9 X13 Doublelines.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51521-4 - Essentials of Pediatric Radiology: A Multimodality Approach Edited by Heike E. Daldrup-Link and Charles A. Gooding Index More information

Index

A amyotonia congenita 22, 27 complete common (CAVC) bowel gas 49–50, 51 intramural see pneumatosis abdomen angiography, radiation – cyst 128 management 396–8 unbalanced 66 7 coli, pneumatosis intestinalis – neonates 31 neonatal 31 9 angiomyolipoma 205, 206 atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor – trauma 81–3, 94 (ATRT) 188, 189 normal 9 10 antiphospholipid antibody – abdominal X-ray 1, 3 autofluorescence imaging 252 bowel obstruction 104 12 syndrome 225, 227 functional 104, 347 – achondrogenesis aorta avascular necrosis of bone neonatal 34 8 group 294–5 see osteonecrosis coarctation see coarctation of bowing fracture 88 types I and II 294, 295 B aorta – achondroplasia stenting 380 brain 3 6 – bacterial infections abscess 143, 144 classic 293 4 traumatic injury 83 CNS 140–3 “ ” group 292–4 big black 78 aortic arch congenital 138 contusion 79 acro-osteolysis 316 abnormality 70–3 respiratory tract 147–8, intraparenchymal injury 79 – – acromegaly 271–3 double 71, 72 149 50 ischemic injury 75, 76, 231 50 right, with left ligamentum basal cell nevus syndrome 309 large heterogeneous acute chest syndrome, sickle cell arteriosus 72 supratentorial mass 186–9 – disease 220 3 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome parenchymal hematoma 79 apoptosis 220, 252 – adamantinoma 215, 217 (BWS) 309 10 premature infants 3–5 appendicitis 121, 122–3, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) – adrenal glands 13–14 158–9 brain tumor 181 95 54, 56 infratentorial 181–6 adrenal hemorrhage, appendicolith 121, 122 peripheral, older child or post-traumatic 85 biliary system 13 adolescent 189, 190 arthritis birdbeak sign 231, 232 adrenal masses 202–3, 269 juvenile idiopathic 171–3 supratentorial hemispheric – – adrenocorticalneoplasm202–3, 267 septic 169 71 bladder, urinary 11 186 91 trauma 86, 87 supratentorial intraventricular Askin tumor 214, 218 aerophagia 10 189–91 Blalock-Taussig shunt 375 – AIDS see human aspergillosis 153 supratentorial midline 191 5 body length 2 immunodeficiency virus asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy brainstem glioma 185–6 (Jeune syndrome) 296, 297 body proportions 2, 3 airleaks 24–5, 101–3 Brodie abscess 167 airways 6–8 asthma 100, 101 bone cyst 216 bronchi 8 astrocytoma ALARA principle 390 infarction 222, 223–4, 225, bronchial atresia 27–8, 29 cerebellar 184–5 Albers-Schönberg disease 340, 341 juvenile pilocytic (JPA) – bronchial injury 81 (dominant osteopetrosis) – metabolic disorder 256 90 184 5, 186 tumor 214–17, 218 bronchiectasis 151 303, 304 subependymal giant cell Albright’s hereditary (SEGA) 189, 191 bone age determination 14 bronchiolitis 149 osteodystrophy (AHO) 284 supratentorial 186, 187, 188 bone marrow bronchiolitis obliterans alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency atelectasis 24–5 Gaucher disease 286, 287 342, 343, 344 – red, conversion 1–3 – 273 6 atlantooccipital dislocation bronchogenic cyst 27 8, 201, 376 Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) (AOD) 80–1 bone marrow transplantation bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BMT) 334–41 378, 379 atrial septal defect (ASD) 40–3 (BPD) 20, 23, 366, 370 Amplatzer septal occluder closure device 376 bowel bronchopulmonary – (ASO) 376 stenting 380 hernia 112 15 malformation 27–30 ischemia 227, 229–30, 251 Amplatzer ventricular septal atrioventricular canal (AVC) “shock” 87 Broviac catheter 369, 370 occluder (AVSO) 377–8 defects trauma 86–7, 94 brown tumor 276–7, 279

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51521-4 - Essentials of Pediatric Radiology: A Multimodality Approach Edited by Heike E. Daldrup-Link and Charles A. Gooding Index More information

