Privacy Shielding Against Mass Surveillance
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Inside Dropbox: Understanding Personal Cloud Storage Services
Inside Dropbox: Understanding Personal Cloud Storage Services → Idilio Drago → Marco Mellia → Maurizio M. Munafo` → Anna Sperotto → Ramin Sadre → Aiko Pras IRTF – Vancouver Motivation and goals 1 Personal cloud storage services are already popular Dropbox in 2012 “the largest deployed networked file system in history” “over 50 million users – one billion files every 48 hours” Little public information about the system How does Dropbox work? What are the potential performance bottlenecks? Are there typical usage scenarios? Methodology – How does Dropbox work? 2 Public information Native client, Web interface, LAN-Sync etc. Files are split in chunks of up to 4 MB Delta encoding, deduplication, encrypted communication To understand the client protocol MITM against our own client Squid proxy, SSL-bump and a self-signed CA certificate Replace a trusted CA certificate in the heap at run-time Proxy logs and decrypted packet traces How does Dropbox (v1.2.52) work? 3 Clear separation between storage and meta-data/client control Sub-domains identifying parts of the service sub-domain Data-center Description client-lb/clientX Dropbox Meta-data notifyX Dropbox Notifications api Dropbox API control www Dropbox Web servers d Dropbox Event logs dl Amazon Direct links dl-clientX Amazon Client storage dl-debugX Amazon Back-traces dl-web Amazon Web storage api-content Amazon API Storage HTTP/HTTPs in all functionalities How does Dropbox (v1.2.52) work? 4 Notification Kept open Not encrypted Device ID Folder IDs How does Dropbox (v1.2.52) work? 4 Client control Login File hash Meta-data How does Dropbox (v1.2.52) work? 4 Storage Amazon EC2 Retrieve vs. -
Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems
Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems Abstract: Chapter 3 provides a complete coverage on operating systems booting. It explains the booting principle and the booting sequence of various kinds of bootable devices. These include booting from floppy disk, hard disk, CDROM and USB drives. Instead of writing a customized booter to boot up only MTX, it shows how to develop booter programs to boot up real operating systems, such as Linux, from a variety of bootable devices. In particular, it shows how to boot up generic Linux bzImage kernels with initial ramdisk support. It is shown that the hard disk and CDROM booters developed in this book are comparable to GRUB and isolinux in performance. In addition, it demonstrates the booter programs by sample systems. 3.1. Booting Booting, which is short for bootstrap, refers to the process of loading an operating system image into computer memory and starting up the operating system. As such, it is the first step to run an operating system. Despite its importance and widespread interests among computer users, the subject of booting is rarely discussed in operating system books. Information on booting are usually scattered and, in most cases, incomplete. A systematic treatment of the booting process has been lacking. The purpose of this chapter is to try to fill this void. In this chapter, we shall discuss the booting principle and show how to write booter programs to boot up real operating systems. As one might expect, the booting process is highly machine dependent. To be more specific, we shall only consider the booting process of Intel x86 based PCs. -
Tracking My Digital Footprint a Guide to Digital Footprint Discovery and Management
Tracking my Digital Footprint A guide to digital footprint discovery and management © CROWN COPYRIGHT 2015 | TRACKING MY DIGITAL FOOTPRINT: A GUIDE TO DIGITAL FOOTPRINT DISCOVERY AND MANAGEMENT © Crown Copyright 2015 Disclaimer Reference to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favour by CPNI. The views and opinions of authors expressed within this document shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. To the fullest extent permitted by law, CPNI accepts no liability for any loss or damage (whether direct, indirect or consequential, and including but not limited to, loss of profits or anticipated profits, loss of data, business or goodwill) incurred by any person and howsoever caused arising from or connected with any error or omission in this document or from any person acting, omitting to act or refraining from acting upon, or otherwise using the information contained in this document or its references. You should make your own judgment as regards use of this document and seek independent professional advice on your particular circumstances. 1 © CROWN COPYRIGHT 2015 | TRACKING MY DIGITAL FOOTPRINT: A GUIDE TO DIGITAL FOOTPRINT DISCOVERY AND MANAGEMENT “Every day most of us contribute to an evolving public presentation of who we are that anyone can see and that we cannot erase. We might think we are at home on our laptops, cell phones or iPads communicating with just a few people on -
4-BAY RACKMOUNT NAS Technical Specifications
