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GOES-R Series Data Book

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GOES-R Series Data Book GOES-R Series Data Book Prepared for National Aeronautics and Space Administration GOES-R Series Program Office Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 Pursuant to Contract NNG09HR00C Revision A May 2019 CDRL PM-14 This page left blank ii CONTENTS Foreword___________________________________________________________________ v Preface ___________________________________________________________________ vii Acknowledgements ________________________________________________________ ix 1. Mission Overview _____________________________________________________ 1-1 2. GOES Spacecraft Configuration ________________________________________ 2-1 3. Advanced Baseline Imager ___________________________________________ 3-1 4. Geostationary Lightning Mapper _______________________________________ 4-1 5. Space Environment In-Situ Suite _______________________________________ 5-1 6. Magnetometer _______________________________________________________ 6-1 7. The Extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensors Instrument _________ 7-1 8. Solar Ultraviolet Imager _______________________________________________ 8-1 9. GOES-R Communications Subsystem ___________________________________ 9-1 10. Command and Data Handling Subsystem ___________________________ 10-1 11. Electrical Power Subsystem _________________________________________ 11-1 12. Guidance Navigation & Control _____________________________________ 12-1 13. Propulsion Subsystem ______________________________________________ 13-1 14. Thermal Control Subsystem _________________________________________ 14-1 15. Mechanisms _______________________________________________________ 15-1 16. Ground System Architecture ________________________________________ 16-1 17. Spacecraft Mission Phases __________________________________________ 17-1 18. On-Orbit Mission Operations ________________________________________ 18-1 19. Technical Performance Summary ___________________________________ 19-1 20. Acronyms _________________________________________________________ 20-1 iii This page left blank iv Foreword The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite – R Series (GOES-R) is the next generation of U.S geostationary weather satellites and is a key element in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operations. GOES weather imagery and advanced weather products have been a continuous and reliable stream of environmental information used to support weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, and meteorological research. Evolutionary improvements in the geostationary satellite system since 1974 (i.e., since the first Synchronous Meteorological Satellite, SMS-1) have been responsible for making the GOES system a mainstay of weather forecasts and environmental monitoring. The GOES-R series (GOES R, S, T, and U) represents the first major technological advancement in geostationary observations since 1994 and will extend the availability of the GOES system through 2036. The GOES-R series provides critical atmospheric, hydrologic, oceanic, climatic, solar and space data, significantly improving the detection and observation of environmental phenomena that directly affect public safety, protection of property, and our nation’s economic health and prosperity. Designed to operate in geosynchronous orbit, 35,786 km (22,236 statute miles) above the equator, thereby remaining stationary relative to the Earth’s surface, the advanced GOES-R series spacecraft continuously views the contiguous United States, neighboring environs of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and Central and South America. The GOES-R series spacecraft bus is three-axis stabilized and designed for 10 years of on-orbit operation preceded by up to five years of on-orbit storage. Two GOES satellites remain operational at all times while an on-orbit spare is maintained to permit rapid recovery from a failure of either of the operational satellites. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is the primary instrument on the GOES-R series spacecraft for imaging Earth’s weather, oceans and environment. ABI views the Earth with 16 different spectral bands (compared to five on the previous GOES series), including two visible channels, four near-infrared channels, and ten infrared channels. ABI’s data enables meteorologists to pinpoint and track developing storms in much greater detail. The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) is the first operational lightning mapper flown in geostationary orbit. GLM detects and maps total lightning (in-cloud and cloud-to-ground) activity continuously over the Americas and adjacent ocean regions. Used in combination with radar, data from the ABI instrument, and surface observations, GLM data has great potential to increase lead time for severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings. GOES-R series spacecraft also carry a suite of instruments to significantly improve detection of approaching space weather hazards. The satellites provide advanced imaging of the sun and detection of solar eruptions for earlier warning of disruption to power utilities and communication and navigation systems. The satellites also more accurately monitor energetic particles and the magnetic field variations that are associated with space weather for better assessment of radiation hazards and mitigation of damage to orbiting satellites, communications, and power grids. v Ground support is critical to the GOES-R series mission. To support the large increase in spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution of the ABI and other instruments, the raw data rate increased to 75Mbps, over 30 times the previous rate. NOAA has developed a state-of-the-art ground system to receive data from the GOES-R series spacecraft and generate real-time data products. The ground system operates from two primary locations: the National Satellite Operations Facility (NSOF) in Suitland, Maryland, and the Wallops Command and Data Acquisition Center (WCDAS) at Wallops, Virginia. A third operations facility in Fairmont, West Virginia, serves as the Consolidated Backup (CBU) in case of a systems or communications failure at either or both NSOF and WCDAS. Those desiring further information about the GOES system should contact the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) and/or search the following internet addresses: https://www.goes-r.gov/ http://www.noaa.gov/ https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/ https://www.weather.gov/ https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ vi Preface To further enhance the utility of the GOES system, this reference presents a summary and technical overview of the GOES-R series system, its satellites, subsystems, sensor suite, and associated ground communication and data handling subsystems. The reference is intended to serve as a convenient and comprehensive technical reference for people working on or associated with the GOES-R series mission as well as general information suitable for public distribution. Sufficient technical information and performance data are presented to enable the reader to understand the importance of the GOES-R series mission, the system’s capabilities, and how it meets the needs of the users. Certain performance data presented herein, e.g., instrument performance, were predicted using pre-launch analyses and ground testing. As the satellites undergo on-orbit operations and actual data are obtained, such technical information in this reference may not necessarily reflect current capabilities. Furthermore, this reference is not meant to be a technical specification with absolute worst case performance numbers but rather a general document which informs the reader of nominal and typical GOES system performance and operational capabilities. The GOES-R series program is a collaborative development and acquisition effort between NOAA and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Program activities occur at the co-located program and project offices at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The GOES-R series program collaborates with industry partners across the United States to fulfill the GOES-R series mission. Lockheed Martin is the principal space system contractor, with associate contractors providing individual instruments to Lockheed for integration, and Harris is the prime ground system contractor. Each system has numerous supporting subcontractors. vii This page left blank viii Acknowledgements This Data Book had major contributions from the following authors at Lockheed Martin (LM): Alexis Benz (lead), Jim Chapel, Anthony Dimercurio Jr., Bonnie Birckenstaedt, Clemens Tillier, William Nilsson III, Jesus Colon, Robert Dence, David Hansen Jr, and Pamela Campbell. Our special thanks for their efforts. We would also like to thank the many instrument authors and NASA/NOAA personnel that provided inputs and reviews of the data book content, including Dennis Chesters, Ruth Cholvibul, Jonathan Chow, Gustave Comeyne, Lauren Gaches, Craig Keeler, Michael Kimberling, William Lebair, Marc Rafal, Chris Rollins, Michelle Smith, and the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group (AWG) Imagery Team. We would also like to thank Michael Ames for the front and back cover artwork. Lastly, we would like to acknowledge Ashton Armstrong for her leadership in integrating the first draft of this book, and Diana Schuler for taking over as book manager, providing the final review and edits, and seeing the data book to completion and publishing. ix This page left blank x 1. Mission Overview Mission Goals The goals for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)
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