Index

bucket handle fracture 93, 94 cerebrovascular disease 178, cardiac device 375–80 diaphragm 8 – – buckle fracture 89, 90 231 50 cyanotic 56 70 traumatic injury 81 – left-to-right shunt lesion 40–52 bunion (hallux valgus) 384–5, 386 cervical spine trauma 80 1 – diaphragmatic hernia, congenital obstructive lesion 54 6 21, 25–7 Burkitt's lymphoma 196 Chance fracture 87, 88 – congenital infection 138 40, 168 diaphyseal dysplasia 305 C chest 6–8 skeletal anomaly 8 congenital insensitivity to pain 310 diarrhea, HIV-related 175–6 calcifications trauma 81 congenital lobar hyperinflation/ intracranial 138, 139, 141, diastrophic dysplasia 295 chest X-ray 1, 3, 7 overinflation (CLO) 20, 178, 241, 282, 283 24, 27–8 diffuse axonal injury (DAI) secondary neonates 19, 20, 21 75, 79–80 – congenital pulmonary airway hyperparathyroidism 279 80 child abuse see non-accidental – DiGeorge’s syndrome 282 trauma malformation (CPAM) 27 8 calcium gluconate digital fracture 93 extravasation 367 chlamydial pneumonia 149 Conradi-Hünermann syndrome 299 digital radiography (DR) 393–6 Camurati-Engelmann disease 305 cholelithiasis 123–4, 221 continuous diaphragm sign 33 discitis 167, 168 cancer chondroblastoma 215 imaging 181–217 corkscrew appearance 107, distal tibial physeal fracture 92, 93 chondrodysplasia punctata 298–9 108, 231 radiation-related risk 390, 391 distraction osteogenesis 385, 387 chondroectodermal dysplasia corner fracture 93, 94 Candida albicans 163, 175 (Ellis-van Creveld dysplasia) diverticulum of Kommerell 71 – – coronary sinus defect 42 cardiac device 375 80 296 7 DNA damage 391 coxa valga 383, 384 cardiac fibroma 309 chondromyxoid fibroma 215 double-bubble sign 34, 107, cardiac index 8 chondrosarcoma 215 coxa vara 383, 384 108, 319 – cardiac tamponade 368, chordoma 215 cranial sutures 1 2 double inlet ventricle 66–7 premature closure 2, 4 374, 375 choroid plexus papilloma/ Down syndrome (trisomy 21) cardiac transplant 342–7, 348 carcinoma 189–91, 192 craniometaphyseal dysplasia 305 227, 249, 319–20 – craniopharyngioma 193 congenital heart disease 49 cartilage-hair hypoplasia 299 300 chronic granulomatous disease duodenal atresia 34, 319 (CGD) 154 Crohn’s disease (CD) 117, caterpillar sign 104, 105 – – 154–8, 229 drug-induced rickets 257 60 cavum septum pellucidum, chylothorax 25 7, 28 croup 98, 147 ductus arteriosus 8 persistence 5 classic metaphyseal lesion see also patent ductus arteriosus (CML) 93, 94 Cryptococcus neoformans 178 cell death, ischemic 220 ductus venosus Arantii 12 clavicular fracture 90 cryptosporidiosis 176 cellulitis, retropharyngeal 147 duodenal atresia 34, 319 claw sign 204 Currarino triad 310–11 central nervous system (CNS) duodenal stenosis 34 HIV-related disease 177–8 clear cell sarcoma 205, 213 Cushing disease 267–71 – duodenal web 34 infection 138 46, 178 cleidocranial dysplasia 300, 301 Cushing syndrome 267–71 tumor see brain tumor duodenum 9, 10 Clostridium difficile 177 cystic fibrosis 341, 342 central venous catheter 363 HIV-related disease 175–6 peripherally inserted coarctation of aorta (CoA) 54–6, 57 cysts polyp 111 – (PICC) 367 9 stenting 380 abdominal and pelvic 128 duplication cyst 115, 117, 201 tunneled 369, 370 mediastinal 200, 201 Cobb angle 385, 387 dyschondrosteosis 300 – soft tissue 213 cerebellar astrocytoma 184 5 Codman Hakim valve 353–4 cytomegalovirus (CMV) dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial cerebral blood vessel 3, 4, 6 Codman triangle 214, 217 congenital 139, 140 tumor (DNET) 189, 190 – – cerebral palsy 232 7 colitis, allergic 117 HIV-related disease 175, 176 7 dysostosis multiplex 307–9 D cerebral venous thrombosis colon 9, 10 see also mucopolysaccharidosis 237, 240, 241 HIV-related disease 176–7 dactylitis, sickle cell 223–4 dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (Trevor’s disease) 306 cerebritis, bacterial 143 common atrioventricular canal deep sulcus sign 82 cerebrocostomandibular (CAVC) defects, complete E – deformity correction 384–9 syndrome 310 49 50, 51 Ebstein’s anomaly 378, 380 – dentogenesis 2–3 cerebrohepatorenal syndrome computed radiography (CR) 393 6 Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) (Zellweger syndrome) computed tomography (CT) dermatomyositis 164, 165, 166 318, 319 299, 321–2 – perfusion 250 1, 252 dermoid cyst 209 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) 311 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) radiation dose 391, 392 see also teratoma flow dynamics 350–2 radiation protection 392–3, Eisenmenger syndrome 44 – desmoplastic infantile pseudocyst 357 398 400 ganglioglioma (DIG) 188, 189 elbow fracture 90, 91 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) congenital heart disease (CHD) development, normal 1 shunt 350–60 40–73 ossification center 14

