Transition from Ipv4 to Ipv6: a State-Of-The-Art Survey Peng Wu, Yong Cui, Jianping Wu, Jiangchuan Liu, Chris Metz
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President's Corner
TAPR PSR #137 Winter 2018 President’s Corner By Steve Bible, N7HPR TAPR will be at the HamSCI Workshop <https://tinyurl.com/y8errhsu > on February 23 and 24 at the New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark. I, along with a handful of other TAPR officers and board members will attend the workshop, which will focus on the results of the 2017 Great American Eclipse ham radio ionospheric experiment and the development of a Personal Space Weather station. As in the past, TAPR will be at Hamvention <http://www.hamvention.org> in May with a suite of booths, our highly regarded TAPR Forum and the annual TAPR- AMSAT Banquet, President’s Corner 01 In the fall, the 37th annual ARRL/TAPR Digital Communications Conference PulsePuppy 02 (DCC) will take place September 14-16 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Greg Jones Memorial Endowment 03 conference invites technical papers for presentation at the conference and for Phase 4 Space Kickoff 04 publication in the Conference Proceedings (presentation at the conference is not XC-3006 06 required for publication). Papers are due by July 31, 2018, to Maty Weinberg, Evangelizing Ham Radio Data Modes 07 Set Up an IPv6 Gateway on Packet 08 ARRL, 225 Main St., Newington, CT 06111 or via e-mail to [email protected]. The TAPR Wear Available 10 Conference website <http://www.tapr.org/dcc> has full details. Aruba on a Sloper 11 Hope to see you in Newark, Xenia and Albuquerque! N7DRB SK 12 Write Here! 13 73, On the Net 13 Steve Bible, N7HPR, President TAPR The Fine Print 14 ### Our Membership App 15 TAPR is a community that provides leadership and resources to radio amateurs for the purpose of advancing the radio art. -
Ipv4 Address Sharing Mechanism Classification And
This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING 1 IPv4 Address Sharing Mechanism Classification and Tradeoff Analysis Nejc Škoberne, Olaf Maennel, Iain Phillips, Randy Bush, Jan Zorz, and Mojca Ciglaric Abstract—The growth of the Internet has made IPv4 addresses andonlyone/22prefix (1024 IPv4 addresses). Such allocations a scarce resource. Due to slow IPv6 deployment, IANA-level IPv4 are too small to satisfy current growth rates. address exhaustion was reached before the world could transition The only long-term solution to the IPv4 address exhaustion to an IPv6-only Internet. The continuing need for IPv4 reacha- bility will only be supported by IPv4 address sharing. This paper problem is transition to the IPv6 protocol, which enables ad- reviews ISP-level address sharing mechanisms, which allow In- dressing large numbers of Internet devices [2]. However, today ternet service providers to connect multiple customers who share we observe little IPv6 deployment. IPv6 penetration at content a single IPv4 address. Some mechanisms come with severe and un- providers (top 500 Web sites) is about 24% globally [3] as of predicted consequences, and all of them come with tradeoffs. We March 15, 2013, while is somethingmorethan1%attheuser propose a novel classification, which we apply to existing mech- anisms such as NAT444 and DS-Lite and proposals such as 4rd, side [4] as of the same date. As IPv4 and IPv6 are incompatible, MAP, etc. Our tradeoff analysis reveals insights into many prob- IPv6 designers envisioned a dual-stack deployment [5], with the lems including: abuse attribution, performance degradation, ad- aim that by the time the IPv4 address space became depleted, dress and port usage efficiency, direct intercustomer communica- IPv6 would be universally deployed. -
Routing Loop Attacks Using Ipv6 Tunnels
Routing Loop Attacks using IPv6 Tunnels Gabi Nakibly Michael Arov National EW Research & Simulation Center Rafael – Advanced Defense Systems Haifa, Israel {gabin,marov}@rafael.co.il Abstract—IPv6 is the future network layer protocol for A tunnel in which the end points’ routing tables need the Internet. Since it is not compatible with its prede- to be explicitly configured is called a configured tunnel. cessor, some interoperability mechanisms were designed. Tunnels of this type do not scale well, since every end An important category of these mechanisms is automatic tunnels, which enable IPv6 communication over an IPv4 point must be reconfigured as peers join or leave the tun- network without prior configuration. This category includes nel. To alleviate this scalability problem, another type of ISATAP, 6to4 and Teredo. We present a novel class of tunnels was introduced – automatic tunnels. In automatic attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in these tunnels. These tunnels the egress entity’s IPv4 address is computationally attacks take advantage of inconsistencies between a tunnel’s derived from the destination IPv6 address. This feature overlay IPv6 routing state and the native IPv6 routing state. The attacks form routing loops which can be abused as a eliminates the need to keep an explicit routing table at vehicle for traffic amplification to facilitate DoS attacks. the tunnel’s end points. In particular, the end points do We exhibit five attacks of this class. One of the presented not have to be updated as peers join and leave the tunnel. attacks can DoS a Teredo server using a single packet. The In fact, the end points of an automatic tunnel do not exploited vulnerabilities are embedded in the design of the know which other end points are currently part of the tunnels; hence any implementation of these tunnels may be vulnerable. -
