UP CYCLE AMSTEL This book contains CONTEXT for a circular Amstel-Stad Colophon

In 2015, the City of Amsterdam prepared a Vison and Action Agenda for the circular economy. Today, the City is finding new ways of integrating circular economy into urban planning as the Netherlands aim to become fully circular by 2050.

These two books are recommendations based on tools and context analysis.

The TOOL book is prepared by GXN to Index outline political frameworks and describe concrete goals, methods and tools for working with circular economy in urban planning and design in Amstel.

The CONTEXT book is prepared by students at the GXN visiting professorship at TU Delft Faculty of Architecture and the Section One: Upcycling Section Two: Case Study Built Environment, 2018/19 to outline a case study for upcycling in Amstel.

Methods Case building GXN team Construction chain 10-13 Amstel III: case building 66-67 Kasper Guldager Jensen, Kåre Stokholm Upcycling methods 18-19 Material glossary 68-71 Poulsgaard, Susan Jayne Carruth, Interviews 20-29 Material inventory 72-73 Jessica Crow, Laura Høgh, Hans Munk A new construction chain 30-31 Area analysis TU Delft team Stakeholders Amstel III: area analysis 76-77 Else Dekker, Qi Gao, Dominik Alois Lukkes, Stakeholder analysis 34-39 Area development 68-79 Florian Markus, Mauric Bohle, Thijs Energy potential 80-81 Asselbergs, Peter Luscuere, Mauro Parravicini Drivers Design for disassembly 42-45 Stakeholder engagement City of Amsterdam team Component upcycling 46-49 Amstel III: stakeholder loop 84-85 Joyce van den Berg, Hans van der Made Stakeholder synergy 50-53 Connecting the dots 86-87 Eveline Jonkhoff, Alessandra Riccetti, Robotic refabrication 54-57 Phased engagement plan 88-91 Benjamin Rothmeier Community engagement 58-61

4 5 Section One: Upcycling Section one

Methods Stakeholders Drivers Section one Section

To archive upcycling for urban areas we This section aims to map stakeholders in Based on an analysis of current initiatives should integrate these methods into Amstel-Stad and explain which phases of and best practices, we advance 5 key the construction value chain. the building cycle they are active. drivers for urban upcycling.

Construction chain Stakeholder analysis Design for disassembly Changing the construction value chain The construction chain in Amstel-Stad To ensure future potentials for re-use

Upcycling methods Component upcycling From negotiation tools to material passport To upgrade material and add value

Upcycling framework Stakeholder synergy From a linear to a circular building chain To be mutualistic and win together.

Community engagement To evolve people and improve behaviour

Robotic refabrication To treat materials fast and automatically.

6 7 METH-

8 ODSMethods Construction chain, Upcycling methods, Upcycling framework The Construction Chain Chaging the value chain to create structural change

The construction chain as we know When construction is finished, the it now is a finite process. Usually this building is ready for operation and Demolition InitiativeInitiative process ends when the building is not maintenance until it no longer serves its meeting its requirements anymore purpose. and is demolished. This section explains how the chain works and how By then, it will inevitably sit empty. In VacancyVacancy Finance to extend it. many cases, this will result in demolition of the building. When it has been Every construction process starts with demolished, the plot is freed up for an initiative. In many cases an initiative a new initiative and the construction Methods arises from the need of a (new) building process can start over again. For many OperationOperation Design or function, simply because that years, this linear process has repeated

Methods specific building or function is lacking, itself over and over and in most cases or because the existing building does continue to do so today. not meet its requirements any longer. Construction Distribution When the initiative has been defined, a financial plan is needed to fund the project. In some cases the initiating party takes the responsibility for funding the initiative. In other cases external financers are also involved. If there are enough parties to support the initiative financially, the design process can be started. Together with engineers and advisors, architects create a design.

When the design is approved by the client and the municipality, a contractor can take on the job and start bringing all needed materials to the site. This process is called distribution. In the Image The diagram shows how the different meantime, construction can start. All phases follow each other, untill the final materials and elements are brought phase has been reached: demolition. together on site and assembled.

10 11 Demolition An insight into the vacant office market

When we look at the office market, One of the largest demolition we actually see a gradual increase in companies in the Netherlands is demolition projects over the course currently demolishing a former office of the last decade. This decrease is building of the ABN-AMRO bank after it caused by the increasing demolition had been vacant for 12 years. and transformation of office buildings. The total demolition entailed a 50.000 In 2016 more than 250.000 m² of office m² building that released roughly 45.000 space was demolished. The result of a tons of rubble. About 25% of this rubble demolition job is lots of rubble. In some is reused on site for construction Methods cases part of the rubble is reused on means. The total process takes 9 site for new building purposes, but in months and will be finished at the end many cases the rubble is downcycled of 2018. and used as filler for roads.1

2 (m ) 1.500.000 Transformation Demolition 1.250.000

1.000.000

750.000

500.000

250.000 Image The total demolition entailed a 50.000 m² buildling that released roughly 45.000 tons of 0 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16 ruble. About 25% of this ruble is reused on site (year ) for construction means. The total process takes 9 months and will be finished at the end of 2018.

12 13 Methods 15 DOWNCYCLING (cascading) CONTAMINATING WASTING (landfill / incineration) Definition UPCYCLING RE-USE Quality and using it 2

Reusing materials at lower value. E.g. E.g. value. at lower materials Reusing floor and concrete taking a structural building or using it as a wall in a new as insulation for use to jeans shredding house. a new Contaminating one element by by E.g. other. with contact irreversible together permanently glueing old bricks of chalk). Using (instead with cement be never that can materials composite apart again. taken rubble as Using crushed concrete Burning end- roads. new for foundation production. energy for products of-life in waste putting Or as a last resort, landfil. Process value the quality and/or Increasing by E.g. material. of the the use through algae out of CO growing or making a materials new produce to cladding. out of old copper chip computer E.g. at similar value. materials Reusing and a facade panel from taking a facade without another facade mounting it onto modification.

14

Definitions Wasting Contaminating, Downcycling, Re-use, Upcycling, Methods Definitions Circular cheat sheet

Understanding the definitions and impacts of materials, energy and the environment is key to enabling urban upcycling at scale.

Embodied energy Greenwashing The energy that is needed to produce Sometimes the promotion of something products or buildings we call embodied environmentally friendly overshadows energy. We use it to determine the effec- the real environmental profit. Pretend- tiveness of recycling. Different materials ing to do something sustainable, but in Methods need different amounts of energy to reality do much more harm than good. produce, so have different amounts of A green vertical garden on very unsus-

Methods embodied energy. tainable buildings is the most obvious example. Environmental stress Problems with waste lead to problems Landfill with our climate. Man-made climate Today most construction waste ends up change is amongst the largest challeng- in landfills or as crushed road fill. In the es today, and environmental stresses perspective of circular economy this become an important metric for evalu- needs to change. We need new strate- ating problems with waste, re-use, and gies for re-using and upcycling materials up-cycling. and better ways of managing our waste. In the case of landfil we strongly advise Incineration keeping materials separated to enable Incineration is the combustion of future upcycling and re-use. waste materials. It is often promoted as recycling process, because it produces some energy, but is in fact one of the best examples of failing circularity. It is the least prefered end-of-life process in the material cycle.

16 17 Upcycling Methods From negotiation tools to material passports

There are many methods to consider 1. Negotiating to advance upcycling. These methods vary from negotiating to documenting materials by means of material passports. They are used before, during or after construction projects.

This section will highlight some 2. Inventory methods that one should be aware of when thinking about upcycling. Methods In particular, five methods will be discussed: Methods 1. negotiating 2. inventory 3. Harvesting 3. harvesting 4. distribution 5. documenting

There might be more methods that engage with upcycling, but in our opinion these five are unmissable. Each 4. Distribution description will be accompanied by an explanatory scheme and an interview with a stakeholder that is actively engaging in that specific method.

