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Organizational Modeling with a Semantic Wiki: Formalization of Content and Automatic Diagram Generation

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Organizational Modeling with a Semantic Wiki: Formalization of Content and Automatic Diagram Generation ORGANIZATIONAL MODELING WITH A SEMANTIC WIKI: FORMALIZATION OF CONTENT AND AUTOMATIC DIAGRAM GENERATION by António Ferreira Project/Dissertation Software Engineering University of Madeira Mathematics and Engineering Department Oriented by Prof. Pedro Campos and Co-oriented by Prof. David Aveiro November 2008 UNIVERSITY OF MADEIRA ABSTRACT Organizational Modeling with a Semantic Wiki: Formalization of Meanings and Automatic Diagram Generation by António Ferreira A key to maintain Enterprises competitiveness is the ability to describe, standardize, and adapt the way it reacts to certain types of business events, and how it interacts with suppliers, partners, competitors, and customers. In this context the field of organization modeling has emerged with the aim to create models that help to create a state of self-awareness in the organization. This project's context is the use of Semantic Web in the Organizational modeling area. The Semantic Web technology advantages can be used to improve the way of modeling organizations. This was accomplished using a Semantic wiki to model organizations. Our research and implementation had two main purposes: formalization of textual content in semantic wiki pages; and automatic generation of diagrams from organization data stored in the semantic wiki pages. Keywords: Organizational Modeling, Semantic wiki, WordNet, Diagrams. i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS II TABLE OF FIGURES V CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 MOTIVATION 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES 1 1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND CONTEXT 1 1.4 CONTENT 1 CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH CONTEXT AND PROBLEMS DEFINITION 3 2.1 SEMANTIC WEB 3 2.1.1 Definition 4 2.1.2 Purpose 4 2.1.3 Relationship to the hypertext web 5 2.1.4 Components 6 2.1.5 Semantic Web and Data Modeling 7 2.1.6 Examples of Semantic Web Applications 8 2.2 SEMANTIC WIKIS 14 2.2.1 Key characteristics 15 2.2.2 Example 15 2.2.3 Use in knowledge management 16 2.3 ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE MODELING 16 2.3.1 Enterprise Architecture Views 17 2.3.2 The Enterprise Architecture Model 17 2.4 REVIEW OF USED APPLICATIONS 20 2.4.1 MediaWiki 21 2.4.2 Semantic MediaWiki 21 2.4.3 Organizational Modeling with a Semantic wiki 26 2.4.4 Graphviz - Graph Visualization Software 30 2.4.5 Initial Architecture 32 2.5 PROBLEMS DEFINITION 32 2.6 RESEARCH STRATEGY 33 ii CHAPTER 3 – RELATED WORK 35 3.1 DICTIONARY TOOLTIP EXTENSION FOR FIREFOX 35 3.2 INLINE GOOGLE DEFINITIONS EXTENSION FOR FIREFOX 36 3.3 ONTO LING 37 3.4 SEMANTIC REFERENCE - AND BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING ENABLES AN AUTOMATIC SYNTHESIS 38 3.4.1 Introduction 39 3.4.2 Semantic Modeling of Reference and Business Processes 39 3.4.3 Synthesis of Semantic Process Models 40 3.4.4 Case Study 40 3.4.5 Limitations 41 3.5 AUTOMATIC DIAGRAM GENERATION APPLICATIONS 42 3.5.1 Limitations 45 3.5.2 Conclusion 46 CHAPTER 4 – SOLUTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS 47 4.1 PROBLEMS AND OBJECTIVES REVIEW 47 4.2 FORMALIZATION OF MEANINGS 48 4.2.1 WordNet 48 4.2.2 Halo Extension 49 4.2.3 Tooltip MediaWiki extension 50 4.2.4 Solution for Formalization of Meanings - WordNet integration with SMW 50 4.2.5 Comparison with related project OntoLing 53 4.3 MODEL VISUALIZATION - AUTOMATIC DIAGRAM GENERATION 54 4.3.1 Automatic diagram generation 54 4.3.2 Comparison with related work 56 4.4 APPLICATIONS ARCHITECTURE 58 4.5 ORGANIZATIONAL SEMANTIC WIKI CONCEPT HIERARCHY 59 4.6 ADDITIONAL FEATURES 60 CHAPTER 5 – IMPLEMENTATION 62 5.1 WORD NET INTEGRATION WITH SEMANTIC MEDIA WIKI 63 5.1.1 User interaction 64 5.1.2 Search WordNet words definitions 65 5.1.3 WordNet integration with SMW final version 67 5.2 SEMANTIC WIKI UPGRADE 67 iii 5.2.1 SMW 1.0 changes 68 5.2.2 Adaptation of the Organizational Modeling extension 69 5.3 AUTOMATIC DIAGRAMS GENERATION 73 5.3.1 Implementing conditions in the activity diagrams 74 5.3.2 Entity-Relationship Model 77 5.3.3 State diagrams 81 5.3.4 Use case diagrams 83 5.3.5 How to create a new type of diagram 85 5.4 ADDITIONAL FEATURES IMPLEMENTED 85 5.5 PROBLEMS FOUND 86 CHAPTER 6 – FUTURE WORK 88 6.1 RELATED WITH WORD NET 88 6.1.1 WordNet integration in Halo toolbox 88 6.1.2 Include category of word in the auto-complete 88 6.1.3 Include related words in the auto-complete 88 6.2 RELATED WITH MODELS 88 6.2.1 Use of Many-valued properties in the Entity-Relationship models 88 6.2.2 Unique and universal method to construct diagrams 89 6.2.3 Entity-Relationship models – entities connection through foreign key 89 6.2.4 Interaction of wiki data and diagrams with external modeling tools 89 6.2.5 External workflow applications integration with SMW 89 6.3 GENERAL 90 6.3.1 Integration of the Rename UI in MediaWiki template 90 CHAPTER 7 – CONCLUSION 91 BIBLIOGRAPHY 93 ANNEX 95 A.1 INSTALLATION MANUAL 95 A.2 USER MANUAL 95 iv TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Twine page .............................................................................................................. 