Chinese Immigration to WW1 by Sarah Oates & Josh Myers Origins

1820 - First substantial Chinese immigration begins First immigrants directly involved in Gold Rush (1849), construction of the railroads Single or married males predominantly, supported family back home Reasons for Immigration

Economic opportunity Taiping Rebellion Imperialism Growth

1868 Burlingame Treaty establishing formal diplomatic recognition Growth of “Chinatowns” across the West Coast By 1880, one in ten California residents were of Chinese origin. Expansion into urban labor. & Violent Opposition

Chinese massacre of 1871 NW Labor riots riot of 1886, Tacoma riot of 1885, Rock Springs riot of 1885 (1882)

Climate of fear and violence leads passage First and only law in US history to exclude citizenship and immigration on the basis of race The of 1892

Extends the Chinese Exclusion Act for another 10 years Requires Chinese residents to carry permits “All laws now in force prohibiting and regulating the coming into this country of Chinese persons and persons of Chinese descent are hereby continued in force for a period of ten years from the passage of this act” Lawsuits

Chinese filed over 10,000 lawsuits Supreme Court heard cases challenging laws as in violation of the 14th Amendment Lawsuit against Marine Hospital Services

Angel Island

Angel Island Detention Center opens 1910-1940: Detained/Interrogated at Angel Island immigration station in San Francisco Bay Left in isolation for months Act to Repeal the Chinese Exclusion Act

“” Lifted restrictions on naturalization Smooth relations between the U.S. and its WWII Asian ally, China, and in response to Japanese propaganda focusing on anti- Chinese discrimination in the U.S. Lee Chew “The Biography of a Chinaman”

Published February 1903 - “All Congressmen acknowledge the injustice of the treatment of my people, yet they continue it. They have no backbone.” - “How can I call this my home, and how can anyone blame me if I take my money and go back to my village in China?”