5. Documenting

18 19 Interview with Owen Zachariasse Negotiating Delta Development Group Methods

“The best scenario is when stakeholders are on one side of the table and the problem is on the other side.”

Owen Zachariasse works as consultant two people, you have the fundamentals Before, during and sometimes after might be able to relax some of these at Delta Development. As a developer correct. That is real estate development. a construction process, negotiations rules, if the developer is willing to make Delta Development has grown from People understanding the outlines of the take place that can allow for the other concessions. project pioneers in sustainable de- deal.” introduction and clarification of In a scenario where the municipality velopment to specialists in Cradle to circular commitments. already has an idea for that specific Cradle optimized real estate. So what is important when entering a ne- area and wants to create a circular gotiation? ”Meet the client on their home Negotiating parties, such as example out of that area, it is likely that “However, Cradle to Cradle is not our turf and make your plans as understand- municipalities, developers, architects the municipality will make a deal with main driver”, Owen explains. ”Our desired ing as possible. Then, when you reach and builders, might well have their own the developer: the developer can build outcome is broad based value creation. an understanding, you can present the goals they want to see achieved in higher and denser, but needs to invest Methods For us it is also important to maximize designs. After the ”fantastic, I love that” the project and certain compromises in circular measures. For example: the value creation in the local community. moment, which is the critical part of the often need to be made to reach an building needs to contain a certain

Methods Secondly, we look at what’s valuable process, then you start discussing the understanding. percentage of upcycled materials or the for the ecosystem. Incorporating public costs. All of this is important for succes- public space around the plot needs to space in their developments as much as full negotiation.” In a situation where an architect wants be upgraded with circular measures. possible is also important. The tenants to design a building, consisting of of a building should be in charge of what Owen firmly believes in negotiating from upcycled materials, he will need to These examples show that each happens to the public surroundings. a principle standpoint, instead of from a convince his client that this is a good stakeholder has their own set of They will notice a decrease in quality, not position standpoint. When stakeholders idea. Measures such as costs, total measures to use during a negotiation. the people at the municipality looking at try to align their principles, they have a value, environmental impact, and It can therefore be very useful to know the numbers.” better chance of getting to an under- increased flexibility of the resulting what these measures are in advance standing. He continues: “The underlying building are all elements that can play and how they can be leveraged Upon being asked what distinguishes principles are not being discussed many their part in these negotiations. In such to advance circular design and Delta Development from other real estate times and that is leading to everyone cases, it can be very helpful to know construction. developers, Owen replies: “Bizarrely, not hitting a wall. The best scenario is when how upcycling can be translated into much. We add a new element to real stakeholders are on one side of the table realistic measures for creating short, estate development which enables us and the problem is on the other side. medium, and long term value. to approach the building from a unique And a common source of information is perspective. We use a lot of the same a good way to look at these principles.” In cases where developers seek to tools and tactics. I believe firmly that develop a plot in an urban area, they if you want to get to a place where you will likely need to negotiate with the have an accepted agreement between municipality on many matters. The municipality sets rules for building height and density, for example, and energy efficiency requirements, but

20 21 Interview with Merlijn Blok Inventory Metabolic Methods

“There might be a lot of value inside buildings. Having an indication of this value, the material types and logistics helps in opening up the conversation around future reuse.”

Metabolic is a consulting and venture So how do you come up with these For designers and builders wishing office area, the first method would be building company that uses systems insights? ”In collaboration with SGS to work with reused and upcycled preferable. However, if the goal is to thinking to tackle global sustainability Search we use building specifications, materials, it is necessary to know find out the exact amount of windows challenges. Their work is strongly cost estimates and other bottom-up what materials or components are in a certain building in that area, rough guided by the principles of system studies as a reference to roughly available. This is why inventories are numbers are not enough. In that case, thinking, collaborating, practicality calculate what the amount of building made. an on-site inventory needs to be made and empowering others. materials in a certain building type in order to get exact numbers. is. This comprises information on Making in an inventory means getting With regards to a circular built roughly 500 building elements and an overview of the amount of materials For architects and builders who want environment, Metabolic is engaging 50 materials, which allow us to give and components that can be harvested to engage in upcycled materials, it is Methods in making material inventories. Merlijn indications on how much square meters from a certain building on or near a site. important to know the measurements explains: ”By providing insights or kilograms of a component or material The quality and value of these items are and quality of the materials that are to

Methods into the amount of materials inside is inside a building.” He emphasizes: also evaluated. Two known methods for be reused. It is therefore important to buildings that are up for demolition ”It is important to note, that we do not making an inventory will be described also take pictures of the harvestable or transformation, we want to try and claim to portray the real numbers. We here. materials and items and determine the predict the built environment better. haven’t actually been inside the building. assembly of these components. We want to measure the circular built We create a model of what it could The first method is based on the use of environment in an integral manner and potentially be to start the conversation key figures and formulas. Depending visualize the impact. In addition, we want about the actual opportunities for urban on the parameters, the quantities of to start and engage in a conversation. mining. the different types of materials can be There might be a lot of value inside determined. This method can be applied buildings that are up for demolition, so Metabolic is all about collaborating fairly easily, if the right information (such let’s see if we can do something with and working together with government as?) is available. it.” He continues: ”Per region we try to institutions for example. ”We are also create an overview of what projects trying to find out what the annual The second method is more precise and will take place during a certain period. material streams are for entire regions. hands-on. It requires a person going on The timelines of construction projects, What is the impact and value of these site and into buildings to measure and/ transformation projects and demolition streams? Knowing this gives us the or count components that might prove projects are then all ’connected’ to see possibility to create a better match interesting. It will inevitably be quite if matches in supply and demand can be between supply and demand, so that labour-intensive and time consuming. made.” we can reduce the impact of the built environment in general.” There isn’t necessarily a best method, since the desired outcome can vary. If the goal is to acquire a rough number of the amount of concrete within an

22 23 Interview with Sanne Verhoeve Harvesting Superuse Studios Methods

“In 10 to 20 years we expect reause to be part of every tender, of every building design.”

The founders of Superuse Studios to make reusing them easy; if possible, Harvesting describes the process of Instead of only taking on traditional were one of the first to create an try to reuse materials within the same salvaging components and materials demolition jobs, we see that some online marketplace for redundant organization. Many times there are from buildings. Instead of demolishing demolition companies are starting and second hand materials. They possibilities for internal storage and a building entirely, the reusable to get involved in harvesting jobs. called it Harvestmap. All materials, reuse.” materials are carefully removed and Demolition is not always what the client ranging from small quantities to separated. wants and some cases have shown continuous flows of (industrial) There is one precondition: ”With regard that harvesting a building instead

leftovers are represented. The goal of to limiting the CO2-emission, we take To do this in an effective way, material of demolishing it is financially more the marketplace is to bring supply and into account the fact that the ecological knowledge and knowledge on the interesting because of the re-sell value demand together and increase the gain of reusing can be greater for assembly of these materials is of harvested materials. Methods reuse of redundant materials. materials where the production process necessary. How are they connected to

has a large CO2-emission (such as other building parts? Will they break

Methods Sanne explains: ”We prefer to harvest for steel) than for materials based if taken apart? This information help materials when we already know how on renewable raw materials (such as determine the potential reusability and the material will be reused. The reason sustainable wood for example). For therefore also the value of harvestable we do this, is because there is a large this reason, for example, it can be materials. volume of supply of rest materials ecologically justified to transport steel available, that is constantly changing. from a greater distance than wood.” Harvesting the materials can be done Thanks to our network, we are up to in different ways. Some harvesting date on the ongoing demolition projects So what’s up next? ”In 10 to 20 years we projects require machinery, but others and other sources for reused materials.” expect reuse to be part of every tender, can be done by hand with simple tools. of every building design, and that The choice of tool depends on the So what is important when harvesting dismantling and pre-demolition take building and materials. Interior parts materials? ”There are quite a few things place prior to any demolition project. of a building, such as windows and you should take into account, but it is We also believe that material passports doors, cabinets, installations and ducts, not always possible (and necessary) to will support and enable the reuse of furniture, cables and lighting etc. can apply them all. Focus on large amounts, materials. Lastly, we think that suppliers be harvested by people without the to make it logistically more feasible; of building materials will rent out need for heavy machinery. However, focus on financially valuable materials. building parts instead of selling them, if heavy structural elements need to This is necessary to still make a revenue keeping manufacturers responsible for be extracted, machines are necessary after all the consulting, disassembling their own products during the waste for lifting, turning and placing. In this and transportation has been done; try phase. This way the (raw) materials will case, professional companies such as to use materials that can be customized, return to the manufacturer.” demolition companies can be hired to do the job.