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Ellis-van Creveld dysplasia 296–7 F neonatal 31–2 Harrington rods 389 ’ nontraumatic emergency embolization therapy, vascular Fallot s tetralogy see tetralogy – head shape 1 227, 228, 378, 380 of Fallot 103 24 trauma 86–7, 94 head trauma 75–9 embryonal sarcoma 208 Fanconi anemia 312 cerebral ischemic damage gastrojejunostomy tube (GJT) – 237–52 emergency, nontraumatic feeding tube (FT) 364 7 364, 365 – 98–135 non-accidental 93 4, 95, femoral fractures 93 gastrostomy tube (GT) 363, 364, 237–9, 244 empyema 150, 151 femoral venous line 21 365, 366 heart – – encephalitis, viral 145 6 fibrodysplasia ossificans Gaucher disease 260, 286 7 boot-shaped 57, 58 enchondroma 214, 215, 217 progressiva 312 genitourinary tract size assessment 8 – trauma 81 malignant transformation 307 fibromatosis, infantile 212, 213 infection 160 5 metachondromatosis 307 nontraumatic emergency Helicobacter pylori 154 fibrosarcoma 215 – enchondromatosis 215, 306–7 124 33 hemangioendothelioma, infantile with hemangiomas 215, 307 fibrous cortical defect 217 trauma 85, 86, 87 207, 208 – endocardial cushion defects, fibrous dysplasia 216, 217 germ cell tumor 209 10 hemangioma 212, 213, 215 malignant 209 complete (CAVC) flat foot (pes planus) 385, 386 enchondromatosis with mediastinal 200 – 215, 307 endocrine glands 13 14 fluoroscopy ovarian 209, 210 – endotracheal tube (ETT) 360–4 radiation dose recording pineal region 193–5 hemochromatosis 287 8, 290 – complications 361–4 394 6, 397 testicular 210 hemosiderosis 287–8, 289, 290 – radiation protection 392–3, positioning 360 1, 362 germinoma, pineal 193–5 size and length of insertion 361 395, 396–8 hemothorax 81 Gianturco coil (GC) 378 – focal nodular hyperplasia Henoch-Schönlein purpura enteral feeding tube 364, 365 7 – (FNH) 207, 208 Gianturco-Grifka vascular (HSP) 117, 120 2 enterovirus infection 146 occlusion device 378 Fong syndrome (nail patella hepatoblastoma 207 eosinophilic granuloma 214, 216 – syndrome) 315, 316 gigantism 271 3 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ependymoma – glioma 207, 208 – Fontan procedure 69 70 infratentorial 183 4 brainstem 185–6 – – fontanels 1 hernia 112 15, 230 1 supratentorial 186, 187, 188 optic pathway/hypothalamic epidermolysis bullosa football sign 33 191–2, 192 herpes simplex virus (HSV) dystrophica (EBD) 153, 311 supratentorial 186, 187 encephalitis 