DOCSLIB.ORG

International Adoption in the European Union Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Adoption in the European Union Study DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS JUSTICE, FREEDOM AND SECURITY INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION STUDY Abstract The main purpose of the report consists of proposing an up-dated comparative vision in the field of intercountry adoptions at European level, in particular following an interdisciplinary perspective able to give adequate consideration both to social and legal aspects involved. In particular, the research envisages two different levels of analysis: a documentary analysis based mainly on a statistical profile of the phenomenon within EU countries followed by a review of the fundamental international and European instruments that actually regulate the international adoption system and a survey that will be realized specifically at national level. The study led to some concrete proposal for the interventions of EU level and national policy-makers as well as representatives of civil society directed to harmonize the different national rules and experiences and to create a European adoption system. PE 419.603 EN This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Justice, Freedom and Security. AUTHORS The report has been coordinated by Istituto degli Innocenti, Florence Scientific Committee: Femmie Juffer, Isabelle Lammerant, Enrico Moretti, Piercarlo Pazè, Raffaella Pregliasco, Peter Selman, Elena Urso Texts by: Erika Bernacchi, Federico Brogi, Isabelle Lammerant, Femmie Juffer, Enrico Moretti, Raffaella Pregliasco, Peter Selman, Elena Urso, Angelo Vernillo National Reports by: Julia Andrasi, Pia Brandsnes, Kenneth Grech, Paulo Guerra, Peter Guran, Gill Haworth, Alfonso Marina Hernado, Andres Julle, Heinz Kindler, Kaarina Koskela, Aleksandra Kowalczyk, Jacques Kuentziger, Ninetta Lambrini-Zoi, Alina Mahera, Andreja Crnac Meglic, Laure Néliaz, Stéphanie Pino, Sandra Roe, Maria Rossidou, Elisabet Sandberg, Helmut Sax, Odeta Tarvydiene, Velina Todorova, Angelo Vernillo, Anneke Vinke Project management: Erika Bernacchi, Toni Compagno, Francesca Fattori, Angelo Vernillo Editorial staff: Anna Buia, Alessandra Gerbo, Caterina Leoni, Paola Senesi RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Dr. Joanna APAP Policy Department Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN Translation: FR ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in March 2009. Brussels, © European Parliament, 2009. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The main purpose of the present Report consists of proposing a comparative analysis of the different intercountry adoptions national systems, with the aims to create an updated knowledge base upon which any policy formulation may be better evaluated, taking into account the impact that such policies may have in the various EU member states, according to the research evidences on one side and the national child protection welfare systems on the other side. Statistical aspects For what concerns the different aspects aimed at sketching a statistical profile of the phenomenon within Europe, the enquiry made it possible to underline that EU receiving States accounted for over 40 per cent of total intercountry adoptions worldwide in 2004; in the same year the 9 EU States of origin provided 3.3 per cent of the children sent for international adoption (falling to 2 per cent in 2006). All of the States of origin, apart from Estonia, now send children primarily to other EU countries. In contrast, most EU receiving States take children mainly from non-European countries and only Cyprus, Malta and Italy took more than 10 per cent from other EU States. Moreover, the analysis put in evidence some general trends of the phenomenon, which determined the initial rise (1998-2004) and the subsequent fall (2004-2007) in the total number of intercountry adoptions. In particular, it could be underlined that the number of intercountry adoptions worldwide grew substantially from the mid-fifties, reaching a peak of over 45,000 in 2004. In the next three years the numbers fell to 37,000, similar to the level in 2001. 3 EU states – France, Spain and Italy – have been among the top 5 receiving states for the last 15 years. In general terms, it could be underlined that EU states – especially Spain and Ireland – experienced an above average increase in the number of children received between 1998 and 2004 but most EU states have subsequently experienced an above average decline from 2004 to 2007. By 2007 less than 20 per cent of children sent to 22 receiving States through intercountry adoption were from European countries and only 2.4 per cent from the EU. Regarding the statistical profile of international adoption in EU, while the evidence submitted has been helpful in providing an overall picture of this phenomenon, it is important that the European Parliament take steps to encourage all states to keep accurate records of children sent or received with more detail than is found in most returns. An immediate step could be to support current efforts by the Hague Convention to develop a standardized pattern of returns from all contracting states. Psycho-social and policy aspects In the report, legislative choices taken both at supra-national and national level have been viewed in parallel together with practices followed in the domestic