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Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf2p300278 No online items Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Processed by Ronald S. Brashear; machine-readable finding aid created by Gabriela A. Montoya Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague 1 Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Paper, 1940-1973 The Huntington Library San Marino, California Contact Information Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 Processed by: Ronald S. Brashear Encoded by: Gabriela A. Montoya © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, Date (inclusive): 1940-1973 Creator: Bowen, Ira Sprague Extent: Approximately 29,000 pieces in 88 boxes Repository: The Huntington Library San Marino, California 91108 Language: English. Provenance Placed on permanent deposit in the Huntington Library by the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection. This was done in 1989 as part of a letter of agreement (dated November 5, 1987) between the Huntington and the Carnegie Observatories. The papers have yet to be officially accessioned. Cataloging of the papers was completed in 1989 prior to their transfer to the Huntington. -
SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE November 2003 NEWSLETTER
Volume 8, Issue 11 SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE November 2003 NEWSLETTER The sole Newsletter dedicated to Solar Eclipses INDEX 2 SECalendar November Dear SENL reader, 6 Artis planetarium 6 CNN tonight 6 Antiquity of 'Dragon's Head and Tail' When we are finishing this newsletter, some of the die 7 New Sony videocamera with 3 Megapixel CCD hards are on its way to observe the total solar eclipse 8 Total irradiance graph 9 Eclipse retrocalculations of 23 November 2003. Indeed, some of the eclipse 10 Saros 139/144 and 129/134 chasers left with the icebreaker from South Africa to- 11 Question about eclipse seasons 11 Virus wards the Antarctic. Hopefully they will have a safe 11 Nasa Eclipse Site CD journey and we hope of course a safe return. 11 Picture Logo NASA WebPages 12 Fast question...... Many others will leave for Australia and will observe the 13 "Our Mr. Sun" 13 An eclipse/transit calculator for your mobile phone! eclipse from the air. We wish them of course all suc- 14 3d pix of eclipse cess with the observations of the eclipse. Hopefully we 15 25 october Mercury occultation by new moon 16 Giant sunspot approaching the Sun's centre will see some nice images of the eclipses, and their ac- 16 Live solar images , and northern lights counts in a few weeks time. 17 Satellites eclipsed 18 New Moon Oct 2003 The total lunar eclipse is another challenge for this 19 NASA Scientist Dives Into Perfect Space Storm 20 On the shortest time lap between tw o totalities in the same month. -
Dixy Lee Ray, Marine Biology, and the Public Understanding of Science in the United States (1930-1970)
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Erik Ellis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the History of Science presented on November 21. 2005. Title: Dixy Lee Ray. Marine Biology, and the Public Understanding of Science in the United States (1930-1970) Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy This dissertation focuses on the life of Dixy Lee Ray as it examines important developments in marine biology and biological oceanography during the mid twentieth century. In addition, Ray's key involvement in the public understanding of science movement of the l950s and 1960s provides a larger social and cultural context for studying and analyzing scientists' motivations during the period of the early Cold War in the United States. The dissertation is informed throughout by the notion that science is a deeply embedded aspect of Western culture. To understand American science and society in the mid twentieth century it is instructive, then, to analyze individuals who were seen as influential and who reflected widely held cultural values at that time. Dixy Lee Ray was one of those individuals. Yet, instead of remaining a prominent and enduring figure in American history, she has disappeared rapidly from historical memory, and especially from the history of science. It is this very characteristic of reflecting her time, rather than possessing a timeless appeal, that makes Ray an effective historical guide into the recent past. Her career brings into focus some of the significant ways in which American science and society shifted over the course of the Cold War. Beginning with Ray's early life in West Coast society of the1920sandl930s, this study traces Ray's formal education, her entry into the professional ranks of marine biology and the crucial role she played in broadening the scope of biological oceanography in the early1960s.The dissertation then analyzes Ray's efforts in public science education, through educational television, at the science and technology themed Seattle World's Fair, and finally in her leadership of the Pacific Science Center. -
Edison Pettit Papers: Finding Aid