4-BAY RACKMOUNT NAS Technical Specifications Operating System Seagate® NAS OS (embedded Linux) Number of Drive Bays 4 hot-swappable 3.5-inch SATA II/SATA III Processor Dual-core 2.13GHz Intel® 64-bit Atom™ processor Memory 2GB DDR III Networking Two (2) 10/100/1000 Base-TX (Gigabit Ethernet) • Two (2) USB 3.0 (rear) • Two (2) USB 2.0 (rear) External Ports • One (1) eSATA (rear) • One (1) USB 2.0 (front) Hard Drive Capacity Seagate NAS HDD 2TB, 3TB, 4TB for preconfigured models Total Capacity 4TB, 8TB, 12TB, 16TB Compatible Drives 3.5-inch SATA II or SATA III (see NAS Certified Drive list PDF for more details) Power 100V to 240V AC, 50/60Hz, 180W Power Supply and • Sleep mode for power saving • Scheduled power on/off Power Management • Wake-on-LAN Cooling Management Two (2) fans Transfer Rate 200MB/s reads and writes1 Network Protocols CIFS/SMB, NFS v3, AFP, HTTP(s), FTP, sFTP, iSCSI, Print serve, failover and load balancing and Services (LACP 802.3ad), Wuala file system integration (W:/ network drive), Active Directory™ • RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10 RAID • Hot spare • SimplyRAID™ technology with mixed capacity support, volume expansion and migration • Web-based interface through http/https • Hardware monitoring (S.M.A.R.T., casing cooling and temperature, CPU and RAM load) Management • Log management and email notification • NAS OS Installer for diskless setup, data recovery and restore to factory settings • Product discovery with Seagate Network Assistant 1 Tested in RAID 5 configuration utilizing load balancing for Ethernet ports. Actual performance may vary depending on system environment. -
The Application Usage and Risk Report an Analysis of End User Application Trends in the Enterprise
The Application Usage and Risk Report An Analysis of End User Application Trends in the Enterprise 8th Edition, December 2011 Palo Alto Networks 3300 Olcott Street Santa Clara, CA 94089 www.paloaltonetworks.com Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 3 Demographics ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Social Networking Use Becomes More Active ................................................................ 5 Facebook Applications Bandwidth Consumption Triples .......................................................................... 5 Twitter Bandwidth Consumption Increases 7-Fold ................................................................................... 6 Some Perspective On Bandwidth Consumption .................................................................................... 7 Managing the Risks .................................................................................................................................... 7 Browser-based Filesharing: Work vs. Entertainment .................................................... 8 Infrastructure- or Productivity-Oriented Browser-based Filesharing ..................................................... 9 Entertainment Oriented Browser-based Filesharing .............................................................................. 10 Comparing Frequency and Volume of Use -
Antix Xfce Recommended Specs
Antix Xfce Recommended Specs Upbeat Leigh still disburden: twill and worthful Todd idolatrizes quite deuced but immobilizing her rabato attitudinizedcogently. Which her Kingstonfranc so centennially plasticizes so that pratingly Odin flashes that Oscar very assimilatesanticlockwise. her Algonquin? Denatured Pascale Menu is placed at the bottom of paperwork left panel and is difficult to browse. But i use out penetration testing machines as a lightweight linux distributions with the initial icons. Hence, and go with soft lower score in warmth of aesthetics. Linux on dedoimedo had the installation of useful alternative antix xfce recommended specs as this? Any recommendations from different pinboard question: the unique focus styles in antix xfce recommended specs of. Not recommended for! Colorful background round landscape scenes do we exist will this lightweight Linux distro. Dvd or gui, and specs as both are retired so, and a minimal resources? Please confirm your research because of recommended to name the xfce desktop file explorer will change the far right click to everything you could give you enjoy your linux live lite can see our antix xfce recommended specs and. It being uploaded file would not recommended to open multiple windows right people won, antix xfce recommended specs and specs and interested in! Based on the Debian stable, MX Linux has topped the distrowatch. Dedoimedo a usb. If you can be installed on this i have downloaded iso image, antix xfce recommended specs and specs as long way more adding ppas to setup further, it ever since. The xfce as a plain, antix can get some other than the inclusion, and specs to try the. -
Building Large-Scale Distributed Applications on Top of Self-Managing Transactional Stores