experiences to verify if and to which extent the declarations of principles, the enactments, interpretations and applications of legal rules are adequately reflected in concrete measures adapted to the actual needs in individual situations. In particular, referring to the services enacted, the issues analyzed in this report are represented by the role of adoption in the national child welfare policy, the interdisciplinary approach to this instrument, the preparation services, the modalities of support during the waiting time, the matching, the main traits of post-adoption services, the impact and problems related to special-needs adoptions, and finally a review and an analysis of the forums for adoptive/birth parents and adopted persons. Some specific debated issues must be particularly highlighted. The first sensitive subject to focus on is the time of reflection for the birth mother to re- consider her decision to make her child available for adoption. In some countries a minimum iii period of some months is required before the child can be legally available for adoption. From a psychological perspective a minimum period of some months is indeed recommended, because a woman cannot fully realize and estimate all the consequences of her decision before she has actually given birth to a child. On the other hand, for the child’s best interest, a final decision should not be postponed too long, because (repeated) separations are hindering children’s attachment development, in particular later in their first year of life. To take both the birth mother’s and child’s perspective into account, a minimum period of at least three or four months does seem acceptable. Of course, psychological counselling of the birth mother before and after birth should be included in good practice standards or protocols. In several countries there is a debate about the position of children in residential care and/or foster care. Often, these children cannot be adopted because their birth parents do not give their consent for adoption, while at the same time, these parents are not in the position to take care of the children themselves. In many cases, children’s rights to family care or permanency are thus violated. It is of paramount importance that every effort should be made to stimulate family reunification, and that birth parents are indeed supported to rear their children in an adequate way. Besides that, foster care should be made available for non-adoptable children in residential care, whereas the position of foster children should be strengthened so that (more) permanency is guaranteed. Based on what is known from attachment research, family-type care and stable parent-child relationships should be preferred to residential care and repeated transitions or placements. Even if – according to the European reports – the subsidiarity principle of the Hague Convention is generally adhered to, its concrete enactment at a national level must be specifically supported. It is of course positive that it is generally recognized that adoptive or foster placement in the children’s own country of origin is preferred to intercountry adoption. However, although some measures are mentioned (e.g., children can be adopted only after a minimum period of time during which the option of domestic placement is investigated), a set of guiding rules or detailed guidelines on the enactment of the principle of subsidiarity at a national and supranational level is lacking. A good-practice parameter, taking into account both the subsidiarity principle and the child’s perspective (needing a permanent and stable family placement, preferably as soon
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sicily's Ancient Landscapes & Timeless Traditions 2021
    YOUR O.A.T. ADVENTURE TRAVEL PLANNING GUIDE® Sicily’s Ancient Landscapes & Timeless Traditions 2021 Small Groups: 8-16 travelers—guaranteed! (average of 13) Overseas Adventure Travel ® The Leader in Personalized Small Group Adventures on the Road Less Traveled 1 Dear Traveler, At last, the world is opening up again for curious travel lovers like you and me. And the O.A.T. Sicily’s Ancient Landscapes & Timeless Traditions itinerary you’ve expressed interest in will be a wonderful way to resume the discoveries that bring us so much joy. You might soon be enjoying standout moments like these: Who doesn’t love to eat in Italy? But Sicilian food, which is heavily influenced by the Arabs who thrived here, is in a league of its own. Sample the local flavors when you visit the Tunisian-inflected town of Mazara del Vallo and share a traditional Sicilian lunch with a local family. As you savor the home-cooked fare, you’ll learn how the city’s identity continues to evolve, and the vital role of the local fishing industry. You’ll also visit a home of a very different sort, one that traveler Carol Bowman described as “a house full of hope.” It’s Casa di Maria, an organization (and Grand Circle Foundation partner) established by a family in Catania to provide a loving home for children who are refugees or victims of neglect and domestic violence. The daughter-in-law of the founders (Sergio and Carmela) will enlighten you about Sicily’s foster care system. And you’ll meet more of the Casa’s extended family, including a young Nigerian woman who literally showed up on Sicily’s shores with nothing and grew up here, and hear her harrowing—but ultimately inspiring—story.
