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Science and Technology RMUTT Journal Science and Technology Vol.7 No.2 (2017) : 1–14 www.sci.rmutt.ac.th/stj RMUTT Journal Online ISSN 2229-1547 Diversity of some organisms in Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Mae Rim Campus, Chiang Mai Province Nattida Supahan1,2 Tatporn Kunpradid1,2 Atinut Joradol1,2 and Pongpan Leelahakriengkrai1,2* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University 202 Chang Puak Road, Tambon Chang Puak, Maung, Chiangmai, 50300, Thailand. 2Biodiversity Research and Implementation for Community, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, 202 Chang Puak Road, Tambon Chang Puak, Maung, Chiangmai, 50300, Thailand. *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The objective of this research is to study the diversity of phytoplankton, benthos, plants, birds, as well as water and soil quality in the area of Mae Rim Campus of Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Mae Rim district in Chiang Mai province in Thailand. This research was conducted from October 2013 to September 2014. The study found that there were 5 divisions of phytoplankton consisting of 31 species from 22 genera with Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Staurastrum smithii, Cosmarium contractum and Staurastrum sp. as being most prominent. Two phyla consisting of 12 families from 8 Orders of benthos were found and the most abundance species were Macrobrachium sp. (freshwater prawns) and Rhagadotarsus sp. (water striders). Furthermore12 families consisting of 15 species of plants were found, and the most abundance species were Dipterocarpus tuberculatus and Shorea siamensis. Moreover, 15 orders consisting of 106 species from 77 genera within 43 families of birds were also found. That includes 83 resident species, 22 were winter visitors species and one passage migrant species. The concentration of nutrient in the soil was classified as low. The analysis showed that the amount of phosphorus and potassium in soil were 4.50-5.07 mg/kg and 35.67-95.67 mg/kg, respectively. However, from a biodiversity perspective, it can be concluded that the terrestrial and Received: April 25, 2017 Revised: December 26, 2017 Accepted: December 27, 2017 2 Sci. & Tech. RMUTT J. Vol.7 No.2 (2017) aquatic ecosystem in Mae Rim Campus, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University is suitable for using as local learning areas for students and communities. In addition, the university can use the database of this study to make decisions and to develop a policy on campus development in the future. Keywords: phytoplankton, benthos, plants, birds 1. Introduction conservation of its natural resources. In the past, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Mae several scientific research conducted on the Rim Campus, is located in Saluang and Khee Lek campus focused on specific groups and District, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai. It has a total area perspectives [1-2] . However, there has been no of approximately 10 km2. The terrain is generally research to show proof or concrete evidence on hilly and wild with abundant natural resources and biodiversity within this area that are recognized high level of biodiversity. The forested area is of nationally or internationally. deciduous-dipterocarp, inherited by many birds This research will be the first study of its and small mammals. In addition, the campus has kind in the northern region to show the several man-made reservoirs which were built as a composition of organisms, consisting of both back-up water resource for use in campus. Many producers such as phytoplankton, benthic, plants plants, algae and animals can be found close to and consumers such as birds, and also, to assess these reservoirs where animals use as shelter and the properties of water and soil on the campus in for finding food. order to fulfill educational aspects of the Plant Through the years, the campus has been Genetic Conservation Project initiated by H.R.H. expanded in many ways. The infrastructure such as Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. In this study, the roads, man-made reservoirs, office buildings, concept of sustainability of soil-water-forest academic buildings and auditoriums have been relations was also used in the research process [3]. constructed for various purposes. Trees were cut The results of this research will be served as a down to serve these expansions which has caused database on biodiversity, chemical and physical the decrease in habitats and population of animals properties of water and soil, and for future and other wildlife. Considering these issues, it is planning and preventing the environmental obvious that the University itself has a policy to problems relating to natural resources in the area develop the area for academic purpose. However, for every sections such as the stake holder, local the University appears to have no policy on the communities and university policy maker. Sci. & Tech. RMUTT J. Vol.7 No.2 (2017) 3 2. Materials and Experiment 2.2 Collection of phytoplankton and benthos 2.1 Study sites and period Samples of phytoplankton were collected Study areas are located in Chiang Mai by filtering 10 liters of water with a 10 µm pore Rajabhat University, Mae Rim Campus, Chiang size plankton net. The samples were preserved in Mai Province, as shown in Figure 1. The type of Lugol's solution, and were identified and counted forest is mostly deciduous-dipterocarp. Tung Piang using relevant books and documents [4-7]. Benthos ( 19°01'49. 