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Staff Comment Form

Date: May 8, 2013

To: Brampton Heritage Board

Property: 69 Queen Street West

Applicant: 2179986 Ontario Inc.

Subject: 69 Queen Street West - Heritage Impact Assessment

This staff comment form has been prepared for the Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) for the cultural heritage resource at 69 Queen Street West, also known as the former Peel Creamery. This HIA was submitted as part of the notice of intention to apply for a demolition permit that was submitted by the property owner, as required under Section 27 of the Ontario Heritage Act. The HIA has been prepared to determine whether the heritage resource contains enough cultural heritage value to warrant retention, and outline mitigation measures that should be implemented. The attached HIA satisfies the City’s requirements for a Heritage Impact Assessment.

HIA Details:

Prepared By: Su Murdoch Historical Consulting Final Submission: May 2014

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Subject Site o 69 Queen Street West is located near the southwest corner of Queen Street West and George Street South in downtown Brampton. o The property contains concrete block building that is currently vacant. o The property is listed on the City of Brampton’s Municipal Register of Cultural Heritage Resources. o The property owner has submitted a notice of intention to apply for a demolition permit.

Report Highlights: o The concrete block building was erected circa 1925 for the operation of The Peel Creamery. o The Peel Creamery was operated by the Pulfer/Dennis family from 1924 until at least 1971. o The building was subsequently used by a catering company, and most recently, an automotive repair business. o John Pulfer and his son, John Henry Pulfer, were early farmers in Chinguacousy Township and bred prize winning Jersey cattle. o His other son, George Pulfer, was involved in the farm implement business and manufactured a milk cooler type “creamer”. o The building was originally a one-storey structure constructed of concrete blocks, and a second storey was added in the 1940s. o The use of concrete block is not unique for 1920s construction. o The building does not impart any physical knowledge or further understanding of the technology of cream processing, for which it was constructed. o The site context has been altered with the construction of the West Tower of the Southwest Quadrant Renewal Plan. o The property is not a suitable candidate for protection under the Ontario Heritage Act and does not warrant retention. o The property owner is proposing to create a parking lot on the site upon removal of the building.

Report Recommendations: o That the property owner seek unconditional permission to demolish the building. o Before demolition commences, the availability of the concrete blocks as salvage could be offered to the City. o If this property is developed for other than the proposed parking lot, it could be the location of a marker commemorating the history of the local dairy industry and the role of early 20th century creameries, if this has not been done elsewhere within the City of Brampton.

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I 1-3 o When designing the future building for this site, some consideration should be given to this location as a transition between the West Tower that fronts onto Queen Street West and the low rise scale of the buildings at 75 and 81 Queen Street West.

Staff Recommendations:

Staff supports the conclusions of the HIA that the building located at 69 Queen Street West is not a suitable candidate for retention, and offers the following recommendations:

 That the demolition of the building on 69 Queen Street West be permitted;  That the property owner provide a copy of the Heritage Impact Assessment to The Peel Art Gallery, Museum + Archives (PAMA); and  That upon redevelopment of 69 Queen Street West, a plaque commemorating the history of the local dairy industry and the role of early 20th century creameries on the property be installed by the property owner at their expense and to the satisfaction of the City.

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

THE PEEL CREAMERY 69 QUEEN STREET WEST, CITY OF BRAMPTON

PREPARED FOR

2179986 ONTARIO INC.

SU MURDOCH HISTORICAL CONSULTING 47 RODNEY STREET, BARRIE, ON L4M 4B6 705.728.5342 [email protected]

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST, CITY OF BRAMPTON

SUMMARY

For the reasons given in this Heritage Impact Assessment, it is recommended that the property owner seek unconditional permission to demolish the former creamery building at 69 Queen Street West. Before demolition commences, the availability of the concrete blocks as salvage could be made known to the City of Brampton.

If this property is developed for other than the proposed parking lot, it could be the location of a marker commemorating the history of the local dairy industry and the role of early 20th century creameries, if this has not been done elsewhere within the City of Brampton. The City has specifications for commemorative markers and will require the property owner to provide and install the plaque, complete with text and images.

This section of Queen Street West has been so changed by the West Tower of the Southwest Quadrant Renewal Plan that determining a suitable height and scale for any future development on the subject property is almost redundant. When designing a building for this site, some consideration should be given to this location as the transition between the West Tower fronting on Queen Street West and the pedestrian scale of the buildings at 75 and 81 Queen Street West. Some effort to “even out” the scale and provide a better transition between the two is warranted.

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

CONTENTS

SUMMARY

1.0 REPORT OBJECTIVE AND TERMS OF REFERENCE

2.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

3.0 PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT

4.0 REPORT METHODOLOGY 4.1 EVALUATION CRITERIA 4.2 SOURCES

5.0 POLICIES AND POSITION OF THE CITY OF BRAMPTON 5.1 OFFICIAL PLAN 5.2 MUNICIPAL REGISTER LISTING

6.0 CHRONOLOGY OF PROPERTY OWNERSHIP 6.1 BRAMPTON HISTORY 6.2 REGISTERED PLAN BR 16 6.3 EARLY PROPERTY OWNERS 6.4 JOHN PULFER 6.5 SUBSEQUENT OWNERS

7.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE EVALUATION 7.1 HISTORICAL OR ASSOCIATIVE VALUE 7.2 DESIGN OR PHYSICAL VALUE 7.2.1 EXTERIOR 7.2.2 CONCRETE BLOCKS 7.2.3 INTERIOR

7.3 CONTEXTUAL VALUE 7.3.1 REASON FOR LISTING ON THE REGISTER 7.3.2 ANALYSIS OF CONTEXTUAL VALUE

8.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 9.1 DEMOLITION 9.2 COMMEMORATION 9.3 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

APPENDIX 1: CITY OF BRAMPTON MUNICIPAL REGISTER OF CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES

APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF HERITAGE CONSULTING CREDENTIALS AND EXPERIENCE

SOURCES

ENDNOTES

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST, CITY OF BRAMPTON

PART LOT 2, PLAN BR 16, CITY OF BRAMPTON

1.0 REPORT OBJECTIVE AND TERMS OF REFERENCE

The property known municipally as 69 Queen Street West is listed on the City of Brampton (“City”) Municipal Register of Cultural Heritage Resources, April 2009. As required by s. 27 (3) of the Ontario Heritage Act (“Act”), the property owner, 2179986 Ontario Inc., has given the City sixty days notice of its intention to apply for a demolition permit for this listed property.