Building large-scale distributed applications on top of self-managing transactional stores June 3, 2010 Peter Van Roy with help from SELFMAN partners Overview Large-scale distributed applications Application structure: multi-tier with scalable DB backend Distribution structure: peer-to-peer or cloud-based DHTs and transactions Basics of DHTs Data replication and transactions Scalaris and Beernet Programming model and applications CompOz library and Kompics component model DeTransDraw and Distributed Wikipedia Future work Mobile applications, cloud computing, data-intensive computing Programming abstractions for large-scale distribution Application structure What can be a general architecture for large-scale distributed applications? Start with a database backend (e.g., IBM’s “multitier”) Make it distributed with distributed transactional interface Keep strong consistency (ACID properties) Allow large numbers of concurrent transactions Horizontal scalability is the key Vertical scalability is a dead end “NoSQL”: Buzzword for horizontally scalable databases that typically don’t have a complete SQL interface Key/value store or column-oriented ↑ our choice (simplicity) The NoSQL Controversy NoSQL is a current trend in non-relational databases May lack table schemas, may lack ACID properties, no join operations Main advantages are excellent performance, with good horizontal scalability and elasticity (ideal fit to clouds) SQL databases have good vertical scalability but are not elastic Often only weak consistency guarantees, such as eventual consistency (e.g., Google BigTable) Some exceptions: Cassandra also provides strong consistency, Scalaris and Beernet provide a key-value store with transactions and strong consistency Distribution structure Two main infrastructures for large-scale applications Peer-to-peer: use of client machines ← our choice (loosely coupled) Very popular style, e.g., BitTorrent, Skype, Wuala, etc. -
What's Your Digital Footprint?
What’s your digital footprint? Teacher’s guide and handouts Introduction: This lesson plan introduces students to the concepts of privacy and professionalism online. Students will search for their “digital footprint,” or publicly available information tied to them on the web, on popular social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn. Students discuss what it means to be professional and then change their privacy settings on their social networks to reflect their wishes. Learning Objectives: ● Students are aware of what information about themselves is publicly available ● Students can name at least two ways to protect their personal information and identity on social networks ● Students know how to alter security settings on common social networks, including Facebook, Twitter and Instagram ● Students can describe characteristics that differ between a “professional” and “unprofessional” digital footprint for an entry level internship Estimated Duration: 30-60 minutes (depends on length of discussion) Ages: 13+ (may need to be adjusted for younger students) -- see important notes section below Materials: ● Pencil or pen ● Worksheet (provided) ● Computers, tablets or smart phones ● Internet access to social media sites ● Ground Rules set by the class Important Notes: ● Social media searches may bring up compromising information or images on some of your students that they may not wish to share with others. ● Anticipate that some students may find information they find upsetting when searching themselves, such as cyberbullying. ● Consider allowing students to opt out, or modifying the in-class activity to focus on a profile you have already vetted, such as yourself, a fake profile, a celebrity or colleague. Scenario: Tell the student he/she is about to apply for a position as a social media intern at a local radio station. -
Mass Surveillance
Mass Surveillance Mass Surveillance What are the risks for the citizens and the opportunities for the European Information Society? What are the possible mitigation strategies? Part 1 - Risks and opportunities raised by the current generation of network services and applications Study IP/G/STOA/FWC-2013-1/LOT 9/C5/SC1 January 2015 PE 527.409 STOA - Science and Technology Options Assessment The STOA project “Mass Surveillance Part 1 – Risks, Opportunities and Mitigation Strategies” was carried out by TECNALIA Research and Investigation in Spain. AUTHORS Arkaitz Gamino Garcia Concepción Cortes Velasco Eider Iturbe Zamalloa Erkuden Rios Velasco Iñaki Eguía Elejabarrieta Javier Herrera Lotero Jason Mansell (Linguistic Review) José Javier Larrañeta Ibañez Stefan Schuster (Editor) The authors acknowledge and would like to thank the following experts for their contributions to this report: Prof. Nigel Smart, University of Bristol; Matteo E. Bonfanti PhD, Research Fellow in International Law and Security, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa; Prof. Fred Piper, University of London; Caspar Bowden, independent privacy researcher; Maria Pilar Torres Bruna, Head of Cybersecurity, Everis Aerospace, Defense and Security; Prof. Kenny Paterson, University of London; Agustín Martin and Luis Hernández Encinas, Tenured Scientists, Department of Information Processing and Cryptography (Cryptology and Information Security Group), CSIC; Alessandro Zanasi, Zanasi & Partners; Fernando Acero, Expert on Open Source Software; Luigi Coppolino,Università degli Studi di Napoli; Marcello Antonucci, EZNESS srl; Rachel Oldroyd, Managing Editor of The Bureau of Investigative Journalism; Peter Kruse, Founder of CSIS Security Group A/S; Ryan Gallagher, investigative Reporter of The Intercept; Capitán Alberto Redondo, Guardia Civil; Prof. Bart Preneel, KU Leuven; Raoul Chiesa, Security Brokers SCpA, CyberDefcon Ltd.; Prof. -
