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Railways and the Issue of Inner Line Permit in Arunachal Pradesh

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Railways and the Issue of Inner Line Permit in Arunachal Pradesh ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846 Railways and the Issue of Inner Line Permit in Arunachal Pradesh Can the Two Function Together? DAVID GAO Vol. 50, Issue No. 8, 21 Feb, 2015 David Gao ([email protected]) is with Department of Political science at Rajiv Gandhi University (Central University) Rono Hills, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh. With Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagging off the Naharlagun-New Delhi AC Express 20 February 2015, the remote state of Arunachal Pradesh has been formally been put on the railway map of India. However, this momentous development has stoked fear among a certain section of people, who feel that that the state would be inundated with people without the mandatory Inner Line Permit, threatening the socio-economic fabric of their society. The Background The introduction of rail services in the border state of Arunachal Pradesh has been a long cherished dream of the Arunachalees. However, the event has evoked mixed feelings among the people of the state. There is immense anxiety among student organisations and civil society groups who fear that rail connectivity between Arunachal Pradesh and the rest of the country will bring in an influx of people, entering the state without the requisite Inner Line Permit (ILP). The others see the coming of railways, in absence of proper road and air connectivity, as a development which will boost trade and commerce in this remote state, bringing about much needed growth. ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846 AC Express to be flagged off by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Arunanchal Pradesh Statehood Day. Courtesy: Sanjay Mosing Despite the state being considered as a geo-strategically important state, both by scholars and policymakers, as it shares an international boundary with China, Myanmar and Bhutan, it has been plagued by underdevelopment. In fact, not only Arunachal Pradesh, but all the North-Eastern states of India suffer from underdevelopment. Sanjeev Baruah rightly pointed out that the “partition of 1947 and the state of diplomatic relations between India and its neighbours turned Northeast India into a ‘sensitive border region’ requiring special attention on national security concern. The condition has not been conducive to the region’s economic and political well-being” (Baruah 2005). The people of Arunachal Pradesh are dismayed by the indifferent attitude of the central government towards the development of the state. This border state has been at the centre of a territorial dispute between the two Asian giants, India and China. But despite that, the government has not bothered to develop infrastructure along the border. Acknowledging this fact in the Parliament in October 2013, the erstwhile Congress Defence Minister A K Anthony said that “China is superior in terms of border infrastructure as India was late in deciding on building roads and other capabilities near the LAC (Line of Actual Control) because of the impact of the 1962 war”. While describing it as a “collective failure” of all the successive governments, the minister further said that “after ‘years of neglect’, India is fast developing capabilities near the China border, including building of roads, raising of two mountain divisions and setting up many new airfields and landing grounds” (Times of India ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846 2013). In a bid to bolster the connectivity and infrastructure in this remote border state, the railways embarked on a project to put Arunachal Pradesh on India’s railway map in the late 1990s. The Harmutty (Assam)–Naharlagun (Arunachal Pradesh) line was laid, and on 7 April 2014, the first passenger train rolled into Naharlagun, 15 kms from the state capital Itanagar, from Dekargaon in Assam. Passenger train at the Naharlagun Railway Station. Courtesy: Sanjay Mosing This was in line with the railway’s policy to provide connectivity to state capitals of North- Eastern states. It can also be understood as an attempt by the Indian government to bring infrastructure development in Arunachal Pradesh on par with what the Chinese government has accomplished in their territory along the border. Advent of Railways The railway project in Arunachal Pradesh was sanctioned in 1997, when the former Railway Minister Ram Vilas Paswan announced the 21 km Harmutty-Naharlagun railway line (9 kms in Assam and 12.75 kilometers in Arunachal Pradesh) to link Arunachal Pradesh with the national rail network for the first time (India Times 2014). Accordingly, a survey was conducted in 1997 by the Indian railways and a meter gauge line was sanctioned in the 1996-97 railway budget. However, the state government approved the project only by 2006. The project was delayed further when the line had to be upgraded to a meter gauge line at the request of the state government. (Economic Times 2014). ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846 With the completion of the Harmutti-Naharlagun railway link in early 2014, the infrastructure was in place to connect Naharlagun with New Delhi. Under the 2014-15 railway budget, a Rajdhani Express between New Delhi and Naharlagun was proposed. In order to facilitate comfortable travel, the Arunachal Pradesh government relaxed the rigid norm of obtaining the ILP, which is mandatory for outsiders to enter the state. Instead, the reserved ticket held by the passengers was deemed sufficient by the state government. The plan had to be put on hold, as this was met with stiff resistance from the locals who feared that they would be inundated by outsiders, threatening their identity and culture. In 2014, the central government also took the decision to strengthen the infrastructure along the China border and facilitate the easy movement of troops and tanks. The central government decided to expedite the building of four top priority strategic railway lines along the China border. Out of these four lines, two are in Arunachal Pradesh. The identified lines are Missamari-Tawang (378 km) in Assam-Arunachal Pradesh and Murkongselek- Pasighat-Tezu-Parashuram Kund-Rupai (256 km) in Assam-Arunachal Pradesh (The Indian Express 2014, 22 October). The government has called for a survey to check the feasibility of these lines. Notably, the Murkongselek-Pasighat-Tezu-Parashuram Kund-Rupai (256 km) in Assam-Arunachal Pradesh line is facing stiff opposition from the people of Pasighat. Inner Line Permit Issue The euphoria over the introduction of railways in Arunachal Pradesh was short lived, and the move sparked huge protests in the state. Just a month after the introduction of the passenger train service in April 2014, its services were suspended due to ILP issues. The local people feared that their indigenous identity would be threatened due to massive ingress of non-indigenous Arunachalees entering the state without the ILP, which has been in operation in the state from colonial times. ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846 Deserted Naharlagun station after the suspension of rail service. Courtesy: Sanjay Mosing These developments once again compel many of us in the state and across the country to revisit the discourse on the ILP system. This system has been operational under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation Act, 1873, which was devised by the British government to prohibit the entry of the non-indigenous people in the tribal hill areas of North-East without a special permit. The law was designed to protect the culture and identity of indigenous tribes residing in the region as well as the commercial interests of the colonial government. The ILP essentially is an official travel document issued by the state governments of Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland and Mizoram to any Indian citizen who wants to visit these restricted states/areas. The foreigners require the protected Area permit (PAP) to visit these states. People’s Perception The hasty introduction of rail services in Arunachal Pradesh in April 2014 by the state government without a suitable mechanism in place to grant ILPs to railway passengers took the local people by surprise. It was seen as an attempt by the Nabam Tuki-led Congress government to reap electoral dividends in the state assembly elections, which were going to be held on 9 April 2014. The influx of passengers without ILPs in the initial days of the rail service raised serious concerns among the people of the state. The people viewed this ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846 development as an underhand move by the central government to eliminate the ILP regulation from the state of Arunachal Pradesh. Students organisations like the All Nishi Students Union (ANSU), the All Papumpare District Students Union (APPDSU) and other civil society organisations raised serious concerns regarding the state government’s failure to strictly implement the ILP regulations. Though on 14 January 2014, the Papumpare deputy commissioner on behalf of the government of Arunachal Pradesh had declared that “the state government would put a mechanism in place for checking the ILP of passengers” (Arunachal Times 2104, 15 January), it failed to deliver an effective mechanism to regulate ILP. Student groups protesting at the Naharlagun Railway Station. Courtesy: Tarh Rekam As a result of the intense protests, the passenger train service was suspended on 10 May 2014. The ANSU and APPDSU, who were spearheading the movement, demanded the framing of a proper mechanism to execute the ILP provisions before the resumption of rail services. They also called for “white paper assurance from NF Railway authority to ensure that the C and D grade job are reserved for local people in particular and people of Arunachal Pradesh as a whole” (Arunachal Times 2014, 9 May). It was against this backdrop that the people of the state also opposed the introduction of the Rajdhani Express. The fact that the reserved ticket required to board the train would replace the official permit necessary for visiting the state was unacceptable to the people ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846 and was vehemently condemned by the various organisations in the state.
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