The City has a policy requiring that a Heritage Impact Assessment (“HIA”) be prepared by a qualified heritage conservation professional and submitted with the application to demolish. The HIA is to be assembled according to the City’s Terms of Reference. The objective of the HIA is to provide the information on which the City and its municipal heritage committee will base its evaluation and decisions regarding the mitigation of any cultural heritage resources that may exist on a subject property, prior to the approval of any permit applications.

No archaeological assessment was undertaken for this HIA. Archaeological fieldwork can only be conducted by an archaeologist licensed under the Ontario Heritage Act.

No structural integrity or building condition assessment was commissioned.

2.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

The legal description of the subject property is part Lot 2, Plan BR 16, Brampton. This part of Lot 2 fronts on the south side of Queen Street West, between George and Elizabeth streets. On April 8, 2014, there was a one/two storey, concrete block building on the site that was erected about 1925 to house The Peel Creamery. Its most recent use was as an automotive service and sales garage. The building is currently vacant.

The former creamery building is part of a cluster of two storey, early 20th century commercial buildings. In 2014, the Southwest Quadrant Renewal Plan, including a new nine storey building (West Tower), was under construction. This glass structure dominates the southwest corner of Queen Street West and George Street, and forms an imposing backdrop to the subject property and others along the south side of Queen Street West.

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

3.0 PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT

The property owner is proposing the demolition of the former creamery building but has no immediate plans for the redevelopment of the property. In the interim, an application will be made for parking use.

4.0 REPORT METHODOLOGY

4.1 EVALUATION CRITERIA

Ontario Heritage Act Regulation 9/06 sets the minimum standard for criteria to be used by municipalities when evaluating the cultural heritage value or interest of a property being considered for protection (designation) under s. 29 of the Act. One or more of the criterion in the categories of Design or Physical Value, Historical or Associative Value, and Contextual Value must be met for the property to be protected.

For purposes of this HIA, these evaluation categories are used as a framework for the research, evaluation, and recommendations. The final decision on whether to protect under the Act or otherwise conserve the property remains with Brampton City Council.

4.2 SOURCES

The findings and recommendations of this HIA are based on documentary research at the Region of Peel Archives, including a partial property title search, and on information provided by the City. An interior (partial) and exterior site visit was conducted on April 8, 2014, with the owner in attendance.

5.0 POLICIES AND POSITION OF THE CITY OF BRAMPTON

5.1 OFFICIAL PLAN

Section 4.9 Cultural Heritage of the Official Plan sets the City’s goal with respect to the management of cultural heritage resources. It is the objective of the cultural heritage resource policies to:

a) conserve the cultural heritage resources of the City for the enjoyment of existing and future generations;

b) preserve, restore and rehabilitate structures, buildings or sites deemed to have significant historic, archaeological, architectural or cultural significance and, preserve cultural heritage landscapes; including significant public views and,

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

c) promote public awareness of Brampton’s heritage and involve the public in heritage resource decisions affecting the municipality.

The objectives of the Official Plan are integrated into the City’s Terms of Reference for a Heritage Impact Assessment.

5.2 MUNICIPAL REGISTER LISTING

This property is listed on the City of Brampton Municipal Register of Cultural Heritage Resources, April 2009 (see Appendix) for its cultural heritage value individually and as part of a “Grouping of Early 20th Century Commercial Buildings, 69, 75 and 81 Queen Street West.”

A property listed on a Register prescribed by s. 27 of the Act is not protected by the Act except for the provision that the City must be given sixty days notice of the intent to apply for an application to remove or demolish a building or structure on a listed property.

6.0 CHRONOLOGY OF PROPERTY OWNERSHIP

6.1 BRAMPTON HISTORY

In the early 1820s, John Elliott arrived in the Brampton area having left Brampton, Cumberland, England. About 1834, he had part of Lot 5, Concession 1, West Hurontario Street, Chinguacousy Township, subdivided into building lots, thereby creating a village named Brampton. The subject property at 69 Queen Street West was originally part of the Elliott holdings.

Brampton is situated on Etobicoke Creek, a slow moving waterway that could not support industries, such as mills, that needed a larger volume and faster water flow to generate power. The first industry in the area was an ashery established by John Scott to produce potash. By 1846, there were two stores, a tavern, tannery, cabinetmaker, two blacksmiths, and two tailors. The population was about 150 people.1

Brampton was incorporated as a village in 1852 and a town in 1873. When the County of Peel was established in the mid 19th century, Brampton was designated the administrative centre or County Town. When the Regional Municipality of Peel was established on January 1, 1974, Brampton was proclaimed an incorporated City and restructured to include part of Chinguacousy Township, Toronto Gore Township, and a small area of Mississauga (the former Toronto Township).

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

6.2 REGISTERED PLAN BR 16

On October 10, 1866, Public Land Surveyor A.B. Scott subdivided part of Lot 5, Concession 1, West Hurontario Street, Chinguacousy Township, on behalf of the Bank of Montreal. A notation on the survey explains that this land was conveyed by John Elliott and his wife to John [Nolans]. The survey was registered as Plan BR 16.