145, 146, 237 foreign body esophageal infection 175 – epididymo-orchitis/epididymitis ingested 115 20 glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 11 perinatal/congenital infection – inhaled 99, 100 125 6, 165 glucocorticoid excess 267–71 139–40, 141, 237, 241, 242 fractures 88–93 epidural hematoma (EDH) 77, 246 Goldenhar syndrome 312, 313 Hickman catheter 369 fixation device 380–4 epiglottitis, acute 98, 99, 147 gonadal masses 209 hip 14–15, 170 frostbite 225, 226 neck–shaft angle 383, 384 epiphyses gonadal shielding 393–4 ischemic necrosis 224–5 fungal infection pain, acute 133, 134 – separation fractures 93, 94 nervous system 146, 178 gooseneck deformity 50, 51 septic arthritis 170 1 stippled 298–9 transplant recipients 336, Gorham syndrome 215, 316 Hirschsprung disease 37–8 337, 341 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) 349 urinary tract 163 Gorlin syndrome (basal cell histoplasmosis, pulmonary 153 nevus syndrome) 309 Erlenmeyer flask deformity 286, G HIV see human 287, 300 graft-versus-host disease immunodeficiency virus galactosemia 273, 275 esophagitis 117, 154, 175 (GVHD) 338, 339 Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) gallstones 123–4, 221 esophagus 8–9 greenstick fracture 88, 89 196, 197, 199 duplication 28 ganglioglioma 189, 190 growth, normal 1 Ann Arbor staging 198 HIV-related disease 175 desmoplastic infantile (DIG) 189 Holt-Oram syndrome 313–14 – growth hormone (GH) excess iatrogenic perforation 365 7 ganglioneuroma 202, 398 – inadvertent intubation 271 3 human immunodeficiency virus gastric outlet obstruction – (HIV) 138–9, 173–8 361, 362 guidelines, imaging 390 1 – inflammation 153–4 104, 106 chest disease 174 5 gunshot wound 239, 245 CNS disease 177–8 strictures 311 gastritis 154 H encephalopathy 176, 177–8 Ewing’s sarcoma 214, 215, 218 gastroenteritis, infectious 117 gastrointestinal disease 175–7 Hajdu-Cheney syndrome 313 exostoses, multiple hereditary gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 8–10 Hunter syndrome (MPS II) – 215, 217, 305–6 bleeding 115, 117, 118, 119 hallux valgus 384 5, 386 260, 262–5 bone marrow transplant – extracorporeal membrane hand foot syndrome 223 4 Hurler-Scheie syndrome 260, 263 oxygenation (ECMO) 21–4, recipients 339 – Hand-Schüller-Christian disease Hurler syndrome (MPS I) 260, 25, 235–7, 239 HIV-related disease 175 7 – infection/inflammation 153–60 214 16 261, 262

