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Document De Base Le télétravail ENJEUX ET DÉFIS Guide d’information et d’implantation Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay et Geneviève Demers Table des matières CHAPITRE 1 : QU’EST-CE QUE LE TÉLÉTRAVAIL? ............................................................ 6 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 6 LE TÉLÉTRAVAIL : UNE VUE D’ENSEMBLE ............................................................................. 6 Le contexte de développement du télétravail ....................................................................................... 11 Les caractéristiques organisationnelles du télétravail en Europe et au Québec ................................... 15 Le télétravail à domicile au Canada et au Québec : qui le pratique et pourquoi? ................................. 26 Les motifs et les impacts du télétravail : points de vue divers............................................................... 33 Démystifier le télétravail ........................................................................................................................ 47 Des exemples de réussite d’intégration du télétravail au Canada ......................................................... 48 Références ....................................................................................................................... 51 CHAPITRE 2 : LES ASPECTS ORGANISATIONNELS ET GESTIONNAIRES DU TÉLÉTRAVAIL 59 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 59 PARTIE 1 L’IMPLANTATION DU TÉLÉTRAVAIL : FACTEURS, PRINCIPES ET STRATÉGIES CLÉS .......................................................................................................................... 59 Les attitudes .................................................................................................................... 59 Comprendre les enjeux du télétravail ................................................................................ 60 Établir une gestion axée sur les objectifs et les résultats .................................................... 60 Les principes et la démarche par objectifs ou résultats ......................................................................... 61 Garder le contact et recevoir du soutien............................................................................ 63 Les rencontres en face-à-face ................................................................................................................ 64 Contrer les distances .............................................................................................................................. 64 Offrir différentes sources d’appui .......................................................................................................... 67 Être à l’écoute des attentes individuelles et promouvoir l’esprit d’équipe ........................................... 71 L’engagement de tous les acteurs ..................................................................................... 72 La planification, la démarche et la nature du programme de télétravail ............................. 72 Penser aux carrières ......................................................................................................... 74 Assurer la gestion des connaissances à distance ................................................................ 78 La gestion des connaissances : quelques conseils clés .......................................................................... 81 Gérer la performance d’un programme de télétravail ........................................................ 88 L’étude de faisabilité .............................................................................................................................. 92 L’évaluation périodique ......................................................................................................................... 92 L’évaluation de bilan .............................................................................................................................. 92 L’importance de la gestion de la performance ...................................................................................... 93 L’accompagnement et les défis « virtuels » ....................................................................... 94 Choisir avec soin les télésuperviseurs ................................................................................ 97 Les caractéristiques des télésuperviseurs performants ......................................................................... 98 Les habiletés et les compétences requises chez le télésuperviseur ...................................................... 98 Les connaissances requises chez le télésuperviseur .............................................................................. 99 Les pratiques de gestion des télésuperviseurs à distance .................................................. 101 La planification du travail individuel et collectif .................................................................................. 101 Le suivi ou l’encadrement .................................................................................................................... 102 Le soutien ............................................................................................................................................. 102 La reconnaissance du rendement ........................................................................................................ 102 Choisir avec soin les télétravailleurs ................................................................................. 106 Les caractéristiques de l’emploi et du poste des télétravailleurs ........................................................ 106 Les habiletés et les compétences requises chez le télétravailleur ....................................................... 108 Les qualités requises chez le télétravailleur ......................................................................................... 110 Les connaissances requises chez le télétravailleur .............................................................................. 111 Les perceptions et les attitudes du télétravailleur ............................................................................... 111 Les caractéristiques de la carrière ........................................................................................................ 113 La famille et l’aménagement résidentiel .............................................................................................. 113 Les pratiques productives des télétravailleurs ..................................................................................... 116 La gestion des télétravailleurs et des télésuperviseurs transfrontaliers : quelques stratégies à succès ............................................................................................................................. 117 La sélection des télétravailleurs transfrontaliers ................................................................................. 119 La sélection des télésuperviseurs transfrontaliers ............................................................................... 121 L’analyse stratégique des distances culturelles ................................................................................... 122 Le questionnement stratégique ........................................................................................................... 126 L’élaboration du contenu stratégique .................................................................................................. 126 Le déploiement de la stratégie et de la culture ................................................................................... 126 Des conseils pour le management à distance d’équipes virtuelles multiculturelles ........................... 130 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 131 PARTIE 2 LA DÉMARCHE D’IMPLANTATION ET LES OUTILS DE GESTION DU TÉLÉTRAVAIL ................................................................................................................................134 La démarche d’implantation du télétravail ....................................................................... 134 Phase 1 : L’Analyse (réflexion et concertation) .................................................................................... 135 Phase 2 : La Conception du programme de télétravail ........................................................................ 149 Phase 3 : L’implantation des changements .......................................................................................... 187 Phase 4 : La gestion et l’évaluation du projet ...................................................................................... 188 L’Étape d’extension .............................................................................................................................. 188 Références ...................................................................................................................... 191 CHAPITRE 3 : LES ASPECTS JURIDIQUES DU TÉLÉTRAVAIL .......................................... 203 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 203 Les enjeux juridiques du télétravail au Canada et au Québec ...........................................
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