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Local Network Competition
Chapter 15 LOCAL NETWORK COMPETITION Glenn A Woroch* University of California, Berkeley Contents 1. Introduction 1.1.Scope and objectives 1.2.Patterns and themes 2. Local Network Competition in Historical Perspective 2.1.Local competition in one city, a century apart 2.2.U.S. experience with local competition and monopoly 2.3.The experience abroad 3. Economic Conditions of Local Network Competition 3.1.Defining local services and markets 3.2.Demand for local network services 3.3.Cost of local service and technical change 4. The Structure and Regulation of the Local Network Industry 4.1.Structure of the U.S. local exchange industry 4.2.Regulation of local network competition 5. Strategic Modelling of Local Network Competition 5.1.Causes and consequences of local network competition 5.2.Strategic choices of local network entrants 5.3.Strategic models of local network competition 5.4.Entry barriers 6. Empirical Evidence on Local Network Competition 7. Wireless Local Competition 7.1.Wireless communications technologies 7.2.Wireless services as wireline competitors 7.3.Structure of the wireless industry 7.4.An assessment of the wireless threat 8. The Future of Local Competition References * I have received helpful comments on earlier drafts from Mark Armstrong, Bob Crandall, David Gabel and Lester Taylor. Ellen Burton of the FCC and Amy Friedlander of CNRI supplied useful empirical and historical information. I am especially grateful to Ingo Vogelsang for his encouragement, guidance, and inexhaustible patience throughout this project. I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Scope and Objectives of this Chapter This chapter surveys the economic analysis of competition in markets for local telecommunications services.1 Its main objective is to understand patterns of competition in these markets and evaluate its benefits and costs against the alternative forms of industrial organisation. -
Central Telecom Long Distance, Inc
Central Telecom Long Distance, Inc. 102 South Tejon Street, 11th Floor Colorado Springs, CO 80903. Telecommunications Service Guide For Interstate and International Services May 2016 This Service Guide contains the descriptions, regulations, and rates applicable to furnishing of domestic Interstate and International Long Distance Telecommunications Services provided by Central Telecom Long Distance, Inc. (“Central Telecom Long Distance” or “Company”). This Service Guide and is available to Customers and the public in accordance with the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) Public Availability of Information Concerning Interexchange Services rules, 47 CFR Section 42.10. Additional information is available by contacting Central Telecom Long Distance, Inc.’s Customer Service Department toll free at 888.988.9818, or in writing directed to Customer Service, 102 South Tejon Street, 11th Floor, Colorado Springs, CO 80903. 1 INTRODUCTION This Service Guide contains the rates, terms, and conditions applicable to the provision of domestic Interstate and International Long Distance Services. This Service Guide is prepared in accordance with the Federal Communications Commission’s Public Availability of Information Concerning Interexchange Services rules, 47 C.F.R. Section 42.10 and Service Agreement and may be changed and/or discontinued by the Company. This Service Guide governs the relationship between Central Telecom Long Distance, Inc. and its Interstate and International Long Distance Service Customers, pursuant to applicable federal regulation, federal and state law, and any client-specific arrangements. In the event one or more of the provisions contained in this Service Guide shall, for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision hereof, and this Service Guide shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein. -
The Great Telecom Meltdown for a Listing of Recent Titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, Turn to the Back of This Book
The Great Telecom Meltdown For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, turn to the back of this book. The Great Telecom Meltdown Fred R. Goldstein a r techhouse. com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Goldstein, Fred R. The great telecom meltdown.—(Artech House telecommunications Library) 1. Telecommunication—History 2. Telecommunciation—Technological innovations— History 3. Telecommunication—Finance—History I. Title 384’.09 ISBN 1-58053-939-4 Cover design by Leslie Genser © 2005 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-939-4 10987654321 Contents ix Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Gave Cable Providers an Advantage on “Triple Play” 122 RBOCs Took the Threat Seriously 123 Hybrid Fiber-Coax Is Developed 123 Cable Modems -
Carrier Locator: Interstate Service Providers
