International Integration for Regional Public (ICPM 2014)

The Research on the International Mechanism in the Public Events-- from the perspective of Regional Public Management

Zhang Yi1, Zhang Yinzhu2 1School of Public Management (SPM), Yunnan University of and ; 2 Law School of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, P.R.China 650221 [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract With the development of global economics and politics, the international joint problems which have been endless in number and increasingly serious challenge all the nations as well as all humanity. Without proper handling, the interests of nations even all human beings will be impaired. As the measures taken are beyond the range of sovereignity, it cannot be tackled by a single nation or region, which requires the cooperation, coordination and integration of resources by different areas in the world to promote comprehensive ability of crisis management and to efficiently deal with the crisis management events. On the basis of the current situation of international cooperation of public crisis management, this paper analyses the flaws in it and suggests that the valid and sound international cooperative mechanism of regional public crisis management should be constructed on the background of economic globalization.

Key words:public crisis events; international cooperative mechanism; regional public management.

1. Introduction the crisis. The public crisis caused either by In the 21st century, with the development of human beings or by the nature are the challenges economic globalization, lots of crisis correlate for all human beings. As for the global crisis with and interact with each other and become acute consequence, it is necessary for the entire international, challenging the whole world. As international society to cooperate and take the the spillover effect decides that the emergence of principle of interests balance, to jointly the crisis is beyond the locality, the local crisis undertake the crisis cost and responsibility and to may evolve into the overall crisis even global share the experience and resources to deal with crisis, causing the international influence. In the the crisis. Consequently, it is of great trend of the globalization, all the countries in the significance in regional public management to world should strengthen the cooperation in the strengthen the international cooperation of public crisis to guard against the damage and reduce the crisis management and integrate the international loss. In such events as 911 terror attack in USA, resources. the financial crisis in the world in 2008, the 2.1. Reduce the remedy for the cost of crisis in Indonesia and the of remedy and promote the remedy efficiency of Wenchuan, the international communication and crisis cooperation in the public crisis management , Due to the particular attributes of public crisis, which is the key subject of the regional public some countries and areas are suffering the management, become increasingly important. shortness of resources not only in funds, technology and informations but also in human 2. The need for the international cooperation resources when dealing with the crisis. in the public crisis events Especially in the under developed countries and Economy globalization is not only the trigger of areas which have the lagged economy and the public crisis, but also has the effect of technology, many lost their lives in vain because expanding and proliferating the consequence of the crisis events fail to be dealt with properly on

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time. Experiences of foreign countries about communication with the foreign individuals, warning, prevention, rescue, education and public and social and international aftermath in dealing with the crisis can be learn on communicating technology, economy, health from the international cooperation in the public and ecology should be made. In dealing with the crisis so that the on-the-spot can be crisis, the crisis can be eliminated by integrating improved and the advantages of and utilizing international resources and the mechanism of foreign countries when facing the civilized and harmonious world can be crisis can be depended on and learn, which are reconstructed. all beneficial for the promotion of crisis rescue 2.3. The liberal and responsible image of the ability. The crisis rescue cost will be sharply state can be erected by international reduced and rescue efficiency will be greatly cooperation enhanced if the rational rescue such as advanced To deal with the public crisis is to test the ability apparatus, equipments, medications and of the government. In the crisis, what challenges suggestions of experts from the international the government is not merely a dangerous event, society is accepted. but also the complex situation concerning the 2.2. By means of international cooperation, multiple interests. Especially in the informational the crisis can be eliminated and the society of the “global village”, the information harmonious and civilized world will be transmits fastly and widely. If a government fails reconstructed to handle well the crisis, not only has the public Under the background of the acceleration of lost the trust to the government, but its image in globalization, the public crisis occurred in some the international society will be impaired. The specific country or area will fastly spread to international cooperation in the public crisis other areas and even cause the global fluctuation management can help the government to erect due to the “butterfly effect”, leading to the wide- the international image of liberality and spreading panic and disturbance and responsibility, create the friendly international undermining the civilized and harmonious living environment and enhance the cooperation of environment of the people. The financial crisis public crisis management between governments which started in America in 2008, for example, so as to facilitate the democratic and scientific undoubtedly exerted severe impact on the global decision of public crisis management of the economy. Every state is striving for the self- government. rescue as well as international cooperation. By means of joint effort, they break the predicament 3. Problems in the international cooperation of economy and promote the overall recovery of of regional public management of the public global economy. The tendency of public crisis crisis events globalization decides that the governments In the real condition, due to the constant should strengthen the international cooperation occurrence of the serious public crisis in recent so as to and eliminated the crisis. years, all the countries realize that we should Through the communication between cope with the crisis jointly. As a result, some governments by modern tools of information regional and international cooperative activities transmission, the cooperation and have been gradually carried out. However, the

