DOCSLIB.ORG

Republic of Djibouti Public Expenditure Review Expenditure Public Djibouti of Republic Report No.34624-DJI Report No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Republic of Djibouti Public Expenditure Review Expenditure Public Djibouti of Republic Report No.34624-DJI Report No Report No.34624-DJIReport No. Republic of Djibouti34624-DJI Public Expenditure Review Republic of Djibouti Public Expenditure Review MakingPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Finances Work for Growth and Poverty Reduction April 2006 Social and Economic Development Group Middle East and North Africa Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADETIP Agence djiboutienne d’exicution de travaux d’intirtt publics (Public Works Agency) BCI Banquepour le Commerce et I’lndustrie (Trade and Industry Bank) BDD Banque djiboutienne de diveloppement (Development Bank) BND Banque nationale de Djibouti (Central Bank) MTEF Medium-term Expenditure Framework CFPA Centre de Formation Professionnelle des Adultes (Vocational Training Center for Adults) CMR Caisse Militaire de Retraite (Military Pension Fund) CNR Caisse Nationale de Retraite (National Pension Fund) CNSS Conseil National de SecuritC Social UNCTAD United Nations Centre for Trade and Development COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Afnca CREDES Centre de Recherche et d ’Etudespour le Diveloppement de la Santi (Health Research Center) DEN0 Dipenses engagies non ordonnancies (Committed Expenditures Without Order to Pay) PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper EDAM Enqugte djiboutienne auprBs des minages (Djibouti household survey) EDD Electriciti de Djibouti (Electricity company) PER Public Expenditure Review O&M Operations and Maintenance DF Djibouti Franc IMF International Monetary Fund GFS Global Finance Statistiques ICOR Incremental Capital Output Ratio FDI Foreign Direct Investment MFI Microfinance institutions MESN Ministry ofEmployment and National Solidarity MNESUP Ministry of Higher Education MS Ministry ofHealth MDG Millenium Development Goal WHO World Health Organization ONED Office National des Eaux de Djibouti (Water company) OPS Organisme de Protection Sociale (Social Protection) GDP Gross Domestic Product UNDP United Nations Development Program NPL Non-performing loans GNI Gross National Income SFP SystBme de laformation professionnelle (Vocational Training ) SMI Service Midicale Interentreprises (Inter-firm Medical Service) SNA Service National Adapte‘ (National Adapted Military Service) SRD Tax Collection Unit (Sous-direction de Recouvrement) REER Real Effective Exchange Rate TOFE Table ofGovernment Financial Operations VAT Value Added Tax HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus REPUBLIQUE OF DJIBOUTI PUBLIC EXPENDITUREREVIEW TABLEOF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................... i INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................ i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. i PART I. AGGREGATE FISCAL ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 1: MACROECONOMIC AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE .................................... 1 1.1. Macroeconomic performance..................................................................................................................................... 1 I .I . 1. Recent economic performance ............................................ 1.1.2. What explains Djibouti’s mixed and volatile growth perfo 1.1.3. Conclusions and policy implications ................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Fiscal performance: main features of fiscal adjustment ........................................................................................ 11 1.2.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.2. Size of the Fiscal Adjustment .................................................................... ............................................... 11 1.2.3. Quality of the Fiscal Adjustment ..... ............................................................................................................ 12 1.2.4. Conclusions and policy implications ................................................................................................................. 14 1.3. Medium-term economic outlook and policy goals .................................................................................................. 18 1.3.1. Medium Term Economic outlook ......................................................................................................... 18 1.3.2. Djibouti PRSP: Objectives. Strategy and Financing Assumptions ................................................................... 18 1.3.3. Evaluation of the PRSP: Joint World BanWIMF Assessment......................................... CHAPTER 2: ASSESSING PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PERFORMANCE ............................... 21 2.1. Criteria for assessing public expenditures .............................................................................................................. 21 2.2. Fiscal Sustainability Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 22 2.2.1 . Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.2.2. Overview of level and composition of debt .............................................. 2.2.3. Debt Sustainability Analysis ...................... ................................................................................ 23 2.2.4. Broadening the analysis offiscal sustainability: contingent liabilities ........................... 