Ipv6 — an Introduction
IPv6 — An introduction Owen DeLong [email protected] Portions Copyright © 2009-2014 by Hurricane Electric, used under license to Owen DeLong More IPv4 NAT Are you fscking kidding me? ©2014 Black Lotus Communications IPv6 Transition -- How ready are we? n Things that are ready Backbones CMTS Systems (DOCSIS 3) MacOS (10.4+) Linux (2.6 Kernels) Windows (7, 2008, XP (limited)) WiMax (specification, head end equipment) LTE (some) CPE (very limited) Early Adopters and some industry experts Black Lotus Me ©2014 Black Lotus Communications IPv6 Transition -- How ready are we? ▪ Things that are NOT ready ➢ PON Systems ➢ DSL Systems ➢ CMTS Systems (DOCSIS 2) ➢ WDS/EVDO/HSPA ➢ WIMAX (handsets, providers) ➢ Older Windows (XP and earlier) ➢ Embedded systems ➢ Printers ➢ Home entertainment devices ➢ CPE (most) ➢ Most IT staff and management ©2014 Black Lotus Communications An Important Decision ▪ Which Approach will you take? IPv4 is just fine. IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack Now We just need MOAR NAT!! My dual stack network is running great! ©2014 Black Lotus Communications What we’ll cover ▪ Basics of IPv6 ▪ IPv6 Addressing Methods ➢ SLAAC ➢ DHCP ➢ Static ➢ Privacy ▪ Linux Configuration for Native Dual Stack ▪ IPv6 without a native backbone available ▪ Free IPv6? ©2014 Black Lotus Communications Some additional topics ▪ Routing ▪ Firewalls ▪ DNS ▪ Reverse DNS ▪ Troubleshooting ▪ Staff Training ©2014 Black Lotus Communications Basics: IPv4 vs. IPv6 Property IPv4 Address IPv6 Address Bits 32 128 Total address 3,758,096,384 unicast 42+ Undecilion assignable -
AWS Site-To-Site VPN User Guide AWS Site-To-Site VPN User Guide
AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide AWS Site-to-Site VPN: User Guide Copyright © Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon. All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Amazon. AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide Table of Contents What is Site-to-Site VPN ..................................................................................................................... 1 Concepts ................................................................................................................................... 1 Working with Site-to-Site VPN ..................................................................................................... 1 Site-to-Site VPN limitations ......................................................................................................... 2 Pricing ...................................................................................................................................... 2 How AWS Site-to-Site VPN works ........................................................................................................ 3 Site-to-Site VPN Components ..................................................................................................... -
Allied Telesis Solutions Tested Solution:Ipv6 Transition Technologies
Allied Telesis Solutions IPv6 Transition Technologies Tested Solution: IPv6 Transition Technologies Moving a network from IPv4 addressing to IPv6 addressing cannot be performed in a single step. The transition necessarily proceeds in stages, with islands of IPv6 developing within the IPv4 network, and gradually growing until they cover the whole network. During this transition process, the islands of IPv6 need to be able to communicate with each other across the IPv4 network. Additionally, it is desirable to be able to transition some network functions across to IPv6 while the majority of the network is still using IPv4. Allied Telesis provides robust solutions for IPv4-to-IPv6 network transitioning, using IPv6 tunneling and dual IPv4/IPv6 network management. The Allied Telesis IPv6 transition technologies integrate seamlessly with the complementary facilities provided within Microsoft server and workstation operating systems. The Allied Telesis IPv6 transition solution will be presented here by a detailed description of an example IPv4/IPv6 hybrid network, consisting of Allied Telesis switches and servers and workstations running various versions of Microsoft Windows Network topology The example network used in this example consists of two sections of IPv4 network, and a section of pure IPv6 network. IPv4 133.27.65.34 v4 router 139.72.129.56/24 Vista 136.34.23.11/24 133.27.65.2 6to4 host/router x600 6to4 relay XP 2002:8B48:8139::10/64 136.34.23.10/24 139.72.129.57/24 2002:8B48:8139:1001::12/64 6to4 host/router IPv6 router Server 2008 2002:8b48:8139:1003::12/642002:8b48:8139:1002::12/64 ISATAP router 2002:8b48:8139:1003::10/64 192.168.2.254 192.168.2.54 IPv6 v4 router Server 2008 192.168.3.254 2002:8b48:8139:1002::10/64 192.168.3.11 IPv4 8000S ISATAP The workstations in the upper IPv4 network are able to communicate using both IPv4 and IPv6. -
