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DRAFT Critical Area Resource Plan Marsh and Rock Creek Watersheds Adams County, Pennsylvania

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DRAFT Critical Area Resource Plan Marsh and Rock Creek Watersheds Adams County, Pennsylvania v.8/28/2012 DRAFT Critical Area Resource Plan Marsh and Rock Creek Watersheds Adams County, Pennsylvania Prepared for Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Grant No. 4300222545 Prepared by Heidi L.N. Moltz James B. Palmer Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin 51 Monroe Street, Suite PE-08 Rockville, MD 20850 August 2012 ICPRB Report No. ICPRB-12-2 v.8/28/2012 Cover Photo Natural Dam on Marsh Creek, August 1, 2010. Flow on this day was estimated at less than 1 cfs. Photo by Emily Knowles-Kellett. Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the opinions or policies of the United States government or the signatories or Commissioners to the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin. ii v.8/28/2012 Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ viii List of Appendices ................................................................................................................................... xi Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................. xii Units of Measurement ............................................................................................................................ xiii 1 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 1 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Numeric Precision and Spatial Resolution .................................................................................... 6 2.2 Demographics ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Watershed Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 8 2.3.1 Elevation ............................................................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Land Use and Land Cover .................................................................................................... 9 2.3.3 Precipitation ........................................................................................................................ 10 2.3.4 Geology ............................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.5 Soils ..................................................................................................................................... 11 3 CARP Elements .................................................................................................................................. 12 3.1 Stakeholder Participation ............................................................................................................ 12 3.2 Water Resources Issues ............................................................................................................... 13 3.2.1 Water Availability ............................................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 Water Storage ...................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.3 Water Quality ...................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.4 Stormwater .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.5 Policy and Management ...................................................................................................... 15 3.2.6 Data Availability ................................................................................................................. 15 3.2.7 Communication ................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.8 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 15 3.3 Technical Analyses ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.3.1 Existing Reasonable and Beneficial Uses ........................................................................... 16 3.3.1.1 Withdrawal Uses ............................................................................................................. 16 3.3.1.2 Nonwithdrawal Uses ....................................................................................................... 39 3.3.1.3 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 47 3.3.2 Water Availability and Future Water Uses ......................................................................... 47 3.3.2.1 Water Budgets ................................................................................................................. 48 3.3.2.2 Water Use Budgets.......................................................................................................... 65 3.3.2.3 Future Water Uses ........................................................................................................... 71 3.3.2.4 Comparisons of Water Use and Water Availability ........................................................ 87 3.3.2.5 Groundwater Sustainable Yield ...................................................................................... 94 3.3.2.6 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 100 3.3.3 Water Quality Issues ......................................................................................................... 101 3.3.3.1 Regulatory ..................................................................................................................... 101 3.3.3.2 Ground and Surface Water Samples ............................................................................. 104 3.3.3.3 Impacts to Aquatic Benthic Communities .................................................................... 117 3.3.3.4 Impacts to Public Water Supplies ................................................................................. 118 3.3.3.5 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 119 3.3.4 Stormwater and Floodplain Management ......................................................................... 120 3.3.4.1 Current Land Uses ........................................................................................................ 120 3.3.4.2 Future Land Uses .......................................................................................................... 124 3.3.4.3 Stormwater as a Resource ............................................................................................. 126 iii v.8/28/2012 3.3.4.4 Stormwater Impacts to Public Water Supplies .............................................................. 126 3.3.4.5 Stormwater Management .............................................................................................. 127 3.3.4.6 Floodplains .................................................................................................................... 128 3.3.4.7 Stormwater and Floodplain Regulations ....................................................................... 132 3.3.4.8 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 132 3.4 Management Alternatives ......................................................................................................... 132 3.4.1 Evaluation of Management Alternatives ........................................................................... 133 3.4.1.1 Scoring Approach ......................................................................................................... 133 3.4.1.2 Evaluation and Prioritization of Alternatives by Water Resources Issue ..................... 134 3.4.2 Adverse Impacts and Conflicts ......................................................................................... 163 3.4.2.1 Avoiding Conflicts ........................................................................................................ 164 3.4.2.2 Adverse Impacts ............................................................................................................ 164 3.5 Management Recommendations and Implementation .............................................................. 164 3.5.1 Management Recommendations ....................................................................................... 164 3.5.1.1 Other Activities ............................................................................................................
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