    [Show full text]
  • WHERE WAS MEAN SOLAR TIME FIRST ADOPTED? Simone Bianchi INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Flor
    WHERE WAS MEAN SOLAR TIME FIRST ADOPTED? Simone Bianchi INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Florence, Italy [email protected] Abstract: It is usually stated in the literature that Geneva was the first city to adopt mean solar time, in 1780, followed by London (or the whole of England) in 1792, Berlin in 1810 and Paris in 1816. In this short paper I will partially revise this statement, using primary references when available, and provide dates for a few other European cities. Although no exact date was found for the first public use of mean time, the primacy seems to belong to England, followed by Geneva in 1778–1779 (for horologists), Berlin in 1810, Geneva in 1821 (for public clocks), Vienna in 1823, Paris in 1826, Rome in 1847, Turin in 1849, and Milan, Bologna and Florence in 1860. Keywords: mean solar time 1 INTRODUCTION The inclination of the Earth’s axis with respect to the orbital plane and its non-uniform revolution around the Sun are reflected in the irregularity of the length of the day, when measured from two consecutive passages of the Sun on the meridian. Though known since ancient times, the uneven length of true solar days became of practical interest only after Christiaan Huygens (1629 –1695) invented the high-accuracy pendulum clock in the 1650s. For proper registration of regularly-paced clocks, it then became necessary to convert true solar time into mean solar time, obtained from the position of a fictitious mean Sun; mean solar days all having the same duration over the course of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Cornette, Carla. Colonial Legacies
    http://www.gendersexualityitaly.com g/s/i is an annual peer-reviewed journal which publishes research on gendered identities and the ways they intersect with and produce Italian politics, culture, and society by way of a variety of cultural productions, discourses, and practices spanning historical, social, and geopolitical boundaries. Title: Colonial Legacies in Family-Making and Family-Breaking: Carla Macoggi’s Memoirs as Semi-Autobiography Journal Issue: gender/sexuality/italy, 7 (2020) Author: Carla Cornette, Pennsylvania State University Publication date: February 2021 Publication info: gender/sexuality/italy, “Continuing Discussions” Permalink: https://www.gendersexualityitaly.com/13-colonial-legacies-family-making-and-family-breaking-carla- macoggis-memoirs Author Bio: Carla Cornette is an Assistant Teaching Professor of Italian at Pennsylvania State University and the faculty co-leader of Penn State’s study abroad program in Reggio Calabria. She holds a Ph.D. in Italian from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a minor in African Cultural Studies and Gender and Women’s Studies. Her dissertation project (2018) is entitled “Postcolonial Pathology in the Works of Italian Postcolonial Writers Carla Macoggi, Ubah Cristina Ali Farah, and Igiaba Scego” and interrogates the notion of depression in Italian postcolonial literature as a politically and socially induced phenomenon. She is currently preparing a monograph based on this study which argues that melancholic psycho-affective sequelae that manifest in Black diaspora women literary figures are the natural and expected consequence to continual subjection to multiple axes of oppression including race, gender, geography, and class, inequalities which have their origins in Italy’s colonial history. Abstract: Kkeywa: Storia di una bimba meticcia (2011) and La nemesi della rossa (2012) constitute the sequential memoirs of Carla Macoggi, Ethiopian-Italian author and attorney.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Department C Citizens Rights and Constitutional Affairs INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION in the EUROPEAN UNION
    Directorate-General Internal Policies Policy Department C Citizens Rights and Constitutional Affairs INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Final Report – 2009, March 27th Résumé: The main purpose of the report consists of proposing an up-dated comparative vision in the field of intercountry adoptions at European level, in particular following an interdisciplinary perspective able to give adequate consideration both to social and legal aspects involved. In particular, the research envisages two different levels of analysis: a documentary analysis based mainly on a statistical profile of the phenomenon within EU countries followed by a review of the fundamental international and European instruments that actually regulate the international adoption system and a survey that will be realized specifically at national level. The study led to some concrete proposal for the interventions of EU level and national policy-makers as well as representatives of civil society directed to harmonize the different national rules and experiences and to create a European adoption system. IP/C/LIBE/IC/2008-003 This note was requested by: The European Parliament’s committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. This study is published in the following language: EN The report has been coordinated by Istituto degli Innocenti, Florence Scientific Committee: Femmie Juffer, Isabelle Lammerant, Enrico Moretti, Piercarlo Pazè, Raffaella Pregliasco, Peter Selman, Elena Urso Texts by: Erika Bernacchi, Federico Brogi, Isabelle Lammerant, Femmie Juffer,
