History 6393, "Empire, War, & Revolution" Bob Buzzanco Wednesday, 5:30-8:30

This is a readings course in U.S. foreign policy and international history, with an integrated emphasis on foreign and domestic sources and consequences of global behaviour and conflict. We will principally cover the 20th Century, with some brief background.

Structure of the course: Each week, there will be a common reading for which everyone will be responsible . In addition to that, each week a certain number of students will read and report individually on books that are relevant to that week's topic.

Assignments and Grading: In consultation with the professor, you will devise a reading list of 8 books, and write an essay at the end of the semester of about 12 pages in length on the major issues they raise about the history of US foreign policy.

Learning Outcomes

Students will have extensive knowledge about the history and historiographical debates relating to at least two regions of the world.

All students graduating with a Ph.D. in History should be able to identify and analyze sufficient field-appropriate primary and secondary sources to write an acceptable dissertation.

The History Department will produce Ph.D.s who will be accomplished teachers, researchers, and publishers at junior and senior level colleges and universities.

Week 1: Introduction

Common: William Appleman Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy ; William Appleman Williams, "Charles Austin Beard: The Intellectual as Tory- Radical," in Henry Berger, ed, A William Appleman Williams Reader ; Roundtable on William Appleman Williams, Diplomatic History , Spring 2001; Buzzanco, "What Happened to the New Left . . ." at http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/bernathlecture.htm ; John Gaddis, "The Tragedy of Cold War History," Diplomatic History , Winter 1993; Bruce Cumings, "Revising Postrevisionism," Diplomatic History , Fall 1993.

Week 2: Expansion, Ideology, Imperialism . . . in contexts

Common: Noam Chomsky, "The Responsibility of Intellectuals," in Chomsky, American Power and the New Mandarins; Bryan Palmer, Descent into Discourse; Chapter 1 in Major Problems in American Foreign Relations, vol. II

Michael Hunt, Ideology and Foreign Policy -- Brice Tony Smith, America's Mission -- Jason Gabriel Kolko, Century of War Richard Slotkin, Regeneration Through Violence Richard Drinnon, Facing West: The Metaphysics of Indian Hating -- Jeffrey Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of Great Powers -- Nick Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes -- Kyle Thomas McCormick, America's Half-Century -- Katy Paul Buhle and Edward Rice-Maximim, William Appleman Williams and the Tragedy of Empire -- Julie

Week 3: Colonial/19th Century

Common: Anders Stephanson, Manifest Destiny ; chapters 1-4 [LaFeber and Van Alstyne (2) and Crapol] in Williams, ed., From Colony to Empire ; Symposium on Early U.S. Foreign Relations, (Rosenberg , Ben-Atar , Gitlin , Onuf , Perkins , ) Diplomatic History, Winter 1998; Edward Crapol, Late-Nineteenth-Century U.S. Foreign Relations," Diplomatic History, Fall 1992

Bradford Perkins, The Creation of a Republican Empire, 1776-1865 [vol.1, Cambridge] -- Brice Marc Egnal, A Mighty Empire Drew McCoy, The Elusive Republic -- Katy Lester Langley, The Americas in the Age of Revolution, 1750-1850 -- Brandon Thomas Hietala, Manifest Design Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution -- Nick David Pletcher, The Diplomacy of Trade And Investment : American Economic Expansion In The Hemisphere, 1865-1900 Walter LaFeber, The American search for opportunity, 1865-1913 [vol.2, Cambridge] William Appleman Williams, The Roots of the Modern American Empire

William Weeks, John Quincy Adams and American Global Empire and Building the Continental Empire Scott Nearing, Dollar Diplomacy Reginald Horsman , Race and Manifest Destiny

Week 4: World War I Era

Common: chapter 5 [Gardner] in From Colony to Empire ; chapters 2,3 in Major Problems , v. 2; Tom Ferguson, "From Normalcy to New Deal" ; chapter 6 [Smith] in From Colony to Empire ; Holger Herwig, "Clio Deceived: Conquest, Foreign and Domestic, in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany," in Journal of Modern History , March 1984