2.3. Inter-Sectoral Analysis of Public Expenditure ....................................................................................................... 38 2.3.I . Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.3.2. Overall level of government expenditure ....................................... .................. ...............38 2.3.3. Functional composition of expenditures: levels. shares and pe e....................................................... 39 2.3.4. Economic composition of expenditures: levels. shares andperformance ......................................................... 45 2.3.5. A closer look to the composition of current expenditures ................................................................. 2.3.6. Capital expenditures : levels. sources offinancing and sectoral composition .................... 2.3.7. Conclusions and policy implications ........................................................... .......... CHAPTER 3: ASSESSING REVENUE PERFORMANCE ........................................................ 65 3.1. Criteria for assessing revenue performance............................................................................................................ 65 3.2. Level and composition of tax revenue ...................................................................................................................... 65 3.2.1. Level of Tax Revenue ......................................................................................................................................... 66 3.2.2. Composition of Tax Revenue .............................................. overnance ...................................................... ........................................................................ 3.3.2. Tax arrears .. ................................................................................................. 75 3.4. The role of official grants and military-related receipts ........................................................................................ 75 3.5. Tax administration .................................................................................................................................................... 77 i 3.5. I . Direct tax collection .. .......... 78 3.5.2. Indirect tax collection ........................................................................................................................................ 79 3.6. Revenue reform agenda: current status and challenges ahead ............................................................................. 80 PART I1. GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC FINANCE MANAGEMENT .................................. 83 CHAPTER 4: ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF GOVERNANCE ............................................ 83 4.1. Djibouti’s position in global governance data ......................................................................................................... 84 4.2. Internal Accountability: National Checks and Balances ....................................................................................... 85 4.3. External Accountability: Elections, the Media and Civil Society Oversight ........................................................ 86 4.4. Assessing the impact of governance on service delivery and the business climate .............................................. 87 4.4.1. Governance and sewice delively ......................................................... :............................................................ 87 4.4.2. Governance and the business climate ..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Maternal Health Thematic Fund
    Maternal Health Thematic Fund Annual Report 2012 Cover photos: Midwives in Uganda: From training to saving lives. Small photo: Training of midwives with equipment supplied by UNFPA. UNFPA Uganda. Large photo: Midwife at work in a refugee camp in Northern Uganda. Diego Goldberg, UNFPA. UNFPA: Delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe, and every young person’s potential is fulfilled. CONTENTS Acknowledgements . iv Acronyms & Abbreviations . v Foreword . vi Executive Summary . vii CHAPTER ONE Background and Introduction . 1 CHAPTER TWO Advocacy and Demand-Creation for Maternal and Newborn Health . 7 CHAPTER THREE Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care . 15 CHAPTER FOUR The Midwifery Programme . 23 CHAPTER FIVE The Campaign to End Fistula . 31 CHAPTER SIX Maternal Death Surveillance and Response . 39 CHAPTER SEVEN Resources and Management . 45 CHAPTER EIGHT External Evaluations . 55 CHAPTER NINE Challenges and Way Forward . 57 ANNEXES Annex 1. Partners in the Campaign to End Fistula . 61 Annex 2. Consolidated results framework for 2012 . 62 Contents iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNFPA wishes to acknowledge its partnerships with national governments and donors, and with other UN agencies, in advancing the UN Secretary-General’s Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health . We also acknowledge, with gratitude, the multi-donor support generated to strengthen reproductive health . In particular, we thank the governments of Austria, Australia, Autonomous Community of Catalonia (Spain), Canada, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom . We also thank our partners in civil society and in the private sector, including EngenderHealth, European Voice, Friends of UNFPA, Johnson & Johnson, Virgin Unite, Zonta International and the Women’s Missionary Society of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, for their generous support .
