; Smith et al., 2002; Williams 79 et al., 2001). Low flows due to regulation in river reaches also cause delays in smolt emigration and 80 result in increased duration of exposure to mortality risks (Aarestrup and Koed, 2003; Keefer et al., 81 2012). However, the impacts of low-head structures, such as simple overflow weirs are poorly 82 known for downstream migrants (Lucas and Baras, 2001) with the exception of bottom-orientated 83 freshwater eels (Acou et al., 2008). While impacts of small weirs on upstream-migrating fish (Lucas 84 and Frear, 1997; Ovidio and Philippart, 2002) have been partially mitigated by fish ladders designed 85 specifically to assist upstream passage (Clay, 1995), average passage efficiencies are relatively low 86 (41.7%) (Noonan et al., 2012) and presence of passage fascilities is not always guaranteed to 87 mitigate passage concerns (Roscoe and Hitch, 2010). However, it is generally assumed that 88 downstream migration of wild surface-oriented fishes such as salmonid smolts is relatively 89 unaffected and that they will pass simple overflowing weirs unhindered under reasonably natural 90 flow regimes (Lucas and Baras, 2001). Some studies on passage of hatchery-reared smolts past small 91 weirs, in particular that of Aarestrup and Koed (2003), strongly contradict this. To test this 92 assumption for wild fish, the effects of low-head weirs and the influence of natural variations in river 93 flow on the migration behaviour and survival of anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts were 94 examined in the River Tweed, UK, a catchment with very strong wild migratory salmonid stocks.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Galashiels and Selkirk Almanac and Directory for 1898
    UMBRELLAS Re-Covered in One Hour from 1/9 Upwards. All Kinds of Repairs Promptly Executed at J. R. FULTON'S Umbrella Ware- house, 51 HIGH STREET, Galashiels. *%\ TWENTIETH YEAR OF ISSUE. j?St masr Ok Galasbiels and Selkirk %•* Almanac and Directorp IFOIR, X898 Contains a Variety of Useful information, County Lists for Roxburgh and Selkirk, Local Institutions, and a Complete Trade Directory. Price, - - One Penny. PUBLISHED BY JOH3ST ZMZCQ-CTiEiE] INT, Proprietor of the "Scottish Border Record," LETTERPRESS and LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTER, 25 Channel Street, Galashiels. ADVERTISEMENT. NEW MODEL OF THE People's Cottage Piano —^~~t» fj i «y <kj»~ — PATERSON & SONS would draw Special Attention to this New Model, which is undoubtedly the Cheapest and Best Cottage Piano ever offered, and not only A CHEAP PIANO, but a Thoroughly Reliable Instrument, with P. & Sons' Guakantee. On the Hire System at 21s per Month till paid up. Descriptive Price-Lists on Application, or sent Free by Post. A Large Selection of Slightly-used Instruments returned from Hire will be Sold at Great Reductions. Sole Agents for the Steinway and Bechstein Pianofortes, the two Greatest Makers of the present century. Catalogues on Application. PATEESON <Sc SONS, Musicsellers to the Queen, 27 George Street, EDINBURGH. PATERSON & SONS' Tuners visit the Principal Districts of Scotland Quarterly, and can give every information as to the Purchase or Exchanne of Pianofortes. Orders left with John McQueen, "Border Record" Office, Galashiels, shall receive prompt attention. A life V'C WELLINGTON KNIFE POLISH. 1 *™ KKL f W % Prepared for Oakey's Knife-Boards and all Patent Knife- UfgWa^^""Kmm ^"it— I U Clea-iing Machines.