405

Index

hyaline membrane disease intra-arterial catheter 367–75 focal nodular hyperplasia meconium ileus 35–6 see surfactant deficiency intramedullary nail (IM) 381–3 (FNH) 207, 208 meconium peritonitis 38 disease hematoma 374–5 intravenous (IV) catheter 367–75 meconium plug syndrome 38 hydrocephalus 350–2 infantile hemangioma 207 worsening, shunt intraventricular hemorrhage 235 masses 207, 208 meconium pseudocyst 38 trauma 83–4, 95 malfunction 358 – intussusception 109 12, 113 veno-occlusive disease mediastinum 8 – hydronephrosis 128–33 reduction 111 12, 113 (VOD) 339 cyst 200, 201 masses 28, 199, 200 hyperoxaluria 273 ischemia 252 liver transplant 325 medulloblastoma 181–3, 184 hyperparathyroidism 276–82 Ivalon plug 378 biliary complications 325, 332 primary 276–8 J other complications 228, 325, megaureter 130, 132 – 333 secondary 273, 276, 277 8, Melnick-Needles syndrome – Jansen’s metaphyseal preoperative imaging 324 278 80, 281, 282 300–1 tertiary 276, 282 dysplasia 299 small bowel transplant with jejunal atresia 37 346, 347 meningitis hypertrophic pyloric stenosis vascular complications 325, bacterial 140–1, 237, 243 (HPS) 104, 105 jejunostomy tube (JT) 364, 365 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331 HIV-related 178 tuberculous 141, 142 hypochondrogenesis 294, 295 Jeune syndrome 296, 297 lungs 8 hypochondroplasia 294 juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) abscess 150, 151 mesenchymal hamartoma, – bone marrow transplant hepatic 207, 208 hypoglycemia 235, 238 171 3 recipients 336 mesenteric gas 230 hypoparathyroidism 282, 283, juvenile polyps 117 cavitary necrosis 151 284 K contusion 81, 82 mesenteric ischemia 227, infarction 225–7 229–30, 251 hypophosphatasia 284, 286, 307 kidneys 11 masses 27–30 masses 205, 206 mesoblastic nephroma 205, 206 hypophosphatemic rickets 259, 260 neoplasm 28, 30 perfusion CT 252 sequestration 27–8 mesocolic hernia 116 hypoplastic left heart syndrome trauma 85, 86 66–7, 69, 70 transplant 341, 342, 343, 344 metabolic bone disorder 256–90 Kirschner wires (K-wires) 381, 382 hypothalamic glioma 191–2 Lyme disease 143 metabolic disorders, ischemic Klein’s line 135 brain injury 235, 238 hypoxic-ischemic injury, lymphangioma 213, 215 Klinefelter syndrome 200 neonatal brain 234–5, 236, lymphatic malformation 212 metachondromatosis 307 237, 238 L – lymphoblastic lymphoma 196 metaphyseal dysplasia 299 300 I Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis lymphocytic choriomeningitis metaphyseal lesion, classic (LCH) 214–16, 219 iatrogenic device 350–89 virus (LCM) 138 (CML) 93, 94 lap-belt injury complex 87–8 – ileal atresia 36–7 lymphocytic interstitial metatropic dysplasia 295 6 iliac index 319 large bowel 9, 10 pneumonitis (LIP) 173, 174 Meyer’s dysplasia 14 – HIV-related disease 176 7 – Ilizarov technique 385, 387 lymphoma 196 200 microcolon 35–6, 37 Larsen syndrome 314 bone 215, 217 midgut volvulus (MGV) 34–5, impressiones digitatae 2 HIV-related 175, 177, 178 laryngotracheobronchitis, acute 106–9 Inca bone 2 (croup) 98, 147 lysosomal storage disorder – Morquio syndrome (MPS IV) infection 138 78 Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LSD) 260 – – 262, 265, 266, 308 9 congenital 138 40, 168 (LCP) 134 M newborn 237 moyamoya disease 239–50 – lenticulostriate vasculopathy 139 Maffucci’s syndrome 215, 307 transplant recipients 334 6, mucolipidosis 309–22 337, 341, 342, 346 leptomeningeal cyst 76, 77, malignant peripheral nerve mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) – 239–52 sheath tumor (MPNST) 213 inflammation 138 78 260, 307–9 – inflammatory bowel disease 154–8 Léri -Weill syndrome 300 malrotation 9, 106 9 type I (Hurler; Hurler-Scheie; – Letterer-Siwe disease 216 marble brain disease 303–4 Scheie) 260, 261, inguinal hernia, indirect 112 14 262, 263 – innominate artery, anomalous 72 leukemia 215, 225, 231 Marfan syndrome 314 15 type II (Hunter) 260, 262–5 internal hernia 112, 114–15, ligamentum arteriosus 71, 72 mastoid cells, pneumatization 3, 4 type III (Sanfilippo) 262, 265 type IV (Morquio) 262, 265, 116, 117 limp, acute 133 McKusick’s metaphyseal – – 266, 308 9 interrenicular junction defect lipoma 213 dysplasia 299 300 type VI (Morateaux-Lamy) 10, 11 liver 11, 12, 13 measles encephalitis 146 262, 265 type VII (Sly) 262, 265, 268 interstitial pneumonitis abscess 207, 208 Meckel-Gruber syndrome 315 lymphocytic (LIP) 173, 174 adenoma 207 multilocular cystic renal Meckel’s diverticulum 110, 115, transplant recipients 336, bone marrow transplant tumor 205 117, 118 345, 346 recipients 339 – multiple epiphyseal dysplasia 298 intestine see bowel cystic lesions 207, 208 meconium aspiration 20 1, 24, 371