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9q2nb3w2 No online items Edison Pettit Papers: Finding Aid Processed by Ronald S. Brashear in March 1998. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens Manuscripts Department 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2191 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Edison Pettit Papers: Finding Aid mssPettit papers 1 Overview of the Collection Title: Edison Pettit Papers Dates (inclusive): 1920-1969 Collection Number: mssPettit papers Creator: Pettit, Edison, 1889-1962. Extent: 6 boxes (3,100 pieces) Repository: The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens. Manuscripts Department 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2191 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org Abstract: This collection contains the papers of astronomer Edison Pettit (1889-1962), who was on the staff of the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories. The correspondence is chiefly with other astronomers in the United States and deals with astronomy in general including Pettit's work at Mount Wilson, telescopes, and ultraviolet light research. The rest of the collection is made up of manuscripts, notes, notebooks and printed items. Language: English. Access Open to qualified researchers by prior application through the Reader Services Department. For more information, contact Reader Services. Publication Rights The Huntington Library does not require that researchers request permission to quote from or publish images of this material, nor does it charge fees for such activities. The responsibility for identifying the copyright holder, if there is one, and obtaining necessary permissions rests with the researcher. -
DONALD H. MENZEL — the MAN Menzel's Versatility and Successful Pursuit of a Vast Range of Interests Were Possible Only to a Person of Enormous En- Ergy and Ability
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES D O N A L D H O W A R D M ENZEL 1901—1976 A Biographical Memoir by LE O GOLDBE R G A N D L AWR E N C E H. A LLER Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1991 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. DONALD HOWARD MENZEL April 11, 1901-December 14, 1976 BY LEO GOLDBERG AND LAWRENCE H. ALLER ONALD H. MENZEL, one of the first practitioners of theo- D retical astrophysics in the United States, pioneered the application of quantum mechanics to astronomical spectro- scopy. He was the first to establish the physical characteristics of the solar chromospheres and he initiated the modern era of investigations of physical processes in gaseous nebulae. Although primarily a theorist, he organized and conducted more than a dozen solar-eclipse expeditions and established two major solar observatories in the western United States. As a naval officer in World War II, he showed how solar observations could be used to anticipate large changes in con- ditions of long-distance radio wave propagation. He later played a leading role in establishing the Central Radio Prop- agation Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards. As director of the Harvard College Observatory from 1952 to 1966, he established one of the first university programs for research and instruction in radioastronomy and space as- tronomy. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1948. -
A Genealogy of the Extraterrestrial in American Culture
The Extraterrestrial in US Culture by Mark Harrison BA Indiana University 1989 MA University of Pittsburgh 1997 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2006 UNIVERSITY 0F PITTSBURGH Arts and Sciences This dissertation was presented by Mark Harrison It was defended on April 3, 2006 and approved by Jonathan Arac Bill Fusfield Jonathan Sterne Dissertation Director: Carol Stabile ii The Extraterrestrial in US Culture Mark Harrison, PhD University of Pittsburgh This dissertation provides a cultural analysis of the figure of the extraterrestrial in US culture. The sites through which the extraterrestrial appears -- spiritualism, so-called “space brother” religions, unidentified flying objects, and alien abduction -- are understood as elements of an ongoing displaced utopian imaginary. This mode of utopian thought is characterized by recourse to figures of radical alterity (spirits of the dead, “ascended masters,” and the gray) as agents of radical social change; by its homologies with contemporaneous political currents; and through its invocation of trance states for counsel from the various others imagined as primary agents of change. Ultimately, the dissertation argues that the extraterrestrial functions as the locus both for the resolution of tensions between the spiritual and the material and for the projection of a perfected subject into a utopian future. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction …………………………………………… 1 A. A Study in Gray………………………..……. ………...1 B. Material/Ethereal…………..………………………….. 7 C. The Inappropriate/d Other……..……………………... 10 D. Dream, Myth, Utopia……………… …..………….. 14 E. Chapters…………………………..……… ………... 18 II. Chapter 1: The Dead…………………………………. 21 A. -
THE CONSTELLATION NORMA, the CARPENTER SET SQUARE Norma Is a Small and Inconspicuous Constellation in the Southern Hemisphere Between Scorpius and Centaurus