24 25 Interview with Michel Baars Distribution New Horizon Methods

“We are not a demolition company that needs to get rid of their waste, we are a supplier that supplies products.”

They harvest reusable materials to its final destination. In the meantime Bringing the materials that come from 3. If the harvested materials do not from buildings at the right moments: I have to pay for transport, a storage a harvest location to the construction have a destination yet, they can also during renovation, transformation or place, insurance etc.. I don’t want that.” site requires a logistical plan. be sent off to an (online) marketplace. demolition processes. The circular He continues: “Also, in many cases, too Here they can be sold when someone economy is no hype for them, they many actions are required to make the In some cases, materials or items might is interested. Marketplaces for building truly believe it is the new economic material suitable for immediate reuse. A be needed on short notice. In other materials buy the materials and re-sell model. window frame has to undergo 6 steps cases, they might not have a place to them to any interested buyer either before it can be reused properly. That’s go yet, in these cases, if the materials online or in a store. What distinguishes New Horizon from too labour intensive.” come in great numbers, a lot of storage other demolition (or harvest) companies, area is needed. If the materials are large Methods is their market approach and So what happens to these materials and heavy, the necessary machines to distribution method. “There is a market after they have been distributed? handle them must also be available. All

Methods where there is a demand for products. “Our partners from the Urban Mining these factors need to be considered We deliver our harvested materials to Collective create new products out when deciding what to do following a distributors and manufacturers and of our materials. We set a standard material harvest. approach the distribution process based on the best practices of that from their perspective. That’s why we moment. We trust each other on that There are three ways to handle these incorporate out distribution system we all have the same goal. We want harvests: within their existing systems. We are not to be innovative.” The Urban Mining a demolition company that needs to get Collective is already quite a large group 1. The harvested materials are brought rid of their waste, we are a supplier that of companies. “Yes, and we are still to a (temporary) storage place. This supplies products.” growing. We want to add designers can be a location nearby the harvest and builders to the group and discuss location, or nearby the location where If the harvested materials are reused circular design processes.” they are to be reused. the last option for construction purposes anyway, why is usually preferable to save on extra not storing them temporarily? Michel I also heard that you want to bring a new transport cost (and time). replies: “There are a few reasons why circulair product on to the market every not to do this. If I want to store my month, is that right? ”Yes, so I guess we 2. The harvest is distributed to a product, that means my product has have to hurry!” manufacturer who will re-sell the to be picked up from the harvest site materials. For example, a manufacturer and brought to the storage site. But of wooden window frames buys the then, it also has to be picked up again harvested window frames and repairs from the storage site and be brought and refurbishes them. In some cases, this can be done easily, resulting in a product ready to be sold again.

26 27 Interview with Pablo van den Bosch Documenting Madaster Methods

“There is a physical reality and a digital reality. The physical reality is always too late.”

It is Madaster’s mission to eliminate own information. You decide what In order to make sure that important waste by providing materials with an information you want to make visible.” information about materials is not identity. The Madaster Platform is Pablo believes that digitalizing is lost, resulting in loss of material value, designed as a public, online library of necessary to make a large transition buildings and components can be materials in the built environment and possible and, on long term, to prevent given a passport. facilitates registration, organisation, the raw materials from depleting: ”There storage and exchange of data. is a physical reality and a digital reality. This material passport contains The physical reality is always too late.” information on the material such as its Building owners, contractors, During demolition jobs, most of the type, age, how it’s assembled etc. All developers or architects. Anyone times it is not clear what the material the information combined can give the Methods can use the platform and store the quality or value is. It is therefore harder material an estimated value, information online. Madaster analyzes to decide what to do with the material, The reason for creating these passports

Methods the information and connects extra than when this information is available. is reducing the overall loss of materials. information from other databases During demolition jobs the materials are to that building file, such as material Madaster believes in cooperating usually demolished and thrown on piles, certificates, quality and material price: with other stakeholders: “We want after which the materials are called ”We have information on hundreds of to cooperate with everyone and go ’waste.’ Within the circular economy, one thousands of materials.” global to realize the transformation of of the main goals is to create less waste. the economy. We are vision driven, not It is therefore important that these Why do this? ”The supply chain in the business driven. We are transparent.” materials do not end up in some kind building sector is long and traditional. of waste pile. If they have an identity, a Products usually last a long time, so the passport, they can be tracked. need for renewing is little.” Therefore it is important to document what The information stored in this material materials there are now and in what state: passport can help building owners, ”Documenting is cheap, because it’s architects, builders, developers and so easy. All the big contractors use our other stakeholders decide what to do platform.” with the materials that are stored in a building, once the building is up for ”We also want to prevent information demolition or transformation. on materials falls in the hands of commercial enterprises. Therefore, we carefully focus on privacy, security and continuity.” ”As owner, you have to allow other people to look into your

28 29 A new construction chain From linear to circular

DemolitionDemolition InitiativeInitiative Knowing more about the construction Next is the harvesting phase. When value chain and the methods for it has been decided which materials working with circularity and upcycling and components will be reused for the allows us to rethink the building cycle. design, they need to be harvested. In VacancyVacancy Finance How can the linear process be turned some cases, the materials might already into a circular one? be harvested from a building and stored in a warehouse or demolition site. In If we wish to efficiently use the methods other cases, the material still needs to explained above, we need to rethink be harvested from the donor building. Operation Design the construction chain. Some of these Lastly, the phases of vacancy and

Operation Design Methods methods need to be added in the demolition need to be removed from existing chain in the form of a phase. the existing chain, since demolition has

Methods Some existing phases need to be actually been replaced by harvesting. Construction Distribution replaced or removed. These changes allow for a circular building process, where waste is Starting with the inventory phase, this eliminated from the chain and buildings phase should be inserted after the parts are given a longer lease on life. design phase. During the design, the architect decides the concept and outlines of the design. However, if he OperationOperation InitiativeInitiative wants to know what materials he can use, he needs to know what is available. Therefore, the method of inventory is used. In reality, this phase will probably ConstructionConstruction FinanceFinance run parallel to the design phase.

Distribution DesignDesign

Image The conventional, linear building HarvestHarvest InventoryInventory process can be made circular by adding in the phases of inventory and harvesting.