Carrier Locator: Interstate Service Providers November 1997 Jim Lande Katie Rangos Industry Analysis Division Common Carrier Bureau Federal Communications Commission Washington, DC 20554 This report is available for reference in the Common Carrier Bureau's Public Reference Room, 2000 M Street, N.W. Washington DC, Room 575. Copies may be purchased by calling International Transcription Service, Inc. at (202) 857-3800. The report can also be downloaded [file name LOCAT-97.ZIP] from the FCC-State Link internet site at http://www.fcc.gov/ccb/stats on the World Wide Web. The report can also be downloaded from the FCC-State Link computer bulletin board system at (202) 418-0241. Carrier Locator: Interstate Service Providers Contents Introduction 1 Table 1: Number of Carriers Filing 1997 TRS Fund Worksheets 7 by Type of Carrier and Type of Revenue Table 2: Telecommunications Common Carriers: 9 Carriers that filed a 1997 TRS Fund Worksheet or a September 1997 Universal Service Worksheet, with address and customer contact number Table 3: Telecommunications Common Carriers: 65 Listing of carriers sorted by carrier type, showing types of revenue reported for 1996 Competitive Access Providers (CAPs) and 65 Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs) Cellular and Personal Communications Services (PCS) 68 Carriers Interexchange Carriers (IXCs) 83 Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) 86 Paging and Other Mobile Service Carriers 111 Operator Service Providers (OSPs) 118 Other Toll Service Providers 119 Pay Telephone Providers 120 Pre-paid Calling Card Providers 129 Toll Resellers 130 Table 4: Carriers that are not expected to file in the 137 future using the same TRS ID because of merger, reorganization, name change, or leaving the business Table 5: Carriers that filed a 1995 or 1996 TRS Fund worksheet 141 and that are unaccounted for in 1997 i Introduction This report lists 3,832 companies that provided interstate telecommunications service as of June 30, 1997. -
History of the Internet-English
Sirin Palasri Steven Huter ZitaWenzel, Ph.D. THE HISTOR Y OF THE INTERNET IN THAILAND Sirin Palasri Steven G. Huter Zita Wenzel (Ph.D.) The Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC) University of Oregon The History of the Internet in Thailand by Sirin Palasri, Steven Huter, and Zita Wenzel Cover Design: Boonsak Tangkamcharoen Published by University of Oregon Libraries, 2013 1299 University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403-1299 United States of America Telephone: (541) 346-3053 / Fax: (541) 346-3485 Second printing, 2013. ISBN: 978-0-9858204-2-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-9858204-6-6 (English PDF), doi:10.7264/N3B56GNC ISBN: 978-0-9858204-7-3 (Thai PDF), doi:10.7264/N36D5QXN Originally published in 1999. Copyright © 1999 State of Oregon, by and for the State Board of Higher Education, on behalf of the Network Startup Resource Center at the University of Oregon. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/deed.en_US Requests for permission, beyond the Creative Commons authorized uses, should be addressed to: The Network Startup Resource Center (NSRC) 1299 University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97403-1299 USA Telephone: +1 541 346-3547 Email: [email protected] Fax: +1 541-346-4397 http://www.nsrc.org/ This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NCR-961657. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. -
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It the Harvard Community Has
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Jonathan L. Zittrain, The Future of the Internet -- And How to Citation Stop It (Yale University Press & Penguin UK 2008). Published Version http://futureoftheinternet.org/ Accessed July 1, 2016 4:22:42 AM EDT Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4455262 This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH Terms of Use repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms- of-use#LAA (Article begins on next page) YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page i The Future of the Internet— And How to Stop It YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page ii YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iii The Future of the Internet And How to Stop It Jonathan Zittrain With a New Foreword by Lawrence Lessig and a New Preface by the Author Yale University Press New Haven & London YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iv A Caravan book. For more information, visit www.caravanbooks.org. The cover was designed by Ivo van der Ent, based on his winning entry of an open competition at www.worth1000.com. Copyright © 2008 by Jonathan Zittrain. All rights reserved. Preface to the Paperback Edition copyright © Jonathan Zittrain 2008. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
Introductory Concepts
www.getmyuni.com INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS 1.1 WHAT IS TELECOMMUNICATION? Many people call telecommunication the world’s must lucrative industry. In the United States, 110 million households have telephones and 50% of total households in the U.S. have Internet access and there are some 170 million mobile subscribers. Long-distance service annual revenues as of 2004 exceeded 100 × 109 dollars.1 Prior to divestiture (1983), the Bell System was the largest commercial company in the United States. It had the biggest fleet of vehicles, the most employees, and the greatest income. Every retiree with any sense held the safe and dependable Bell stock. Bell System could not be found on the “Fortune 500” listing of the largest companies. In 1982, Western Electric Co., the Bell System manufacturing arm, was number seven