VRF-Aware Ipv6 Rapid Deployment Tunnel
VRF-Aware IPv6 Rapid Deployment Tunnel Virtual Routing and Forwarding - aware tunnels are used to connect customer networks separated by untrusted core networks or core networks with different infrastructures (IPv4 or IPv6). The VRF-Aware IPv6 Rapid Deployment Tunnel feature extends Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) awareness to IPv6 rapid deployment tunnels. • Finding Feature Information, on page 1 • Restrictions for the VRF-Aware IPv6 Rapid Deployment Tunnel, on page 1 • Information About the VRF-Aware IPv6 Rapid Deployment Tunnel, on page 2 • How to Configure the VRF-Aware IPv6 Rapid Deployment Tunnel, on page 2 • Feature Information for the VRF-Aware IPv6 Rapid Deployment Tunnel , on page 10 Finding Feature Information Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest feature information and caveats, see the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module. Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required. Restrictions for the VRF-Aware IPv6 Rapid Deployment Tunnel The VRF- Aware IPv6 Rapid Deployment Tunnel feature has the following restrictions: • The incoming physical interface, and the tunnel interface should have the same VRF instance defined. • The tunnel transport VRF and the egress physical interface, through which the traffic leaves should have the same VRF instance defined. -
Internet Engineering Task Force G. Chen Internet-Draft T
Internet Engineering Task Force G. Chen Internet-Draft T. Yang Intended status: Informational L. Li Expires: January 5, 2012 H. Deng China Mobile July 4, 2011 IPv6 Practices on China Mobile IP Bearer Network draft-chen-v6ops-ipv6-bearer-network-trials-00 Abstract This memo has introduced IPv6 practices on China Mobile IP bearer network, in which IP backbone network and broadband access routers have been covered. In the practice, IPv6 protocol conformance and data packages forwarding capabiliteis have been tested in multi- vendors environments. Several IPv6 transition schemes have been deployed to validate interoperabilities. Based on concrete testing data, IPv6-enable deployment experiencies have been learned to share with community. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on January 5, 2012. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust’s Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. -
Best Practices for Deploying Ipv6 Over Broadband Access
WHITE PAPER Best Practices for Deploying IPv6 over Broadband Access www.ixiacom.com 915-0123-01 Rev. D, January 2016 2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................. 4 IPv6 Solutions for Broadband Access......................................................... 4 Translation ................................................................................................... 5 Tunneling ..................................................................................................... 5 Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite) ............................................................................ 5 IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) ...................................................................... 6 Dual-Stack ................................................................................................... 8 How Dual-Stack PPP works ....................................................................... 8 Test Requirements ....................................................................................... 9 Testing Tunneling ......................................................................................... 9 Testing Dual-Stack PPP ............................................................................. 11 Conclusion ..................................................................................................12 3 Introduction Service Providers: The IPv6 Bell Tolls for Thee! After more than a decade of forewarning, the IPv4 to IPv6 transition has -
By Steve Guendert, Ph.D. Long-Distance Extension Networks Between Data Centers