30 31 STAKE-

HOLDStakeholders Stakeholder analysis - Stakeholders 35 a specific stakeholder. a specific stakeholder. at the arrives When the material and contractors site, construction do their job. can subcontractors still be can Demolition companies of their because as an advisor, involved of (dis)assembly. knowledge is finished, the When construction start can end-users, such as tenants The building owner using the building. maintaining for usually is responsible the building. Materials are harvested by experts, by harvested are Materials companies. such as demolition demolition some Increasingly this role take started to have companies of demolition instead of disassembling seriously. more During distribution, demolition transportation companies companies, on bringing together work and suppliers the material to materials the harvested some In site. bank or construction be managed by can this process cases, are asked to develop specific plots or specific plots develop to asked are buildings. redevelop The financing is usually done by However, kinds of investors. different also the municipality can and banks In of additional financer. on the role take than more is usually there projects, large one financer. the financing has been settled, After In most cases, off. take design can but they on this job, take architects and additional designers get help from as experts on climate as well engineers, During thisinstallations and materials. start also can ’scouting’ designers phase, for Scouting harvestable materials. for part of the inventory is already materials Experts such as demolitionphase. decide on to be involved can companies upcycling. suitable for are what materials Stakeholder analysis Stakeholder architects to developers From need the chain, we know that we Now This section the players. know to what stakeholders explain aims to of the and in which phase around are active. are they building cycle the take can stakeholders Many start to a building process: initiative and municipalities, developers clients private but also investors, such as so-called owner-users. an urban initiate Municipalities can developers wherein planning project, banks owners tenants suppliers investors designers architects engineers managers end-users contractors owner-users developpers municipalities subcontractors harvest experts material scouts material material experts material climate advisors climate demolition companies distribution companies transportation companies

some in only one. in only one. some 34 Image This table outlines in which phase Image This table outlines in which phase Some active. are stakeholders the different appear in multiple phases, can stakeholders Stakeholders owners municipalities

owners end-users investors

tenants owner-users managers

subcontractors developpers municipalities

contractors developpers climate advisors investors

engineers demolition banks owner-users companies Stakeholders

Stakeholders municipalities distribution suppliers designers companies architects managers climate advisors transportation material scouts companies managers demolition demolition companies material experts companies demolition companies engineers material experts

harvest experts material scouts

material experts architects

designers Image Each phase is connected to the next. managers The same goes for stakeholders. Together managers they form a continuous cycle we call the building chain.

36 37 Bank (renter) Municipality

Housing corporation Housing corporation

Developpers

Bank

Contractor Investors Stakeholders Stakeholders Municipality Demolition company

Architecture firms Online material marketplace

Material marketplace Consultancy Demolition companies

Demolition company

Image The stakeholder cycle with actual Information platform stakeholders, of which some are already actively involved in the area and some are not.

38 39 DRIV

ERSDrivers Six drivers for upcycling Drivers 43 emissions. 2 energy savings and the reduction of of and the reduction savings energy CO Adaptability disassembly The adoption of design for at the materials means looking differently are materials these way and the use we changes is One of these joined together. the building-wide adoption of reversible the This opens the door for connection. in adaptable buildings. The clear step next be altered benefit is that the building can of during its years and function in layout with the change it to allowing operation This means of the market. requirements easily become building could an office building without excessive a residential of and the creation demolition costs the elements economy In a circular waste. or the parts re-use again for be sold can recycling. elements for as raw be sold can to their original owners. Of course Of course original owners. their to sense makes disassembly design for need to buildings. But we temporary for temporary. are that all buildings realise they building them like stop need to We they 50-100 years permanent. After are We down. be taken will most probably the materials handle to need a strategy when that happens. free that come those allows disassembly Design for instead be re-used to materials precious or landfilled. This of being incinerated in significant results reuse material Too often materials are glued together together glued are often materials Too no longer be can that they in a way again. This contamination separated and is downcycling materials of raw becoming the product in usually results Design for landfill after use. its initial this is tackling exactly disassembly Great a building scale. but on problem, the materials lies on keeping focus mechanical using reversible by separate of chemical instead connections with glue. connections temporary All buildings are be already can disassembly Design for design and temporary in stage found in the example, buildings. For exhibition design at the 2017 Dutch Pavilion Circle used The materials in Eindhoven. week borrowed were the pavilion construct to all materials and after disassembly their original state in returned were Design for Disassembly for Design overview Driver means that disassembly Design for designed intentionally buildings are that This means recovery. material for taken be of the building can all pieces apart afterreached the building has in the Products the end of its lifecycle. re-used directly building can then be the Alternatively, in another building. without recycled can be materials not are as the materials downcycling contaminated. Contamination of materials Manufacturing Design Operation

42 Drivers Framework 44 Photo Architects Owner Year Location Project 2018 Helene Høyer Mikkelsen Lejerbo Circle House Copenhagen Lendager Group, Vandkunsten, 3XNarchitects

reuse. for aquickconstruction, disassembly and the same6concrete elements,optimized of the3different isbuiltfrom typologies tower5-story blocks. Thesuperstructure terracedof 2and3story houses and plan. Theresidential are typologies amix undergoing asustainabledevelopment located ofAarhus,currently inthenorth the new residential area ‘Lisbjerg Bakke’, construction. Theproject willbebuiltin achieved for material selection incircular is crucial,great architectural freedom is and circularity. Asitisthesystem that the principlesofdesignfor disassembly in theproject, thekey istheapproach of A widerange ofmaterials can beused reused withoutlosingsignificant value. being used for thebuildings,can be The objective isthat90%ofthematerials and aestheticvalues intact. buildings whilekeeping theireconomic disassembled andreassembled into other building systems thatcan beassembled, Circle House consists ofarange of knowledge aboutcircular construction. that can new give thebuildingindustry House isascalable demonstration project In additionto ashousing, serving Circle be completed in2020. outside Aarhus,whichisexpected to general housingunitsinLisbjerg Circle House project consists of60 Case study Design for Disassembly Innovation. facilitation andcoordination by GXN 3XN Architects withtheprofessional Vandkunsten, Lendager Group and astheirfoundation, with sustainability joint team consisting offour companies in asaso called ‘collaboration studio’, a development oftheproject was made As anexample ofthisthearchitectural circular construction intheindustry. propagate andanchorknowledge about The Circle House project aimsto develop, companies across theentire industry. project involves more than30Danish needs to beengaged.TheCircle House the entire value chainoftheindustry to acircularindustry buildingpractice In order to transform thebuilding

45 Drivers Component Upcycling Driver overview

Component upcycling

Component upcycling is a way of There are clear formal distinctions adding value to demolition waste. In between recycling, upcycling and Production Add value some cases, recycling processes can remanufacturing; however, there is a achieve this aim, but must be balanced relative absence of research exploring against energy and water savings that systemic benefits of upcycling can be made by avoiding reprocessing as an effective design and waste materials to a virgin state. management tool.

Upcycling is a way for designers to Raw material Materal Product Component Repurpose directly reduce the volume of demolition

recycling upcycling waste entering the waste stream; and Drivers more broadly, material volumes in the

Drivers global construction market. In current demolition and waste-handling practice, components suitable for preservation at demolition will typically be those that still contain functional and technical Demolition Disassembly value and therefore possess possible resale value.

The term is used to define recycling with a non-diminishing value and is typically used when the term recycling is taken to include reprocessing to a material with reduced performance requirements, i.e. downcycled2. The primary aim of component upcycling is to refashion and integrate discarded components and materials into a new range of diverse products with open-loop cycles3. As a result, the value of the components or materials keep equal or higher than the original state.

46 47 Component Upcycling Case study

By means of 1:1 mock-up prototypes, status through interviews with industry The Nordic Built Component Reuse experts. Based on specific properties project explores new practices and availability of large material groups, for reuse of dismantled building the team then used the Sfc-system to components and materials. categorize waste components and map their potential applications. Then the Project aims team selected and applied Design for The project takes aim at all product Disassembly principles and iterative, stages - sourcing, rehabilitation, design architectural design methods to develop integration, construction and marketing multiple novel architectural concepts

– and explores new ways to organise, for facades and interior wall systems. Drivers tender, and trade in reused building from scrap materials groups of brick,

Drivers components. It is the premise and aim concrete, soft flooring, steel, and wood. that future construction practice must enable resource-preserving strategies, Results including: The physical results of the project are the 20 full-scale prototypes made from 1. Repurposing building waste five groups of transformed materials from demolishing, dismantling, and and components. refurbishment. Theoretical results were made through 2. Reversible construction principles double sets of comparable LCAs as known as Design for Disassembly (DfD). well as extensive workflow charts conducted for key prototypes. All but Methods the concrete concepts had strong LCAs. 1:1 work has formed the core Prototypes have been broadly assessed work and led to data, discussions, for cultural and commercial value. In the exhibitions, lectures, and publications. commercial assessment of concepts The transformational journey from ease of construction was compared ‘waste materials’ at hand to valuable with the cultural value for Genbyg Project Nordic Built Component Case new components was investigated customers. Location Copenhagen through an array of methods. First, Year 2016 we investigated the current market Owner Vandkunsten PhotoVandkunsten

48 49 Stakeholder Synergy Driver overview

Stakeholder Synergy

Synergy is the interaction between two or more organizations, to produce a combined effect that is greater than the sum of their separate effects. A well-known form of synergy is mutualism. Two stakeholders perform Stakeholder 1 Stakeholder 2 services for each other that they can’t carry alone. Synergy In the built environment we see an

increase in stakeholders that want to Drivers participate in the circular economy.