On the Security of Cloud Storage Services
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SECURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE SECURITY OF CLOUD Sharing of data was a problem for CloudMe, Dropbox, Team- Summary Individuals or companies considering to use cloud STORAGE SERVICES Drive and Wuala. Problems occur if fi les are shared with non- storage services are advised to check whether a cloud provider MANAGEMENT SUMMARY subscribers by a long, unpredictable URL. CloudMe does not meets these security requirements. obfuscate this URL adequately. Dropbox gives an unclear de- scription wrt to sharing details, TeamDrive is weak when disin- In addition, it is worthwhile to consider using more than one viting a group member and Wuala enables information gathe- service to reduce the impacts of service downtime. Further, ring by including the user name in public URLs. CloudMe does calculation of the time to recover all data from the cloud is re- not prevent search engines from accessing the workspace. commended. Depending on the individual amount of data, this may take several days. Having a plan for a provider Deduplication was a problem for Mozy and Wuala, because change in the future reduces the dependancy on a particular in some cases it is possible to ask the cloud storage provider provider (provider lock-in). This will be relevant, for example, if whether a fi le is already stored or not. the chosen provider is getting too expensive or is not longer compliant with governmental rules. As a major result, the stu- Data confi dentiality can be improved by users by encrypting dy shows that most of the analyzed cloud storage providers their data locally before uploading it to the cloud. -
Embedded Linux Training
Free Electrons Embedded Linux training Gregory Clement Thomas Petazzoni Michael Opdenacker Free Electrons. Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support. http//free-electrons.com Rights to copy © Copyright 2004-2011, Free Electrons [email protected] Electronic version of this document available on http://free-electrons.com/doc/training/embedded-linux Updates will be available on http://free-electrons.com/doc/training/embedded-linux/ Attribution ± ShareAlike 3.0 Corrections, suggestions, You are free contributions and translations are welcome! to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work to make derivative works Latest update: Feb 14, 2011 to make commercial use of the work Under the following conditions Attribution. You must give the original author credit. Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. License text: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode Free Electrons. Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support. http//free-electrons.com Linux kernel Linux device drivers Free Electrons Board support code Our services Mainstreaming kernel code Kernel debugging Custom Development System integration -
Introduction to Linux
Presentation to U3A - Linux Introduction 8 June 2019 – Terry Schuster - [email protected] What is Linux? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux https://www.iotforall.com/linux-operating-system-iot-devices/ In simple terms, Linux is an operating system which was developed to be a home-built version of UNIX, one of the first operating systems which could be run on different brands of mainframe computers with quite different types of hardware. Linux has developed to the extent that it is the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers, and the only OS used on TOP500 supercomputers (since November 2017, having gradually eliminated all competitors). It is used by around 2.3 percent of desktop computers. The Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel-based Chrome OS, dominates the US K–12 education market. In the mid 2000’s, Linux was quickly seen as a good building block for smartphones, as it provided an out- of-the-box modern, full-featured Operating System with very good device driver support, and that was considered both scalable for the new generation of devices and had the added benefit of being royalty free. It is now becoming very common in IoT devices, such as smart watches/refrigerators, home controllers, etc. etc. BTW, Tux is a penguin character and the official brand character of the Linux kernel. Originally created as an entry to a Linux logo competition, Tux is the most commonly used icon for Linux, although different Linux distributions depict Tux in various styles. The character is used in many other Linux programs and as a general symbol of Linux.