74" N 98°54'27. 02" E, Saluang Nai samples were collected by sweep sampling method (19°01'23.97"N 98°55'03.59"E) and Wiang Bua with a pond net (1.4 X 1.4 mm meshes) and were (19°01'33.90" N 98°55'59.74" E) reservoirs were preserved in 70% ethanol [8-9]. The aquatic insect selected to study phytoplankton and benthos samples were sorted, identified and counted diversity. The areas of 2.14 km2 were separated to according to the relevant books and documents four plots consisting of plot A (0. 18 km2, such as McCafferty [10], Stehr [11], Wiggins [12], 19°01'42. 82" N 98°54'40. 19" E) , B (0. 59 km2, Sangpradub and Boonsoong [13], Merritt et al. [14]. 19°02'09. 98" N 98°54'27. 47" E), C (0. 51 km2, 2.3 Collection of plant 19°02'03.57"N 98°54'55.28"E) and D (0.86 km2, Four plots of 40 x 40 m2 were randomly 19°01'44.35"N 98°55'05.85"E) to study plants and selected across the area for collecting plant birds diversity. The data collection period was samples. Numbers of species found were counted. from October 2013 to September 2014. Orders, families, specific names and common names were also recorded. The leaves, flowers and fruits were collected as a herbarium with labels of order, family and species. Some samples were conserved in suitable liquid preservatives. Photos of all samples were taken and their common and scientific names were identified using related books and references such as Spilsbury and Figure 1 Aerial photograph of the Chiang Mai Spilsbury [15], Gardner et al. [16], Samitinun [17]. Rajabhat University, Mae Rim Campus and Then, list of plant names and the numbers of plant sampling sites. species were put in order. 4 Sci. & Tech. RMUTT J. Vol.7 No.2 (2017) 2.4 Bird survey 3. Results and Discussion Bird surveys were conducted on foot in 3.1 Phytoplankton and benthos each study plot four times every month, from 0600 According to the study of the biological h to 0900 h and/or 1500 h to 1800 h. The study diversity of phytoplankton in three reservoirs, total routes were determined by using the line transects. numbers of six phyla of phytoplankton were found, The distance of routes was not over 2 km. It was consisting of 11 orders, 17 families, 22 genera, 31 set to explore both left and right sides perpendicular species (Table 1). All phytoplankton species found to the path not over 25 m. Binoculars were used to in the reservoirs were acknowledged as a common search for the location of birds from the ground species that could be found in lentic ecosystems level, in grass, bushes and up to the tall trees. throughout Thailand [22]. Six phyla, 8 orders, 11 Subsequently, bird species were identified and families, 14 genera, 19 species of phytoplankton confirmed using the bird guide [ 18] . Numbers, were found. Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Trachelomonas behavior, time and date of findings were also oblonga, and Pediastrum simplex were found to be recorded. Correlation of birds and area conditions the dominant species in Wiang Bua reservoir. Five were studied by using the data extracted from the phyla, 6 orders, 9 families, 10 genera, 13 species recorded information. of phytoplankton were found and Staurastrum 2.5 Measuring water and soil quality smithii, Staurastrum sp. and A. falcatus were found The physical and chemical factors of to be the dominant species in Tung Piang water including water temperature, pH, turbidity, reservoir. Five phyla, 7 orders, 8 families, 9 conductivity, DO, BOD5, nitrate nitrogen, as well genera, 11 species of phytoplankton were found as ammonium nitrogen and orthophosphate values and Staurastrum sp., Cosmarium contractum and were measured according to the methods described Planktolyngbya limnetica were found to be the by the American Public Health Association et al. dominant species in Saluang Nai reservoir. [19] . Trophic status of the water was classified Moreover, the phytoplanktons which were found using the Applied Algal Research Laboratory- in Wiang Bua reservoir have been reported as Physical and Chemical Score ( AARL-PC Score) potential indicators of mesotrophic to eutrophic [20]. The physical and chemical properties of soil status. The phytoplankton found in Tung Piang and including total nitrogen, available phosphorus, Saluang Nai reservoirs have been reported as available potassium, organic matters, pH and soil potential indicators of oligotrophic status [20].
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