Lot 2, Plan BR 16, has a frontage of 265 feet, 5 inches, along Queen Street, and a depth of 107 feet, 7 inches. It measures 65/100s of an acre. In 1866, Scott labelled it “Tannery Lot” (shown below).

Plan BR 16, October 10, 1866, showing Lot 2

6.3 EARLY PROPERTY OWNERS

On October 10, 1866 (the date of the Scott survey), the Bank sold Lot 2 to Maria Holmes. The 1866 Mitchell & Company York and Peel directory and the 1869 Robertson & Cook Ontario directory list a Mrs. M.R. Holmes in Brampton with a “select school.”

On December 21, 1869, Holmes sold to Anderson (or Andrew) H. Wigley.2 An A.H. Wigley is listed in the 1866 directory as a tanner and currier and in 1869 as a tanner.

On September 26, 1908, Arthur B. Wigley as the sole surviving executor of Ellen Thistle, widow, deceased, and others, sold part of Lot 2 to the same Arthur B. Wigley. He paid $3,750 for part of

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

Lot 2 (minus “50 feet fronting on Queen Street and by 102 feet along George Street”), plus other lands. Ellen Thistle was Arthur’s sister. She married John Alexander Thistle on March 1, 1866, and was widowed on March 8, 1871. Arthur married Marion Louisa Green (a niece to John Thistle) on July 27, 1892.3

Arthur Wigley died on March 16, 1910, likely in Pittsburgh. On November 4, 1911, his executors, William A. Wilson of Wheeling, West Virginia, and Oliver Richardson of Pittsburgh, sold part of Lot 2 to Richard Elliott of Brampton. Elliott was a carriage maker. He paid $300 for the land.

6.4 JOHN PULFER

On October 1, 1924, Richard Elliott sold part of his Lot 2 holdings to John Pulfer. (Elliott also sold part of Lot 2 in April 1925 for use as the Oddfellows Hall abutting the east side of the subject property.) Elliott was described as a widower and gentleman living in Brampton. Pulfer was described as a gentleman living in Brampton. The purchase price was a dollar “plus other valuable consideration.”

A genealogy, The Pulfer family in Suffolk, England,4 states that the Pulfers were farmers in Chinguacousy Township. The John Pulfer who bought the subject property is identified as John Henry in the following extract from the genealogy:

Brampton Ontario According to the family bible, Francis, Sarah, and their remaining eight children, together with John's wife and baby, arrived in Canada in July of 1851.

They may have stopped off for several months in Quebec city, or in Toronto, at any rate, only two of the family are recorded in the 1851 census of Chinguacousy Township in the county of Peel where many of them eventually lived. . . .

But let's return to the family on the farm in Chinguacousy township. In addition to Ruth, who was born in England, ten other children were born to John and Eliza.

George 1852 Frances (Fanny) 1854 Thomas 1856 Joseph 1859 Peter 1862 James Feb. 22, 1864 (Granddad) John Henry Oct. 24, 1867 Eliza M Nov. 1, 1870 William J Jul. 31, 1872 Lewis 1875

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

Also in 1871, according to the assessment records for Chinguacousy (dated Feb. 11 1871) John and Eliza and family were now tenants on Thos. Montgomery's farm (Concession 2 west, Lots 8 & 9). It is possible that John moved to the bigger farm to make room for his family, and because the older boys were capable of taking on more work. All eight of John's children were living at home on farm at that time. Ruth was 21, and the youngest Eliza M, was 1 year old. . . . On November 10 1878, great, great grandmother Sarah died in Brampton at age 77, and two weeks later, on November 29, John bought the farm for $6000 from WJ Montgomery. According to the 1881 census, seven children were still living on the farm in the early 80's. Thomas, now the eldest, was 23. His younger brothers Joe 19, and Jim 18, would have been working the farm, while John junior 13, and William, 8, were still in school, as was Eliza, aged 11. Young Lewis at 5, had not yet started school.

George Pulfer was doing well in the farm implement business in Brampton. In the March 28th 1884 issue, and several subsequent issues of the Brampton Conservator, he advertised a butter churn for sale.

A few years later, we see a notice for a "creamer," a type of milk cooler, which he was manufacturing and selling. . . .

John, however continued to devote himself to his farm. He was doing extremely well with his Jersey cattle, and his farm was beginning to gain a well deserved reputation amongst Peel County cattle breeders. In an April 1886 issue of the Brampton Conservator, there is a notice about his prize winning Jersey bull. . . .

It is likely that he made arrangements to rent the old farm that originally belonged to George Wright, because a few years later, the Chinguacousy directory for 1898 shows him as a tenant on that farm.

After Jim left, according to the 1891 census, only John Henry, aged 24, Eliza jr., aged 20 and William aged 18, were still on the farm with their parents John and Eliza. . . .

The following year, the 1898 Chinguacousy directory showed Jim Pulfer still farming on Concession 1, Lot 10, and John Senior and John Junior on Concession 2, Lot 9.

John senior was now 75, and with all the children moving out on their own, and Eliza gone, it is likely that he eventually planned to transfer ownership of the farm to the one son remaining at home, John Henry.

Young John had other ideas however, and sometime during the next two years, he too decided to give up farming and live in Brampton, and eventually John senior was forced to sell the farm to someone outside the family.

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

The first indication of what was to come appeared on April 23rd 1898, when John Sr. and John Henry made a deal with John Munro Ross & Co. (Land title abstract). The deal may have been a precursor to settling debts owing on farm machinery when the farm was sold.

In June, John Senior advertised Jersey cattle and Tamworth swine for sale in the Conservator. Coincidentally, that same June, John's farming career reached its peak with a feature article in The Farmer's Advocate extolling the quality of the Jersey cattle raised by John and his son on "Spring Valley Farm". . . .