Fibre Channel over Internet Protocol ver the past decade, extension networks for storage have become commonplace and continue to grow in size and importance. Growth isn’t limited to new Odeployments but also involves the expansion of existing deployments. Requirements for data protection will never Basics for ease, as the economies of many countries depend on successful and continued business operations; thus, laws have been passed mandating data protection. Modern-day dependence on remote data replication (RDR) means there’s little tolerance for lapses that leave data vulnerable to loss. In IBM mainframe environments, reliable and resilient networks—to the point of no frame loss and in-order frame delivery—are necessary for error-free operation, high performance and operational ease. This improves availability, reduces risk and operating expenses and, most important of all, reduces risk of data loss. A previous article, “Storage Networking Business Mainframers Continuity Solutions” (Enterprise Tech Journal, October/ November 2013, available at http://entsys.me/ixond), introduced the various topologies and protocols used for the networks associated with business continuity, disaster recovery and continuous availability (BC/DR/CA). This article focuses in-depth on one of those protocols— Fibre Channel over Internet Protocol (FCIP)—and how it’s used in a mainframe environment to provide By Steve Guendert, Ph.D. long-distance extension networks between data centers. B • Enterprise Tech Journal • Winter 2013/2014Enterprise Tech Journal • Winter 2013/2014 Because of the higher costs of long-distance dark fiber FC devices in the fabric are unaware of the presence of the connectivity compared with other communications IP network. -
Vista Network Attack Surface Analysis and Teredo Security Implications Dr
Vista Network Attack Surface Analysis and Teredo Security Implications Dr. James Hoagland, Principal Security Researcher Work with Ollie Whitehouse, Tim Newsham, Matt Conover, Oliver Friedrichs Symantec Security Response – Advanced Threat Research BlackHat Briefings, 2 August 2007 Main Take-Away from this Talk • The network stack in Windows Vista is quite different than the one in Windows XP – So you may need to adapt how you do things as a result • Teredo has a number of security concerns – Watch out for it tunneling on your networks Symantec Advanced Threat Research Vista Network Attack Surface Analysis and Teredo Security Impl. 2 Windows Vista Network Attack Surface Analysis • We examined the security-relevant aspects of Vista, from the point of view of the network – Part of Advanced Threat Research’s review of Vista – Our motive: lots of systems will be running Vista so it’s important to know what to expect – A very broad review, from layer 2 to 5 – We dug fairly deep into some areas • Results here are mostly from the out-of-the-box configuration with release (RTM) build of Vista • Full details of this analysis are available in: – Windows Vista Network Attack Surface Analysis – By Jim Hoagland, Matt Conover, Tim Newsham, Ollie Whitehouse – http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/Vista_Network_Attack_Surface_RTM.pdf Symantec Advanced Threat Research Vista Network Attack Surface Analysis and Teredo Security Impl. 3 Teredo Security Implications • We also conducted analysis of the security implications of Teredo • Teredo is a genus of shipworms • Shipworms are not worms at all, they are considered mollusks • Significant concerns for wooden ships, pilings, etc – They bore holes in wood – So you need to watch out for it Symantec Advanced Threat Research Vista Network Attack Surface Analysis and Teredo Security Impl. -
Ipv6 Multicast Layer 3 Features
Chapter 13 IPv6 Multicast Support Prerequisites for IPv6 Multicast 13 IPv6 Multicast Support • Prerequisites for IPv6 Multicast, page 13-1 • Restrictions for IPv6 Multicast, page 13-1 • Information About IPv6 Multicast Support, page 13-2 • How to Configure IPv6 Multicast Support, page 13-4 • Verifying the IPv6 Multicast Layer 3 Configuration, page 13-4 Tip For additional information about Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches (including configuration examples and troubleshooting information), see the documents listed on this page: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps708/tsd_products_support_series_home.html Participate in the Technical Documentation Ideas forum Prerequisites for IPv6 Multicast None. Restrictions for IPv6 Multicast • The PFC and DFCs provide hardware support for the following: – Completely switched IPv6 multicast flows – IPv6 PIM-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) (S,G) and (*,G) forwarding – Multicast RPF check for IPv6 PIM-SM (S,G) traffic using the NetFlow table – Rate limiting of IPv6 PIM-SM (S,G) traffic that fails the multicast RPF check – Static IPv6 multicast routes – SSM Mapping for IPv6 (PIM-SSM) – IPv6 multicast forwarding information base (MFIB) using the NetFlow table – IPv6 distributed MFIB (dMFIB) using the NetFlow table – Link-local and link-global IPv6 multicast scopes – Egress multicast replication with the ipv6 mfib hardware-switching command – Ingress interface statistics for multicast routes (egress interface statistics not available) – RPR and RPR+ redundancy mode (see Chapter 9, “Route Processor Redundancy