    [Show full text]
  • Educational Research Applications Ogwuazor LI, Et Al
    Educational Research Applications Ogwuazor LI, et al. Educ Res Appl 5: 170. Review Article DOI: 10.29011/2575-7032.100170 The Repercussions of Self-Medication in Africa and Best Practices for Developing Nations Linda I. Ogwuazor1, Bisrat Hailemeskel1* and Moges Abebe2 1Department of Clinical & Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, NW Washington, DC, USA 2Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Saint Agustine’s University, NC, USA *Corresponding author: Bisrat Hailemeskel, Department of Clinical & Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 4th Street, NW Washington, DC 20059 USA Citation: Ogwuazor LI, Hailemeskel B (2020) The Repercussions of Self-Medication in Africa and Best Practices for Developing Nations. Educ Res Appl 5: 170. DOI: 10.29011/2575-7032.100170 Received Date: 29 April, 2020; Accepted Date: 07 May, 2020; Published Date: 15 May, 2020 Introduction allowing self-medication with potentially harmful medications such as antibiotics. It will also present some suggestions for a According to the Food and Drug Administration, a drug is reasonable and economically feasible way to improve patient “a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, outcomes and reduce the magnitude of adverse events such as treatment, or prevention of disease.” Since 1951, the US has antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on the continent. classified drugs as one of the following: prescription or over the counter (OTC) [1]. Prescription drugs are drugs that require a drug Causes of Antibiotic Resistance order from a physician and are intended for use by only one person. Several factors contribute to the development of resistant The Durham-Humphrey amendment was passed by Congress on strains of bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 27 January 2010
    United Nations E/CN.9/2010/4 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 27 January 2010 Original: English Commission on Population and Development Forty-third session 12-16 April 2010 Item 3 of the provisional agenda* Actions in follow-up to the recommendations of the International Conference on Population and Development Monitoring of population programmes, focusing on health, morbidity, mortality and development Report of the Secretary-General Summary The present report on the monitoring of population programmes, focusing on health, morbidity, mortality and development has been prepared in response to the topic-oriented and prioritized multi-year work programme of the Commission on Population and Development, which was endorsed by the Economic and Social Council in its decision 2009/239. In its decision 2008/101, the Commission decided that health, morbidity, mortality and development should be the special theme for the forty-third session of the Commission. The report provides an overview of the programmatic work of the United Nations Population Fund to improve maternal health and reduce morbidity and mortality. It focuses on activities related to maternal and newborn care, investing in family planning and midwifery, enhancing reproductive health commodity security, preventing and treating obstetric fistula, abandoning the practice of female genital mutilation/cutting, eliminating gender-based violence, addressing adolescent pregnancy and child marriage, preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, comprehensive condom programming to prevent unintended pregnancy and HIV infection and providing reproductive health services in emergency situations. It points out that reproductive ill health impacts mortality and accounts for a large share of the global burden of disease, particularly among women and children.
    [Show full text]
  • International Science and Technology Institute, Inc
    International Science and Technology Institute, Inc. EVALUATION REPORT CATHOLIC RELIEF SERVICES DJIBOUTI FOOD AND NUTRITION PROGRAM Prepared for: U.S. Agency for International Development Dji bouti (Contract No. PDC-0000-I-15-3083-00) By: Joyce M. King, Team Leader -International Science an-1 Technology Institute, Inc. 2033 N Street, N.W., Suite 300 Washington, D.C. 20036 and Ethleen Smith Lloyd, CRS/Djibouti Agma Prins, USAID Consultant Mark Rasmuson, PRITECH November 1984 2033 MStreet NW , Washington. DC.20036 was (202)466-7290 a Te1ex24830VRCAWUR TABLE OF CONTENTS Page L. OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM SETTING ...... 1 1.1 Country Description... 1 1.2 Major Health Problems. .. .. 2 1.3 Government of Djibouti Primary Health Care Initiatives. ..... .. 3 1.4 Donor Strategies and Programs. ... 6 2. EVALUATION PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY . ... 9 2.1 The CRS MCH Program. 9 2.2 The CRS Total Title II Program...... ... 10 3. CRS PROGRAM HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT: OVERVIEW OF PROBLEMS .E.......... ........ 13 4. ANALYSIS OF PROGRAM OPERATIONS . ......... 20 4.1 The Title II Ration: Appropriateness- Value: Delivery ....... ................... ... 20 4.2 The Role of Food Aid...... .............. 28 4.3 Targeting: Economic; Geographical; Age; Degree of Malnutrition. ........ .. ... 34 4.4 Attendance and C6verage. 37 4.5 Growth Surveillance System as Monitoring* Mechanism. .... .... 44 4.6 Staff: Capability and Training; Management and Supervision. ..... .... .... 47 4.7 Health Education of Mothers. ...... 57 4.8 Coordination and Integration in Health Structure. 65 5. IMPACT-ON HEALTH SERVICES AND POPULATION . 68 6. COST EFFECTIVENESS . ......... 73 7. SUMMARY OF EVALUATION FINDINGS . ... .... ... 79 8. RECOMMENDATIONS .... .. 87 1. OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM SETTING. 1.1. Country Description The Republic of Djibouti~squeezed between Ethiopia and Somalia on the horn of Africapresents a unique set of circum­ s to students of developing nations.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHUR AUGUSTO CATRAIO Rio De Janeiro - 2020
    FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS BRAZILIAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ADMINISTRATION THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ARMED CONFLICTS AND CHRONIC HUNGER IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (1990-2015) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE BRAZILIAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ADMINISTRATION ARTHUR AUGUSTO CATRAIO Rio de Janeiro - 2020 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Sistema de Bibliotecas/FGV Catraio, Arthur Augusto de Freitas The political economy of armed conflicts and chronic hunger in sub-Saharan Africa (1990-2015) / Arthur Augusto de Freitas Catraio. – 2020. 175 f. Tese (doutorado) - Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas, Centro de Formação Acadêmica e Pesquisa. Orientadora: Daniela Campello da Costa Ribeiro. Inclui bibliografia. 1. Africa Sub-Saara – Fome – Aspectos políticos. 2. Guerra civil – Aspectos sociais. 2. Desenvolvimento sustentável. I. Campello, Daniela, 1970-. II. Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas. Centro de Formação Acadêmica e Pesquisa. III. Título. CDD – 361.05 Elaborada por Márcia Nunes Bacha – CRB-7/4403 In memory of Josué de Castro Acknowledgments This doctoral dissertation is the joint result of individual effort and an endless list of collective acts of support and generosity. I must thank my family, especially my parents, my brother and my nephew, for their unconditional support, love, and both moral and physical encouragement which included travelling with heavy loads of books that were used in this research. To Margarete Barbosa, Alexandre Nicolosi, and Lucas Soares I must thank for their kindness, love, and for their literally out of this world support.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO/EMRO Meetings Held in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2003 131 4
    WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean The work of WHO in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: annual report of the Regional Director, 1 January–31 December 2003/WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean p. ISBN 92-9021-368-0 ISSN 1020-9166 1. Regional Health Planning I. Title [NLM Classification: WA 540] Photographic acknowledgements: Mohsen Allam, Ashraf Fares, Suzane Farhoud, Kaveh Kazemi, Ammar Keylani, Sharif Sonbol, WHO headquarters, WHO Representative’s Offices of Aghanistan, Djibouti, Lebanon, Pakistan, Sudan and Yemen The full text of this publication can also be found on www.emro.who.int © World Health Organization 2004 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use.
    [Show full text]
  • DJIBOUTI Unity – Equality – Peace
    REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI Unity – Equality – Peace COMBINED INITIAL AND PERIODIC REPORT UNDER THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page Acronyms and abbreviations .................................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1- 9 6 PART 1: General information..................................................... 10- 57 7 I. Background and socio-economic aspects..................................... 10- 27 7 1. Historical overview............................................................. 10- 18 7 2. Demographic and economic data .................................... 19- 27 8 II. Legal framework............................................................................... 28- 42 10 1. Ratified international instruments.................................... 28- 32 10 2. Fundamental pieces of legislation .................................... 33- 42 11 III. Institutional framework................................................................... 43- 57 14 PART 2: Realization of Human Rights .............................................. 58- 16 I. Civil and political rights................................................................... 58- 170 16 1. Right to non-discrimination and equality before the law 58- 65 16 2. Right to life and to physical and moral integrity…….. 66- 75 18 3. Prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • View the PDF Document
    Health Systems Profile- Djibouti Regional Health Systems Observatory- EMRO Contents FOREWORD......................................................................................................... 3 1 Executive Summary.................................................................................... 5 2 Socio Economic Geopolitical Mapping ...................................................... 13 2.1 Socio-cultural Factors ................................................................................ 13 2.2 Economy .................................................................................................. 15 2.3 Geography and Climate ............................................................................. 19 2.4 Political/ Administrative Structure............................................................... 19 3 Health status and demographics .............................................................. 24 3.1 Health Status Indicators ............................................................................ 24 3.2 Demography............................................................................................. 27 4 Health System Organization..................................................................... 30 4.1 Brief History of the Health Care System ...................................................... 30 4.2 Public Health Care System......................................................................... 30 4.3 Private Health Care System.......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hrh Commitments