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international cooperation of emergence when the crisis occurs due to the change of the management of the public crisis is still at the participants and the relationship of the locality initial, temporary and tentative stage. The and interests. problems exist are as follows. 3.3. The current prevention of the 3.1. The system of the international international cooperation of the crisis cooperation of regional public emergence needs to be improved management has not been formed The emergency management is not merely the Although the developed countries have remedy after the emergency events, but also the accumulated the mature experiences in crisis emergency management in the whole process. At emergence management and formed some typical present, all the developed countries place the models, such as the ones of America, Russia and focus of the emergency management on the Japan, those models apply only to a certain prevention and preparation of the crisis. But in country to handle the crisis and it is hard to the international cooperation, international surpass the traditional political boundary so as to rescue after the events is the main task and few coordinate the participants of countries and prevention and preparation are involved, which organizations. Without the mature and effective is related to the lack of long-term and stable management model as guidance, the joint force international cooperative mechanism. of the international cooperation of crisis 3.4. The lack of valid informational emergence management can hardly be formed. In transmission mechanism the daily emergence management, the “power The complete transmission mechanism pays a dilemma” is not rare, namely, the imbalance vital role that helps identify and define between “ understand how to do it” and “ have publiccrisis, cope with crisis decision, coordinate the power to do it”. So the international participant to confront the crisis and so on. cooperation will be affected. However, the current emergency among the 3.2. The lack of long-term and stable cooperation in the international management has mechanism of international cooperation some problems. For one thing, there some After the happening of the large-scale public countries or international organizations are crisis, measures were taken by all the participants averse to opening their own grasped information, including all the governments of the state where especially in the confidential information. For the crisis happened, the participant state another thing, there are also some governments government, international organizations, regional averse to trusting and accepting the external organizations and local organizations. But information. Moreover, during the process of because of the declining of the position of the governing the emergency, the phenomenon that UN, all the forces can only be organized and the delivery of information fails due to the lack coordinated temporarily, which evolves into the of the coordinate mechanism and the message contest for the room of political power between delivery is not smooth owning to the poor sovereign states and in turn hinders the progress communications is not rare. of the international cooperation of the emergence management. As the gambling between all powers is contemporary, new game will start