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The vegetation of the River Tweed N. T. H. Holmes, How to cite: N. T. H. Holmes, (1975) The vegetation of the River Tweed, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8189/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk THE VEGETATION OF THE RIVER TWEED A thesis submitted by N. T. H. Holmes, B.Sc. (Dunelm), to the University of Durham, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Botany, University Science Laboratories, South Road, / Durham. I April, 1975 I 1 I I This thesis, which is entirely the result of my own work, has not been accepted for any degree, and is not being submitted concurrently in . canditature for any other degree. \ \ I i CONTENTS page Abstract I Acknowledgments II 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Aims 1 1.2 Literature referring to macrophyte surveys in rivers 1 1.3 Environmental parameters regarded as important in affecting the distribution of macrophytes in rivers 4 1.4 Techniques of survey 7 1.5 Problems in collection and interpretation of macrophyte data from rivers 12 1.6 The present study 14 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2018
    The Tweed Foundation 2018 Annual Report Contents Foreword 3 Fish Populations The present situation for Tweed Salmon 4-6 Monitoring Juvenile Salmon 2018 Electro-fishing Results 7-9 Counting Ettrick Fish Counter 10 Whiteadder Fish Counter 11 Gala Fish Counter 11 Smolt Monitoring 12-13 Environment Water Temperatures in the Summer of 2018 14-15 Bird Predation 16 Brown Trout 2018 Brown Trout Catches 17-18 Trout Traps 19-20 Brown Trout Tracking 21-22 Brown Trout Spot Pattern Recognition 23-24 Fish Easements 25-26 Other Species 2018 Grayling Catches 27 Scale Reading 28 Pink Salmon 28 Education and Events - Snapshot 2018 29-32 Find Us on Social Media 33 Our Services 33 Accounts 34 Trustees & Staff 35 Acknowledgements 35 2018 Objectives & Achievements 36-38 Support: Friends of The Tweed Foundation 39 Support: Donations & Gift Aid 40 Map of the Tweed Catchment 41 Published June 2019 © The Tweed Foundation Front cover: A Salmon Smolt, Gala Water Smolt Trap www.tweedfoundation.org.uk 1 Processing fish at the new Gala Smolt trap 2 www.tweedfoundation.org.uk Foreword Against a continuing backdrop of declining Salmon catches - both here and on most other Scottish rivers - The Tweed Foundation is focusing its energies in addressing those factors that can potentially be managed, or influenced, in the catchment. Whilst many of the difficulties currently faced by our Salmon are happening in the marine environment which is largely out of our control, we are developing ways in which we can increase our support for the most crucial, and fragile, part of the Tweed Salmon’s life cycle namely Smolt migration.
    [Show full text]
  • The Laird's Houses of Scotland
    The Laird’s Houses of Scotland: From the Reformation to the Industrial Revolution, 1560–1770 Sabina Ross Strachan PhD by Research The University of Edinburgh 2008 Declaration I, the undersigned, declare that this thesis has been composed by me, the work is my own, and it has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification except for this degree of PhD by Research. Signed: ............................................................................ Date:................................... Sabina Ross Strachan Contents List of Figures ix List of Tables xvii Abstract xix Acknowledgements xxi List of Abbreviations xxiii Part I 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Context 3 1.2.1 The study of laird’s houses 3 1.2.2 High-status architecture in early modern Scotland 9 1.3 ‘The Laird’s Houses of Scotland’: aims 13 1.4 ‘The Laird’s Houses of Scotland’: scope and structure 17 1.4.1 Scope 17 1.4.2 Structure 19 1.5 Conclusion 22 Chapter 2 Literature Review 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 An overview of laird’s houses 26 2.2.1 Dunbar, The Historic Architecture of Scotland, 1966 26 2.2.2 General surveys: MacGibbon & Ross (1887–92) and Tranter (1962) 28 2.2.3 Later commentators: 1992–2003 30 2.3 Regional, group and individual studies on laird’s houses 32 2.3.1 Regional surveys 32 2.3.2 Group studies 35 2.3.3 Individual studies 38 2.4 Conclusion 40 Chapter 3 Methodology 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Scope and general methodology 43 3.3 Defining the ‘laird’s house’ 47 3.3.1 What is a ‘laird’? 48 3.3.2 What is a ‘laird’s house’?