    [Show full text]
  • May 2008 Electronic Invoicing As A
    Electronic Invoicing as a ‘keystone’ in the collaboration between companies, banks and PA Report 2008 Observatory on Electronic Invoicing and Demateralisation May 2008 In collaboration with Index pages Introduction by Umberto Bertelè and Andrea Rangone 7 Executive Summary by Alessandro Perego 9 1. Electronic invoicing: the framework of reference 13 The various meanings of electronic invoicing 13 The “value” of electronic invoicing 15 The adoption 17 The barriers 19 The priorities 21 2. Electronic invoicing models 23 The adoption paradigms 23 The service fruition modes 28 The supply market 32 3. Adoption process 35 The diffusion of electronic invoicing models 36 The size of investments 39 The project sponsorship 40 The operational management of projects 42 The benefits 42 The critical operational features 43 The barriers 44 4. Assessment of profitability 63 The meta-model 63 Theanalysis of benefits 66 The analysis of profitability 70 Brief conclusions 82 5. Evolution of the legislative framework 83 A summary of the legislative framework 83 The open issues 86 The electronic invoicing to public sector authorities 90 Note on methodology 93 Workgroup 99 School of Management 101 The School of Management of Politecnico di Milano 101 ICT & Management Observatories 101 Supporters of Research 103 www.osservatori.net ELECTRONIC INVOICING AS A ‘KEYSTONE’ IN THE COLLABORATION BETWEEN COMPANIES, BANKS AND PA 1 Index of Figures pages Figure 1.1 The electronic invoicing as a ‘keystone’ in trade process integration 14 Figure 1.2
    [Show full text]
  • Illicit Adoptions
    ICAV Perspective Paper Illicit Intercountry Adoptions Lived Experience Views on How Authorities and Bodies Could Respond Compiled by Lynelle Long, July 2020 WWW.INTERCOUNTRYADOPTEEVOICES.COM ICAV PERSPECTIVE PAPER 1 Introduction n the past, ICAV Perspective Papers have brought together a range of views on a specific topic from intercountry adoptees all over the world. The goal of these Ipapers have been to raise greater understanding of the complexities we live. This paper attempts to bring together not only the voices and experiences of impacted intercountry adoptees who have lived experience with some form of illicit practice in their adoption, but we also include for the first time, a few adoptive parents and first family representation. For the purpose of this paper, we will use the term illicit adoption practice because it includes illegal adoptions but its meaning can also extend to unethical practices. Sometimes adoption practices are technically legal under the law of the relevant country but are fundamentally unethical under international or other standards such as the CRC, the Optional Protocol (Sale of Children), and the Palermo Protocol. Illicit practices can vary immensely but in general, participants experienced one or more of these 3 categories of instances: one category of illicit practices are instances where the child never should have been removed from (or should have been returned to) their family; a second group deals with subsidiarity in the sense that while it may have been necessary for the child not to be with their family, in-country solutions should have been used; then there are wrongs that go to matching--- such as falsified child study forms — in instances where an adoption could have been appropriate, but the wrongdoing led to creating a placement that was problematic.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION PROCESS in ITALY Adoption
    International trends in intercountry adoption: New challenges for intercountry adoption practice – ensuring the child’s best interest Intercountry adoption in Italy Munich, 27-04-2016 1 Adoption law and policies in Italy Intercountry Adoption process in Italy Cooperation between central authorities and adoption organizations Nation-wide standards for good practice in ICA Future trends in intercountry adoption Future perspectives for Italian adoption practice 2 CIAI - ITALIAN CENTER FOR THE AID TO CHILDREN Founded in 1968, first italian adoption organization Contributed to the Law 184/83 and 476/98 Co-Founder of Euradopt More than 3500 children adopted in Italy through CIAI from Asia, Africa, Latin America In 2015 more than 80% adopted children were special needs 2015: 50 