International Conference on Ruminant Phylogenetics Munich 03.-06
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Browsing and Non-Browsing Extant and Extinct Giraffids Evidence From
Browsing and non-browsing extant and extinct giraffids Evidence from dental microwear textural analysis Gildas Merceron, Marc Colyn, Denis Geraads To cite this version: Gildas Merceron, Marc Colyn, Denis Geraads. Browsing and non-browsing extant and extinct giraffids Evidence from dental microwear textural analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecol- ogy, Elsevier, 2018, 505, pp.128-139. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.05.036. hal-01834854v2 HAL Id: hal-01834854 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01834854v2 Submitted on 6 Sep 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Browsing and non-browsing extant and extinct giraffids: evidence from dental microwear 2 textural analysis. 3 4 Gildas MERCERON1, Marc COLYN2, Denis GERAADS3 5 6 1 Palevoprim (UMR 7262, CNRS & Université de Poitiers, France) 7 2 ECOBIO (UMR 6553, CNRS & Université de Rennes 1, Station Biologique de Paimpont, 8 France) 9 3 CR2P (UMR 7207, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, France) 10 11 1Corresponding author: [email protected] 12 13 Abstract: 14 15 Today, the family Giraffidae is restricted to two genera endemic to the African 16 continent, Okapia and Giraffa, but, with over ten genera and dozens of species, it was far 17 more diverse in the Old World during the late Miocene. -
Suitable Habitat Modeling of Prehistoric Antelope-Like Bovid Duboisia Santeng in Java Island in the Early Pleistocene Andriwibowo*
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 16 September 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0355.v1 Suitable Habitat Modeling of Prehistoric Antelope-like Bovid Duboisia Santeng in Java Island in The Early Pleistocene Andriwibowo* Keywords: Abstract Bovid, forest, habitat, model, The migration routes have facilitated the distribution of mammals from south Pleistocene east Asian mainland to the Sundaland including Java island in the early Pleistocene. One of species that has migrated through that route is antelope-like bovid Duboisia santeng. In the present study, the potential distribution areas and the suitable habitats of D. santeng have been projected and modeled. The modeled habitat was a forest river basin sizing 302.91 Ha in the central of Java island. The model has classified and reconstructed the habitat suitability ranged *Email: paleobio2020@gmail from low to high back to Pleistocene. The surrounding areas of forest were .com mostly classified as medium and low related to the limited tree covers. Most *Address: suitable habitats were identified in the middle of forest river basin where the U. o. Indonesia, West Java, Indonesia tree covers were presented. Introduction The adaptation and distribution of prehistoric mammals were favoured by migration routes. Presences of large mammal fossil from Indochinese and Sundaic provinces, which are distinct climatically, floristically, and faunistically support the hypothesis of a continental migration route during the middle and late Pleistocene periods. During the glacial periods, the faunal exchanges were favored by the emersion of a huge continental shelf known as Sundaland. This emerged land connected the South East Asian mainland to Borneo and other Indonesia islands including Java island. -
Astragalar Morphology of Selected Giraffidae
RESEARCH ARTICLE Astragalar Morphology of Selected Giraffidae Nikos Solounias1,2☯*, Melinda Danowitz1☯ 1 Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States of America, 2 Department of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, United States of America ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] Abstract The artiodactyl astragalus has been modified to exhibit two trochleae, creating a double pullied structure allowing for significant dorso-plantar motion, and limited mediolateral motion. The astragalus structure is partly influenced by environmental substrates, and cor- respondingly, morphometric studies can yield paleohabitat information. The present study establishes terminology and describes detailed morphological features on giraffid astragali. Each giraffid astragalus exhibits a unique combination of anatomical characteristics. The giraffid astragalar morphologies reinforce previously established phylogenetic relationships. We find that the enlargement of the navicular head is a feature shared by all giraffids, and that the primitive giraffids possess exceptionally tall astragalar heads in relation to the total astragalar height. The sivatheres and the okapi share a reduced notch on the lateral edge OPEN ACCESS of the astragalus. We find that Samotherium is more primitive in astragalar morphologies Citation: Solounias N, Danowitz M (2016) Astragalar than Palaeotragus, which is reinforced -
Fossil Bovidae from the Malay Archipelago and the Punjab