Drivers Builders, demolition companies, architects. Many are willing to rethink the building process as it is. However, they do not and can not do it alone.

These types of synergy, where a waste stream becomes a resource again, turn out to be environmentally as well as Stakeholder 3 financially interesting. Therefore they have potential to be upscaled and have a great impact. We need these types of synergies if we want to really transform our current economy. We need to think circular and team up with stakeholders that can help synergise.

50 51 Framework 52 Photo Owner Year Location Project 2018 Bram Petraeus Rutte Groep Smart LiberatorSmart Amsterdam emissions would bereduced by 9%. worldwide, thetotal amountofCO that ifthisinnovation would beused fully circular. They have calculated “freement,” isreusable andtherefore concrete. now Theoldcement, called they can “free” cement outofold Liberator,’called the‘Smart withwhich Groep did.They developed amachine That iswhatNew Horizon andRutte demand can beconnected somehow? constantly. Whatifthissupplyand concrete factory hasto buynew cement of concrete waste, acement and company hasto getridoflarge amounts building waste. Where ademolition outnew solutionsis trying to minimize most are active inthebuiltenvironment, This collective ofcompanies, ofwhich the UrbanMiningCollective. are collaborating inamutualfashion is A great example ofhow stakeholders Case study Stakeholder Synergy 2 -

53 Drivers Robotic Refabrication Driver overview

Robotic refabrication Raw material Robots are promising to be a solution In a circular economy, production to the fact that waste comes in such should not be a cycle of materials to a variety of shapes, sizes, qualities, products to materials, but production etc The great advantage is that robots should also be smart and robust enough can adapt their method fast and to work with available parts or elements automatically. of materials.

Fabrication today is an efficient factory Reusing bricks, for instance could business. The production of materials potentially lower the environmental and products happens in fabrication stress, because it would lower the Drivers Waste Production chains that are simple because the CO2 emissions of firing the bricks. The processing supply of raw materials is constant and bricks should then be processed and

Drivers Robotic refabrication the materials are always the same. cleaned as whole bricks. If the bricks The big difference with refabricating are crushed, processed and fired into recycled materials is this process new bricks than the total environmental should constantly work with different stress will be the same. The cleaning materials. and processing of bricks is very intensive so it would be necessary to do Most materials that are being recycled this in a robust factory process. Robots today are materials that can be made could learn how to adapt to different Product into a raw material, so they can enter pieces of bricks. Robots could sort the the fabrication cycle again, like paper or bricks or place them in a specific way most metals. Cars are being recycled for that the odd shape would be corrected. 97% today in The Netherlands, because their materials are easy to melt into raw materials again.

The challenge of recycling is much bigger for materials that cannot be made into a raw material, or require a large amount of added energy to become a raw material again.

54 55 Framework 56 Photo Architect Client Year Location Project 2017 ABNAMRO Studio RAP Studio Circular Experience Amsterdam Studio RAP Studio to new craftsmanship and complexity. take over these tasks willgive achance of assembly. Theadditionofrobots to complexity rare very inthese methods more expensive every day. Thismakes by people. Andhumanlabourisgetting have to beunderstood andproduced are designedsimple, because they Most processes inthebuildingindustry position. and thenplaces themonaunique them,addsthedowelsholes, shortens The robot picks upthewood, drillsthe strips are to shortened therightsize. ofsizes. Allindividualwoodentypes worked ofwood intwo types withtwo assembly. Themanufacturing process but itshows amore complex way of complex inthewaste thatithandles, a similarprocess. Thisoneisnotso wall intheCircular Pavilion also shows The production process for thecurved algorithms. intelligence ofthemachinelearning multiple axisrobot strengthens the ofthe powerful. Theadaptability and robots make thisprocess very The combination ofimagerecognition intherecyclingsorting industry. examples ofdealingwithmaterial Zenrobotics andBHS, both show great AIl waste management robots from Case study Robotic Refabrication

57 Drivers Community Engagement Driver overview

common knowledge Community engagement For the large part circular economy Living Labs, here people rent spaces and a construction in general is for their small companies or start-ups, implemented around end-users with added requirements to build up without actively involving them. With spaces, and communities around them, community engagement the building which embody circular economy. These users will be much more involved in spaces thus also come to hold great the circular economy. demonstration value.

Lack of participation can result in users feeling less attached to their buildings

individual operation and less aware of maintenance and Drivers proper use. Without citizens to enhance

Drivers and implement the processes of circular economy, it can never be fully adapted into society, there needs to be a way to stimulate people to enter into the transition. Community engagement can involve users in the design and operations of buildings, and allow them to become better aware of circular approaches and see the relevance of Influencing others Getting noticed circular economy directly in their lives.

By actively displaying techniques and possibilities in a hands-on approach, a whole community can get involved in the circular processes. This could be seen in a way where people can interact with the building, in groups or individually. With the interaction they could learn about the subject. Seeing other people work actively with circular projects could engage additional users to do the same. One approach to community engagement is circular

58 59 Framework 60 Photo Architect Client Year Location Project 2017 Dutch DesignWeek Overtreders W The People Pavilion Eindhoven Bureau SLA, Overtreders Bureau SLA, W By bureau SLA, OvertredersBy bureau SLA, W, Arup economy needs. them consciousness aboutthecircular could beinvolved intheprocess to get With aproject like thisacommunity it wastheirwaste hangingatthefacade. get emotionallyattachedto because it, pavilion atacircular approach andalso way, thecitizens could contribute to the be turnedinto afacade system. Inthis to collect theirplasticwaste so itcould they involved thecitizens ofEindhoven back afterwards. For thefacade system, from alldifferent companies to give it the creators ‘borrowed’ thematerials Design Week of2017.For thisproject is thePeoples Pavilion attheDutch joint inaneducational andclearmanner materials andshowing every single without damagingorwastingany A great example ofmakingaproduct The people pavilion. Case study Engagement Community By Charlotte RHAW Ernst, Architecture work toward acircular economy. group willhave thecombined goalsto of mouth.Where intheendawholebig be carried out towards others by word ,the thoughtofcircular economy can outsiders to dothesame. Inthiscase together willtherefore motivate with circular principles.Thecommunity stimulate andmotivates peopleto work this ideatheowner, Charlotte Ernst, isabletoeverything bereused. With courtyard, theonlyrequirement isthat struction. People can rent aspace inthis with eachotherto realise acircular con you notice thatsmallstart-ups can work With thisexample ofHofvan Cartesius Hof van Cartesius

61

- Drivers Section Two: Case Study Section two

Case building Area analysis Stakeholder engagement Section two Section

To archive upcycling for urban areas we Governing bodies from the European Based on an analysis of current initia- should integrate these methods into Union to the City of Amsterdam have tives and best case studies, we advance the construction value chain: advanced concrete frameworks for ac 5 key drivers of urban upcycling:

Amstel III: case building Amstel III: area analysis The Amstel III: stakeholder loop Urban development goals and planning Analysis if upcyclable materials Who are actively engaging locally?