The 1900 Chinguacousy directory showed John Senior as the owner of Concession 2 west, Lot 9, and Jim Pulfer, as tenant on Concession 1 west, Lot 10, so Jim couldn't have left for Manitoba more than a few months earlier. . . . On January 1st, 1900, after 50 years as a successful farmer, having raised a family of 10 children, and established himself as a breeder of fine Jersey cattle, and Tamworth swine, John Pulfer at age 77, sold the family farm to Arthur Pointz. (Title index) John Henry and his family had moved into the town of Brampton. They established the Peel Creamery on Queen Street in November 1924, and continued to operate it until it was taken over by their daughter Mary and her husband Roy Dennis. In 1916 their eldest son Wilfrid was killed in WW1 in France (Brampton Conservator Sept 28 1916).

6.5 JOHN PULFER AND SAMUEL ROY DENNIS

The 1921 directory for Brampton lists John and George Pulfer on Elizabeth Street. The 1921 personal census for Brampton lists John, age 54, as a carpenter married to Martha, age 50. Their daughter Mary Olive, born in 1903, was a stenographer. They were enumerated on Elizabeth Street.

On November 8, 1924, John Pulfer, now described as a Brampton merchant, divided 1917/rev 1924 ownership of the subject property between himself and Samuel Roy Dennis (“Roy”). They are described in the transfer document as “merchants carrying on business as The Peel Creamery.” The land is described as “commencing at the south limit of Queen Street West, 144 feet west from George Street; then south 107 feet and 7 inches; then east 32 feet; then north 107 feet and 7 inches, then west along the south limit of Queen 30 feet

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON to the place of beginning.” This is the subject property at 69 Queen Street West.

The 1917 revised to 1924 Underwriter’s Survey Bureau Ltd. insurance plan (shown previous page) does not plot the subject building. This 30 foot frontage is a vacant parcel of land flanking the west side of an auto repair shop.

Mary Pulfer and Samuel Roy Dennis were married on November 8, 1926. At that date, Roy was identified as a bachelor, age 27, and a manager. Born in Chinguacousy, his parents were Stephen Dennis and Frances M. McCauley. Mary was a bookkeeper, age 23.

The 1931 Underwriter’s insurance plan (shown left) plots “The Peel Creamery” as a one storey, concrete block structure with windows 1931 along the west and east facades. It had “electric light and power” and a composite roof. The municipal address was 59 Queen Street West. The Oddfellows Hall on the east was erected in 1925.

There was no change to the subject building when plotted on the August 1931 revised to November 1940 Underwriter’s Plan (copy not shown).

On February 26, 1942, John Pulfer, a retired merchant, sold his half interest in the property to his daughter Mary, wife of Samuel Roy Dennis who jointly owned the lands and the business Peel Creamery. John died on March 3, 1947. Samuel died on August 11, 1964.

A second storey was added to the front of the building after November 1940 (date of insurance plan) and before a photograph was taken of a flood in Brampton in March 1948 (next pages).

Frances Carol McLean was a daughter of Mary and Roy Dennis. As indicated by the following, she also worked at the creamery:

MCLEAN, Frances Carol - 1928 - 2010 Carol passed away peacefully on Monday, August 16th. She will be sadly missed and forever remembered by her three children

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Above: The Peel Creamery before the second storey addition (Courtesy Darren Spindler)

Below: Peel Creamery about 1950 showing the second storey (Region of Peel Archives, Cecil Henry Collection, No. 101)

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

Above: Flood scene, Brampton, 1948, photographed by Gordon W. Powley. The Oddfellows Hall and Peel Creamery are on right. (Archives of Ontario, Item Reference Code C 5-1-0-146-1)

Below: Canadian Underwriter’s Association, March 1971, insurance plan

1971

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

Brenda, Dianne and Paul, their spouses Cliff and Carol, and her four grandchildren Kendra, Paige, Lauren and Luke. Carol was born on February 11, 1928 in Brampton, Ontario. She was the daughter of Mary and Roy Dennis and survived by her brother Mike (Dr.) Dennis and sister Dianne Palmer.

From an early age, Carol was a hard worker at the Brampton family business, The Peel Creamery. She left school in 1942 to support the Creamery which used local farm cream and eggs to produce fresh butter and eggs for the Brampton Armed Forces base and local stores. Her contributions at the Creamery continued for many years working with her loving husband of 57 years, Gord, who also worked at the Creamery after returning from serving in the Army.

Carol and her family were regular supporters at St. Paul's United Church where she was married to Gordon (deceased in 2005) in 1948. Gord and Carol spent their entire lives sharing all of their experiences together. Born and raised in Brampton, Carol had many lifelong friends in the community who will miss her. Carol was an active member for many years at the Brampton Curling Club and the Brampton Lawn Bowling Club. For many years, her curling rink of Norah Caruthers, Beatrice Lent and Shirley Wilson had fun travelling together. They successfully won many of the local and regional tournaments that they entered. In 1973, they played in the Ontario Provincial Finals.

Carol enjoyed many activities with her lifelong friends spending time together playing cards, socializing and travelling. She was recognized by many by her beautiful sun tan and unique braided hair style. She always carried herself with dignity and grace.5

6.5 SUBSEQUENT OWNERS

As indicated on the Canadian Underwriter’s Association Insurance Plan of March 1971 (shown previous page), the second storey was only added to the front of the building. The building was still identified as a creamery in 1971.

Mary Dennis sold the property in September 1976 to Carl’s Catering Company Ltd.

The property was subsequently used as an automotive repair shop and was vacant for about four years before being acquired by the current owner, 2179986 Ontario Inc.