FOSSIL BOVIDAE FROM THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO AND THE PUNJAB by Dr. D. A. HOOIJER (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden) with pls. I-IX CONTENTS Introduction 1 Order Artiodactyla Owen 8 Family Bovidae Gray 8 Subfamily Bovinae Gill 8 Duboisia santeng (Dubois) 8 Epileptobos groeneveldtii (Dubois) 19 Hemibos triquetricornis Rütimeyer 60 Hemibos acuticornis (Falconer et Cautley) 61 Bubalus palaeokerabau Dubois 62 Bubalus bubalis (L.) subsp 77 Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois 78 Bibos javanicus (d'Alton) subsp 98 Subfamily Caprinae Gill 99 Capricornis sumatraensis (Bechstein) subsp 99 Literature cited 106 Explanation of the plates 11o INTRODUCTION The Bovidae make up a very large portion of the Dubois collection of fossil vertebrates from Java, second only to the Proboscidea in bulk. Before Dubois began his explorations in Java in 1890 we knew very little about the fossil bovids of that island. Martin (1887, p. 61, pl. VII fig. 2) described a horn core as Bison sivalensis Falconer (?); Bison sivalensis Martin has al• ready been placed in the synonymy of Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois by Von Koenigswald (1933, p. 93), which is evidently correct. Pilgrim (in Bron- gersma, 1936, p. 246) considered the horn core in question to belong to a Bibos species closely related to the banteng. Two further horn cores from Java described by Martin (1887, p. 63, pl. VI fig. 4; 1888, p. 114, pl. XII fig. 4) are not sufficiently well preserved to allow of a specific determination, although they probably belong to Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois as well. In a preliminary faunal list Dubois (1891) mentions four bovid species as occurring in the Pleistocene of Java, viz., two living species (the banteng and the water buffalo) and two extinct forms, Anoa spec. -
Short Title: Ecological Properties of Ruminal Microbiota
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 24 December 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0628.v1 CHARACTERISTICS OF RUMINAL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY: EVOLUTIONARY AND ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES AMLAN KUMAR PATRA* Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, K.B. Sarani 37, Kolkata 700037, India *Corresponding author. Email address: [email protected] (A.K. Patra) Short title: Ecological properties of ruminal microbiota 0 © 2020 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 24 December 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0628.v1 CHARACTERISTICS OF RUMINAL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY: EVOLUTIONARY AND ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Abstract Ruminants perhaps appeared about 50 million years ago (Ma). Five ruminant families had been extinct and about 200 species in 6 ruminant families are living today. The first ruminant family probably was small omnivore without functional ruminal microbiota to digest fiber. Subsequently, other ruminant families evolved around 18-23 Ma along with woodlands and grasslands. Probably, ruminants started to consume selective and highly nutritious plant leaves and grasses similar to concentrates. By 5-11 Ma, grasslands expanded and some ruminants used more grass in their diets with comparatively low nutritive values and high fibers. Historically, humans have domesticated 9 ruminant species that are mostly utilizer of low quality forages for human benefits. Thus, the non-functional rumen microbiota to predominantly concentrate fermenting microbiota, followed by predominantly fiber digesting microbiota had evolved for mutual complementary benefits of holobiont over the million years. The core microbiome of ruminant species seems the resultant of hologenome interaction in an evolutionary unit. -
A New Middle Miocene Mammalian Fauna from Mordoğan (Western Turkey) Tanju Kaya, Denis Geraads, Vahdet Tuna
A new Middle Miocene mammalian fauna from Mordoğan (Western Turkey) Tanju Kaya, Denis Geraads, Vahdet Tuna To cite this version: Tanju Kaya, Denis Geraads, Vahdet Tuna. A new Middle Miocene mammalian fauna from Mordoğan (Western Turkey). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2003, 77 (2), pp.293-302. halshs-00009762 HAL Id: halshs-00009762 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00009762 Submitted on 24 Mar 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A new Middle Miocene mammalian fauna from Mordoğan (Western Turkey) * TANJU KAYA, Izmir, DENIS GERAADS, Paris & VAHDET TUNA, Izmir With 6 figures Zusammenfassung: Ardiç-Mordogan ist ein neue Fundstelle in die Karaburun Halbinsel von Westtürkei. Unter ihre Fauna, das ist hier beschreibt, sind die Carnivoren besonders interessant, mit die vollständigste bekannten Exemplaren von Percrocuta miocenica und von eine primitiv Hyänen-Art, von welche ein neue Unterart, Protictitherium intermedium paralium, beschreibt ist. Die Fauna stark gleicht die von mehrere anderen Mittelmiozän Lagerstatten in derselben Gebiet: Çandir, Paşalar und Inönü in Türkei, und Prebreza in Serbien, und sie mussen sich allen zu dieselben Mammal-Zone gehören. Seinen Huftieren bezeugen ein offenes Umwelt, das bei der Türko-Balkanisch Gebiet in Serravallien Zeit verbreiten mussten. -