Hullenbergweg 1-3 Case study Connecting the dots Map materials, quantities and qualities. Circular area development Scenario for stakeholder engagement

Material Inventory Energy analysis Phased engagement plan Building material inventory 28% energy reduction via upcycling Engagement during construction chain

62 63 CASE

BUILDCase Building Amstell III, Hullenbergweg, Material Inventory Framework 66 10 min Schiphol Airport 10 min Amsterdam Central Amstel I Amstel II 4.500 new houses Nieuwe kernI part Utrecht 20min 15.000 new houses Amstel III Nieuwe kernII part Bijlmer Arena Station Arenapoort 20 min Almere young professionals. phase mainly consisting of studentsand to invite anew population,inthefirst and vividarea. Therefore it’sneeded economically strong, multifunctional wantsto developthe municipality an offices) andto managethisvacancy lot ofvacancy inthearea (15%ofthe needed facilities. Nowadays there isa live inthearea, by being supported the this location isinviting new citizens to a mixed-use Therefore, urbandistrict. transform from mainlyanoffice area to of Amsterdam, thearea ofAmstel IIIwill Following thevisionofmunicipality Inviting new citizens • • • the development: sector. Three overall ambitionsguide ups, ideallyinthecircular economy new residents, smalloffices, andstart- creative innovative by identity attracting aimsto giveThe municipality thearea a Three Ambitionsfor Amstel III where people wantto live andwork. buildings to work towards avividarea will guidethedevelopments ofthe through Thisvision aspatialvision. area isdefinedby themunicipality The transformation oftheAmstel III Spatial visionanddevelopment plan Amstel III Healthy &sustainablegreen areas Connecting slow transport Inviting new citizens 4 • • • Of whichthehouses willbe: • • • following: added to thearea. Thisincludesthe programthe municipality needsto be To besure to reach those goalsset by Adding program district. sustainable city gardeningcity itwill beahealthy and to green parks inthesurrounding and goal. Withthearea beingwell connected outdoors this andindoors willsupport get peoplemoving, facilities sports theaimistoWithin avividdistrict, Healthy &Sustainable green areas needed instreets to make itlivable. neighbourhood level. Ahierarchy is slow more transport atthe important residential areas, thevisionisto make 24/7 connection centre. to thecity In other bigcities.Themetro willmake a and car centre to Schiphol,thecity and The area iswell connected withtrain Connecting slow transport 20% highendhousing housing 40% mid-range 40% social housing 10% service 45% offices 45% Houses

67 Case building Case Case building 68 1.750 rubble CONCRETE 4.150 POLYSTYRENE panels 1.100 roofingBITUMEN 1.750 panels GRANITE m m m m 3 2 2 2 3.650 WALLS interior 2.300 doubleglazedGLASS 6.900 window FRAMES 288 STAIRS steps 228 DOORS pc. interior m 2 m m m 2 2 have potential for re-use. display theamountsofmaterials that high potential for re-use. Thenext pages 288 steps, and4elevators thathave a staircases,three high-quality including In case oftheHullenbergweg there are The second group isbased onproducts. double glazing, polystyrene, granite etc. be harvested. Thisincludesconcrete, is theamountofraw material thatcan groupsbuilding intwo Thefirst group The materials that come from the Harvesting different materials. analysed thebuildingandsplit itinto the and athree dimensionalmodellingwe Based on the old drawings, site visits building features alarge glassatrium. systemcurtainwall andthebackof dimension Thewindows are builtwitha cladded withgranite panelsinastandard a concrete structure. Thefacade is area. Itwasconstructed in1988with many office buildings in the Amstel III The Hullenbergweg 1-3isoneofthe ished. harvested from itwhengetsdemol indication ofthematerials thatcanbe what materials are inside. Thisgives an bergweg 1-3,andtookto see itapart area we took onebuilding, theHullen To show the potential for theAmstel III Building case study Hullenbergweg 1-3 - - Hullenbergweg 1-3

69 Case building Case Framework 70 1.750 panels GRANITE m 2 22000 ALUMINUM window frames 4.150 POLYSTYRENE panels m2 m 2 Mapping materials, quantities,andqualities Hullenbergweg 1-3 STAIRS steps 1.750 CONCRETE 288 m 2 m 6.900 window FRAMES 3 m 6.900 window FRAMES m 11 DOORS pc exterior

71 Case building Case Framework Building material inventory Material Inventory 72 Spiral steps Radiators 240 Doors interior Doors exterior Toilets Lifts Window frames Walls interior Ceiling Bitumen Double glazing Polystyrene Granite panels Concrete Material volume for upcycling

6.900 3.650 6.300 1.100 2.300 4.100 1.750 m m m m m m m 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.750 365 125 330 288 228 50 21 45 52 13 41 4 pc pc pc pc pc pc m m m m m m m m

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Bitumen

Ceiling

Walls interior Walls

Polystyrene Granite

relative scale to eachother into itsdifferent Imagesare parts. in The Hullenbergweg buildingdissected Concrete

Glass

Window frames Window

Window stills Window

Exterior doors Exterior

Interior doors Interior

Radiators

Toilets Lifts

73

Spiral steps Spiral

Framework

x

t Ams in y m ono c E cular r Ci el III el AREA

ANALYSISArea Analysis Amstell III , Case study , Energy Analysis Area analysis 77 Potential harvest locations Potential -emissions. 2 . This gives . This gives 5 III potential harvest locations. They have have harvest They locations. potential When on the map. green been marked we in the area the materials calculating account. into materials the raw only took also us to Metabolic allowed The data of steel, the amounts of of an indication give walls in the area. and brick gravel passports Material III the Amstel of In the development passports material could of introduction materials. of the stock insight into give passports these gives The data from and architects harvesters, the material develop the possibility to constructors stock in with the available their projects costs, production Reducing materials. of transportation costs and CO Amstel upcycling for ready of materials Analysis the whole for the potential show To our combined we III of Amstel area 1-3 with Hullenbergweg the data from Metabolic the data from in possibilities an indication of the III. in Amstel re-use 26 buildings in are there Currently in III that will be redeveloped Amstel at being redeveloped or are the future buildings these of this moment. Some will be will be demolished, others be can they cases, In both transformed. 3 2 ton m m

3 3 ton ton ton ton m m 3

m

POLYSTYRENE ALUMINIUM FRAMES 1.025 1.000 112 7.500 GYPSUM 179 65 750 290 878 325 GLAZING 3 m

3 ton ton 2 ton m ton m 3 2 ton m

m .000 0 BITUMEN 875 840 1.750 220 STEEL BRICKS AND CERAMICSBRICKS 10.500 5.400 50.000 30.000 SAND AND GROUND CONCRETE 70.500 17

76 Area analysis Area Case Study Circular area development

Current density It is challenging to analyse the Left map shows the Floor Space Index opportunities for circular economy at (FSI) number of the Amstel III area. The in a region, because the opportunities office zones in the east are denser than are usually not confined within a the average FSI of the area at 1.3. single project. The following case study for the Amstel III area shows how we propose to concretise an upcycling vision a region where demand for materials is visible. Area analysis Developing plan model According to data from the municipality, the average FSI (Floor Space Index) of

Area analysis Area Amstel III is 1.3. For the convenience of calculation, we assumed that plots of low density should be expanded to a higher density (twice as high as the original but no more than 2.7), which Potential density is similar to the situation of some Plots of low density here are assumed residential projects that have already to be expanded to a higher density begun in Amstel III. (twice the original but not more than 2.7) during the transformation. Demand for materials The estimation of material demand for the transformation is based on a calculation model of a uniform high-rise building with aluminium window frames6. Based on the assumption for the scenario estimates materials needed 0 - 0.6 2.0 - 3.0 in the Amstel III area for the intended 0.6 - 0.7 3.0 < transformation. 0.7 - 1.0 Unknown 1.0 - 2.0