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

Above: 69 Queen Street West, North facade, 2014

Below: West facade, 2014

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

Above left: West facade showing metal clad rear wall of second storey, 2014

Above right: West facade with a section of the Southwest Quadrant Renewal Plan development in south background, 2014

Below left: South facade with utility concrete blocks, 2014

Below right: Original window opening on west facade, 2014

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

Left: Infill of an early opening, west facade, 2014

Below: View of roof, looking south from second floor exit door of second storey; former Oddfellows Hall at 65 Queen Street West on left, 2014

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

Above left: Entrance from Queen Street West into front office, 2014

Above right and centre: Front office, 2014

Left: Stairway from front office to second floor, 2014

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

Second floor stairway landing (above left) and residential unit, 2014

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Interior of one storey section, last used as an automotive service garage, 2014

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 QUEEN STREET WEST CITY OF BRAMPTON

7.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE EVALUATION

7.1 HISTORICAL OR ASSOCIATIVE VALUE

Throughout the 19th and into the mid 20th century, much of the area surrounding Brampton was in agricultural use, with the town as its service and market centre. Since the 1950s, the area has witnessed an explosion of residential, commercial, and industrial development.

John Pulfer and his son John Henry Pulfer were early farmers in Chinguacousy Township and bred prize winning Jersey cattle, a breed known for having a high butterfat content in its milk. John Henry’s eldest brother, George, was involved with the farm implement business in Brampton and was a manufacturer of a milk cooler type "creamer." 6 This combination of experience seems to make the founding of a local retail creamery in 1924 a logical choice for John Henry.

In a dairy operation, the creamery is the location of cream processing:

Cream is separated from whole milk; pasteurization is done to the skimmed milk and cream separately. Whole milk for sale has had some cream returned to the skimmed milk. The creamery is also the source of butter from a dairy. While cream is an emulsion of fat-in-water, the process of churning causes a phase inversion to butter which is an emulsion of water-in-fat. Excess liquid as buttermilk is drained off in the process. While modern creameries are automatically controlled industries, the traditional creamery required skilled workers. Traditional tools included the butter churn and Scotch hands [also known as butter beaters, are large wooden spatulas used when making butter].7

A retail creamery bought cream from area farmers and processed it into products such as butter, yogurt, and ice cream for public sale. Many creameries also sold baked goods and offered coffee shop type seating. By the early 20th century, there were several creameries in Brampton, the largest being Brampton Creamery. These were integral to the dairy industry as buyers of excess cream from local dairy farm operations and as a source of cream products for the public.

The two volume publication The Ontario Dairy and Creamery List (1900-1950 and 1951-1965) by Glen C. Phillips lists The Peel Creamery as opening in 1926. The sale of land between John Henry Pulfer and Samuel Roy Dennis indicates that the business was founded at least as early November 1924. The first listing for “The Peel Creamery, Pulfer and Dennis, Queen West” in a Brampton directory appears to be in May 1925.

Local creameries have given way to conglomerates producing an array of dairy products sold in chain stores. The few local creameries that exist in Ontario are boutique suppliers, and not integral to the dairy industry as in the past. The importance of the dairy industry in the Brampton area and the role of creameries are worthy of commemoration.

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7.2 DESIGN OR PHYSICAL VALUE

7.2.1 EXTERIOR When built about 1925, this was a one storey structure constructed of rectangular, chamfered (angled edges) concrete blocks with smooth faces. The building is accented with split or rock faced concrete blocks, notably at the corner (quoins) where the blocks are laid in a staggered pattern. The south (rear) wall is a more porous, utility type, concrete block. The foundation is poured concrete. The window sills are concrete and the sashes have wood frames. The front (north) facade had a door flanked by two window openings, all with upper glazed transoms, with the composition set within the west side. In the pre 1948 photograph (shown previous pages), there appears to be five windows and one entrance door on the west facade. There was one large width opening at the south end of the west facade.

Between November 1940 (insurance plan) and March 1948 (Brampton flood), a second storey was added to the Queen Street West facade. The concrete block of the second storey matches that of the original building and is seamlessly integrated. This suggests that the smooth and accent blocks were still readily available. The original cladding of the rear wall of the second storey is unknown but it is now clad with metal sheeting. Apart from the addition of four window openings in the second storey and possibly a change in the type of window sash on the ground level, no other changes appear to have been made to the exterior of the original structure when the second storey was added.

It is evident today that several door and window openings have been blocked closed or newly opened. Some of the infill is done with a modern, smooth, concrete block; some has makeshift plywood closures. The most damaging to the cultural heritage of the building is the large garage door opening now on the east half of the street facade. This has changed the look of the front facade and the allocation of the front interior space. Overall, the concrete is exhibiting stress cracks; window sash types have been changed; the west chimney removed; the blocks painted (brown, then light grey); and the front door replaced.

7.2.2 CONCRETE BLOCKS

The subject property listing in the Municipal Register of Cultural Heritage Resources assigns cultural heritage value to the creamery building as “relatively rare rusticated concrete block construction.”

Concrete blocks were first used as an inexpensive substitute for stone or wood construction. The earliest known example of a house built entirely of concrete block was in 1837 on Staten Island, New York. The earliest type of block was cast in a wooden frame and dried. Advertisements in the 1870s for "artificial stone" are probably referring to an early form of concrete block.

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The first hollow concrete block was designed in 1890 by an American, Harmon S. Palmer:

After 10 years of experimenting, Palmer patented the design in 1900. Palmer's blocks were 8 in (20.3 cm) by 10 in (25.4 cm) by 30 in (76.2 cm), and they were so heavy they had to be lifted into place with a small crane. By 1905, an estimated 1,500 companies were manufacturing concrete blocks in the United States.

The machine patented by Harmon in 1900 was not the first designed for this function, but its practical design and durability launched the modern concrete block industry. Improvements to Portland cement, a mix of clay and limestone added to bind the concrete, furthered the industry.

The Radford Architectural Company's 1908 catalog Cement Houses and How to Build contains hundreds of concrete block house designs. They were promoted as “fireproof, vermin proof, and weatherproof" and as an “inexpensive replacement for the ever-scarcer supply of wood.” 8

The Sears Company sold a concrete block making machine that offered a rock or split faced finish on the masonry, imitating quarried stone. It was the most popular finish for concrete block and became the industry standard in the era of 1910-1925.