on the “Fortune 500.” However, if one checked the “Fortune 100 Utilities,” the Bell System was up on the top. Transferring this information to the “Fortune 500” put Bell System as the leader on the list. We know it is big business; but what is telecommunications? Webster’s (Ref. 1) calls it communications at a distance.TheIEEE Standard Dictionary (Ref. 2) defines telecom- munications as the transmission of signals over long distance, such as by telegraph, radio, or television. Another term we often hear is electrical communication. This is a descriptive term, but of somewhat broader scope. Some take the view that telecommunication deals only with voice telephony, and the typical provider of this service is the local telephone company. We hold a wider interpretation. Telecommunication encompasses the electrical communication at a distance of voice, data, and image information (e.g., TV and facsimile). -
Telecommunications; Amending 17 O.S
STATE OF OKLAHOMA 2nd Session of the 48th Legislature (2002) HOUSE BILL HB2796 By: Braddock and Case AS INTRODUCED An Act relating to telecommunications; amending 17 O.S. 2001, Section 139.102, which relates to the Oklahoma Telecommunications Act of 1997; adding definition; prohibiting the Corporation Commission from imposing any regulation on a high speed Internet access service or broadband service provider; allowing regulation in certain circumstances; allowing continuation of certain interconnection agreements; requiring certain provider to make agreements available to other providers; allowing the Corporation Commission to enforce certain interconnect agreements; prohibiting the Commission from expanding certain regulation; providing for codification; providing an effective date; and declaring an emergency. BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA: SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 17 O.S. 2001, Section 139.102, is amended to read as follows: Section 139.102 As used in the Oklahoma Telecommunications Act of 1997: 1. "Access line" means the facility provided and maintained by a telecommunications service provider which permits access to or from the public switched network; 2. "Commission" means the Corporation Commission of this state; 3. "Competitive local exchange carrier" or "CLEC" means, with respect to an area or exchange, a telecommunications service provider that is certificated by the Commission to provide local exchange services in that area or exchange within the state after July 1, 1995; Req. No. 7936 Page 1 4. "Competitively neutral" means not advantaging or favoring one person over another; 5. "End User Common Line Charge" means the flat-rate monthly interstate access charge required by the Federal Communications Commission that contributes to the cost of local service; 6. -
Trojans and Malware on the Internet an Update
Attitude Adjustment: Trojans and Malware on the Internet An Update Sarah Gordon and David Chess IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights, NY Abstract This paper continues our examination of Trojan horses on the Internet; their prevalence, technical structure and impact. It explores the type and scope of threats encountered on the Internet - throughout history until today. It examines user attitudes and considers ways in which those attitudes can actively affect your organization’s vulnerability to Trojanizations of various types. It discusses the status of hostile active content on the Internet, including threats from Java and ActiveX, and re-examines the impact of these types of threats to Internet users in the real world. Observations related to the role of the antivirus industry in solving the problem are considered. Throughout the paper, technical and policy based strategies for minimizing the risk of damage from various types of Trojan horses on the Internet are presented This paper represents an update and summary of our research from Where There's Smoke There's Mirrors: The Truth About Trojan Horses on the Internet, presented at the Eighth International Virus Bulletin Conference in Munich Germany, October 1998, and Attitude Adjustment: Trojans and Malware on the Internet, presented at the European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research in Aalborg, Denmark, March 1999. Significant portions of those works are included here in original form. Descriptors: fidonet, internet, password stealing trojan, trojanized system, trojanized application, user behavior, java, activex, security policy, trojan horse, computer virus Attitude Adjustment: Trojans and Malware on the Internet Trojans On the Internet… Ever since the city of Troy was sacked by way of the apparently innocuous but ultimately deadly Trojan horse, the term has been used to talk about something that appears to be beneficial, but which hides an attack within. -
Program on Information Resources Policy
