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Final Report for WEEMA International Final Report for WEEMA International SIPA’s Economic and Political Development Workshop in Development Practice Improving household livelihoods with modern beekeeping and honey production in Ethiopia May 9, 2016 Yiyi Dong Kwadwo Frimpong Robel Haile Min Liu Anna Mary Schaffer Lucas Valente da Costa COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS Workshop in Development Practice Professor Eugenia McGill Spring 2016 Final Report for WEEMA International “Improving Household Livelihoods with Modern Beekeeping and Honey Production” May 9, 2016 Team members Yiyi Dong ([email protected]) Kwadwo Frimpong ([email protected]) Robel Haile ([email protected]) Min Liu ([email protected]) Anna Mary Schaffer ([email protected]) Lucas Valente da Costa ([email protected]) 2 ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር “When spider webs unite, they can tie up a lion” This is an old Ethiopian proverb that many of our interviewees brought up during our research. In the context of cooperatives, it provides a good opening for the rationale behind recommending the formation of one. 3 Acknowledgements The findings on this report were made possible by the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), at Columbia University and WEEMA International. The team of graduate students who produced this report would like to extend a heartfelt thanks to SIPA, WEEMA International, Holeta Research Center, Biovision Ethiopia, ACDI/VOCA Ethiopia, SNV Ethiopia, Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA), GIZ Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Apiculture Board (EAB), COMEL Pvt. Ltd. Co, Apimondia, Zenbaba Union, Tutu Honey, Slow Food Foundation and the people of Kololo and Mudula, Ethiopia. We would like to extend additional thanks to the following individuals: Assefa Amaledegne Jenny McGill Roba Bulga Jilo Beza Hailu Jim Krigbaum Samuel Thomas Ledermann Daniel Gebremeskel Juergen Greiling (Dr.) Scott Martin (Dr.) Daniel Kebede Kahlyn Keilty-Lucas Sintayehu Mengistie Eldad Girma Begashaw Kinfe Mamo Solomon Mengesha Elizabeth McGovern (M.D) Lianna Tabar Tewodros Belachew Eugenia McGill Lulseged Belayhun Wondwosen Tsegaye Gemechis Legesse Negash Bekena Wubishet Hailemariam Ilona Vinklerova Paulos Desalegne Yohannes Tsehai 4 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................. 7 TECHNICAL TERMS ............................................................................................................................... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 9 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 11 Project Rationale ................................................................................................................................. 12 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 12 WEEMA International ............................................................................................................. 12 Political Context ....................................................................................................................... 14 Economic Context .................................................................................................................... 15 SNNPR and Kembata Tembaro ............................................................................................. 15 Honey Production in Ethiopia ............................................................................................... 16 Major Actors Shaping the Honey Sector ............................................................................... 17 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Phase I: Development of initial work plan and research framework ............................... 19 Phase II: Desk research and contact sourcing ...................................................................... 19 Phase III: January field work .................................................................................................. 19 Phase IV: Analysis and initial recommendations ................................................................ 20 Phase V: March field work ...................................................................................................... 20 Phase VI: Analysis and final recommendations .................................................................. 20 Limitations and Constraints ................................................................................................... 20 FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................................... 22 Honey Production ............................................................................................................................... 23 Regions ...................................................................................................................................... 23 Issues in Honey Production .................................................................................................... 25 Honey Market ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Major value chains relating to smallholder beekeepers ..................................................... 28 Demand ..................................................................................................................................... 31 Market Distortions and Inefficiencies ................................................................................... 36 Rural versus Urban Consumer Preferences ......................................................................... 38 Other bee products: wax and propolis .................................................................................. 39 Shaping the Market .................................................................................................................. 40 Cooperatives ............................................................................................................................. 41 5 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 44 1. Conduct a baseline survey to understand the current production capacity ........................... 45 2. Encourage WEEMA to promote market awareness training .................................................... 46 3. Continue with capacity training for the beekeepers ................................................................... 47 4. Initiate the process of cooperative formation ............................................................................... 47 5. Expand relations of the newly formed cooperative to large market players i.e. unions and/or processors ................................................................................................................................. 48 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................ 49 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 51 INTERVIEWS CONDUCTED .............................................................................................................. 55 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................................. 56 Annex I. Summary of recommendations with idea of timeline .................................................... 57 Annex II. Details of conducting a baseline survey to understand the current production capacity .................................................................................................................................................. 58 Annex III. Details of encouraging WEEMA to promote awareness training .............................. 61 Annex IV. Details of continuing with capacity training for the beekeepers ................................ 63 Annex V. Details of initiating the process of cooperative formation ............................................ 65 Annex VI. Details of expanding relations of the newly formed cooperative to large market players i.e. unions and/or processors ................................................................................................ 67 Annex VII. Summary of interviewees’ current use of beeswax .................................................... 68 Annex VIII. Field trips photo album ................................................................................................. 69 6 LIST OF ACRONYMS ACDI/VOCA Agricultural Cooperative Development International/Volunteer In Overseas in Cooperative Assistance ASPIRE Apiculture Scaling-up Program Income for Employment EAB Ethiopian Apiculture Board EPRDF Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front EU European Union FCA Federal Cooperative Agency of Ethiopia FHI Food for Hunger International GDP Gross Domestic Product GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German
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