Scholars Research Library Traditional Uses of Some Wild Edible Fruits from Palghar District

Available online www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com

Scholars Research Library J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 2016, 6 (6): 8-11 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html)

Traditional uses of some wild edible fruits from Palghar district

Mahadkar Shivprasad1*, Megha Rane1, Patil Manik2

1Department of Botany, Dr. Shantilal Dhanji Devse Arts & Commerce and Science College, Wada - 421 303, Palghar, Maharashtra, India 2Department of Botany, Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidyalaya, Sanglwadi 416416, Sangli Maharashtra, India ______

ABSTRACT

The present study deals with the identification, documentation and ethno-botanical exploration with respect to food value of wild edible fruits from Palghar district. Total 5o wild edible fruits were surveyed. Edible wild fruits play significant role in the rural economy of the Palghar district providing nutrient food supplement and also by generating side income to the poor people. Fruits collected by local people from natural forests are often seen for sell in the market. Many valuable fruits which are familiar to certain areas or to certain communities are unknown to others. The cattle grazers, wood cutter, poachers and forest trekkers generally use these fruits in the forests. The villagers, as they have constant association and dependence on the forests and its products for their daily needs, have developed much knowledge on wild edible fruits. Often pickles, jams, curry and alcohol are prepared from these fruits by local people.

Keywords: Ethnobotany, Wild edible plants, Palghar district ______

INTRODUCTION

Edible wild fruits play significant role in the rural economy of the Palghar district providing nutrient food supplement and also by generating side income to the poor people [1]. Fruits collected by local people from natural forests are often seen for sell in the market. Many valuable fruits which are familiar to certain areas or to certain communities are unknown to others. The cattle grazers, wood cutter, poachers and forest trekkers generally use these fruits in the forests [2]. The villagers, as they have constant association and dependence on the forests and its products for their daily needs, have developed much knowledge on wild edible fruits. Often pickles, jams, curry and alcohol are prepared from these fruits by local people. Despite maximum potentialities and scope of the use of wild edible fruits, many of the people which know thoroughly only a few species. On the other hand over population, increasing deforestation and over exploitation have created the danger of extinction of some of the valuable species of wild edible fruits [3-6].

Study area Palghar district is situated in the northern part of Maharashtra State in western India. On the 1st August 2014, the Maharashtra State government announced the formation of the 36th district of Maharashtra when a new Palghar district was carved out of the old Thane district. It comprised 8 taluks, namely, Palghar, Vada, Vikramgad, Jawhar, Mokhada, Dahanu, Talasari, and Vasai-Virar. The district is bounded by Thane and Nashik districts on the east and northeast simultaneously and by Valsad district of Gujarat state and Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli on the north. The Arabian Sea forms the western boundary while Vasai-Virar is part of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Main tribal communities present in Palghar district are Warli, Malhar Koli, Koli, Katkari, Kokana etc. [7-9].

RESEARCH METHODS

The ethnobotanical survey was carried out in rural areas of Palghar district from June 2015 to May 2016. The data occurred through discussions and interviews with experienced persons and traditional healers. The data on wild edible plants were collected using the preparation of questionnaire in the local language and group discussions.

8 Mahadkar Shivprasad et al J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 2016, 6 (6):8-11 ______

Voucher specimens were collected during a walk with informants. The collected plants were identified by standard floras.

Table 1: List of some wild edible plants of Palghar district and their ethnobotanical information.