    [Show full text]
  • U) ( \ ' Jf ( V \ ./ R *! Rj R I < F} 5 7 > | \ F * ( I | 1 < T M T 51 I 11 Ffi O [ ./: I1 T I'lloiiriv
    U) ( \ ' Jf (\ ./v r *! r r ji < f} 5 7 > | \ f * ( i | 1 < t mt 51 i 11 ffi O [ ./: 1 t I I'llOiiriv '^y ■ ■; '/ k :}Kiy, ■ 7iK > v | National Library of Scotland illllllllllllllllllllillllllli *6000536714* Hfl2'2l3'D'/3gg' SCS.SH55. 511^54- SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY FIFTH SERIES VOLUME 19 Scottish Schools and Schoolmasters 1560-1633 Scottish Schools and Schoolmasters 1560-1633 t John Durkan Edited and revised by Jamie Reid-Baxter SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY 2006 THE BOYDELL PRESS © Scottish History Society 2013 All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner First published 2013 A Scottish History Society publication in association with The Boydell Press an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK and of Boydell & Brewer Inc. 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620-2731, USA website: www.boydellandbrewer.com ISBN 978-0-906245-28-6 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Papers used by Boydell & Brewer Ltd are natural, recyclable products made from wood grown in
    [Show full text]
  • Download Original Attachment
    Property Reference Number Primary Liable party name Full Property Address 100043001 Trs Of Abbey St Bathans Village Hall Village Hall, Abbey St Bathans, Duns, TD11 3TX 101001001 The Leonard Cheshire Foundation , Netherbyres House, Ayton, Eyemouth, TD14 5SE 101020702 Easy Lay Flooring Company Workshop, , Ayton Mains, Ayton, Eyemouth, TD14 5RE 101030512 J & D Cook Properties Ltd Training Centre, West Flemington, Eyemouth, TD14 5SQ 101056101 Eyemouth International Sailing Craft Assoc'N Ltd Store, Gunsgreenhill, Eyemouth, TD14 5SF 101056207 Eyemouth International Sailing Craft Assoc'N Ltd .Store, Gunsgreenhill, Eyemouth, TD14 5SF 101056302 Eyemouth International Sailing Craft Assoc'N Ltd Stores, Gunsgreenhill, Eyemouth, Berwickshire, TD14 5SF 101066725 Scottish Borders Council Eyemouth High School, Gunsgreenhill, Eyemouth, TD14 5LZ 101066776 Scottish Borders Council Civic Amenity Site, Gunsgreenhill, Eyemouth, Berwickshire, TD14 5SF 101066804 Scottish Water Sewage Works, , Gunsgreen, Eyemouth, TD14 5LH 101077011 Burnmouth Harbour Trustees Store 1, Burnmouth Harbour, Eyemouth, TD14 5SG 101077022 Burnmouth Harbour Trustees Store 2, Burnmouth Harbour, Eyemouth, TD14 5SG 101077033 Burnmouth Harbour Trustees Store 3, Burnmouth Harbour, Eyemouth, TD14 5SG 101077044 Burnmouth Harbour Trustees Store 4, Burnmouth Harbour, Eyemouth, TD14 5SG 101077055 Burnmouth Harbour Trustees Store 5, Burnmouth Harbour, Eyemouth, TD14 5SG 101077066 Burnmouth Harbour Trustees Store 6, Burnmouth Harbour, Eyemouth, TD14 5SG 101099003 Intensacare Ltd - In Liquidation
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2017
    The Tweed Foundation 2017 Annual Report Contents Page The Tweed Foundation’s Annual Report 2017 Chairman’s Report 2 Director’s Foreword 3 Environment Temperature Monitoring 4 Fish Populations The North-east England Drift Nets and Tweed Catches 5-9 Monitoring Juvenile Salmon 2017 Electro-fishing Results 10-13 Bird Predation 14-15 The Hatchery Question 16-19 Counting Gala Fish Counter 20 Whiteadder Fish Counter 20 Ettrick Fish Counter 21 Brown Trout 2017 Brown Trout Catches 22 Tweed Brown Trout Male:Female Ratios 23 Brown Trout Spot Pattern Recognition 24-25 Brown Trout Tracking 26-27 Fish Easements 28 Upper Tweed Fish Trap 29 Other Species 2017 Grayling Catches 30 Pink Salmon 31 Education Snapshot 2017 32-36 Consultancy 37 Our Services 37 Scale Reading 38 Find us on Social Media 38 Accounts 39 Trustees & Staff 40 Acknowledgements 40 2017 Objectives & Achievements 41-42 Join: Friends of The Tweed Foudnation 43 Donations & Gift Aid 44 Map of the Tweed Catchment 45 Published July 2018 © The Tweed Foundation Front cover: An Upper Tweed burn near Tweedsmuir – a tributary which The Tweed Foundation monitors for Trout. www.tweedfoundation.org.uk 