Lloyd Gardner, Safe for Democracy N. Gordon Levin, Woodrow Wilson and World Politics Carl Parrini, Heir to Empire Martin Sklar, The Corporate Reconstruction Of American Capitalism, 1890-1916 -- Katy Arno Mayer, Political Origins of the New Diplomacy -- Brandon Arno Mayer, Politics and Diplomacy of Peacemaking: Containment and Counterrevolution at Versailles -- Brice Akira Iriye, The Globalizing of America, 1913-1945 [vol.3, Cambridge] -- Julie Emily Rosenberg, Spreading the American Dream --Jeffrey Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion David Engerman , Modernization from the Other Shore -- Kyle

Joan Hoff Wilson, Ideology and Economics John Morrow, The Great War: An Imperial History D.C. Watt, How War Came Waldo Heinrichs, Threshold of War

Week 5: World War II Era and Origins of the Cold War in Europe

Common: William Walker, “Melvyn P. Leffler, Ideology, and American Foreign Policy ,” Diplomatic History Fall 1996 ; chapter 7 [Berger] in From Colony to Empire ; Gerhard Weinberg, "Munich After 50 Years," Foreign Affairs, 1988; Roundtable on World War II Studies, ( Bartov , Danchev , Kimball , Koshiro , Lee , Reynolds , Stephanson , Stoler , Weinberg , Weinger ) Diplomatic History, Summer 2001; chapter 8 [Gardner] in From Colony to Empire; Gaddis, "The Tragedy of Cold War History"; John Gaddis, "Rethinking Cold War History"; Leffler, "Inside Enemy Archives" ; Melvyn Leffler, "National Security and US Foreign Policy," and Michael MccGwire, "National Security and Soviet Foreign Policy," in Melvyn Leffler and David Painter, eds, Origins of the Cold War ; Allen Dulles, "The Present Situation in Germany," [reprinted] in Foreign Affairs , November/December 2003; Vladimir Pechatnov, "The Big Three After World War II," CWIHP Working Paper 13**; Brian Murray, "Stalin, the Cold War, and the Division of China," CWIHP, Working Paper 12; "Stalin's Conversations with Chinese Leaders,"and "New Evidence on Sino-Soviet Relations," CWIHP Bulletin , Issues 6/7; Scott Parrish and Mikhail Narinsky, "New Evidence on the Soviet Rejection of the Marshall Plan," CWIHP Working Paper 9

**CWHIP is the Cold War International History Project , which is a clearinghouse for new information on the Cold War from sources all over the world. Its Bulletin and Working Papers are available for download, at http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.home

Gabriel Kolko, The Politics of War -- Kyle Gerald Horne, Race War -- Brice William Roger Louis, Imperialism at Bay David Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy Gar Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb Warren Kimball, Forged in War

John Dower , War Without Mercy -- Nick Gabriel Kolko, The Limits of Power Michael Hogan, The Marshall Plan -- Jason Michael Hogan, A Cross of Iron -- Katy Melvyn Leffler, A Preponderance of Power Arnold Offner, Another Such Victory Carolyn Eisenberg, Drawing the Line John Gaddis, Strategies of Containment -- Brandon

Vladimir Zubok and Constantine Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlin's Cold War Odd Arne Westad, Cold War and Revolution Frederico Romero, The United States and the European Trade Union Movement Christopher Thorne, Allies of a Kind Martin Sherwin , A World Destroyed

Week 6: The 1950s

Common: Christian Ostermann, "The United States, the East German Uprising of 1953, and the Limits of Rollback," CWIHP Working Paper 11; Vladimir Zubok, "Krushchev and the Berlin Crisis," CWIHP Working Paper 6; "New Findings on the 1956 Hungarian Revolution," and "Warsaw Pact Military Planning," CWIHP Bulletin , Issue 2; "New Evidence on the Berlin Crisis, 1958-62," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 11; Christian Ostermann, "This is Not A Politburo, But a Madhouse," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 10; "Poland, 1956," "Hungary and Poland, 1956," "1953 GDR Uprising," "1956 Hungarian Crisis," in CWIHP Bulletin , Issue 5; "Special Feature: New Evidence on the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises," CWIHP Bulletin , Issue 8/9