By 1925 when the subject building was constructed, concrete block construction was no longer new or unique. It was novel for Brampton’s Queen Street West streetscape and is still noticeable amidst the predominantly brick buildings in the area. Given the deteriorating condition of the block and the lack of any physical evidence on the use of the building as a creamery, this novelty alone is not sufficient to warrant retention of the building.

7.2.3 INTERIOR Given the number of changes to the openings in this building and the removal of some interior dividing walls, it is impossible to decipher how the floor plan was originally allocated to a retail counter, possibly seating, office, refrigeration, receiving, and cream processing. There is no evidence today of the pristine clean environment that is mandatory for any dairy related operation. None of the necessary dairy related technology or processing equipment is evident.

The west half of the ground floor of the two storey section was most recently an office area. The second floor is accessed from the office by an interior stairway on the west. The second level was in residential (apartment) use until recently. From the second floor landing, there is a direct exit onto the roof of the one storey section.

The interior of the one storey rear section was viewed from the office but entry was not possible due to health and safety risks identified by the property owner. It is an open space converted for automotive servicing. The ceiling has been reinforced with wood and metal beams.

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Above: The 1925 Oddfellows Hall at 65 Queen West as built (Brampton Heritage Register image) Below: With modern facade, 2014

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Above: 75 Queen Street West, early view (Region of Peel Archives, Cecil Henry Collection, No. 101); Below: 2014

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Above: Looking east along Queen Street West, 1960s (Region of Peel Archives 1996.028.003/ PN2009_02651); Below: South side of Queen Street West showing former Oddfellows Hall at 65, and 69, 75, and 81 (on the right), 2014

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7.3 CONTEXTUAL VALUE

7.3.1 REASON FOR LISTING ON THE REGISTER The 2009 listing in the Municipal Register of Cultural Heritage Resources places cultural heritage value on the former creamery as one of three buildings at this streetscape location, Nos. 69, 75, and 81 Queen Street West. The listing contends that these buildings:

Collectively form a significant and well preserved commercial heritage landscape that helps define the Queen Street West corridor into downtown Brampton. The three buildings were constructed in the early to mid 20th century and are among the few, surviving early 20th century commercial heritage buildings in the downtown. They each retain a high degree of architectural integrity.

The aerial photograph (shown above) shades the properties in the vicinity that are considered by the City to have cultural heritage value or interest. Those shaded orange are listed on the Municipal Register; the property shaded green is protected under the Act.

7.3.2 ANALYSIS OF CONTEXTUAL VALUE The property at 69 Queen Street West is separated from 75 and 81 Queen Street West by the

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driveway on the west side of the creamery building. The historic orientation of the creamery is more toward the 1925 Oddfellows Hall flanking its east side at 65 Queen West.9 The original facade of the Hall has been recently obliterated. Although the former Hall building retains a pedestrian scale, the modern facade detracts from any traditional composition it held with the creamery building.

The West Tower of the Southwest Quadrant Renewal Plan now under construction is a patterned glass, multi level, midrise box stretching west and south from the southwest corner of George and Queen Street West (diagram shown below). This modern design structure fronts on and overhangs the corner, then recesses south to form a large, looming backdrop to the former Oddfellows Hall (65 Queen West), the creamery, and 75 and 81 Queen West. It visually overwhelms this downtown intersection and removes any sense of the historic scale and context of this section of the streetscape. This new structure, not 69, 75, and 81 Queen West, now “defines the Queen Street West corridor into downtown Brampton.” The historic gateway into the downtown from the west, if one is to be identified, should be considered nearer McLaughlin Road to the west.10

69 Queen Street West

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EVALUATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUE OR INTEREST SUMMARY TABLE

Criteria for Determine Cultural heritage Assessment Rationale value or interest (Yes/No) 1. Design or physical value: a) Is a rare, unique, representative or No By 1925, concrete block construction early example of a style, type, expression, was common. Creamery building material, or construction method design varied, so this is not representative of a creamery use type. b) Displays a high degree of craftsmanship No The building has no embellishments or artistic merit apart from commonplace split or rock faced concrete blocks used to accent. c) Demonstrates a high degree of technical No There is no evidence of the or scientific achievement technology or equipment used in cream processing, which was the primary intent of the building. 2. Historical or associative value: a) Has direct associations with a theme, Yes The theme of early 20th century event, belief, person, activity, organization, creameries in Brampton’s local dairy or institution that is significant to a industry is better acknowledged community through a commemorative marker (not by retaining the building). b) Yields, or has potential to yield, No None apart from a) information that contributes to an understanding of a community or culture c) Demonstrates or reflects the work or No No names were identified. ideas of an architect, artist, builder, designer or theorist who is significant to a community 3. Contextual value: a) Is important in defining, maintaining, or No The pedestrian scale of 69, 75, and 81 supporting the character of an area Queen Street West has been irreparably altered by the Southwest Quadrant Renewal Program development. b) Is physically, functionally, visually, or No See a) historically linked to its surroundings c) Is a landmark No Although novel for being a concrete block building along this brick streetscape, it is not a landmark.

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8.0 EVALUATION SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

See also Evaluation of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest Summary Table previous page.

In October 1924, John Pulfer acquired a vacant part of Lot 2, Plan BR 16, now known as 69 Queen Street West. In November, he divided ownership of the lot with Samuel Roy Dennis. The two were recent partners in a business known as The Peel Creamery and had the subject building erected about 1925. The following November, Dennis married Pulfer’s daughter Mary. In the 1920s, creameries were an important component of the local dairy industry. Several creameries in the Brampton area bought excess cream to process into butter, ice cream, yogurt, and other cream products, retailing these to the public. Peel Creamery was operated by the Pulfer/Dennis family until at least 1971. The property was sold in 1976. The theme of creameries and their role in Brampton’s early 20th century dairy industry is worth commemorating.