    Third Global Forum on Human Resources for Health 10 – 13 November 2013 Recife, Brazil HRH COMMITMENTS Rising to the grand challenge of human resources for Table of contents MEMBER STATES _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 AFRO ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 BENIN _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 BURKINA FASO _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 BURUNDI ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 COTE D’IVOIRE _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 ETHIOPIA ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 23 GHANA _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25 GUINEE _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 26 LIBERIA _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 MALAWI ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 Situation Report
    COVID-19 Situation Report #14 6 – 27 August Expected date next report: 10 September 66,447 5,383 60 5,307 Tests Cases Deaths Recovered carried out confirmed HIGHLIGHTS • Some 5,383 cases of COVID-19 and 60 fatalities have been confirmed by authorities in Djibouti to date. A remarkable decline in the number of positive cases reported in the country in the last three weeks. CUMULATIVE CASES • Since the reopening of the borders on 18 July, some 3.8% of > 30 arriving passengers tested positive to COVID-19. Ethiopia resumed 16 - 30 air and land transportation services with Djibouti on 7 August. 1 – 15 • The UN and its partners published the COVID-19 Response Plan including humanitarian and immediate development support, on the basis of government priorities as indicated in the ‘National Solidarity pact’ • SITUATION OVERVIEW • As of 27 August 2020, the Ministry of Health in Djibouti confirmed 5,383 cases of COVID-19, with 60 fatalities reported since the beginning of the pandemic. The epidemiological situation over the last 3 weeks is marked by a remarkable decline in the number of positive cases reported, with the average number of positive cases detected in the last two weeks amounting to 4 and 3 respectively. Zero reporting was announced twice during the last week for the first time since April Results of COVID-19 tests carried out daily in Djibouti - by week 9000 8237 8000 7000 5658 6000 5120 4795 5000 4006 3295 4000 2974 2665 2650 2620 2672 2754 2555 2296 3000 1972 1924 1609 1568 1592 1669 2000 1225 1000 179 464 0 July - 7 July 1 June - June 9 3 July - 14 July 8 May - 12 May 6 July July -28 22 April 6 - 12 6 April July 21 July - 15 May 19 May - 13 26 May - 20 June 16 June - 10 23 June - 17 30 June - 24 April 13 19 13 - April 21 15 - April 28 22 - April August 5 - - 11 August 5 March 23 29 March23 - August 18 August - 12 March 16 22 Marchto 16 May June 2 May - 27 April 29 May 5 29 - April July 29 - August August 4 July - 29 March 30 5 April March- 30 Positive Negative Number tested 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Finance in Djibouti: Evolution and Current State 41
    MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW 1 ISLAMIC FINANCE COUNTRY REPORT ifcr DJIBOUTI Unleashing the Potential for the Future DJIBOUTI ISLAMICINSTITUT ISLAMIQUE FINANCE DE RECHERCHE COUNTRY ET DE FORMATION REPORT MEMBRE DU GROUPE DE LA BANQUE ISLAMIQUE DE DEVELOPPEMENT 1 MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW 1 ISLAMIC FINANCE COUNTRY REPORT DJIBOUTI _____________________________ Unleashing the Potential for the Future Main authors Tamsir Cham Turkhan Ali Abdul Manap Mohammed Obaidullah Hylmun Izhar Mahmoud Bekri ISLAMIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE A Member of the Islamic Development Bank Group 2 DJIBOUTI ISLAMIC FINANCE COUNTRY REPORT CONTENTS © Islamic Development Bank, 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system CONTENTS or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder, except for reference and citation, with proper acknowledgment. King Fahad National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Islamic research and training institute Islamic finance country report Djibouti: / Islamic research and training institute . – Jeddah , 2018 ..p ; ..cm ISBN: 9960-32-352-8 1- Islamic finance I-Title 330.121 dc 1440/1206 ......................................................................................................................................................... Foreword 6 L.D. no. 1440/1206 ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 Pandemic in Djibouti: Epidemiology and the Response
    medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.20167692; this version posted August 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti: epidemiology and the response strategy followed to contain the virus during the first two months, 17 March to 16 May 2020 Mohamed Elhakima,*, Saleh Banoita Tourabb, Ahmed Zouitenc aTechnical Officer, World Health Organization, WHO Representative's Office, Djibouti-ville, Republic of Djibouti bExecutive Secretary, Ministry of Health of Djibouti, Djibouti-ville, Republic of Djibouti cWHO Representative, World Health Organization, WHO Representative's Office, Djibouti- ville, Republic of Djibouti *Corresponding author at: World Health Organization Representative's Office, Mezz tower, Road of Venise – P.O. Box: 2085, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti Dr Mohamed Elhakim E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Elhakim) Telephone: +20 1224093717 / +253 77442568 1 | Page NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice. medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.20167692; this version posted August 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Background: First cases of COVID-19 were reported from Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it progressed rapidly.
    [Show full text]