Warren Cohen, America in the Age of Soviet Power, 1945-1991 [vol.4, Cambridge] Richard Immerman and Robert Bowie, Waging Peace Jian Chen, Mao's China and the Cold War -- Julie Bruce Cumings , Korea's Place in the Sun Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, volume 1: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, volume 2: The Roaring of the Cataract Sergei Goncharov, John W. Lewis, Xue Litai, Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao and the Korean War Jian Chen, China's Road To The Korean War -- Jeffrey George Mc.T Kahin and Audrey Kahin, Subversion as Foreign Policy Mary Ann Heiss, Empire and Nationhood : the United States, Great Britain and Iranian Oil, 1950-1954-- Jason

William Stueck, The Korean War Rosemary Foot, The Wrong War Shuguang Zhang, Mao's Military Romanticism Peter Hahn, The United States, Great Britain, and Egypt

Week 7: Asia

Common: Frank Kofsky, Did the Truman Administration Deliberately Prolong the Korean War?"; chapters 7-8 in Major Problems , vol. II; Michael Hunt and Stephen Levine, "Revolutionary Movements in Asia and the Cold War," and Suguang Zhang, "Threat Perception and Chinese Foreign Policy," and Bruce Cumings, "Japan and the Asian Periphery," in Melvyn Leffler and David Painter, eds, Origins of the Cold War; "New Evidence on the Cold War in Asia," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 12/13; "More New Evidence on the Cold War in Asia," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 8/9

Michael Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship Walter LaFeber, The Clash Bruce Cumings , Parallax Visions Akira Iriye, Across the Pacific Michael Hunt , The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy -- Brandon John Dower, Embracing Defeat Michael Schaller, The United States and China Nancy Tucker, Patterns in the Dust William Walker, Opium and Foreign Policy -- Tim Gordon Chang, Friends and Enemies Akira Iriye, Power and Culture Warren Cohen, America's Response to China -- Jeffrey

Michael Hunt, Frontier Defense and the Open Door Akira Iriye, Cultural Internationalism and World Order Thomas McCormick, China Market

Week 8: Latin America/Caribbean

Common: Chapter 10 in Major Problems, vol. II; Roett Memorandum ; William Walker, "Mixing the Sweet with the Sour," in Diane Kunz, ed., Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade; Leslie Bethell and Ian Roxborough, "The Impact of the Cold War on Latin America," in Melvyn Leffler and David Painter, eds, Origins of the Cold War; "Cuba 1962" and 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis," CWIHP Bulletin , Issue 5; "More New Evidence on the Cuban Missile Crisis," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 8/9

Greg Grandin, The Last Colonial Massacre -- Cam Greg Grandin, Empire's Workshop: Latin America, The United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism -- Julie Thomas O'Brien, The Revolutionary Mission Louis Perez, Cuba Under the Platt Amendment -- Jason Stephen Rabe, The Most Dangerous Area in the World Morris Morley, Imperial State And Revolution : The United States and Cuba, 1952- 1986 Thomas Paterson, Contesting Castro -- Kyle John Hart, Empire and Revolution -- Brice William LeoGrande, Our Own Backyard Lester Langley, The Banana Men : American Mercenaries And Entrepreneurs In Central America, 1880-1930 Mary Renda, Taking Haiti -- Tim Piero Gleijeses, Shattered Hope

Stephen Rabe, Eisenhower and Latin America Peter Smith, Talons of the Eagle Walter LaFeber, Inevitable Revolutions Friedrich Katz, The Secret War in Mexico

Week 9: Economics/Materialism/Hegemony

Common: Victoria de Grazia, Irresistible Empire ; Michael Hogan, "Corporatism," ; Carl Parrini, "Theories of Imperialism," and Patrick Hearden, "Herbert Hoover and the Dream of Capitalism in One Country," and Thomas McCormick, ". . . An Essay on Hegemony and Modern American Foreign Policy," all in Lloyd Gardner, ed, Redefining the Past