9 Figure 2: RDF graph of a Twine’s page ............................................................................. 10 Figure 3: Creating connections between discussion clouds with SIOC ......................... 12 Figure 4: The main concepts in the SIOC ontology .......................................................... 13 Figure 5: Example of a Nextbio search .............................................................................. 14 Figure 6: The five enterprise architecture components. .................................................. 17 Figure 7: The fundamental concepts within each of the enterprise architecture views.18 Figure 8: Relationships between Activity, Role and Entity. ............................................ 18 Figure 9: Semantic bootstrap .............................................................................................. 27 Figure 10: Organizational views template ......................................................................... 29 Figure 11: Activity diagram automatically generated on the fly in a wiki page ........... 30 Figure 12: Used applications architecture ......................................................................... 32 Figure 13: Dictionary Tooltip in action .............................................................................. 36 Figure 14: Inline Google definitions ................................................................................... 37 Figure 15: Data semantics for the process “Order product” .......................................... 41 Figure 16: Result of the synthesis of our business trip example ..................................... 41 Figure 17: Visustin v5 Flow chart generator ..................................................................... 43 Figure 18: PostgreSQL Autodoc - Graphviz output ........................................................ 43 Figure 19: Ragel State Machine Compiler ........................................................................ 44 Figure 20: OntoViz ............................................................................................................... 45 Figure 21 WordNet Web interface ..................................................................................... 49 Figure 22: WordNet integration with SMW ..................................................................... 51 Figure 23: Auto-complete returning WordNet definitions .............................................. 52 Figure 24: WordNet defined words and effect when the cursor is over a word ........... 52 Figure 25: Project’s Applications architecture ................................................................. 59 Figure 26: Organizational Semantic wiki concept hierarchy .......................................... 60 Figure 27: Developed work Activity diagram ................................................................... 63 v Figure 28: WordNet 3.0 Database schema [21] ................................................................. 66 Figure 29: Interaction between MediaWiki and Organizational Modeling extension. 74 Figure 30: First version of Conditions in activity diagrams ............................................ 75 Figure 31: Final version of condition in activity diagrams .............................................. 75 Figure 32: Activities-conditions relations graph ............................................................... 76 Figure 33: Conditions in our generated diagram ............................................................. 77 Figure 34: Entities-relationship graph ............................................................................... 79 Figure 35: Example ER model of a University .................................................................. 81 Figure 36: States relations graph ........................................................................................ 82 Figure 37: Example of a generated state diagram ............................................................ 83 Figure 38: Roles-Activities relations graph ....................................................................... 84 Figure 39: Example of a generated use case diagram ...................................................... 85 vi CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivation Semantic wikis are tools easy to use by people without much software knowledge. We intend to be possible that all the collaborators of a certain organization can contribute to the creation of an organizational awareness through the use of semantic wikis. This tool allows an organic and coherent collection of organizational knowledge in the form of elements and relations in models that represent several facets of an organization,
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