1 Chairman’s Report Rod catches for salmon continued to decline in 2017 and the collapse of the once famed autumn run has had a severe economic impact on the entire river. Jobs and livelihoods are now at risk. Against this background, many of those who have a direct interest in the management and well- being of the fishery - Proprietors, Tweed Commissioners, boatmen and anglers - are understandably questioning the activities of The Foundation and how that impacts on the management policies of the River Tweed Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTHERN UPLAND WAY W 2Nd Edition Including 8 New Walks Introduction
    s on the Eastern Section of lk a THE SOUTHERN UPLAND WAY w 2nd edition including 8 new walks Introduction The Scottish Borders is a beautiful area, full of history and interest, which deserves to be enjoyed by more people. One of the aims of Scottish Borders Council is to encourage tourism to the area and to enable the public to gain access to and learn more about the countryside. This booklet contains descriptions for 55 walks in the Scottish Borders, along with information on features and places of interest that you may come across whilst out walking. Each walk incorporates a part of the Southern Upland Way. The main route is waymarked throughout its length using the standard symbol for Long Distance Footpaths in Scotland. Other sections of the walks may not be waymarked and although this booklet contains maps of the walks, you are strongly recommended to carry the relevant 1:50,000 or 1:25,000 maps for each walk. The official guide for the route offers exceptionally good value as it provides written information for the route and also includes full 1:50,000 map coverage of the entire route. Acknowledgements This booklet has been produced, within the Countryside section of the Planning and Economic Development Portfolio of the Council. Scottish Borders Council is pleased to acknowledge financial support from Scottish Natural Heritage, which greatly assisted the production of this guide. The Council would also like to thank all those individuals, too numerous to mention by name, involved in the production of this booklet. Grateful thanks are extended to all the land owners and land managers for their co-operation and assistance in allowing the walks over their ground to be included.
    [Show full text]
  • Around Galashiels
    around Galashiels £2.00 Paths Around Galashiels Paths Around Galashiels Contents Route Distance Location Page Route 1 6miles/9.5km Buckholm Circular 8 Route 2 2miles/3.5km Ladhope Recreation Ground 10 Route 3 7miles/11km Gala Hill and Langlee Woodland 12 Route 4 3miles/5km Langlee Woodland 14 Route 5 1miles/1.5km Tweedbank Nature Trail 16 Route 6 1miles/1.6km Gala Policies 20 Route 7 7miles/11km Hollybush Circular 22 Route 8 7miles/11km Peel and Yair 24 Route 9 1miles/2km Glenkinnon Community 26 Woodland Route10 6miles/10km Meigle Circular 28 Route 11 4.5miles/7km Torwoodlee Circular 30 Route 12 16miles/25km Gala Circuit 32 Other various 34 routes How To Get There Galashiels is well served by public transport with regular buses to and from a number of towns in the Scottish Borders. Connections are available to Edinburgh, Carlisle, Berwick upon Tweed and other places. For the motorist, Galashiels is easily reached from either the A7 or A68 via the A6091. Car parking is available in the town. 2 3 Paths Around Galashiels Paths Around Galashiels Galashiels Toilet Facilities Galashiels originated in the Middle Ages The public toilets in Galashiels are situated as a small hamlet. The Borders area was in these areas: High Street; Bank Street and the focus of many of the battles of Anglo- the Bus station. Scottish wars of the 14th-16th centuries. Despite this, Galashiels managed to escape Waymarking and Maps the worst ravages of this period. A notable The routes are waymarked with the exception was in 1544 when the villages of distinctive yellow and dark green ‘Galashiels Buckholm and Galashiels were burned by Paths’ or ‘Clovenfords Paths’ discs.
