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Studying on Empty: a Qualitative Study of Low Food Security Among College Students Trellis Research Series on Collegiate Financial Security & Academic Performance www.trelliscompany.org Studying on Empty: A Qualitative Study of Low Food Security Among College Students Trellis Research Series on Collegiate Financial Security & Academic Performance By Chris Fernandez, Jeff Webster, & Allyson Cornett October 2019 TRELLIS RESEARCH SERIES ON COLLEGIATE FINANCIAL SECURITY & ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ABOUT TRELLIS COMPANY Trellis Company (formerly TG) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation with the dual mission of helping student borrowers successfully repay their education loans and promoting access and success in higher education. For nearly 40 years, Trellis Company has provided individualized services to student loan borrowers and support to institutions and communities. Today we are expanding our commitment and helping improve the financial education and wellness of all we serve. ABOUT TRELLIS RESEARCH Trellis Research provides colleges and policymakers insight into student success through the lens of college affordability. With more than three decades of experience on the forefront of issues such as student debt, student loan counseling, and financial barriers to attainment, our research team continues to explore the role of personal finance and financial aid in higher education. Our latest initiative, the Student Financial Wellness Survey, provides a free service to participating colleges interested in learning how their students think about finances, debt, basic needs, and financial literacy. For more information about how to participate, please go to www.trelliscompany.org/research/trellis-company-student- financial-wellness-survey or contact Kasey Klepfer, Senior Research Analyst, at trellisresearch@ trelliscompany.org. RECENT PUBLICATIONS • Klepfer, K., Cornett, A., Fletcher, C., & Webster, J. (2019). Student Financial Wellness Survey Report: Fall 2018 Implementation. Trellis Company. Retrieved from: https://www.trelliscompany.org/ student-finance-survey/ • Klepfer, K., Ashton, B., Bradley, D., Fernandez, C., Wartel, M., & Webster, J. (2018). Student Financial Wellness Survey (SFWS) Spring 2018. Trellis Company. Retrieved from: https://www.trelliscompany. org/research/ • Fletcher, C., & Klepfer, K. (2019). State of Student Aid and Higher Education (SOSA) in Texas. Trellis Company. Retrieved from: https://www.trelliscompany.org/research/ • Fernandez, C., Fletcher, C., Klepfer, K., Webster, J. (2016). Effective Counseling, Empowered Borrowers: An Evidence-based Policy Agenda for Informed Student Loan Borrowing and Repayment. Trellis Company. Retrieved from: https://www.trelliscompany.org/research/ RECOMMENDED CITATION • Fernandez, C., Webster, J., & Cornett, A. (2019). Studying on Empty: A Qualitative Study of Low Food Security Among College Students. Trellis Company. Retrieved from: https://www.trelliscompany.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Studying-on-Empty.pdf Studying on Empty: A Qualitative Study of Low Food Security Among College Students 3 TRELLIS RESEARCH SERIES ON COLLEGIATE FINANCIAL SECURITY & ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: Jeff Webster Director of Research 512-219-4504 [email protected] Follow us on Twitter: @TrellisResearch FOR MEDIA CONTACTS AND INQUIRIES: Donna Fritz Vice President, Marketing 512-388-6750 [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Trellis Financial Security Study is a collaborative effort to document the ways student finances affect academic performance. The authors are grateful to our many collaborators. Carla Fletcher and Kasey Klepfer helped with the study design and development of interview protocols. Dr. Katherine Jensen and Dwuana Bradley provided substantial suggestions for the coding scheme. Our interviewers included Carla Fletcher, Kasey Klepfer, Dwuana Bradley, Katherine Whitton, and Maria Teresa Saco. Our coders were Dwuana Bradley, Eman Nabulsi, Janet Rodriquez, and Maria Teresa Saco. Madison Gove contributed to the literature review. We also thank Bryan Ashton for his thoughtful comments on the drafts and his continued support throughout the project. Dr. Suzanna Martinez from University of California San Francisco provided thoughtful comments that helped us clarify important concepts. While our report benefited from the many contributions of our colleagues, the authors assume full responsibility for the content of the report and any errors, omissions, and misstatements. We want to especially thank the many students who took time out of their busy schedules to talk with us, sharing sometimes quite sensitive/personal information. 4 Studying on Empty: A Qualitative Study of Low Food Security Among College Students TRELLIS RESEARCH SERIES ON COLLEGIATE FINANCIAL SECURITY & ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS About Trellis Company ...................................................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................................................................................4 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................................5 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................7 Shifting Food Security .............................................................................................................................................7 About Low Food Security .......................................................................................................................................8 Contrast with Very Low Food Security ................................................................................................................8 Contrast with High/Marginal Food Security .......................................................................................................8 What Causes Low Food Security? ........................................................................................................................9 How Low Food Security Impacts Students .........................................................................................................9 How Students Cope with Low Food Security ....................................................................................................9 About the Financial Security Study .....................................................................................................................10 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................................10 1. Introduction to Collegiate Food Security ............................................................................................................ 11 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................12 1.2 Food Insecurity among Postsecondary Students: A Literature Review ................................................13 1.3 USDA Food Insecurity Methodology ...........................................................................................................15 1.4 Trellis Financial Security Study Methodology ............................................................................................. 17 2. Who Becomes Low Food Secure? ........................................................................................................................19 2.1 USDA Survey Responses ................................................................................................................................ 20 2.2 Descriptive Statistics of Sample ....................................................................................................................22 2.3 Conceptual Framework: Financial, Time, and Energy Budgets .............................................................24 2.4 Longitudinal Process: Cause, Impact, Coping Strategies, and Outcomes ..........................................27 3. What Causes Low Food Security? ........................................................................................................................ 29 3.1 Finances and Employment among Students with LFS ............................................................................ 30 3.2 Food as Ad Hoc Budget Balancer ................................................................................................................33 3.3 Low Food Security with Dependents ..........................................................................................................35 3.4 First-Time Students and Incomplete Expectations.................................................................................. 36 3.5 Campus Dining and its Discontents ........................................................................................................... 38 3.6 Physical Resources and Low Food Security .............................................................................................. 40 3.7 Eating Poorly to Study Better? ......................................................................................................................41 3.8 Non-Compulsory Low Food Security ........................................................................................................ 42 Studying on Empty: A Qualitative Study
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