Lloyd Gardner, Economic Aspects of New Deal Diplomacy -- Tim David Painter, Oil and the American Century -- Jason Carl Parrini, Heir to Empire Frank Kofsky, Harry Truman and the War Scare of 1948 Charles Maier , Recasting Bourgeois Europe -- Kyle Thomas O'Brien, The Century of American Capitalism in Latin America Ken Silverstein , Private Warriors Emily Rosenberg , Financial Missionaries to the World Alfred Eckes, Opening America's Markets Benjamin Fordham, Building the Cold War Consensus -- Jeffrey William Borden, The Pacific Alliance Allen Matusow, Nixon's Economy -- Katy Ellen Meiksins Wood, Democracy Against Capitalism John Tirman, Spoils of War --Brandon

Seymour Melman, The Permanent War Economy Thomas Zeiler, American Trade and Power in the 1960s Michael Latham, Modernization as Ideology Lewis Sorley, Arms Transfers Under Nixon David Calleo, The Imperious Economy Burton Kaufman, Trade and Aid

Week 10: Cold War at Home/Culture/Race/Gender

Common: "Cold War Without End"; Ellen Schrecker, "Interpreting McCarthyism" and "The Impact of McCarthyism"; Victor Navasky, "The Social Costs"; Frank Costigliola, "Tropes of Gender and Pathology," Diplomatic History , Spring 1997; Andrew Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations" in Hahn and Heiss, eds, Empire and Revolution ; Roundtable on Culture, Religion and International Relations, ( Rotter , Buzzanco , Dean , Hill ) Diplomatic History , Fall 2000; Symposium on African Americans and U.S. Foreign Relations, ( Anderson , Horne , Krenn, Laville and Lucas , Plummer , Von Eschen ) Diplomatic History , Fall 1996.

Noam Chomsky, Deterring Democracy --Julie Ed Herman and Noam Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent --Nick Philip Jenkins, The Cold War at Home Mary Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights --Brice Ellen Schrecker, Many Are the Crimes Reinhold Wagnleitner, Coca-Colonization and the Cold War --Katy Gerald Horne, Black And Red : W.E.B. Du Bois And The Afro-American Response To The Cold War, 1944-1963 --Jeffrey Nancy Bernhard, U.S. Television News and Cold War Propaganda --Tim Tom Borstelmann, The Cold War and the Color Line Carol Anderson , Eyes Off the Prize

Michael Sherry, In the Shadow of War Lisle Rose, The Cold War Comes to Main Street Frances Saunders, The Cultural Cold War Tom Engelhardt, The End of Victory Culture Stephen Whitfield, The Culture of the Cold War Jessica Gienow-Hecht, Transmission Impossible Walter Hixson, Parting The Curtain : Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945- 1961 Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound Brenda Gayle Plummer, Rising Wind Jeff Woods, Black Struggle, Red Scare

Week 11: The Third World

Symposium on the U.S. and the Third World, ( Cobbs , Cullather , Little , Rabe) Diplomatic History, Winter 1996; Piero Gleijeses, "Flee! The White Giants are Coming . . ." in Hahn and Heiss, eds, Empire and Revolution; Thomas Paterson, "Threat to the Middle East?," in Thomas Paterson, Meeting the Communist Threat ; Stephen McFarland, "The Iranian Crisis of 1946 and the Onset of the Cold War," in Melvyn Leffler and David Painter, eds, Origins of the Cold War ; Warren Cohen, Balancing American Interests in the Middle East," in Cohen and Nancy Tucker, eds., Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World; "New Evidence on the Cold War in the Third World and the Collapse of Detente in the 1970s," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue8/9

Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War --Jeffrey David Schmitz, Thank God They're On Our Side Gerald Horne, From the Barrel of a Gun --Nick Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions Matthew Connolly , A Diplomatic Revolution --Brandon Noam Chomsky, The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism --Tim Noam Chomsky., The Fateful Triangle Gabriel Kolko, Confronting the Third World Andrew Rotter , Comrades at Odds Tom Borstelmann, Apartheid's Reluctant Uncle Penny Von Eschen, Race Against Empire : Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957 Bob McMahon, Cold War on the Periphery --Kyle

Gary Sick, All Fall Down Dennis Merrill, Bread and the Ballot Peter Hahn, Caught in the Middle East Michael Schaller, Altered States Anthony Lake, The Tar Baby Option