    [Show full text]
  • Biggar to Peebles 22M/35Km Peebles to Melrose 25M/40Km Melrose to Coldstream 28M/45Km
    Biggar to Peebles 22m/35km Peebles to Melrose 25m/40km Melrose to Coldstream 28m/45km Although not strictly in the Tweed valley, the route starts Follow the south bank of the Tweed along the B7062 to Turn left out of Buccleuch Street past Melrose Abbey (visitor in Biggar which is 10 miles (signed route) from the nearest Traquair. The gradients are generally easy along this road, facilities) on the road to Newstead before the end of the railway station at Carstairs Junction. From the High Street apart from some moderate climbing around Kailzie Gardens village bear left on to a section of traffic-free, gated road. follow Station Road south and cross the Biggar Water and past Cardrona to the ‘Bear Gates’ at Traquair House Go past the Trimontium stone (site of major Roman fort) past Hartree House. After a short climb the road is then (visitor facilities). At the ‘T’ junction by the war memorial and under Leaderfoot Viaduct to Old Drygrange Bridge. undulating to Broughton (facilities). (7mls / 11km). in the village turn left on B709 and at the next junction Cross the Tweed to join the road to Smailholm and after continue straight on a narrow road. crossing the Leader Water climb steeply up for ½ mile * An alternative route for the more adventurous follows a loop to before turning right on to a minor road. Continue climbing the south of Goseland Hill along a remote and beautiful valley. * To visit Innerleithen follow the ‘B’ road left over the river. to eventually reach a summit at Scott’s View (181m) with a superb panorama of the Tweed Valley and Eildon Hills.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr RNB Campbell, Tweed Foundation
    A fisheries management plan for the River Tweed in the Scottish Borders Item Type article Authors Campbell, Ronald Download date 28/09/2021 05:02:23 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/22241 2 RONALD CAMPBELL A FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE RIVER TWEED IN THE SCOTTISH BORDERS RONALD CAMPBELL (Dr R. N. B. Campbell, Tweed Foundation Biologist, The Tweed Fish Conservation Centre, Dry grange by Melrose, Roxburghshire TD6 9DJ, Scotland.) (This article is based on a talk given at the FBA's Annual Scientific Meeting on "The Scientific Basis for Managing Rivers for Conservation", held at The Royal Society, London, in July 1997.) Introduction The River Tweed (Figs 1-4) is, in rod-catch terms, the second most important river in Britain for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., with an annual rod catch of ca. 10,000 fish, and also supports a now much reduced salmon-net fishery in its estuary (illustrated on the Front Cover of this volume) and around the immediate North Sea coastline. A drift-net fishery off the Northumbrian coast also takes a significant number of Tweed salmon (Anon. 1991). As well as its famous salmon, sea-trout (Salmo trutta trutta) and brown-trout (S. trutta fario) fisheries, some notable grayling (Thymallus thymallus) are caught - the present Scottish record (3 lbs 1 oz; 1.404 kg) is from the Tweed. Some coarse fish species, roach (Rutilus rutilus), dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) and gudgeon (Gobio gobio), have been introduced within the past 100 years (Mills 1989). The river has a complex drainage system based around five major and three minor tributaries (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Magazine of Ramblers Scotland Lothian & Borders Area
    ISSUE 73 APRIL 2019 - OCTOBER 2019 Magazine of Ramblers Scotland Lothian & Borders Area Walk programmes of local groups: Balerno, Coldstream, East Lothian, Edinburgh, Eildon, Linlithgow, Livingston, Midlothian, South Queensferry & Tweeddale. Ramblers Charity England & Wales No: 1093577 Scotland No: SC039799 www.lothian-borders-ramblers.org.uk CHAIRMAN’S LETTER Hope this note finds you all well and enjoying some great walking too. It was lovely to see so many groups represented and our youngest member, two year old Scott (Edinburgh Family Group), at our recent Area AGM. It was kindly hosted by the East Lothi- an group, who did a marvellous job welcoming everyone to North Berwick. After our business meeting, we had two very good speakers from East Lothian. One from the Sea Bird Centre and one from the local Ranger service. Both were very enjoyable and informative. You may have heard…..news travels fast …‘The Gathering 2019’ is being hosted by the Eil- don Group in the Scottish Borders from the 3rd to 6th May and full details for registration are on the Ramblers Website. We have a full programme of magnificent Walks and entertainment including a Ceilidh and we hope you will give this weekend your full support. We have to date over 100 coming so please come if you can and join us for fun and friendship, guaranteed. We have a few changes to the Area Committee and we are saying our goodbyes and thanks to Christine Dykes who has done a great job for the past three years as Area Secretary. I would like to welcome Julia Roberts onboard who is taking on this role and sure she will do a great job too.
    [Show full text]