CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 SERIES- 12 MAHARASHTRA PARTX-8 SURVEY REPORT ON TOWN JAWHAR Field Investigation & Draft P. G. ABHYANKAR D. K. ZAMBARE Edited by Smt. V. Y. Joshi Guidance & Finalisation A.S.Dange DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS MAHARASHTRA CONTENTS Pages Foreword (v) Preface (vii) Acknowledgement (ix) Maps (x) Town at a glance (xii) Chapter I Introduction 1-20 Chapter II History of growth of the town 21-29 Chapter III Amenities and services History of growth and the present position 30-49 Chapter IV Economic life of the town .. 50-84 Chapter V Ethnic and selected socio demographic characteristics of the population 85-107 Chapter VI Migration and settlement of families 108-125 Chapter VII Neighbourhood pattern 126-131 Chapter VIUFamily life in the town 132-147 Chapter IX· Housing and material culture 148-160 Chapter X Slums blighted and other areas with substandard living conditions 161 -162 Chapter XI Organisation of power and prestige 163 -169 Chapter XII Leisure and Recreation Social Participation Social Awareness, leligion and crime 171-187 Chapter XIII Linkages and continua 188-206 Chapter XIV Conclusion ~07-209 II' FOREWORD Apart from the decennial enumeration of population, the Indian Census is steeped in the tradition of undertaking a variety of studies of topical interest. In fact, the publications brought out in connection with the earlier censuses contained veritable mines of information on racial, cultural, linguistic and a number of other aspects of life of the people of this country. With the advent of freedom, however, the scope and dimension of these special studies had to be restructured in a manner that would provide the basic feedbacks on the processes of development taking place in different spheres of life of the people especially under planned development. Thus, in connection with the 1961 Census, a massive programme was launched inter-alia to conduct socio-economic survey of about 500 villages selected from different parts of the country. The main objective of this study was to know the way of life of the people living in Indian villages which accounted for 82 per cent 'of the total population as per the 1961 Census. There was, however, an imperative need to extend the area of the study to urban centres as well, to provide a complete coverage of the people living in diverse socio-economic conditions. It was with this objective in view ancillary studies on towns were launched as part of the social studies programme in connection with the 1971 Census. The programme of social studies taken up in connection with the 1971 Census, was continuea without any major change at the 1981 Census as well. A study on traditional rural based handicrafts was, however, added as a new· item under the social study projects of the 1981 Census. For the conduct of urban study, 64 small and medium towns were selected from different parts of the country following the criteria such as (a) size, (b) demographic features, (c) functional characteristics, (d) specific industry or occupation dominating the econ­ omy, (e) location, (f) concentration of different castes and communities, and (g) other social and cultural phenomenon like temple town, health resort etc. The research design, tools for data collection and formats for data tabulation and report writing required for urban studies were originally formilated by Dr. B.K.Roy Burman, the then Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division. His successor, Dr. N.G.Nag took considerable pains to revise all the formats to make them more comprehensive. Dr. K.P.lttaman, the present Deputy Registrar General heading Social Studies Division, coordinated these studies at different levels as well as rendered necessary gudiance to the Directorates of Census Operations for v their successful ccnsummation. Shri M.K.Jain, Senior Research Officer with the help of A.K.Singh Assistant Director Census Operations of and Shri Ganesh Das and Shri I.P.Singh Investigator did a commendable job in scrutinising the reports and communicating the commems the,'eon to the Directorates. I am grateful to all of them. The present report is the out-come of a study on Jawhar town undertaken by the Directorate of Census Operations, Maharashtra. I am indebted to Shri A.S. Dange Deputy Director and his colleagues in the Census Directorate for their painstaking efforts in bringing out this report. New Delhi, the V. S. VERMA 1st of June, 1988 REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA VI PREFACE In the history of Indian Census, the town survey was taken for the first time. during 1961 census and this survey was continued during 1971 and 1981 cen­ suses without any major change. During 1961 and 197_1 censuses, the