adoptions – 1450 Post-adoption interviews 3 ADOPTION LAW AND POLICIES IN ITALY Law no. 184 of May 1983 Domestic and Intercountry modified by Law no. 149 of adoption March 2001 on adoption and Who can adopt foster care Who can be adopted Law no. 476 of December The Central Authority 1998, ratifying the 1993 (D.P.R. 108 of June 2007) Hague Convention. The Accredited Bodies (Guidelines 2005) 4 ADOPTION LAW AND POLICIES IN ITALY Intercountry Adoption is possible only through Accredited Adoption Organizations Private adoption is NOT allowed 62 Accredited Bodies, 61 private, 1 public Private organizations do not receive any public contribution for adoption and post-adoption services Private organizations have to charge all the costs on the families 5 INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION PROCESS IN ITALY Adoption: •The couple applies to a Juvenile court who will issue a decree of suitability •The couple approaches an adoption organization •The adoption organization handles the entire process abroad •The CA authorizes the adopted child’s entry to Italy •The Juvenile Court orders to transcribe the adoption decision in the registries of civil status.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Marshall Plan in the Italian Post-WWII Recovery
    Reconstruction Aid, Public Infrastructure, and Economic Development⇤ NicolaBianchi MichelaGiorcelli July 24, 2018 Abstract This paper studies how the modernization of transportation infrastructure a↵ects long-term economic outcomes. It exploits plausibly exogenous di↵erences between Ital- ian provinces in the share of modern infrastructure—mainly roads and railways—built with grants disbursed through the Marshall Plan. Provinces that could modernize a larger portion of their infrastructure stock experienced higher increases in agricultural production, especially for perishable crops that benefitted the most from an efficient transportation system. Agricultural firms in these areas also invested more in motorized machines that decreased the employment of manual labor. In the same provinces, we observe more entry of small firms in the industrial sector, as well as a larger expansion of the industrial and service workforce. JEL Classification: H84, N34, N44, O12, O33 Keywords: international aid, economic growth, reconstruction grants, Marshall Plan, innovation ⇤Contact information: Nicola Bianchi, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, and NBER, [email protected]; Michela Giorcelli, University of California, Los Angeles, and NBER, [email protected]. We thank Ran Abramitzky, Thor Berger, Meghan Busse, Nicholas Bloom, Dora Costa, Pascaline Dupas, Fran¸cois Geerolf, Therese McGuire, Katherine Meckel, Melanie Morten, Tommaso Porzio, Nancy Qian, Melanie Wasserman, and seminar and conference participants at UCLA, Northwestern, UC-San Diego, IFN Stockholm Conference, Barcelona GSE Summer Forum, and the Cliometric Society Annual Conference for helpful comments. Antonio Coran, Zuhad Hai, Jingyi Huang, and Fernanda Rojas Ampuero provided excellent research assistance. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Economic History Association through the Arthur H.
    [Show full text]
  • The ICT Revolution and Italy's Two Lost Decades∗
    The ICT Revolution and Italy's Two Lost Decades∗ Fabiano Schivardi Tom Schmitz LUISS University, EIEF and CEPR Bocconi University and IGIER May 19, 2017 PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE - PLEASE DO NOT CIRCULATE OR CITE Abstract Since the middle of the 1990s, Italy's catching-up process with respect to other advanced economies has ended, and output per capita has started to diverge. One potential reason for this divergence is the failure of Italian rms to take up the ICT revolution. We provide micro-level evidence on low ICT adoption in Italy, and show how it is linked to inecient management practices and amplied by input- output linkages. We then build a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous rms, management and ICT adoption choices, and production networks, and use it to analyse the quantitative importance of the ICT revolution for Italy's divergence. We nd that the ICT revolution can account for approximately 25% of the divergence between Italy's and Germany's GDP per hour worked between 1995 and 2015, the largest part being due to inecient management lowering the adoption rate and the productivity of ICT technologies. While the best way for Italy to catch up would be to improve management practices, the fact that production networks create externalities which make ICT adoption ineciently low creates a role for subsidy policies to improve aggregate outcomes. Keywords: Italy, Productivity slowdown, Divergence, ICT, Technology adoption, Management. JEL Codes: L23, O33 ∗Schivardi: Department of Economics, LUISS University, Rome, Italy, [email protected]. Schmitz: Department of Eco- nomics, Bocconi University, Via Roentgen 1, 20136 Milan, Italy, [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • The ICT Revolution and Italy's Two Lost Decades∗