Original Giraffokeryx Punjabiensis (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia, Giraffidae) from Lower Siwaliks (Chinji Formation) of Dhok Bun
Original Giraffokeryx punjabiensis (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia, Giraffidae) from Lower Siwaliks (Chinji Formation) of Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon, Pakistan Khizar Samiullah1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Muhammad Akbar Khan4 Received : 28 January 2011 ; Accepted : 13 September 2011 Abstract Fossil remains of Giraffokeryx punjabiensis (premolar and molar teeth belonging to the upper and lower jaws) have been collected and discussed from Chinji Formation of Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon (32o 47’ 26.4” N, 72° 55’ 35.7” E). All these (twenty one) specimens are isolated teeth, which provide new data and give valuable information on the biostratigrphy and paleoecology of Giraffokeryx punjabiensis as well as the stratigraphy and paleoclimates of these Miocene rocks of the Chakwal district, Pakistan. Keywords: Giraffokeryx punjabiensis, isolated teeth, Chinji Formation, biostratigraphy Miocene rocks, Chakwal district. Introduction Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon (DBAK) is poorly known fossil ramii and a number of isolated teeth. Mathew4 studied site of the Siwaliks. Previous pioneer workers 1,2,3,4,5 did the material of this species at the Indian Museum, not visit this site nor mentioned it in their faunal list. Kolkata (Calcutta), and recognized a larger and a During the last decade, this site had got attraction of smaller form. However, Colbert5 suggested there was researchers when few fossils were unearthed during a continuous size gradation of the dental material of the mechanical work for construction of dam for water the species through the Chinji to the Nagri Formation storage purposes. Girafids, bovids, tragulids, suids, and therefore that no such size division exists in the hominids, rhinos, chilothers anthracothers and carnivors material of the genus Giraffokeryx. -
Chapter 1 - Introduction
EURASIAN MIDDLE AND LATE MIOCENE HOMINOID PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY AND THE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS OF THE HOMININAE by Mariam C. Nargolwalla A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Anthropology University of Toronto © Copyright by M. Nargolwalla (2009) Eurasian Middle and Late Miocene Hominoid Paleobiogeography and the Geographic Origins of the Homininae Mariam C. Nargolwalla Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto 2009 Abstract The origin and diversification of great apes and humans is among the most researched and debated series of events in the evolutionary history of the Primates. A fundamental part of understanding these events involves reconstructing paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic patterns in the Eurasian Miocene; a time period and geographic expanse rich in evidence of lineage origins and dispersals of numerous mammalian lineages, including apes. Traditionally, the geographic origin of the African ape and human lineage is considered to have occurred in Africa, however, an alternative hypothesis favouring a Eurasian origin has been proposed. This hypothesis suggests that that after an initial dispersal from Africa to Eurasia at ~17Ma and subsequent radiation from Spain to China, fossil apes disperse back to Africa at least once and found the African ape and human lineage in the late Miocene. The purpose of this study is to test the Eurasian origin hypothesis through the analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of distribution, in situ evolution, interprovincial and intercontinental dispersals of Eurasian terrestrial mammals in response to environmental factors. Using the NOW and Paleobiology databases, together with data collected through survey and excavation of middle and late Miocene vertebrate localities in Hungary and Romania, taphonomic bias and sampling completeness of Eurasian faunas are assessed. -
Giraffe Stature and Neck Elongation: Vigilance As an Evolutionary Mechanism
biology Review Giraffe Stature and Neck Elongation: Vigilance as an Evolutionary Mechanism Edgar M. Williams Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales CF37 1DL, UK; [email protected]; Tel.: +44-1443-483-893 Academic Editor: Chris O’Callaghan Received: 1 August 2016; Accepted: 7 September 2016; Published: 12 September 2016 Abstract: Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), with their long neck and legs, are unique amongst mammals. How these features evolved is a matter of conjecture. The two leading ideas are the high browse and the sexual-selection hypotheses. While both explain many of the characteristics and the behaviour of giraffe, neither is fully supported by the available evidence. The extended viewing horizon afforded by increased height and a need to maintain horizon vigilance, as a mechanism favouring the evolution of increased height is reviewed. In giraffe, vigilance of predators whilst feeding and drinking are important survival factors, as is the ability to interact with immediate herd members, young and male suitors. The evidence regarding giraffe vigilance behaviour is sparse and suggests that over-vigilance has a negative cost, serving as a distraction to feeding. In woodland savannah, increased height allows giraffe to see further, allowing each giraffe to increase the distance between its neighbours while browsing. Increased height allows the giraffe to see the early approach of predators, as well as bull males. It is postulated that the wider panorama afforded by an increase in height and longer neck has improved survival via allowing giraffe to browse safely over wider areas, decreasing competition within groups and with other herbivores. -