Census Directorate of Maharashtra has not brought out report on town. According to 19f?1 census, there are 307 towns in Maharashtra. The Directorate of Maharashtra had selected 3 towns under this project and the Report on Paithan is the first and Jawhar is the second. Jawhar is a small former princely town which has a concentration of tribal population area and histor!cal background. It is a centre of Hindu and Muslim religions with an infrastructure for slow urbanisation. In this report, the various socio-economic factors that govern the life of the people in the town and its prospects are brought out and substantiated with statistical data collected by a socio-economic survey of the town by contacting selected house­ holds. The report is the project of co-operation from various officials in the Census Department, I am extremely grateful to Shri V.S.verma, Registrar General, India and Dr. N.G.Nag, ex-Deputy Registrar General (SS), Dr. KP.lttaman, the present Deputy Registrar General (SS), Shri M.KJain, Senior Research Officer and Shri B.P.Jain, Deputy Director (Printing ) and their colleagues who offered valuable suggestions for designing the survey and in drafting and finalising the report. In this directorate, the field work of the town commenced in December 1986 and extended over a period of one year. Shri P.G. Abhyankar, Investigator assisted by Shri D. K.Zambare, Statistical Assistant have done the main field work under the supervision of Smt. V.Y. Joshi, Assistant Director. The preliminary draft was prepared by SjShri Abhyankar, Zambare and Yeshodharan which was later scrutinised and edited by Smt. V.Y. Joshi, Assistant Director and finalised by the undersigned. The views expressed in this report and the conclusions drawn are those of the Author and do not in any way reflect the views of the Government. My thanks are also to the staff of social studies section who undertook the field study and tabulated the data, to the staff in cartography section for having prepared the maps and diagrams for this report under the guidance of Shri KS. Thakur, Research Officer and to Shri S.G. Gavali for the photographs found in this report. Our special thanks to Shri R.V. Tendulkar, President of Jawhar Municipal Council, to Chief Officer, Municipal CounCil, Jawhar and social workers for extend- VII ing full co-operation at all stages and to the residents of Jawhar town, who co­ operated with us wholeheartedly in conducting the study and bringing out this report. Bombay, Ganesh Chaturthi A.S. Dange 15 September, 1988 Deputy Director" of Census Operations, Maharashtra. VIII ACKNOWLEDGMENT field Investigation Shri C.S.More, S.A. Shri V.V.Desai, S.A. Shri S.A Karnik, S.A Shri N.O.Solanki, Computor Tabulation Shri M.K.Yashodharan, S.A. Smt. J.R.Wagale, S.A. Smt. AM.Sawant, Computor Smt. AS.Mahadaikar, Computor Smt. M.M.Malshe, Computor Smt. AV.Kale, Computor Shri W.A.O'souza, Computor Typing Smt.R.S.Mahale, L.D.C. Smt.S.S.Dahibavkar, L.D.C. Cover design Shri AL.Ranadive, Artist IX z ::; "0,,- o " r- " 0:: <{ I 5: I <{ -, LLo Z o i= Cl <{ U o -< _j I -< -!~ i i >- '. i i i i i i I 0 ;:- , I 0 ;.. -< l: " " I ,~., .l_ .. _____ ~ ________._ l . ---o~-'-------------~--O~-------" . ('':2 , OJ '~ JAWHAR TOWN SHOWING ROADS AND AMENITIES (NOT TO SCA~[) \ i .~ -_ ..., '~" III I I ."'""'" ~ A HAL A X M I \ \ \ " '. SA ~ ~TI-( i 'Y" '1·""'.~·"""i:.7· 7' r' 'I 'I' i ~( '7/ '7" '7" _. __ ' '7" LEGEND BOUNDRY TOWN _._. WARD WITH NO Dl] ROAD I STREET -- POLICE STATION PS COURT C IX - RAM MANOIR POST OFFICE PO X - NEHRU CHOWK TALATHI OFfiCE TO l{IV- S T STAND AREA TAHSILDAR eFFICE TAH L~ -================================::::::=======::::.J TOWN AT A GLANCE (District: Thane) 1. Area 357 km' 2. Residential Houses 1.459 3. Households 1,527 4. Population Males 3,674 Females 3.381 5. Scheduled Castes Males 285 Females 258 6. Scheduled Tribes Males 941 Females 933 7. Literates Males 2,585 Females 1,888 8. Total workers Males 1,780 Females 373 9. Non-workers Males 1,894 Females 3,008 10. Decennial population growth rate (1971-81) 15.47 11. Density of population (per km2.) 1976 12. Sex ratio (Females per 1000 males) 920 13. Rainfall (Average) 3810.0 mm_ 14. Distance of district headquarters (Thane) 110 km ... 15. Nearest railway station Dahanu Road (60 km) 16. Educational Institution 13 17. Medical Institution Government Hospital -1 Private Dispensaries -7 18. Religious Institutions Temples -9 Masjid -i 19. Holiday resort M.T.D.C. Suites available with dormetory XII Welcome to Jawhar XIII CHAPTER INTRODUCTION location The landscape of Jawhar town is paraller to a hill station in general. The developed part of the Jawhar is a small town and tahsil head quar­ town (few patches of bungalows of land-lords) is ter of Jawhar tahsil in Thane District.