406

Index

multiple hereditary exostoses O paralytic ileus 104, 347 pituitary gland 13 – 215, 217, 305 6 oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia paranasal sinuses 2–3 plate fixation 383 musculoskeletal system (Goldenhar syndrome) – paranasal sinusitis 341 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma ischemia 223 5 312, 313 (PXA) 189, 190 nontraumatic emergency parapneumonic effusion 150–1 – oligodendroglioma 189, 190 133 6 parathyroid adenoma 276, 278 pleural recesses 8 Ollier’s disease 215, 306–7 Mycobacterium avium parathyroid glands 13 pleuropulmonary blastoma 28, 30 intracellulare (MAI) 176 optic pathway glioma 191–2 parathyroid hyperplasia 276, pneumatocele 151 myelination 5, 6 orogastric tube (OGT) 360, 364 279, 281 pneumatosis coli 231, 231 – – myelon 15 16 orthopedic device 380 9 partial anomalous pulmonary pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) myofibromatosis, infantile ossification 14–15 venous return (PAPVR) bone marrow transplant – 212, 213 ossifying fibroma 215 50 2, 53 recipients 338, 339 Patau syndrome 318 bowel ischemia 230 myositis ossificans 216 osteitis fibrosa cystica 276 neonates 32, 33 N patent ductus arteriosus older children 159–60 osteochondroma 214, 215 – multiple 215, 217, 305–6 (PDA) 46 9 nail patella syndrome 315, 316 closure device 378, 379 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia nasogastric tube (NGT) 364 osteodysplasty 300–1 stenting 380 (PCP) 172, 173, 174 nasojejunal tube (NJT) 364, osteogenesis imperfecta 301, pelvic cyst 128 pneumomediastinum 101, 365–7 302, 303 102, 103 pelvic fracture 86, 87 neonatal 20, 24–5, 26 osteoid osteoma 215, 217 neck 8 pelvis 15 traumatic 82 osteolysis syndrome 316, 317 – necrosis, ischemic 220 pelviureteric junction pneumonia 149 52 – necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) osteoma 215 obstruction see ureteropelvic bacterial 149 50 – complications 150–1 31, 32 3, 117 osteomalacia 256 junction obstruction HIV infection 174–5 – – neonates 19 39 osteomyelitis 167–9 perfusion imaging 250 1, 252 neonatal 20, 24, 25, 149 – abdomen 31 9 acute 166, 167 transplant recipients 345, 346 – pericardial cyst 201 ischemic brain injury 232 7 chronic 167 viral 149 – – respiratory distress 19 30 chronic recurrent multifocal perinatal asphyxia 20 1, 24 pneumopericardium 102, 103 169 peripheral arterial line (PAL) 369 nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) neonatal 24–5, 27 – 203 5 sickle cell disease 221, 223, 224 peripherally inserted central pneumoperitoneum tuberculous 168 venous catheter (PICC) nephroblastomatosis 205, 206, bowel ischemia 230 vertebral 167, 168 367–9 399 neonatal 24–5, 33–4 osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis peritonitis, meconium 38 nephrocalcinosis 282, 284 of bone) 221, 223, 224–5 pneumothorax 101–3 neurenteric cyst 28 Cushing-related 268, 271 peritonsillar abscess 146–7 neonatal 20, 24–5 skinfolds mimicking 25, 27 neuroblastoma 201, 202, 203 Gaucher disease 286 periventricular leukomalacia idiopathic 134 (PVL) 233–4 tension 101, 103 neurofibroma 212, 213 traumatic 81, 82 osteopetrosis 302–4 periventricular white matter injury – neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) of premature infants 232–4 Poland syndrome 316 17 191–2, 212, 213, 249 osteosarcoma 214, 215, 217, 218 persistent pulmonary poliomyelitis, enteroviral 146 neutropenic colitis/typhlitis ovaries 12 hypertension of newborn portal hypertension 115, 118 338, 339 – (PPHN) 20–1 cyst 126 8 portal vein 12, 13 Niemann-Pick disease 260 germ cell tumor 209, 210 pes planus 385, 386 gas 32, 33, 230 masses 209 Nit-Occlud coil (NOC) 378, 379 – shielding 393–4 pharyngitis 146 7 posterior urethral valve (PUV) ’ non-Hodgkin s lymphoma torsion 126–8, 209, 230–1 pheochromocytoma 202 129, 130 (NHL) 196, 199 post-transplantation HIV-related 175, 177 over ranging 1, 399 physeal fracture 89, 90 lymphoproliferative disorder staging 198 see also Salter fracture oxalosis 273 (PTLD) 348, 349 nonseminomatous germ cell physical abuse see non-accidental oxaluria 273, 274 Potter’s syndrome (renal tumor (NSGCT) 200, 210 trauma P agenesis) 22, 27 non-accidental trauma 93–5, pin fixation (K-wires) 381, 382 pain, congenital insensitivity premature infants 237–9, 244 – to 310 pineal region masses 193 5 brain development 3–5 nonossifying fibroma 214, ischemic brain injury 232–4, 235 pancreas 11, 13 pineoblastoma 194, 195 215, 217 surfactant deficiency disease annular 34 pineocytoma 195 19–20, 22, 23 Noonan syndrome 315–16 transplant 346, 347 – pituitary adenoma 267, 270, normal child 1 trauma 84 5, 94 primitive neuroectodermal 271, 272 tumor (PNET) 186–9 paraduodenal hernia 115