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Tnui Amermican MUSZUM W Number 632 Near York Cityratt1ral Historay June 9, 1933
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Tnui AmERMICAN MUSZUM W Number 632 Near York CityRATt1RAL HisToRay June 9, 1933 56.9, 735 G: 14.71, 4 A SKULL AND MANDIBLE OF GIRAFFOKERYX PUNJABIENSIS PILGRIM By EDWIN H. COLBERT The genus Giraffokeryx was founded by Dr. G. E. Pilgrim to desig- nate a primitive Miocene giraffe from the lower Siwalik beds of northern India. Doctor Pilgrim, in a series of papers,' described Giraffokeryx on the basis of fragmental and scattered dentitions.. Naturally, Pilgrim's knowledge of the genus was rather incomplete, and he was unable tQ formulate any opinions as to the structure.of the skull or mandible. An almost complete skull, found in the northern Punjab in 1922 by Mr. Barnum Brown of the American Museum, proves to be that of Giraffokeryx, and it exhibits such striking and unusual characters that a separate description of it has seemed necessary. This skull, together with numerous teeth and a lower. jaw, gives us. a very good comprehen- sion of the genus which forms the subject.of this paper. The drawings of the skull were made by John. C. Germann, and the remaining ones were done by Margaret Matthew. MATERIAL DESCRIBED Only the material referred to in this description will here be listed. There' are a great many specimens of Gir'affokeryx in the American'Mu- seum collection, but since 'most of them are'teeth, they will not be considered at this time. A subsequent paper, dealing with the American Museum Siwalik collection in detail, wtyill contain a complete list of the Giraffokeryx material. -
4. Palaeontology
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Palaeontology Klug, Christian ; Scheyer, Torsten M ; Cavin, Lionel Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-113739 Conference or Workshop Item Presentation Originally published at: Klug, Christian; Scheyer, Torsten M; Cavin, Lionel (2015). Palaeontology. In: Swiss Geoscience Meeting, Basel, 20 November 2015 - 21 November 2015. 136 4. Palaeontology Christian Klug, Torsten Scheyer, Lionel Cavin Schweizerische Paläontologische Gesellschaft, Kommission des Schweizerischen Paläontologischen Abhandlungen (KSPA) Symposium 4: Palaeontology TALKS: 4.1 Aguirre-Fernández G., Jost J.: Re-evaluation of the fossil cetaceans from Switzerland 4.2 Costeur L., Mennecart B., Schmutz S., Métais G.: Palaeomeryx (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) and the giraffes, data from the ear region 4.3 Foth C., Hedrick B.P., Ezcurra M.D.: Ontogenetic variation and heterochronic processes in the cranial evolution of early saurischians 4.4 Frey L., Rücklin M., Kindlimann R., Klug C.: Alpha diversity and palaeoecology of a Late Devonian Fossillagerstätte from Morocco and its exceptionally preserved fish fauna 4.5 Joyce W.G., Rabi M.: A Revised Global Biogeography of Turtles 4.6 Klug C., Frey L., Rücklin M.: A Famennian Fossillagerstätte in the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco: its fauna and taphonomy 4.7 Leder R.M.: Morphometric analysis of teeth of fossil and recent carcharhinid selachiens -
Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia Emily Simpson East Tennessee State University
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2019 Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia Emily Simpson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Simpson, Emily, "Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3590. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3590 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia ________________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Geosciences East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Geosciences with a concentration in Paleontology _______________________________ by Emily Michelle Bruff Simpson May 2019 ________________________________ Dr. Chris Widga, Chair Dr. Blaine W. Schubert Dr. Andrew Joyner Key Words: Paleoecology, land-use, grassy balds, stable isotope ecology, Whitetop Mountain ABSTRACT Paleoecology and Land-Use of Quaternary Megafauna from Saltville, Virginia by Emily Michelle Bruff Simpson Land-use, feeding habits, and response to seasonality by Quaternary megaherbivores in Saltville, Virginia, is poorly understood. Stable isotope analyses of serially sampled Bootherium and Equus enamel from Saltville were used to explore seasonally calibrated (δ18O) patterns in megaherbivore diet (δ13C) and land-use (87Sr/86Sr).