Sr. no. Botanical name Edible value Medicinal value Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)wang, Engl. Pulp of fruit is Root bark is rubbed in rice water it is given 1 Family- Alangiaceae edible. with little honey in diarrhoea. The fruit Vernacular name- Ankol powder is applied externally on skin burning. Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Fruits are edible. - Family- Vitaceae 2 Vernacular name- Dokela, Katulam. Anacardium occidentalae L. Nuts are edible. The oil obtained from pericarp is effective 3 Family- Anacardaceae preventive against white ants. Vernacular name- Kaju Antidesma acidum Retz. Tender leaves and - 4 Family- Euphorbiaceae fruits are edible. Vernacular name- Ambuti Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. Fruits are edible. - 5 Family- Euphorbiaceae Vernacular name- Ambuti Antidesma montanum Bl. Fruits are edible. - 6 Family- Euphorbiaceae Vernacular name- Ambuti Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. Fruits are edible. Milk juice of the fruit mixed with vinegar and 7 Family- Moraceae applied to glandular swelling. The leaves are Vernacular name- Otamb, Lowi considered as antidote to snake poison. Bauhinia purpurea L. Flower buds and Decoction of dried flower buds useful in 8 Family- Caesalpiniaceae fruits are edible. diarrhoea. Vernacular name- Kanchan. Bauhinia recemosa Lam. Flower buds and Seed paste is applied externally on wounds 9 Family- Caesalpiniaceae fruits are edible. inflicted by reptiles. Vernacular name- Apata. Bridelia scadens (Roxb.) Willd. Fruits are edible. Stem bark paste applied externally for skin 10 Family- Euphorbiaceae diseases. Vernacular name- Asan Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Almeida Fruits are edible. The fruit is sweet and laxative. The seed is 11 Family- Anacardaceae palatable and nutritious when roasted. Vernacular name- Char Canavalia gladiata (Jacq) Dc. Fruits are used in The root is ground in cow urine and Family- Papilionaceae chutneys and administered orally to cure liver diseases. 12 Vernacular name- pickles. Abai, Ghevada Canthium coromandelium (N.Burm.)Alst. Fruits are edible. Paste of leaves prepared in water and applied 13 Family- Rubiaceae externally on forehead in fevers. Vernacular name- Karbit Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Teys & Binn. Ripe fruits are - Var. umbellatum (Wt.) Sant. & Merch. edible. 14 Family- Rubiaceae Vernacular name-Tupa Capparis deciduas (Forssk.)Edgew. Fruits are edible. Fruit powder is externally applied to 15 Family- Capparaceae malignant ulcers. Vernacular name- Nepti karil. Capparis spinosa L. Fruits are edible. The juice of fresh fruit is dropped in to the ear 16 Family- Capparaceae to kill worms. Vernacular name- Kalavari. Capparis zeylanica L. Fruit used as The juice of fresh fruit is dropped into the ear 17 Family- Capparaceae vegetable. to kill worms. Vernacular name- Wagati Carallia brachiata (Lour) Merr. Fruits are edible. - 18 Family- Rhizophoraceae Vernacular name- Phanashi, Ranphanashi. Careya arborea Roxb. Seeds are edible. Fruit decoction is used to promote digestion. 19 Family- Lecythidaceae Fruit pickle is Vernacular name- Kumbha edible. Carissa inermis Vahl. Fruits are edible. - Family- Apocynaceae 20 Vernacular name- Rede- Karvand Carissa carandus L.Mant. Fruits are edible. The juice of ripe fruits, mixed with sugar and 21 Family- Apocynaceae cardamoms is a cooling drink in biliousness. Vernacular name- Karvand

9 Mahadkar Shivprasad et al J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 2016, 6 (6):8-11 ______

Carissa congesta Wight. Fruits edible, unripe - 22 Family- Apocynaceae fruit used in pickles. Vernacular name- Karvand Caryota urens L. Fruits are edible. Nut paste was applied on forehead in 23 Family- Arecaceae. hemicrania. Vernacular name- Surmad, Berlimad. Catunaregum spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. Mature fruits are Fruit is act as a astringent and also used in 24 Family- Rubiaceae roosted and eaten. diarrhoea and dysentery. Vernacular name- Gela, Gelphal Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Fruits are edible. Decoction of seeds is given in rheumatism. Family- Celastraceae Mixing of one part of seed oil and 8 parts of Vernacular name- butter applied externally on forehead in Mal-Kangoni. headache. 25

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Fruit used as Young fruit eaten as a raw for mouth diseases. 26 Family- Cucurbitaceae vegetable. Vernacular name- Tondali Cordia dichotoma Foret.f. Fruit is edible, made Fruit mucilage was given orally in cough. 27 Family- Boraginaceae into pickles. Vernacular name- Bhokar Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Fruits are edible. The juice of the fruit mixed with sugar and Family- Dilleniaceae used as a cooling in fevers and as a cough 28 Vernacular name- mixture. Chota Karmal Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. Fruits are edible. Fruit used as astringent. 29 Family- Elaeagnaceae Vernacular name- Ambgul, Nurgi Embelia basaal (R.& S.) DC. Fruits are edible. Seed is used as a vermifuge. 30 Family- Myrsinaceae Vernacular name- Ambat, Ambati. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Fruct. Fruits are edible. Fresh fruit is used as vermifuge. Fruit powder 31 Family- Euphorbiaceae and red sandal powder is given with honey to Vernacular name- Awala stop nausea and vomiting. Entada rheedei Spreng. Young seeds used as Seed paste applied externally on glandular 32 Family- Fabaceae vegetable. swellings. Vernacular name- Garmbi Erythrina variegata L. Fruits are edible. Mixture of leaf juice and castor oil given 33 Family- Papilionaceae orally to cure dysentery. Vernacular name- Pangara. Ficus recemosa L. Fruits are edible. Seed powder mix with honey and gives orally 34 Family- Moraceae in diabetes and also reduces sugar in the urine. Vernacular name- Umber Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Fruit pulp is edible. Juice of fruit is useful in fever. 35 Family- Flacourtiaceae Vernacular name- Tambat Flacourtia Montana Grah. Berries edible. - 36 Family- Flacourtiaceae Vernacular name- Talbor. Garcinia indica (Thou.) Chois. Fruits and leaves are One part seed oil mix with four part of milk is 37 Family- Clusiaceae edible. good remedy against dysentery and mucus Vernacular name- Ratamba. diarrhoea. Garcinia spicata (Wight & Arn.) Hook.f. Fruits are edible. - 38 Family- Clusiaceae Vernacular name- Ont Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. Fruits are edible. - Family- Clusiaceae 39 Vernacular name- Vilayati-amba. Garuga pinnata Roxb. Fruits edible used in The fruit pickle is eaten as stomachic. Family- Burseraceae pickles. 40 Vernacular name- Kakad, Kudak Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Tanaka. Ripe fruit edible. - 41 Family- Rutaceae Vernacular name- Kirmira. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Dc. Ripe fruit edible. Fruit powder is useful to cure fever. 42 Family- Rutaceae Vernacular name- Kirmira Gmelina arborea Roxb. Fruits edible. Decoction of fruit is used as a cooling and 43 Family- Verbenaceae refrigerant. Vernacular name- Shivan