    The ICT Revolution and Italy's Two Lost Decades∗ Fabiano Schivardi Tom Schmitz Università Bocconi, EIEF and IGIER Università Bocconi and IGIER December 15, 2016 PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE - PLEASE DO NOT CIRCULATE OR CITE Abstract Since the middle of the 1990s, Italy's GDP and productivity growth rates have virtually fallen to zero, and Italy's economy is falling ever further behind Northern Europe and the United States. We argue that an important reason behind the Italian slowdown is the failure of Italian rms to take up the ICT revolution. This, in turn, may be due to long-standing distortions in their internal organization, characterized by small size, centralized management, and low numbers of non-family managers. To explore this hypothesis, we write a heterogeneous-rm model with ICT and management, assuming that ICT enters rms' production functions as management-augmenting technological change. In the model, inecient management causes low ICT adoption, both directly (as management and ICT are complements) and indirectly (as inecient management in large rms allows more unproductive non-ICT adopting rms to survive). Increases in ICT productivity widen income dierences between economies with ecient and inecient management, both because the former use more ICT and because ICT increases the importance of management for aggregate production. Using microdata from dierent surveys on ICT and managers in rms in Italy and other European countries, we document empirical regularities that are in line with the model's predictions. Eventually, we want to use this data to assess how much of Italy's divergence can be explained by the ICT revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Greater Capacity: Learning from Intercountry Adoption Breakdowns Towards a Greater Capacity: Learning from Intercountry Adoption Breakdowns 1
    Towards a greater capacity: Learning from intercountry adoption breakdowns Towards a greater capacity: Learning from intercountry adoption breakdowns 1 To Chantal Saclier For her profound humanity and humility, her contribution to the development of the rights of children deprived of their families and her faith in change – a constant inspiration in my daily commitment. 2 Towards a greater capacity: Learning from intercountry adoption breakdowns Published by: Author: Cécile Jeannin International Social Service Co-authors: Bernadette Abejo, Ana Berástegui Pedro- Viejo, Bernadette Bonkoungou, Laurie C. Miller, Claudia International Centre of Reference for the Rights of Children Cabral, Sitara Chamot and Sinta, Marco Chistolini, Deprived of their Family Dr. Fanny Cohen Herlem, Janie Cravens, Frédérique 32 Quai du Seujet Delatour, Christine Delepière, Maria Doré, Ina Dulanjani 1201 Geneva, Switzerland Dygaard, Violeta Elefterie, Lina M. Estrada Jaramillo, Laura Ferrari, Patricia Fronek, Céline Giraud, Gaëlle Grilo, Anna Guerrieri, Alicia Aguilar Gutiérrez, Bente © International Social Service 2018. Hoseth, Odeta Inte, Jesús M. Jiménez-Morazo, All rights reserved. All reproductions, copies or diffusions Jaime Ledesma del Busto, Johanne Lemieux, Monica of this publication are prohibited without the publisher/ Malaguti, Sophie Marinopoulos, Laura Martínez- editor’s approval. Mora, Dr. Ulrike Möller-Bierth, Raquel Morales, Javier Múgica Flores, Victoria Musatova, Jesús Palacios, Design and illustrations: www.transformbrands.co.uk Carmen Paniagua, Nathalie Parent, Sandrine Pépit, Dr. Marie Odile Pérouse de Montclos, Sandi Petersen, ISBN: 978-2-9701140-4-8 Julien Pierron, Sonia Ranieri, Alberto Rodriguez Gonzalez, Rosa Rosnati, Chantal Saclier, Alphonsine T. Sawadogo, Ruth Schürbüscher, Frédéric Sorge, Lizley Tantaleán and Cite as: Anna Taxell. Jeannin, C. (Ed.) (2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Adoptions Across Identity Borders and the Right to Cultural Identity in England Germany and Italy VERSIONE FINALE Copy 2
    THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE ADOPTIONS ACROSS IDENTITY BORDERS AND THE RIGHT TO CULTURAL IDENTITY IN CONTEXT: THE CASE OF ENGLAND, GERMANY AND ITALY LAURA ZAGREBELSKY MPhil in GENDER STUDIES April 2012 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 53648 words. Laura Zagrebelsky. 2 Table of contents LIST%OF%THE%FIGURES............................................................................................. 5! ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................. 7! ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................ 8! TERMINOLOGY,%AIMS%AND%METHODS. ............................................................. 9! 1.! TERMINOLOGY..............................................................................................................10!
    [Show full text]