THE CONSTELLATION NORMA, THE CARPENTER SET SQUARE Norma is a small and inconspicuous constellation in the southern hemisphere between Scorpius and Centaurus. Its name is Latin for normal, referring to a right angle, and is variously considered to represent a rule, a carpenter's square, a set square or a level. It was created by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the middle of the 1750s, when he was measuring about 10,000 stars at the Cape of Good Hope. Originally named l’Equerre et la Regle in French, Norma represents a tool used in the Age of Exploration by carpenters on exploratory vessels. It has variously taken to represent either a level, a set square, a rule, or a carpenter’s square. FACTINOS • Norma is the 74th constellation in size, occupying an area of 165 square degrees. • It is located in the third quadrant of the southern hemisphere and can be seen at latitudes between +30° and -90°. • The neighboring constellations are Ara, Circinus, Lupus, Scorpius and Triangulum Australe. • Norma contains four stars with known planets and has no Messier objects. • The brightest star in the constellation is Gamma-2 Normae, with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.02. • There is one meteor shower associated with the constellation; the Gamma Normids. • Norma belongs to the Lacaille family of constellations, along with Antlia, Caelum, Circinus, Fornax, Horologium, Mensa, Microscopium, Octans, Pictor, Reticulum, Sculptor, and Telescopium. STORY Norma constellation is not associated with any myths. Lacaille created the constellation out of faint stars between Lupus and Ara that had not been catalogued by Ptolemy and named it l’Equerre et la Regle, referring to a draughtsman’s set-square and rule, which was later Latinized to Norma et Regula, and eventually shortened to Norma. -
The Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Model of the Sun and the Solar Atmosphere I
July, 2013 PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Volume 3 LETTERS TO PROGRESS IN PHYSICS The Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Model of the Sun and the Solar Atmosphere I. Continuous Emission and Condensed Matter Within the Chromosphere Pierre-Marie Robitaille Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. [email protected] The continuous spectrum of the solar photosphere stands as the paramount observation with regard to the condensed nature of the solar body. Studies relative to Kirchhoff’s law of thermal emission (e.g. Robitaille P.-M. Kirchhoff’s law of thermal emission: 150 years. Progr. Phys., 2009, v. 4, 3–13.) and a detailed analysis of the stellar opacity problem (Robitaille P.M. Stellar opacity: The Achilles’ heel of the gaseous Sun. Progr. Phys., 2011, v. 3, 93–99) have revealed that gaseous models remain unable to properly account for the generation of this spectrum. Therefore, it can be stated with certainty that the photosphere is comprised of condensed matter. Beyond the solar surface, the chromospheric layer of the Sun also generates a weak continuous spectrum in the visible region. This emission exposes the presence of material in the condensed state. As a result, above the level of the photosphere, matter exists in both gaseous and condensed forms, much like within the atmosphere of the Earth. The continuous visible spectrum associated with the chromosphere provides the twenty-sixth line of evidence that the Sun is condensed matter. In order to explain the occurrence of the dark lines properly account for the thermal spectrum. The generation of in the solar spectrum, we must assume that the solar a continuous solar spectrum has become an insurmountable atmosphere incloses a luminous nucleus, producing hurdle for these models [7]. -
Space for Development: US-Indian Space Relations 1955 -1976
Space for Development: US-Indian Space Relations 1955 -1976 A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Doraisamy Ashok Maharaj In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of History Technology and Society Georgia Institute of Technology December 2011 Copyright 2011 by Doraisamy Ashok Maharaj Table of Contents Acknowledgements ii List of Tables iii List of Figures iv List of Abbreviations vi Summary vii Chapter I: Introduction………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapter II: India Enters the Space Age: From Optical Tracking of Satellites to Sounding and Lighting the Tropical Space…….................................................................................................................. 28 Chapter III: The Political and Technological Trajectory of India’s First Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV): Transnational Networks and Indigenous Efforts………………… 91 Chapter IV: Polyvalent Meanings of Satellite Broadcast in Rural India: NASA and the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE)…………………………… 154 Concluding Thoughts……………………………………………………………… 203 Epilog: Transnational Networks and Knowledge Flow..…………………………….210 List of Sources …………………………………………………… …………………214 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………216 Acknowledgements John Krige has been a tremendous support and encouragement since I started the graduate program at Georgia Tech. His tutelage and mentoring has enabled me to grow both intellectually and personally. My debt to him is beyond words. I would like to thank my committee members: -
SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE November 2000 NEWSLETTER
Volume 5, Issue 11 SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE November 2000 NEWSLETTER HEADLINES Solar Eclipse Mailing List · GENERAL TOPICS DISCUSSED ON THE MAILING LIST THIS MONTH WELCOME TO THE NEW-LOOK NEWSLETTER · SOLAR ECLIPSE CONFERENCE Dear All · AFRICA 2001 Firstly, we must apologize for the · SOLAR ECLIPSE MAILING LIST apparent lapse in the last edi- UPDATE tions of the Solar Eclipse News- letter, we hope you understand · ECLIPSE WORDSEARCH that huge personal changes, such as Patrick’s move to Eng- Inside this issue: land and change in job, coupled with organizing the conference GENERAL TOPICS DISCUSSED THIS took up every spare minute and MONTH ON THE MAILING LIST meant that newsletter was put · ECLIPSE CALENDAR 2 on a back burner. · 5000 YEARS OF TSE 4 That brings me to the second finally be put to names, data come all contributions. There will also · AMATUER FILTERS 5 point, is that now we are back, can also be displayed effec- be a monthly book review, so come on · FREE GLASSES 5 we can start with a clean sheet tively, and latest eclipse pic- all you readers with the amazing num- · STATE OF DOGS tures viewed by all. ber of eclipse books released last year, 5 and what’s more a new look. · ECLIPSE PROGRAMMES 6 spread the word of the best reads. We hope that you find this new In this month’s issue you will · ECLIPSES IN ANCIENT EGYPT 7 format user friendly and would find the reports and first reac- Patrick & Joanne · EYE DAMAGE IN ‘99 8 welcome any advise or sugges- tions to the first Solar Eclipse · OCCULATATION BY SATURN 9 tions. -
Some Milestones in History of Science About 10,000 Bce, Wolves Were Probably Domesticated
Some Milestones in History of Science About 10,000 bce, wolves were probably domesticated. By 9000 bce, sheep were probably domesticated in the Middle East. About 7000 bce, there was probably an hallucinagenic mushroom, or 'soma,' cult in the Tassili-n- Ajjer Plateau in the Sahara (McKenna 1992:98-137). By 7000 bce, wheat was domesticated in Mesopotamia. The intoxicating effect of leaven on cereal dough and of warm places on sweet fruits and honey was noticed before men could write. By 6500 bce, goats were domesticated. "These herd animals only gradually revealed their full utility-- sheep developing their woolly fleece over time during the Neolithic, and goats and cows awaiting the spread of lactose tolerance among adult humans and the invention of more digestible dairy products like yogurt and cheese" (O'Connell 2002:19). Between 6250 and 5400 bce at Çatal Hüyük, Turkey, maces, weapons used exclusively against human beings, were being assembled. Also, found were baked clay sling balls, likely a shepherd's weapon of choice (O'Connell 2002:25). About 5500 bce, there was a "sudden proliferation of walled communities" (O'Connell 2002:27). About 4800 bce, there is evidence of astronomical calendar stones on the Nabta plateau, near the Sudanese border in Egypt. A parade of six megaliths mark the position where Sirius, the bright 'Morning Star,' would have risen at the spring solstice. Nearby are other aligned megaliths and a stone circle, perhaps from somewhat later. About 4000 bce, horses were being ridden on the Eurasian steppe by the people of the Sredni Stog culture (Anthony et al. -
Menzel and Eclipses
JHA, xxxiii (2002) MENZEL AND ECLIPSES JAY M. PASACHOFF, Williams College – Hopkins Observatory 1. Introduction Eclipses played an important role in Donald Menzel’s life, and thanks to him they do in mine.1 In 1959, when I was a freshman, Harvard was trying to invigorate under- graduate education and started a project to bring senior faculty together with these first-year students. Underscoring the “Educator” portion of the title of this Centennial Symposium, Donald Menzel was one of the professors offering freshman seminars that first year. There were a dozen of us in the seminar,2 and a substantial fraction went on to be professional astronomers. A total eclipse of the Sun began over Massachusetts on 2 October of that year (Figure 1) and Dr Menzel arranged for an airplane to fly his freshman-seminar students and Observatory staff members above the expected clouds. I remember well this early morning flight, and obviously was inspired by the phenomenon that proved to be the first of the thirty-two solar eclipses I have seen. But it was the science and the spectacle that enthralled at the time; for all I knew all eclipses occurred over Boston. I only recently learned that we freshmen were not add-ons to the staff but, rather, it was vice versa. Menzel wrote:3 FIG. 1. The beginning of the path of the total solar eclipse of 1959 (U.S. Naval Observatory Circular). 0021-8286/02/3302-0139/$2.50 © 2002 Science History Publications Ltd 140 Jay M. Pasachoff We had a most auspicious beginning.