10 Mahadkar Shivprasad et al J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 2016, 6 (6):8-11 ______

Grewia asiatica L. Fruits acidic and Fruit sharbat is having astringent and cooling 44 Family- Tiliaceae edible. effect. Vernacular name- Phalsa Grewia nervosa (Lour) Panigr. Fruits are edible. - 45 Family- Tiliaceae Vernacular name- Asoli Grewia tiliifolia Vahl, Symb. Fruits are edible. Bark is rubbed down with water and this 46 Family- Tiliaceae mucilage strained from it, is given half glass Vernacular name- Dhaman doses as a remedy for dysentery. Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Seeds are edible. Stem bark juice is applied externally for 47 Family- Ulmaceae rheumatic swelling. Vernacular name- Vavli Momordica dioeca Roxb. ex Willd. Fruit used as Tubers used in treatment of piles. Male tuber 48 Family- Cucurbitaceae vegetables. powder applied in the form of paste to ulcers Vernacular name- Kartoli caused by snake bite. Morinda pubescens J.E.Smith. Green fruits are - 49 Family- Rubiaceae edible. Vernacular name- Bartondi. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Young seed used as Seed powder gives orally with powder in 50 Family- Fabaceae vegetable. leucorrhoea. Vernacular name- Khaj Kuhiri.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Wild edible fruits may be used both as food and medicine so it is often difficult to draw a line between these two groups. In the past decade, the food-medicine has come to the fore front of ethno botanical and nutritional research. Many studies have stressed the ethno botanical and food aspects of wild fruits. Some wild edible fruits also have medicinal properties. Such dual roles of wild edible fruits are common in the rural areas.

The study in the Palghar district revealed that about 50 varieties of fruit species are mainly used for consumption. The total 50 species of wild edible fruit plants are collected and stored with detailed information regarding scientific name, common name, the purpose of uses for future reference and study depicted in Table 1.

CONCLUSION

Above fruits have dual significance; first, they are promising future food; and second, these medicinal plants can have some active constituents for future phytochemical analysis. Present work documented total 50 wild edible fruit plant species and gives us information on food habits of rural people of Palghar district. Out of these, most of the fruit plants have medicinal values. Further investigation on their phytochemical and nutraceutical studies may provide better nutritional and medicinal sources for future.

REFERENCES

[1] Burlingame B. Wild nutrition. J Food Consumption Anal, 2000, 13: 99-100. [2] Maden K, Dakhal MR. General survey of edible wild fruits from khoshi zone eastern Nepal, 1998, pp: 1-5. [3] Malla SB, Rajbhandari SB, Shrestha TB, Adhikari PM, Adhikari SR. Wild edible plants of Nepal. Dept Med. Pl. Bulletin No.9. Kathmandu, 1982. [4] Etkin NL. Local knowledge of biotic diversity and its conservation in rural Hausaland, Northern Nigeria. Econ Bot, 2002, 56(1): 73-88. [5] Cooke T. The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Vol. I, II, III. Calcutta: Hard Press, Botanical Survey of India, 1967. [6] Hooker JD. The Flora of British India. Vol. I-VII. London: BiblioBazaar, 1882, pp: 1872-997. [7] Singh NP, Karthikeyan S. Flora of Maharashtra State: Dicotyledones. Vol. I. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India, 2000. [8] Singh NP, Lakshminarasimhan P, Karthikeyan S, Prasanna PV. Flora of Maharashtra State-Dicotyledones. Vol. II. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India, 2001. [9] Yadav SR, Sardesai MM. Flora of Kolhapur District. Kolhapur: Shivaji University, 2002.