The former creamery building now exhibits the form after the second storey was added to the front, sometime between November 1940 and March 1948. Its original (1925 to 1940) one storey form is discernable amidst changes, notably to the door and window openings. The cutting in of large garage doors has irreparably damaged the heritage integrity of the street and west facades. The use of smooth faced concrete blocks with rock or split faced accent blocks is novel for the Queen Street West streetscape but not unique for 1920s construction in urban settings. Although no structural condition assessment was undertaken, it is evident that the concrete blocks are cracked and deteriorating.

The interior of the building has been converted to a front office with an upstairs residential unit, and an open space through to the rear wall for automotive servicing. Interior walls have been removed making it impossible to decipher the allocation of space when used as a creamery. No technology, equipment, or devices used in the processing of cream were evident during the site inspection of April 2014. The interior poses health and safety risks.

The late 20th century replacement of the 1925 facade of the former Oddfellows Hall at 65 Queen West has a negative impact on the subject building and the streetscape. Arguably, the most damaging factor to the contextual value of the subject building and this section of streetscape is the West Tower. This midrise structure forms an overwhelming, glass backdrop to this intersection and as far west as 81 Queen Street West.

In conclusion, this property is not considered a suitable candidate for protection under the Ontario Heritage Act for cultural heritage reasons and the former creamery building does not warrant retention. The building does not offer any physical knowledge or further the understanding of the technology of cream processing, for which it was constructed. With its technology and equipment removed, it has become a building shell. Its concrete block construction is not unique for the 1920s period. Although the pedestrian scale of the former Oddfellows Hall at 65 Queen Street West continues, its streetscape context has been irreparably changed by the modernization of the facade. The streetscape has been changed

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dramatically and irreparably by the midrise scale of the West Tower of the Southwest Quadrant Renewal Program.

9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

9.1 DEMOLITION

For the reasons given, it is recommended that the property owner seek unconditional permission to demolish the former creamery building. Before demolition commences, the availability of the concrete blocks as salvage could be offered to the City.

9.2 COMMEMORATION

If this property is developed for other than the proposed parking lot, it could be the location of a marker commemorating the history of the local dairy industry and the role of early 20th century creameries, if this has not been done elsewhere within the City of Brampton. The City has specifications for commemorative markers and will require the property owner to provide and install the plaque, complete with text and images.

9.3 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

This section of Queen Street West has been so changed by the Southwest Quadrant Renewal Plan that determining a suitable height and scale for any future development on the subject property is almost redundant. When designing a building for this site, some consideration should be given to this location as the transition between the West Tower fronting on Queen Street West and the pedestrian scale of the buildings at 75 and 81 Queen Street West. Some effort to “even out” the scale and create a better transition between the two is warranted

Overall, professional judgment was exercised in gathering and analyzing the information obtained and in the formulation of the conclusions and recommendations. Like all professional persons rendering advice, the consultant does not act as absolute insurer of the conclusions reached, but is committed to care and competence in reaching those conclusions.

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APPENDIX 1: CITY OF BRAMPTON MUNICIPAL REGISTER OF CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES, APRIL 2009

The subject properties are within the Peel Plain physiographic region of PROPERTY DESCRIPTION Southern Ontario (Chapman and Putnam, 1984: 174-176). The land surface of the plain is generally characterized by relatively level topography, within a consistent, gradual slope toward Lake Ontario.

The properties are situated in plan of subdivision BR-16 registered on October 10, 1866.

The three lots are generally rectangular in shape.

The total frontage of the three subject lots cover 127 linear feet.

The principle elevations (main façades) are emphasized by the following elements:

-Art Moderne architectural design form (75 Queen W)

-concrete block construction (69 Queen W) / masonry construction (75 and 81 Queen W).

A row of substantial Edwardian residential buildings occupy the adjacent three lot to the west of the subject properties.

PROPOSED FUTURE -Historical Plaque MITIGATION -Heritage Designation Indicate all that should be -Heritage Impact Assessment as Required applied: -Adaptive Reuse Plan as Required -Historical Plaque -Demolition Control Protocols -Heritage Designation -Minimum Maintenance/Property -Heritage Conservation Easement

-Avoidance Strategies as Required

-Heritage Impact Assessment as Required

-Archaeological Impact Assessment as Required

-Adaptive Reuse Plan as Required

-Demolition Control Protocols

-Minimum Maintenance/Property Standards Protocols

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STATEMENT OF The subject properties collectively form a significant and well preserved CULTURAL HERITAGE commercial heritage landscape that helps define the Queen Street West VALUE corridor into downtown Brampton. The three buildings were constructed in the early to mid 20th century and are among the few, surviving early 20th century commercial heritage buildings in the downtown. They each retain a high degree of architectural integrity. The grouping comprises the former Peel Creamery Building (69 Queen W) which is of relatively rare rusticated concrete block construction. The two storey building with an extended single storey wing to the rear, likely dates to about 1915. It is also noteworthy for the low stepped parapet running along the roofline of the front facade. It also has two large garage bays along the west facade facing into the laneway between this building and the adjacent block at 75 Queen W. The front facade was altered in more recent years with the introduction of a garage bay to accommodate its more recent use as an automotive repair shop. Historically, the Oddfellows Hall was adjacent to this block, directly to the east. The two storey commercial block at 75 Queen West is a masonry building with a curvilinear Art Moderne form along the east front corner. In the 1950s and 1960s it housed a farm equipment business. The Art Moderne form suggests a construction period in the 1930s or early 1940s. It too has a large garage bay off the front facade. A row of large display windows also help define the front facade. 81 Queen West is also a masonry block with a prominent stepped parapet wall defining the roofline of the front facade. In the 1950s and 1960s the Looking Glass Restaurant was located here. The construction period of this building would likely be the early 1920s. It is typical of the commercial blocks constructed in the 1920s with minimal ornamentation, beyond a parapet and stone lintels over windows and doors. Collectively the three buildings are very representative of the type of commercial building construction in Ontario downtowns in the early 20th century – usually one or two storey structures, of masonry construction with flat roofs, sometimes defined by parapets along the front facades and with minimal ornamentation. These buildings have helped define the streetscape along Queen West between George Street and Elizabeth Street for at least 70 years. They contribute to downtown Brampton as a heritage downtown.