Week 12: The Vietnam War

Common: Buzzanco, " Fear and (Self-)Loathing in Lubbock . . . "; responses by Taylor , and Miller ; Buzzanco, "The United States in Vietnam: Capitalism, Communism, and Containment, " in Hahn and Heiss, eds, Empire and Revolution; Lawrence Bassett and Stephen Pelz, "The Failed Search for Victory," in Thomas Paterson, ed., Kennedy's Quest for Victory; Walter LaFeber, "Johnson, Vietnam, and Tocqueville," and Frank Costigliola, "Lyndon B. Johnson, Germany and 'The End of the Cold War'," in Warren Cohen and Nancy Tucker, eds, Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World; "New Evidence on the Vietnam/Indochina Wars," CWIHP Bulletin , Issues 6/7; Qiang Zhai, "Beijing and the Vietnam Peace Talks," CWIHP Working Paper 18

Gabriel Kolko, Anatomy of a War --Brice Bob Buzzanco, Masters of War --Nick Qiang Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars --Jeffrey Ilya Gaiduk, Confronting Vietnam Lloyd Gardner, Approaching Vietnam Andrew Rotter, The Path to Vietnam --Julie David Anderson , Trapped by Success George McT. Kahin, Intervention Larry Berman, No Peace, No Honor Jeffrey Kimball, Nixon's Vietnam War James Carter, "Inventing Vietnam" --Jason

Jeffrey Kimball , The Vietnam War Files William Shawcross, Sideshow Daniel Ellsberg, Secrets Larry Berman, Planning a Tragedy Bruce Franklin, M.I.A. or Mythmaking in America Lawrence Freedman, Kennedy's Wars Robert McNamara , In Retrospect Philip Catton, Diem's Final Failure

Week 13: After Vietnam

Common: Symposia on The End of the Cold War, Diplomatic History , Winter 1992 and Spring 1992; Roundtable on The American Century, ( Luce , Hunt , Berghahn , Brands , Cumings , Hodgson , Hoff , Horne , Iriye, Jervis , Kroes , LaFeber, Lundestad, Rosenberg, Smith) Diplomatic History, Spring 1999 and Summer 1999; Andrew Battista, "Unions and Cold War in the 1980s," Diplomatic History , Summer 2002; Frank Costigliola, "Lyndon B. Johnson, Germany and 'The End of the Cold War'," in Warren Cohen and Nancy Tucker, eds, Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World; "New Evidence on the End of the Cold War," CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 12/13

Jeremy Suri, Power and Protest --Nick Joan Hoff, Nixon Reconsidered Seymour Hersh, The Price of Power --Tim Rick Perlstein, Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus --Katy Raymond Garthoff, Detente And Confrontation : American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan William Bundy, A Tangled Web Michael Klare, Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws --Brandon Theodore Draper, A Very Thin Line David Halberstam, War in a Time of Peace Richard Ned LeBow and Janice Gross Stein, We All Lost the Cold War John Lewis Gaddis, We Know Now Noam Chomsky, World Orders Old and New --Kyle

Kai Bird, The Color of Truth Raymond Bonner, Weakness and Deceit Bob Woodward, The Commanders Jean Edward Smith, George Bush's War Warren Christopher, In the Stream of History George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed

Week 14: Current Crises

Noam Chomsky, "Old Wine, New Bottles"; Noam Chomsky, "Market Democracy in a Neoliberal Order," Pretexts, 1998; Noam Chomsky, "The Passion for Free Markets"

Walter LaFeber, Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism --Tim Alfred Eckes and Thomas Zeiler, Globalization and the American Century William Greider, One World, Ready or Not Joseph Stiglitz, Globalization and Its Discontents Edward Luttwak , Turbo Capitalism Norman Finkelstein, Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict --Julie Alan Friedman, Spider's Web Gabriel Kolko, Another Century of War? Phyllis Bennis, Before and After Tariq Ali, The Clash of Fundamentalisms Immanuel Wallerstein, The Decline of American Power Noam Chomsky, Hegemony or Survival --Jason Noam Chomsky, The New Military Humanism Chalmers Johnson, Blowback Chalmers Johnson, The Sorrows of Empire Niall Ferguson, Empire Noreena Hertz, The Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and the Death of Democracy Noreena Hertz , The Debt Threat --Katy Amy Chua, World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability Andrew J. Bacevich, American Empire