The FSI in Amstel III

78 79 Energy Analysis Embodied energy savings of 28% through upcycling

Buildings without re-use When harvested materials from the Estimation of energy reduction This map shows the embodied energy Amstel III area are re-used, there is For estimation we chose 26 buildings needed to densify the Amstel III area a potential for saving energy. If all from our harvesting site. Combining our to the assumed scenario in traditional materials harvested from Amstel III own building case study result with the dem- olition and construction way. are re-used, their embodied energy estimation from Metabolic, we got the This is in line with the ambitions of the can be subtracted from the total total amounts of the main construction municipality for this neighborhood. energy needed for transformation of materials in these buildings. When the area. This translates to potential looking into the developing scenario, energy savings of 28.1%. these materials are available for

reuse. For new building types, Area analysis Material sources different materials meet the needs of Rather than build with completely new construction to varying degrees. For materials, there are options for us to example, demolition materials can offer

Area analysis Area reuse materials by harvesting from nearly 100% bricks for new buildings the original site. Since we estimated but for concrete this number goes down the material stock for the office and to around 30%. As a result, we summed business buildings in this area, we can up the ideal embodied energy in estimate the total amounts of material completely new built buildings (516.7TJ, Buildings with re-use we have for the whole area. 1TJ=106J) and buildings with re-used This map shows the same assumed materials (371.5TJ), which means we transformation as the map above but Potential of energy reduction can save 28.1% embodied energy in an with the reduction of the embodied Since the energy consumption caused ideal situation. energy of the harvested materials from by building use can be control to a the current structures. certain extent by building standards and Practical challenges regulations, it is reasonable to focus on Different ways of recycling or reusing the embodied energy of construction can be applied to add specific materials. To get an overview of how characteristics to the area, which much embodied energy we could save can affect the energy consumption. by reusing the materials, we used a Possibilities for storage and 0 - 10 100 - 200 embodied energy list for each material transportation which can lead to 10 - 25 200 < per kilo7 and set up a model to estimate different cost are also important factors 25 - 50 Unknown the total weight of each materials in which can determined the result. 50 - 100 buildings of Amstel III area.

Embodied energy in TJ(1012J).

80 81 STAKE

ENGAStakeholder engagement Stakeholder Loop, Connecting the Dots, Engagement Plan G StakeholderCase studyengagement 8585 banks climate advisors climate developpers engineers designers managers material experts material municipalities investors material scouts material architects owner-users designers investors owner-users municipalities municipalities material scouts material architects developpers managers demolition companies owners material experts material tenants demolition companies end-users material experts material managers demolition companies harvest experts owners managers suppliers contractors managers demolition companies transportation companies climate advisors climate subcontractors engineers distribution companies The different types of stakeholders and types of stakeholders The different Image together. an ecosystem form they how

8484 a scenario. This scenario is fictional of is fictional This scenario a scenario. realistic. potentially yet course, in the area. It is interesting to replace replace to It is interesting in the area. with actual stakeholders general these and create the area from stakeholders upcycling in the Amstel III area. III area. in the Amstel upcycling there two outlined before, As chapter types of stakeholders different many are This chapter will explore a potential a potential will explore This chapter should, or maybe could, that scenario urban upscale to in order place take different stakeholders in the area. Who in the area. stakeholders different III Amstel engaging in the actively are and why? their goals? area What are In addition to mapping out the area, the area, mapping out In addition to the map out to interesting it is also

The Amstel III Stakeholder Loop Stakeholder III Amstel The locally? engaging actively Who are

Case study Case Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder Connecting the Dots Scenario for stakeholder engagement

When the stakeholders have been mapped out, we can connect them. This scheme shows a fictional scenario, where stakeholders engage with each other during the different phases.

Information exchange on material availability, quality, location etc. public Makes on site inventory of negotiate about additional space material quantities and quality. development. financing. vision Stakeholder engagement

building Makes larger scale inventory of design material quantities. finance the development. create a sustainable building Creates material passports. businesscase. design Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder

Initiative Finance Design Inventory

Operation Construction Distribution Harvest

rents out social housing to renters. supplies harvested materials directly.

Hires demolition subcontractor to do rents out additonal supplies harvested selective demolition work. housing, office materials indirectly. space and retail to renters. supplies harvested supplies harvested materials indirectly. materials

86 87 Stakeholder engagement Phased engagement plan

Initiative Design InformationInformation exchange exchange on on Developers, the municipality and a Architecture firms come up with designs Information exchangeInformation on exchange on materialmaterial availability,materialmaterial availability, availability, availability, housing corporation negotiate on for the development within the vision of quality,quality, location location etc. etc. public publicquality, locationInformationquality, etc. location exchange etc. on the segmentation of the developing additional the municipality andadditional the wishes of thepublic public material availability,Makes on site inventoryMakes of on site inventory of negotiatenegotiate aboutnegotiate about about additional additional negotiate about space space Makes on siteMakes inventory on site of inventory of financing. financing. space space quality, location etc.material quantities and materialquality. quantities and quality. project. The municipality wants a development.development.development. financing. financing. development.developers. Ideally, they incorporate vision public vision material quantitiesmaterial and quantities quality. and quality. vision vision Makes on site inventory of minimum of 40% of social housing in negotiate about additional information on locally harvestable space financing. material quantities and quality. the area. However, this is not financially development. materials acquired from partner vision building building Makes larger scale inventoryMakes of larger scale inventory of interesting for developers. They want stakeholders within their designs, asbuilding building MakesStakeholder engagement largerMakes scale largerinventory scale of inventory of design design material quantities. material quantities. density and high quality apartments to lower the need for new building design design material quantities.material quantities. financefinance the finance the the finance the building Makes larger scale inventory of to gain high revenues. However, the development.development.development. materials. development. design material quantities. createcreate a acreate a create a zoning plan allows for a low density. The sustainable finance the sustainable sustainable sustainable buildingbuilding building building outcome of the negotiation might be businesscase. development. Creates materialCreates passports.Creates materialCreates material passports. material passports. passports. businesscase.businesscase.create a businesscase. designdesigndesign design that 20% of the developed dwellings will sustainable building Creates material passports. be social housing, but the municipality businesscase. design will allow a higher density. Also, the Initiative Finance Initiative Finance DesignDesign Inventory Inventory Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder InitiativeInitiative Finance Finance Design Design InventoryInventory developers must invest in the public space around the project. Initiative Finance Design Inventory

OperationOperationOperation ConstructionConstructionConstruction Operation Construction DistributionDistributionDistributionDistribution Harvest HarvestHarvestHarvest Information exchange on Finance Inventory Operation Construction Informationmaterial availability, exchange on Distribution Harvest Institutional funds will finance the The partner stakeholders thatquality,material location availability, etc. rentsrents out social outrents social out social rents out social public development entirely or negotiatepartly. If about additional are responsible for acquiring quality,this location etc. Makes on site inventory of housinghousing to renters.housing to renters. to renters. supplies harvested housing to renters.spacepublic supplies harvested needed, a bank can supplydevelopment.negotiate additional about financing.additional supplies harvestedsupplies harvested information do this on three levels: they materialMakes quantities on site inventory and quality. of rents out social materials directly. visionspace materials directly. development. financing. materials directly.materials directly. material quantities and quality. funding. These institutional funds have housing to renters. supplies harvested make inventoriesvision on large scale and on already invested in office buildings materials directly. site, and they create material passports. Hires demolitionHires Hires demolition demolitionHires demolition building Makes larger scale inventorysubcontractor ofsubcontractor to dosubcontractor subcontractor to do to do to do within the area. A new, high quality rents out additonal All this information is allowing the used selective demolition work. rents out additonalrents out additonal suppliessupplies harvestedsupplies harvested harvested rents out additonaldesignbuilding supplies harvested materialMakes quantities. larger scale inventoryselective selectivedemolition of work. demolitionselectiveHires demolition work. demolition work. development can create value for the housing, office materials to be reused in the future and housing, financeofficehousing, the office materialsmaterials indirectly.materials indirectly. indirectly.housing, office design materials indirectly. material quantities. subcontractor to do entire area, which is interesting for spacespace anddevelopment. retail andfinancespacerents retailto out and the to additonal retail to supplies harvestedspace to and makeretail to sure no value is lost over time. selective demolition work. create a investors. renters.renters. development.renters.housing, office materials indirectly.renters. sustainablecreate a building space and retail to Creates material passports. businesscase.sustainable supplies harvested designbuilding supplies harvested suppliessupplies harvested harvested renters. supplies harvestedsupplies harvested suppliesCreates harvestedsupplies material harvestedpassports. businesscase. materialsmaterials indirectly.materials indirectly. indirectly. design materials indirectly. materialsmaterialsmaterialsmaterials supplies harvested supplies harvested materials indirectly. materials Initiative Finance Design Inventory Initiative Finance Design Inventory

