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3D Modelling and Assessment of Tidal Current Energy Resources in the Bay of Fundy

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3D Modelling and Assessment of Tidal Current Energy Resources in the Bay of Fundy 3D Modelling and Assessment of Tidal Current Energy Resources in the Bay of Fundy N. Durand, A. Cornett, S. Bourban Technical Report CHC-TR-052 April 2008 3D MODELLING AND ASSESSMENT OF TIDAL CURRENT ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE BAY OF FUNDY Technical Report CHC-TR-052 April 2008 N. Durand, A. Cornett, S. Bourban Canadian Hydraulics Centre National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada CHC-TR-52 i Abstract The development and application of a high-resolution three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of tidal flows in the Bay of Fundy is described in this report. The model has been calibrated and verified against water level measurements, velocity measurements and tide table predictions. Following successful calibration and verification, the model has been employed to simulate three-dimensional tidal flows in the Bay of Fundy during a 15-day period containing average spring and neap conditions. Results from this 15-day period can be considered to be representative of conditions during a full year. Simulation results for seven areas with substantial kinetic energy resources are presented and discussed in detail. These areas are Minas Passage, Petit Passage, Grand Passage and Digby Gut in Nova Scotia, and Western Passage, Head Harbour Passage and Letete Passage in New Brunswick. Information on the spatial distribution and temporal variation of the currents and the kinetic power density is presented for each area. These simulation results provide a more detailed and more accurate picture of the scale and attributes of the tidal current energy resource throughout the Bay than was previously available. The main deliverable of this study is the development of a computer application that provides a diverse community of interested stakeholders with direct and easy access to the full three- dimensional simulation results described in this report. This application is named MarKE – Fundy3D, which stands for “Marine Kinetic Energy Explorer”. While providing information on tidal currents and kinetic energy resources throughout the Bay, MarKE-Fundy3D also provides users with the ability to forecast the power production from hypothetical energy conversion devices installed at any location and elevation within the water column. MarKE-Fundy3D can be used to obtain a detailed understanding of the resource, including its temporal and spatial attributes, and to conduct “what-if” evaluations of alternative sites. CHC-TR-52 ii Table of Contents Page Abstract.........................................................................................................................................................i Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ii List of Tables ..............................................................................................................................................iii List of Figures.............................................................................................................................................iv 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background.........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Terms of Reference.............................................................................................................................2 1.3 Report outline......................................................................................................................................4 2. Numerical model development ..............................................................................................................5 2.1 The TELEMAC System......................................................................................................................5 2.2 Representation of the Bay of Fundy in the numerical model..............................................................6 2.3 Bathymetry for the 3D hydrodynamic model .....................................................................................7 2.4 Boundary conditions for the 3D hydrodynamic model.......................................................................9 3. Calibration and validation of the 3D hydrodynamic model..............................................................10 3.1 Calibration and validation events......................................................................................................10 3.2 Calibration / validation of the 3D hydrodynamic model ..................................................................12 3.3 Additional verification of the 3D hydrodynamic model ...................................................................19 4. Simulation Results and Tidal Energy Resource Assessment ............................................................25 4.1 Previous Assessments of Kinetic Energy Resources ........................................................................25 4.2 Simulation Results for Selected Areas in Nova Scotia .....................................................................27 4.2.1 Petit Passage and Grand Passage.............................................................................................30 4.2.2 Digby Gut...................................................................................................................................50 4.2.3 Minas Passage ...........................................................................................................................64 4.3 Simulation Results for Selected Areas in New Brunswick...............................................................78 4.3.1 Letete Passage ...........................................................................................................................86 4.3.2 Western Passage........................................................................................................................92 4.3.3 Head Harbour Passage..............................................................................................................99 5. Conclusions & Recommendations .....................................................................................................107 6. Acknowledgement ...............................................................................................................................109 7. References............................................................................................................................................109 CHC-TR-52 iii List of Tables Page Table 1 – Location of the hydrodynamic calibration and validation points................................................10 Table 2 – Tidal heights and mean water level at Yarmouth. ......................................................................11 Table 3 – Average spring and average neap conditions at Yarmouth.........................................................12 Table 4 – 3D hydrodynamic model calibration results, average spring tide...............................................15 Table 5 – 3D hydrodynamic model validation results, average neap tide. .................................................18 Table 6 – Comparison of surface current predictions in Grand Manan Channel........................................19 Table 7 – Summary of tidal kinetic energy resources in the Bay of Fundy (Reference 11). ......................26 Table 8 – Summary of tidal in-stream energy resources in the Bay of Fundy (Reference 7 and Reference 8)..............................................................................................................................27 Table 9 – Location of the analysis points in Petit Passage and Grand Passage. .........................................30 Table 10 – Colour scale for power density roses in Petit and Grand Passages...........................................32 Table 11 – Location of the analysis points at Digby Gut............................................................................50 Table 12 – Colour scale for power density roses at Digby Gut. .................................................................52 Table 13 – Location of the analysis points in Minas Passage.....................................................................64 Table 14 – Colour scale for power density roses in Minas Passage. ..........................................................66 Table 15 – Location of the analysis points in Letete Passage.....................................................................86 Table 16 – Colour scale for power density roses in Letete Passage. ..........................................................87 Table 17 – Location of the analysis points in Western Passage. ................................................................92 Table 18 – Location of the analysis points in Head Harbour Passage. .......................................................99 Table 19 – Colour scale for power density roses in Head Harbour Passage.............................................100 Table 20 – Summary of predicted mean power densities at potential sites in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. .....................................................................................................................................108 CHC-TR-52 iv List of Figures Page Figure 1 – Extent and grid resolution of the 3D hydrodynamic model.........................................................7
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