INCIDENTAL PAPER Growing Up With the Information Age John C. B. LeGates April 2011 Program on Information Resources Policy Center for Information Policy Research Harvard University The Program on Information Resources Policy is jointly sponsored by Harvard University and the Center for Information Policy Research. Chairman Managing Director Anthony G. Oettinger John C. B. LeGates John LeGates began his career as an entrepreneur in the earliest days of computer communications and networking. He was the first to put computers in schools and later in hospitals. He built the first academic computer-resource-sharing network and was a member of the Arpanet NWG, the original Internet design team. Since 1973 he has been a member of the Harvard faculty, where he co-founded the Program on Information Resources Policy. Copyright © 2011 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Not to be reproduced in any form without written consent from the Program on Information Resources Policy, Harvard University, Maxwell Dworkin Bldg. 125, 33 Oxford St., Cambridge MA 02138. 617-495-4114 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.pirp.harvard.edu ISBN 0-9798243-3-8 I-11-3 LeGates Life and Times DRAFT February 1, 1998 NOTES ON GROWING UP WITH THE INFORMATION AGE John C. B. LeGates WHAT IS THIS DOCUMENT? In 1997 I was approached by a writer for The New Yorker magazine, who asked if they could do a "life and times" article about me. It would be the feature article in one of their issues - a minimum of twenty pages. Alternatively it might be longer, and be serialized over several issues. -
Atlantic Broadband Enterprise, LLC – Pennsylvania Competitive Local Exchange Carrier Tariff
Atlantic Broadband Enterprise, LLC Telephone PA P.U.C. Tariff No. 1 Title Page COMPETITIVE LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIER TITLE PAGE ATLANTIC BROADBAND ENTERPRISE, LLC COMPETITIVE LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIER Regulations and Schedule of Charges For business Customers Only Within the Service Territories of Armstrong Telephone Company - North, Armstrong Telephone Company - PA, Citizens Telecommunications of New York, Inc., Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg, Consolidated Communications of Pennsylvania Company, Deposit Telephone Company, Frontier Communications - Commonwealth Telephone Company, Frontier Communications - Lakewood, Inc., Frontier Communications - Oswayo River, Inc., Frontier Communications of Breezewood, Inc., Frontier Communications of Canton, Inc., Frontier Communications of Pennsylvania, Inc., Hancock Telephone Company, Hickory Telephone Company, Ironton Telephone Company, Lackawaxen Telephone Company, Laurel Highland Telephone Company, Mahanoy & Mahantango Telephone Company, Marianna and Scenery Hill Telephone Company, North Penn Telephone Company, Palmerton Telephone Company, Pennsylvania Telephone Company, Pymatuning Independent Telephone Company, South Canaan Telephone Company, Sugar Valley Telephone Company, The Bentleyville Telephone Company, North-Eastern PA Telephone Company, United Telephone Company of PA d/b/a CenturyLink, Venus Telephone Corporation, Verizon-North, LLC, Verizon-Pennslvania, LLC, Westside Telecommunications, Windstream Buffalo Valley, Windstream Conestoga, Inc., Windstream D&E, Inc., Windstream Pennsylvania, Yukon Waltz Telephone Company. The Company will mirror the exchange area boundaries as stated in the tariffs of Armstrong Telephone Company - North P.U.C. No. 2; Armstrong Telephone Company - PA PA PUC No. 10; Citizens Telecommunications of New York, Inc. P.U.C. No. 2; Citizens Telephone Company of Kecksburg P.U.C. No. 3; Consolidated Communications of Pennsylvania Company P.U.C. No. 11; Deposit Telephone Company PA PUC No. 1; Frontier Communications - Commonwealth Telephone Company PA PUC No. -
Ip Communications Solutions
IP COMMUNICATIONS SOLUTIONS for Today’s Business Challenges Table of Contents IP Call to Action . .1 License to Communicate . .6 Calling on Innovation . .13 The Video Advantage . .19 Migrating to IP Telephony? . .24 Enhanced Communications with IP Telephony . .33 A Higher Standard of Service at Arizona State Savings & Credit Union . .40 IP Communications Made Easy . .47 Bend, Oregon Converges with IP Telephony . .50 Enterprise-wide IP telephony . .53 IP Telephony Management . .58 IP CALL TO ACTION BY GAIL MEREDITH OTTESON Enabling anytime, anywhere business communications To achieve success in life and in business, people need to understand one another. Every-one has wrestled with misunderstandings and differing interpretations. There is no way around it: interpersonal communication is challenging, and the globalization of business makes it more so. As project teams become more geo- graphically dispersed, they need technologies that facilitate effective collabora- tion. These technologies should break down distance barriers, overcoming tradi- tional limitations with new ways to share information and enhance discussions, ultimately leading to better decisions and business growth. That’s why business- es need IP communications. IP communications encompasses IP telephony, video telephony, unified messaging and voice mail, IP video- and audio-conferencing, customer contact solutions, voice gateways and applications, security solutions, and network management. It exemplifies the systemic approach inherent in intelligent networking. “Where the network has always provided con- nectivity, now it also solves business problems,” says Rob Redford, vice president of Product and Technology Marketing at Cisco. “With intelligent networking, the network, applica- tions, and other components interact in a systemic way—the right function finds the right place in the system.