88 Operation Construction Distribution Harvest 89 Operation Construction Distribution Harvest

rents out social housingrents toout renters. social supplies harvested housing to renters. materialssupplies directly. harvested materials directly. Hires demolition subcontractorHires demolition to do rents out additonal supplies harvested selectivesubcontractor demolition to dowork. housing,rents outoffice additonal materialssupplies indirectly. harvested selective demolition work. spacehousing, and retail office to materials indirectly. renters.space and retail to renters. supplies harvested supplies harvested materialssupplies indirectly. harvested suppliesmaterials harvested materials indirectly. materials Information exchange on Information exchange on material availability, material availability, quality, location etc. quality, location etc. public public Makes on site inventory of Makes on site inventory of negotiate about additional space negotiate about additional space material quantities and quality. material quantities and quality. development. financing. vision development. financing. vision

building Makes larger scale inventory of building Makes larger scale inventory of Stakeholderdesign engagement material quantities. design material quantities. finance the finance the development. development. create a Phased engagement plan create a sustainable building sustainable building Creates material passports. Creates material passports. businesscase. design businesscase. design

Initiative Finance Design Inventory Initiative Finance Design Inventory

Operation Construction Harvest Distribution Harvest Construction Operation Construction Distribution Harvest In case the development requires Information exchange on In the best case, the materials are Information exchange on an old building to be demolished, a material availability, reused on site. The contractor receives material availability, rents out social quality, location etc. rents out social quality, location etc. harvest process should be started. public the materials at the right time in the public housing to renters. additional Makes on site inventory of housing to renters. Makes on site inventory of negotiatesupplies about harvested With the information on the inventory space construction process, to lower the suppliesnegotiate harvested about additional space materials directly. financing. material quantities and quality. materials directly. financing. material quantities and quality. development. a plan can be made. One party takes vision need (and time) for storing materials. development. vision on this job and hires demolition crews Hires demolition Logistically this is challenging, because Hires demolition

to disassemble specific parts of the subcontractor to do some materials are needed at a later Stakeholder engagement subcontractor to do rents out additonal supplies harvested building selective demolition work. Makes larger scale inventory of rents out additonal supplies harvested building selective demolition work. Makes larger scale inventory of housing, office materials indirectly. building. One crew is responsible design material quantities. stage than others. Planninghousing, is office key here. materials indirectly. design material quantities. space and retail to finance the for all the concrete, while another is space and retail to finance the development. development. renters. create a responsible for all the bitumen roofing. renters. create a sustainable building sustainable building supplies harvested supplies harvested Creates material passports. supplies harvested supplies harvested Creates material passports. businesscase.materials indirectly. materials design materialsbusinesscase. indirectly. materials design

Initiative Finance engagement Stakeholder Design Inventory Initiative Finance Design Inventory

Operation Construction Distribution Harvest Distribution Operation Operation Construction Distribution Harvest Once all materials are harvested, they When construction is done, the building rents out social can be distributed to their destination. can start to be used. The housing rents out social housing to renters. supplies harvested Ideally, all materials are reused on corporation finds renters to rent out the housing to renters. supplies harvested materials directly. site for the construction of the new apartments. The developers also find, materials directly. development. They can be stored on or already have renters. Hires demolition Hires demolition site until needed. However, not every subcontractor to do subcontractor to do rents out additonal supplies harvested material might be needed. In that case, selective demolition work. rents out additonal supplies harvested selective demolition work. housing, office materials indirectly. the materials are distributed to the housing, office materials indirectly. space and retail to marketplaces or manufacturers. space and retail to renters. renters. supplies harvested supplies harvested supplies harvested supplies harvested materials indirectly. materials materials indirectly. materials

90 91 Sources 93 Printed 2019 Printed 1st edition, 100 copies

- Helene Høyer Mikkelsen Helene Høyer Vandkunsten Petraeus Bram Studio RAP der Wielen van & Jeroen Dujardin Filip W; Overtreders interpretation Google maps, own

Table of embodied energy or primary energy of materials. (2018), Tectonica online (2018), Tectonica of materials. or primary energy of embodied energy Table M. de herziening In III, deel II van Amstel ontwikkelperspectief en programmatisch Ruimtelijk Amsterdam. Gemeente (2017), III Kantorenstrook. Amstel vesteringsbesluit Metabolic (2018), Search, Metablic and SGS from coming information Building and material Search. and SGS (2018), TNO. perspectief. in bouwen Circulair Bak, R.L. (2018), Kantoren in cijfers 2017, Zeist in cijfers Bak, R.L. (2018), Kantoren (2008), & Information Building Research construction, Defining closed-loop cycle material Sassi, P. (2011), Richardson, industrial design practice. into upcycling Integrating reuse: Design for Living well within the limits of our planet, (2016), European Commission within the limits of our planet, (2016), European Living well Agency Environment Design, (2017), European by Circular area, the city and metropolitan action agenda for a vision and Amsterdam; Circular Amsterdam TNO and Gemeente Economy, (2016), Circule (2016), Metabolic. the Urban Mines of Amsterdam, Prospecting (2018), Circle action perspectives, evaluationand Amsterdam; Circular Roadmap to a resource efficient Europe, (2011), European Commission (2011), European efficient Europe, a resource to Roadmap

92 P. 54 P. 56 P. 60 P. 66 P. P. 44 P. 48 P. Economy Images f. g. b. b. c. e. Additional sources Additional a. 6. 7. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. References References Sources Sources In 2015, the City of Amsterdam The methodology integrate insights prepared a Vison and Action Agenda from expert interviews to develop an ac- for the circular economy. Today, the tionable framework for urban upcycling, City is finding new ways of integrating focusing specifically on changes to the circular economy into urban planning construction value chain. as the Netherlands aim to become fully circular by 2050. The case study provided in the book analyses material quantities and The City of Amsterdam is recognised as a qualities on a representative building first mover in the transition to the circular in Amstel-Stad slated for demolition. economy, with the CONTEXT and cases Insights from the case study are then presented in this book, the municipality applied to an analysis of the wider area can further prepare to seize the opportu- to discuss material and energy poten- nities this paradigm presents. tials of integrating upcycling strate- gies in its development. An additional To secure focus and recommendations stakeholder analysis outline potential for a Circular Amsterdam, the City partners that can help realise urban has commissioned Kasper Guldager upcycling in the area. Jensen, Founder of GXN, as Circularity Expert and GXN as special advisors. A big thank you to the team from the Lead by Kåre Stokholm Poulsgaard, the City of Amsterdam team for a great GXN team deliveres circular economy collaboration. And massive respect analysis and action plan for the Ams- and thanks to the students at the GXN tel-Stad development area. led Big Upcycle Studio at TU Delft for putting in a tremendous effort in This book outlines a methodology and preparing the mappings, interviews, case study for how to work with urban analysis and cases of the books. upcycling in the Amstel-Stad.

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