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4. Set up the ideas the management other and eliminate disastrous result. international cooperation of the regional 4.2. Defining the unified order and system on the public crisis coordination organization To make better use of superiority on the public The participants in the regional public crisis crisis international resource and overcome its include governments of the existent shortcomings, constructing the state, the UN organizations, the Red Cross management international cooperation of the International, and international and regional regional system on the public crisis should have NGO, the latter three of which constitute some aspects to be taken into consideration as the“humanitarian society” whose interest and following: organizational objects are different from each 4.1. Reach the common ground on the basis of other. But the coordination and cooperation is the the joint interests, deal with the crisis in key to the success of crisis emergency and the coordination mutual respect and understanding among the At the age of globalization, public crisis have organizations are the precondition of the more and more the nature of superstate and international cooperation of the crisis emergency globalization, which demands our government management. Firstly, the chances of UN’s reform should have the sense of globalization and should seized to call for the respect to the UN liberality. When our countries happen public and the communicating channels and crisis, we should hold initiative and liberal coordination mechanisms of the UN with the attitudes to accept the rational international governments, other international organizations assistance. When other countries happen public and NGO should be used to give the full play to crisis, we should help them initiatively, and offer the leading role of the UN in the global public work force, fund and technological information crisis emergency management. Secondly, the to them, which is possible and other countries are post and role of the participants in the emergency badly in need of, which will not only save the management should be defined. The UN should lives of more victims, but also is good for relieve be the center; the governments of the state where for a while of economic life and have positive the crisis occurs should be the applicants for the effect on rebuilding of stricken-area. At the same emergency assistance and the main body of the time, when we are striving for international participants of the emergency management; the resource, we should also promote information NGO should be the raiser of the emergency communication with other countries and resources and implementor of the emergency international organization. We should look and management. Thirdly, the temporary headquarter deal with public crisis from the point of strategic of emergency management under the UN can be coordination. Both sides respect each other,treat built up and participated by delegates to consult equally each other, seek for beneficial common and deal with the emergency issues. It can be points common points, reach the common dismissed when the crisis is over. ground on the basis of the joint interests to 4.3. The working process of dynamic benefit each other. Promote communication and emergency management in the whole course cooperation, take the effective measures jointly, should be built up eliminate misunderstanding and divergence each The emergency management course includes the

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prevention, preparation, addressing, rebuild and constructed to achieve the combination of “daily relief. Prevention is to stop the happening of the life” and “emergency crisis”. emergency events when the potential danger is With regard to the information security, discovered; preparation is to promote the ability the emergency communicating network between of the governments and individuals to deal with the United Nations and each country and the emergency events; addressing is to deal with between international organization and Non- the crisis in emergency; relief is to reduce the governmental organization should be built, loss caused by the emergency events after the guaranteeing the smooth communication of crisis; rebuild is to recover the social stability, relative informality when public crisis occurs; infrastructure construction and public and the information platform of crisis confidence. The dynamic management of the information should be built, which should crisis should be made in the whole course and manage, collect, gather and observe all the relevant work process should be formulated. The relative information and data about public crisis, success of the public crisis management largely at the same time, gather the information relating depends on the perfect crisis prevention and with the past crisis event and monitor the precaution mechanisms. The regional precaution instability factors arousing public crisis; what’s mechanism can be built according to the reality more, all the information should be smoothly and regional relationship. The communication transmitted, opened and feed backed. As to the and association can be strengthened through the technology security, the advanced technology existing precaution mechanisms. When the fund and management methods, such as the , and opportunity is permitted, the crisis satellite monitor, GPS and remote control, should emergency management organization of UN can be introduced into the public crisis management. initiate the international precaution mechanism. For the recourse security, management system The crisis precaution international cooperative about the storage, distribution and arrangement mechanism entails not only large amount of of emergency materials should be set up, and money, but also relevant techniques and different material channels should be integrated, professional talents. As the developing countries which guarantees the support of materials after are restricted in this regards, the developed crisis, and improve and make good use of current countries should bear more responsibilities in the CAP of the United Nations, and emphasize the long-term to help the developing countries to functions of Non-governmental organization in overcome the bottle-neck of crisis cooperation. crisis management, coordinating and managing 4.4. The emergency support mechanism of the the resources among different organization, public crisis should be constructed avoiding waste as much as possible. With the International cooperation of the public crisis human resource security, the professional emergency management should be a system of emergency managers should be divided into multi-functions, which includes four aspects as relief group, medicine group and scholar group, information sharing, technology communication, which can perform their own functions. resources aid and personnel support. 4.5. Improve the international management To safeguard the full play of the functions, the system of public crisis emergency support mechanism should be The international management system of public

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