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HERITAGE ATTRIBUTES Representative example of early to mid 20th century commercial architecture typical of small Ontario towns; Design/Physical Art Modern architectural influences exhibited by 75 Queen W;

Demonstrates a good degree of craftsmanship exhibited by the rusticated

block construction exhibited by 69 Queen W, the curvilinear form defining one of the corner walls of 75 Queen W and the parapet of 81 Queen W;

Historical/Associative Associated with the commercial development of downtown Brampton; Associated with well known downtown business such as Peel Creamery;

Contextual Grouping is conspicuous and modest landmark status; Site has linked to its surroundings for over 7 decades; Site contributes to pedestrian scale of downtown; Site contributes to character and identity of the downtown.

1915-1930 circa CONSTRUCTION OR CREATION DATE

-buildings TYPE OF HERITAGE -cultural heritage landscape RESOURCE(S)

-archaeological site -heritage district potential -building -cemetery-burial site -structure-object -historic site -historical associations -historic ruin -cultural heritage landscape

CRITERIA GRADE B commercial CURRENT USES AND FUNCTIONS

EVALUATION DATE April 2009

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APPENDIX 2:

SU MURDOCH, B.A. HIST., CAHP

SUMMARY OF HERITAGE CONSULTING CREDENTIALS AND EXPERIENCE

SU MURDOCH is the principal in SU MURDOCH HISTORICAL CONSULTING. Founded in 1990, projects have been completed by Su Murdoch Historical Consulting for individual, corporate, and public clients across Ontario. Much of this work has involved the evaluation of the cultural heritage value or interest of properties and the compilation of heritage impact statements. SU MURDOCH is a professional member in good standing of the Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals.

EDUCATION

� Bachelor of Arts (History) � Certificate in Cultural Landscape Theory and Practice (Willowbank Centre) � Archival Principles and Administration certification � Related research skills training

AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

� Town of Markham Heritage Award of Excellence � Ontario Historical Society Fred Landon Award for Best Regional History Publication (Beautiful Barrie: The City and Its People: An Illustrated History) � Ontario Heritage Foundation Community Heritage Achievement Award � Ontario Historical Society Special Award of Merit � City of Barrie Heritage Conservation Award

SELECTION OF PROJECTS: CITY OF BRAMPTON

BLUEGRASS VALLEY PROPERTIES LTD.: Heritage Background Report, Plank Dwelling, Part, West Half, Lot 9, Concession 4, WHS, Chinguacousy Township. CONTACT: Anne McCauley, [email protected].

PHILIP H. CARTER ARCHITECT: Heritage Background Report, Plank Dwelling, 1985 Bovaird Avenue West. CONTACT: Paul Oberst, 416.504.6497.

KLM PLANNING PARTNERS INC.: Heritage Impact Assessment, 4255 Castlemore Road. CONTACT: Vincenzo Bellissimo, [email protected].

ARMSTRONG HUNTER & ASSOCIATES: Heritage Impact Assessment, 11166 McLaughlin Road. CONTACT: 416.444.3300

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SOURCES

Abstract of Title, Lot 2, Plan BR 16, Land Registry Office copy book. Region of Peel Archives.

Peel County Directories Collection. Region of Peel Archives.

Family genealogical references. Ancestry.ca

Online history of Brampton posted by the City of Brampton.

The Pulfer family in Suffolk, England. www3.sympatico.ca/jkpulfer/chapt1a.doc

Online obituary index to the Toronto Star, August 2010.

Ontario dairy industry website and Wikipedia encyclopedia online.

Underwriters Survey Bureau Ltd., Brampton insurance plans. Region of Peel Archives.

Website: madehow.com/Volume-3/Concrete-Block.html#ixzz2zobrGl2B

Phillips, Glen C. The Ontario Dairy and Creamery List, two volumes: 1900-1950; 1951-1965. Region of Peel Archives.

Walker & Miles. Historical Atlas of Peel County, 1877. Reprint edition, 2000.

The assistance of Stavroula Kassaris, Heritage Coordinator, Planning & Infrastructure Services, City of Brampton, and the staff and volunteer at the Region of Peel Archives is appreciated.

ENDNOTES

1 Online history of Brampton posted by the City of Brampton.

2 The name “Anderson” appears in the Copy Book of Land Registry Office documents at Region of Peel Archives. Anderson may be an incorrect transcription of Andrew, in the original document, to the copy book.

3 Ancestry.ca

4 The Pulfer family in Suffolk, England, www3.sympatico.ca/jkpulfer/chapt1a.doc

5 Obituary published in the Toronto Star from August 20 to 21, 2010.

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6 The Pulfer family in Suffolk, England

7 Information from the Ontario dairy industry website and Wikipedia encyclopedia online.

8 Information from the website madehow.com/Volume-3/Concrete-Block.html#ixzz2zobrGl2B

9 The summary report for the Register listing concludes that the Oddfellows Hall was demolished by 2009 and therefore is not listed. It is now believed that the original structure is behind the much altered, late 20th century facade.

10 The identification of McLaughlin Road as the gateway point was discussed at a meeting with the property owner and Stavroula Kassaris, Heritage Coordinator, Planning & Infrastructure Services, City of Brampton.

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