407

Index

processus vaginalis, patent 112 radiography, radiation protection Rigler’s sign 33 small bowel 9, 10 – – progressive multifocal 393 6 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 143 HIV-related disease 175 6 transplant 346, 347–9 leukoencephalopathy Rashkind duct occluder 378 rubella, congenital 139 (PML) 178 snowman sign 65, 66 reactive airway disease (RAD) Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome 317 prostate 12 100, 101 soft tissue S pseudoachondroplasia 297–8 RECIST criteria 196 ischemic injury 225, 226 S value 394 masses 211, 212, 213 pseudohypoparathyroidism rectosigmoid index 37, 38 282, 284 sacrococcygeal teratoma 209, 210 sphingolipidosis 260 recurrent respiratory – pseudokidney sign 110 papillomatosis (RRP) 147, 148 Salter fracture 89 spinal canal 15 16 type I 89, 90 spinal cord 15–16 pseudomembranous colitis 177 renal agenesis 22, 27 type II 89, 90, 91 pseudopseudo renal calculi 126, 127, 162 type III 89, 93 spinal cord injury 80, 81 hypoparathyroidism 284, 285 calcium oxalate 273, 274 type IV 89, 92, 93 without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) 80 pulmonary agenesis 25–7, 28 renal cell carcinoma 205 type V 89 spinal fusion 388–9, 388 pulmonary artery sling 72, 73 renal medullary carcinoma 205 Sanfilippo syndrome (MPS III) 262, 265 spine 15–16 pulmonary atresia (PA) renal osteodystrophy (ROD) scapular fracture 93 Chance fracture 87, 88 intact ventricular septum, 278–80, 281 rugger-jersey 273, 278, 279 with 66–7 Scheie syndrome 260 renal scarring 160–1 spinous process fracture 92, 93 tetralogy of Fallot with 57, 58, schistosomiasis 164–5 59–60 renal transplant 325–34, 335, 336 spleen 11, 13 ’ vascular embolization and renculus 10 Schmid s metaphyseal dysplasia ischemia and infarction 227, 228 stenting 378, 380 299, 300 transcatheter embolization reperfusion injury 220 pulmonary blood vessels 8 scimitar syndrome 227, 228 Replogle suction catheter/tube neonatal respiratory distress trauma 83, 84 pulmonary hypoplasia 22, (RT) 364–7 25–7, 28 25–7, 28 spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia respiratory distress, neonatal partial anomalous pulmonary congenita 294–5 pulmonary interstitial – venous return 51, 52, 53, 54 19 30 standardized uptake value emphysema (PIE) 24–5, 26, 27 – respiratory distress syndrome, scoliosis 385 9, 388 (SUV) 198 pulmonary valve, absent (APV), neonatal see surfactant screw fixation 380–1, 383 steeple sign 98, 147 tetralogy of Fallot with deficiency disease 30, 57, 58, 60 scrotal pain, acute 124–6, 165 stenting, vascular and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) – intracardiac 380 pulmonary venous return, bronchiolitis 149 scurvy 288 90 anomalous sternal fractures 81, 83, 93 respiratory system seminal vesicles 12 partial (PAPVR) 50–2, 53 “ ” – infection 146–53 seminoma 200, 210 sternocleidomastoid tumor total (TAPVR) 65 6, 67 212, 213 nontraumatic emergency septic arthritis 169–71 pyelonephritis 160, 161 98–103 stomach 9, 10 xanthogranulomatous sequestrum, bone 167 ectopic tissue 115, 118 161–2 retinoblastoma 194, 195 shielding 393–4, 399 HIV infection 175 pyknodysostosis 304 retropharyngeal cellulitis and volvulus 106, 107 abscess 147 short gut syndrome 229, 346, 347 Pyle’s dysplasia 305 STORCH infection see TORCH shunt, CSF see cerebrospinal rhabdoid tumor 205, 206 infection pyonephrosis 163 see also atypical teratoid/ fluid (CSF) shunt streptococcal group B R rhabdoid tumor Shwachman-Diamond syndrome pneumonia, neonatal 149 radiation rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) 317, 318 – stridor, acute 98, 99 biological effects 391–2 210 11 sickle cell disease 220–5 stochastic vs. deterministic stroke 231, 233, 239–50, 253 rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile sinus venosus defect 40, 41–2 effects 390 171–3 subacute sclerosing skeletal dysplasia 292–309 radiation dose rhizomelic chondrodysplasia panencephalitis (SSPE) 146 skeleton, peripheral 14–15 cancer risks 391 punctata 298–9 subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnostic imaging 391–2 – rib skull 1 3 (SAH) 78, 79 estimation and recording 392, fracture 75–7, 93, 94 394–6, 397, 399–400 fracture 81, 82, 92, 93 subclavian artery, aberrant notching 54–5 salt and pepper 276, 277 – – right 72 3 radiation protection 390 400 slipped capital femoral – rib-gap syndrome 310 subcutaneous air 24–5 computed tomography 392 3, epiphysis (SCFE) 90, 91, – – 398 400 rickets 256 60 134–5 subdural hematoma (SDH) 78, fluoroscopy and angiography drug induced 257–60 95, 251 – orthopedic device 383 395, 396 8 hereditary vitamin D accidental 77–8 – Sly syndrome (MPS VII) 262, radiography 393 6 dependent 260 non-accidental 78, 93–4 technical considerations 392–3 hypophosphatemic 259, 260 265, 268

