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Collaborative Crisis Management in the Public Sector: Effective Leadership Under Stress

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Collaborative Crisis Management in the Public Sector: Effective Leadership Under Stress University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2014 Collaborative Crisis Management in the Public Sector: Effective Leadership under Stress Yusuf Ustun University of Central Florida Part of the Public Administration Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Ustun, Yusuf, "Collaborative Crisis Management in the Public Sector: Effective Leadership under Stress" (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4633. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4633 COLLABORATIVE CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP UNDER STRESS by YUSUF USTUN BA, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Gazi University, 1997 MSc, Department of Politics, University of Exeter, 2001 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Doctoral Program of Public Affairs in the College of Health and Public Affairs at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2014 Major Professor: Naim Kapucu © 2014 Yusuf Ustun ii ABSTRACT The primary aim of this study is to discover how leadership competencies affect the perceived effectiveness of crisis management. Leadership skills exhibited by public managers in crisis times may help eliminate panic and help victims recover from the difficult situation as soon as possible. The existence of effective leadership in a crisis is one of the most important inputs in order to diminish the harmful effects of crises and disasters. The absence of effective leadership in times of crisis may be one of the most significant problems in the public administration because it may result in loss of human life and property. By answering the following research questions this study provides useable knowledge for public managers and leaders during crises: Are there any different leadership features or characteristics for effective leadership at time of crises than the leadership in normal time? What is the role of effective leadership in managing crises and disasters (natural or man-made)? How do a public administrator’s leadership traits and skills impact the effectiveness of crisis leadership? How do a public administrator’s leadership behaviors (task-, people-, and organization-oriented behaviors) influence the effectiveness of a crisis leadership? With the aim of revealing these relations, a self-reported survey was sent to 2,095 current and former Turkish public security network managers. The study found that the core leadership competencies (decisiveness, flexibility, communication, problem solving, managing innovation and creativity, team building, managing and organizing personnel, motivating, networking and partnering, decision making, scanning the environment, and strategic planning) have a positive relationship with the effectiveness of crisis leadership. Among three categories of leadership behaviors, task-oriented leadership behaviors were found with the highest level of impact on the iii effectiveness of crisis leadership. The study indicated the importance of the core leadership competencies in the effectiveness of crisis leadership. According to the results, the hypothesis testing with the covariance structure model supported the positive impact of the core leadership competencies on the effectiveness of crisis leadership. This study contributes to the literature on leadership during crisis situations, and also provides proposals for public managers and practitioners in order to increase their effectiveness in leading their organizations during a crisis situation. Keywords: Crisis management, leadership, leadership competency, leadership traits, leadership behaviors, effective crisis leadership. iv I dedicate this dissertation to my always encouraging, ever faithful parents, Mustafa and Dondu (Ustun), my loving and supportive wife, Zuhal, and our exuberant, sweet, and kind- hearted little boys, Oguz Kaan and Yunus Emre. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would never have been able to finish my dissertation without the guidance of my committee members, help from friends, and support from my family and wife. I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Naim Kapucu, for the patient guidance, encouragement, and advice he provided throughout my time as his student. I have been extremely fortunate to have a supervisor who cared so much about my work and who responded to my questions and queries so promptly. His good advice, support, and mentorship have been invaluable on both an academic and a personal level. In addition to my advisor, I would like to thank the other members of my thesis committee, Dr. Houman Sadri, Dr. Montgomary Van Wart, and Dr. Qian Hu for their encouraging words, thoughtful criticism, and time and attention during my dissertation study. I gratefully acknowledge the institutional support of the University of Central Florida and its staff. I thank all the faculty members in the College of Health and Public Affairs, especially Dr. Thomas Wan, Dr. Jackie Zhang, Dr. Martin Lawrence, and Dr. Thomas A. Bryer, who provided me with a tremendous graduate education and have taught me how to think about social problems. I thank my friends and colleagues from the Turkish Ministry of Interior for their support and understanding despite the enormous work pressures we were facing together. I would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Turkish Government and Turkish Ministry of Interior during this doctoral program. Above all, I would like to thank my wife Zuhal for her personal support and great patience at all times. She was always there and stood by me through the good times and bad. I vi thank my parents, Mustafa and Dondu Ustun, and my brothers Bahadir, Ahmet, and Muhammed for their faith in me. I appreciate my children, Oguz Kaan and Yunus Emre, whose sinless, sweet hearts full of love cheered me up in my most stressful moments. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. xvi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Background of the Study ...................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 A Brief Overview of the Turkish Public Administration System .................................. 7 1.4.2 A Brief Overview on Crisis Managements System of Turkey .................................... 13 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 19 2.1 Definitions of Key Concepts ............................................................................................... 19 2.2 Network Perspective in Crisis Management ....................................................................... 23 2.3 Collaborative Crisis Management....................................................................................... 25 2.4 Leadership in Managing Crises .......................................................................................... 29 2.5 Leadership Theories ............................................................................................................ 29 2.5.1 Charismatic Leadership ............................................................................................... 32 2.5.2 Transformational Leadership ....................................................................................... 33 2.5.3 Collaborative Leadership ............................................................................................. 38 2.6 Leadership Behavior in Networks ...................................................................................... 40 2.7 Conflicts in Networks ......................................................................................................... 41 viii 2.8 Leadership during Crisis ..................................................................................................... 43 2.8.1 Decision Making .......................................................................................................... 44 2.8.2 Sense Making ............................................................................................................... 45 2.8.3 Meaning Making .......................................................................................................... 46 2.9 Collaborative Leadership in Managing Crisis .................................................................... 47 2.10 Collaborative
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