408

Index

subependymal giant cell TORCH infection 138–40, miliary 152, 175 vasculopathy, cerebral 253 astrocytoma (SEGA) 168, 237, 241 osteomyelitis 168 veno-occlusive disease (VOD), 189, 191 torsion 230–1 pulmonary 151, 152 hepatic 339 subtalar implant, conical torticollis, congenital tuberous sclerosis 206 ventricular septal defect (VSD) 385, 386 (fibromatosis colli) 212, 213 tumor 181–217 43–4, 45, 46 – sunburst periosteal reaction torus fracture 89, 90 Turner syndrome 54, 319, 320 closure device 377 8 214, 217 – total anomalous pulmonary U ventricular system, cerebral 3 5 surfactant deficiency disease venous return (TAPVR) – ventriculoatrial shunt 352–4, 360 (SDD) 19–20, 22, 23, 149 – ulcerative colitis (UC) 117, 154 8 65 6, 67 ventriculolumbar shunt 352–4 swallowing 7, 9 umbilical arterial catheter (UAC) toxoplasmosis 21, 370, 371, 372 ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt Swyer-James syndrome 151 congenital 138 – umbilical hernia 112, 114 352, 353 9 syndromes 309–22 HIV-related 177, 178 complications 354–60, 356, 356 trachea 6, 7, 8 umbilical venous catheter (UVC) valves and settings 353–4, 355 synostoses 2, 4 – cross-sectional area 8 21, 360, 370 5 – synovial sarcoma 213 – complications 374–5 ventriculopleural shunt 352 4, direct cannulation 361 4 359, 360 strictures/stenosis 361–4 malposition 372, 373, 374, 375 synovitis, transient 133 – – univentricular heart 66–70 vertebrae 15 16 syphilis, congenital 138, 168–9 tracheitis, bacterial 147 8 osteomyelitis 167, 168 T tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), upper respiratory tract infections – vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) congenital 28, 29 146 8 – – target sign 110, 155, 212 128 9, 130, 160 1 tracheostomy 361–4 ureterocele 130–2 teratoma 209 viral infection – mediastinal 200 transcatheter cardiac device ureteropelvic junction obstruction CNS 143 6 – – – ovarian 209, 210 (TCCD) 375 80 (UPJO) 129 30, 131, 162, 163 congenital 138 40 – pineal 195 transient tachypnea of the ureter 11 HIV-related 174 5 sacrococcygeal 209, 210 newborn (TTN) 20, 23 ectopic 132–3 respiratory tract 148, 149 – testes 12 – transplant complications vitamin C deficiency 288 90 transplantation 323 49 329–34, 336 germ cell tumor 210 preoperative imaging 324, 325 vitamin D 256 masses 209 urethra 11 dependent rickets 260 torsion 124–5, 164, 165, 230–1 transposition of great arteries (TGA) urinary tract see genitourinary voiding cystourethrography testicular appendage torsion 125 dextro (D-TGA) 62, 63–5 tract (VCUG) 11–12, 128 tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 56–60 levo (L-TGA) 65 urinary tract infection (UTI) volvulus 230–1, 232 with absent pulmonary valve trauma 75–95 160–1 gastric 106, 107 (APV) 30, 57, 58, 60 ischemic injury 225 uterus 12 in meconium ileus 36 with pulmonary atresia 57, 58, orthopedic implant 380–4 midgut (MGV) 34–5, 106–9 – V 59 60 see also head trauma, other W – specific types of trauma VACTERL association 29, 320–1 thanatophoric dysplasia 292 3 – ’ wheezing 98 9 thoracolumbosacral brace Trevor s disease 306 VACTERL-H association 321 Williams syndrome 321 (TLSO) 388 tricuspid atresia 66–7, 68 vanishing bone disease 215, 316 Wilms tumor 203–5 3 sign 54, 55 triplane fracture 92, 93 varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Wimberger sign 168–9, 290 thrombocytopenia–absent radius trisomy 13 syndrome 318 congenital 138 (TAR) syndrome 317–18 encephalitis 145–6 Wormian bones 1–2 trisomy 18 syndrome 318, 319 HIV-related infection 175 thrombosis, recurrent 225, 227 X trisomy syndrome 21 see Down varices, bleeding 115, 117, 118 thymus 6–7 syndrome xanthoastrocytoma, pleomorphic vascular access device 367–75 189, 190 thyroid gland 13 truncus arteriosus (TA) 60–3 vascular embolization 227, 228, Tillaux fracture 93 xanthogranulomatous tuberculoma 141, 142 378, 380 pyelonephritis 161–2 time-of-flight secondary ion tuberculosis (TB) vascular malformation 211, 212 Y mass spectrometry esophageal 175 – (TOF-SIMS) 252 genitourinary tract (GUTB) vascular rings and slings 70 3 yolk sac tumor 209 – toddler fractures 90–3 163 4 vascular stenting 380 Z HIV infection 175 – vascular trauma 81, 83 – tonsillitis 146 7 meningitis 141, 142 Zellweger syndrome 299, 321 2

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